TEnsnational, TJanslocal, Transcultural: Some Remarks on the Relations between Hindu-Balinese and Ethnic Chinose in Bali

TEnsnational, TJanslocal, Transcultural: Some Remarks on the Relations between Hindu-Balinese and Ethnic Chinose in Bali
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X@d'e4bie4.ch@rlrc
Ncw p:radienr will lollow wnh ns ßrm and dresoris, I. üe corße of what is c!ftndr crucd "tb. sprial iurb", rlle rerhs "hdftqopia" (Foudült 1984) rnd'hh.oscapsr (Appaduni l99t) hav. b.cone rnong thc mon pronin.nt neolosisns.: Orhc! new cacgori6 h3ve ben [email protected] using tne sua6x inns', such rs ransmtionxl, tEnslocal, rmns.ultunl. Bu( wh.r ir n.anr by rhcsc .onptrnd vo'tJ: l.oü?atja)l Ern aser pomorcß of dre spariil run en to rury ebout ihn que*ion.This h.kof&mrnric cldry cones as . nlrpris.i sincc mosr $holm who are en$g.d i. rh;s orn sbow r disrinct lavour aor one oarhc n.w ercgori.r: Hrnnen
(1996) lor nnsn*ionil, Fßit€ (2001) for tlfrlocrl, md Velsch (1999) lor tm.sultuEl. lur bow an rhey ddoturne such a *org mnnihctu ro p..ticuh arns vhcn the disdnctioß h.N.d rhm
It is obvions rh{ rhe nN r.rG wcre inüodlced to irrs int.ra.tiöns and social ties beyond red md imagiied bordeß. Likdi$ thcy kre coin.d to fldy si,l md dliu l p@cs6 of global tdf.n circulition, and assborder mov.nenr (krp 2009), Iinill, thc üm d. int.nd.d io ddcribe thc inr.rpLy btueen rhe dobd md rh. locd. Br b.yond ihe th.mri.6elds in *hich rhc ncw rcrms * applied, thcr. aE morc op.n quaiions than uswe6. It is, for qamplc, quirc lrdar wh.th* üe bs Ens refer ro ditrü€ni sc.lcs (slob.l, nrion.l, loal) or ro dilldcnt ra.rs of oalyds (insiturion l, di$usire, i.citioid). And lin.lly, arc th. concpG to which thc nff rerm refe. s rcw s is oft n suggst.d (L.e 2009)l
The iin of drn päp.r is to rhN thar uing Gftgori6 Nhich dividc nidons, cuku6. dd ßligions into ricq, s€pad. ud6 6 moe ch.nftristic ol\i76rcm rhinldng thm, aor Mplq of Hindn- B.linc conccpß. Again$ rhir brkround, ih. spatial un md 6e .ologisN intrcduc€d b/ it $em ls innovdve, ihoud nccky b g6p whft rre principlq of tb. Hi.du,Balindc world vid, n.m.ly tnd d.rding is fthted b s.qrhing clse ed th{ n is cu.hl in life to ov.mn. diFeren6.r
Trdsn.t onal or TEnslocal?
The omnih.nt of prdicult rurnoß @ prddl.. te.ns ha o bc $n €dns rh. brkeornd of rh. pmidlrr de6nnioß tney wr girn. For Ulf Hdn q ao. eample, rh€re ü a $ong düuncuon beNen it|nrtion.l and naß"ano,zl Acoding io hin, thc tern t,tmationd tfeß to contdr in whicn so&s appcar $ corpoEr actoß viQ-vis one anoth( and tdfunational, on ih. oih.r hrbd, dr.ys .ticnrion io oth.r kinds of rdoß individu:ls, linriip groups, ethnic SouF{, socid norcnens, and so fo(h - *hor
activitis rd elarionships ttrscend ,,rr,z/ boundädB (Hdncz 1t93, pp. 236 37). \/ith thn focus on nation.l boundtuiG, hN- d.r. rhe tern ftns,,,n,,/ eles to ftE (pohical unis) ärh.r rhin b naions (onnuniries delined on the bdn of r co,nnon cukl'c rnd h..'ory,. TnF nv'r: oHo (onnre rbre rnd rrion .nd ro dsuhe tbäi erery srte (md dery n.tion) ; a n2rion rde (ibid., p. 237), &aibs ihis brclgmu.d, Hu.cn speätß öfa adn ;boy thar is onn€t.d Nnh the tem "trusn{io.al", on. thn ons &on th€ te.dency of rhis tem to dmw rtten.ion to wh{ n n.srt6, thar ;, ro th. coüinu.d signinena oa the mrior:l (Hmnco 1916,
\j(4rn a historic.l peßpecdvc is added ro tunsn{ion.l $ua,cs, fonhd short@nings of thc conc.pr of ihromtion:lity @ne to th. aotu. w[ich all derive tom is implicit focus on tne .2rio.a], Ir re.mr ol rl-" hß.on of Trlk nd. rhc n,i.on ,hre i. qui,e r l2E i.venrion en.rging in Cenüd Europc no eanier üin rhe eightend centuq, and not 6rmly €$ablished in bme prrß of Aticr a.d Ash until rh. a4 Mentietb century. Thus tb. rerm seem ro be erher inappopriitc to dcsibe Äisrorical reladonships b.t*.cn noo-European rcgionr änd coünries. ft is ccft.inly ippmpirte ro focu on üe hntory of !/stern ...ion s66, our nenhd on tbc l*el ofa globd hisrory (which gcs beyond nation.l boundarie, nor on th. l*el oa lilc Norlds änd cultur.lly uupco expericnces (which undernin€ naional boundirier. H€ncc tne t,{m -t€nsnationil" seems rath€r unsuiuble for änihmpological
Anorhe_ new rc 'n ,n r h r "maC.d wnh the .pr . " . ,u 'n L tuahcl This rcrn is osed by Ulrile Freitrga ro invs he bnioner dhnglene.ß beMen different non-Europern rcgions in, lor .,roF, AIru or Sonhcsr Ak 'F'.'bg r00i). rfi. loc! n on ihc nobility of ac.o(, ide., .onnoditis, rd deF.cB b.M.n diffcrcni I.gions of rhe Sourh and the consequenas of *hangc, cn uhtion. rnd tlufer beyo.d €l or inasined bou.drüi Thc cmphli. n no' on Jos'ns nriorul bo 'nd.r.6, bur on oßmmi18
spaüal diF.hc. In tlis cont*c n i: sqsd that ih.r. ak !@,y bordcß, insid. and oußide the etion sate, which aE likesise inponant. Tl.re ir nrner I muhipliciry of bordes, which ar nor necess.ily polnical, bur emnonic, social, rligiou, *c, (Fr.itag 200t , p ,2 ) ,
\qner6 thc oncepr öa tmn{iondirt ti[6 tle qisene of nation sbß .nd narional boundde aor gmicd, rne conepr of rmlocii.r not only .mpbdiß tne dive iq, of3prtid mneps and adjßtm€na, it ale dhs b tak th. sp2tid c{esori6 of rhe doß into consideniion (Frcihg 2005, p. 3). Crucial lor rh. concept of .?n localiN. r lea. how n n ü.?d b! fFi,r& i, rh. drffrn'aron betren loelity rnd l@rionr hcrc rh. aocu is on rhe ibtcrunon be@n thc inagimrion oa r.,/,r, (äs dprsed, 6r *mpte, by th. r€rm sdtu, dd ihe pmctie ol padcuh ido( in prfticutd /,.zrrz (ibid.). In rhir mr the term 'tfttulocal" rnd rhc .oncpr of tmJoeliry cm.ncip.t. thcnsks aron ih. gdgDphic.l spße and are usd in a nrher n.aphoric,l qy. Thus n is posible @ analF th€ ;nreDction bryond E:l ,,/ imagin.d fionri md rc Iöcos ob thc dial.ctic of (rsfer md d€naqtion as a crucial route ro the lndcßtanding oa globaliation. ABi.$ rhn backsround, üansnadon.lity ir onsidee,l o be nothing ebe blt i rpccid (x
If the con@pß of trmsr.tiondity änd dandoalny .nd rhe Khohs vho us th*e conapb hN€ on thing in comhon, tr ß th€n inreqt in hN the pro6 of globaliaiion i5 pqeivcd by the bor rtoE (Hanncu t9r3, p. 24t). I shm ihn ine€t and Nill in thn dhle.how how p'@.tu ot rr:hl.nd d.hng. r pekiv.d bv mrv Hildu Brlin6.. shr i\.J +ir{ rbout the' ongin) - r p{pl.r rd th. @ß of then culture, {d finally how th.n sll- perception äfGcß rhen dadons Nirh rhe Chi.e hjnorig in B2li.
Lo€lion of Locäliry: The L@ 2ed Cuhu€
In tie oniexi of ihe sprial tlm and the n.w terns relaied to ir, rhe tuncn entbrcpologi$ Mffi AngC is onc of tbc no$ i.flu.nflar
Iigß. tsle h6 diEdd ou inention o thc 6ct ihd ft,pend norc add mor. tinc in pl.s of tlsiena: notolwy md m.to, nod md hospiiäj, äiQoft dd süp.m.rkct, Hc cälhd rhcm "non'placs" (,,,-/ta), thu adding yd moüer neologi:n to the spatirl tun md thc 5paa-oic.tcd pdadign rtu rcsufted fron it. A. 'npact of the qtersion of rhae "non-phß", whi.! ß .lwid.ri..d br ä lack of int radion dd tbc eb$ne of a $ße of belongir& n what Augt cdhd iup€nodmior md wbar in rhe Gdmm lfusläiion bffi. t;e,l , (softudc) (Au# 199t.
Beyond üe$ obsmrions on rh. ibt rconbcctednAs of non- pLr!. ,up.'modcrnny.nd $lrrude. rhd. ir rrrher pnrBe in Auges bool th2t is quit€ signi6mr lor tn. rnä!^i6 ol digion md nigoiion in mnsmtionai o! tmloc.l @n&xts. Augö reaeß b tne ids oa thc locdizd sociegr, which he d.üib6 a follo*:
ln rh. .dnol%isr'r idel rcribrr (hn of.rchac o! "bIkwrd" si.ti6), ill mtn de tveRgC (*. ould uy 'rpBDoriK")r
l{Erion id dh. dd 3pd ir 6sy ro r.l .E rh.e n applid ro a.rrlnq ana <Ldciß liL dß divisions, n igndon, urbrnia on do lot inrudc.... B<hind rlll idcr of rL. lo.:liad ci.ty reft da y li6 :noüc ü2t or.oEnEncy or rd{td.y b.I*en .uiur., !€i.ry:nd individu:|, (Aus! rrt, p.4n
Thc idc. of ihe loc,lizd society is, in orhd Mds, onn@d qrh 'h. ,de ofd pLc. *hoe conni.' rnd rcnardrcrion. :li.naio1 ..d csmngem.nt 6tu eo culturc, sociery and individuai aF .ithei mknM or ab*m Fon tbc pcdpdiE of 'lE dhnologi$ (üd beF Auga rcle6 to Mrel M,N r a pbnincnt .xamplc), "d nhnd - a stuI nhnd" ir 1p.der pojsio! su'aac for rhc id.r oa "the localiz€d eciety" (Auga l99t p. t0). Tbe rdon why an nlmd is sü;hbL io ünidng a pdticular rpae with . p.ddlar cutture is obvious "Tne contouß md lionticß of an irltbd c.n be dGignar.d or thcd {ithoot diäcuty" (ibid,). ThcEaore thc e.hnogapher who ir l@ki€ for'lhe loc,liz.d socied wisha "Ibr.rch.thnic gbüp to hN. irs own i,hnd" {ibid.).
It i5, [@4 cruci,l to nor rhar n ir nor only thc cthnogr.ph4 Nho follo* the ida ofa loqliEd iocnty .nd thc inlge ofa
closed md seltuumcienr vond"; bis or h.r objrß cling to rhc em. ia "l .\ r ,hn min 'h.r rhc 'nd'g"nob popubtion, -r' fmIN.onveBo w.ü rh. .Lnnolosij! ' l6ion ,D'd., p. 4-) th6. su+i:ing siniladri6 bcren .rhnologisB dd iaiivc me€e our of thc hd th4 leording ro ^ügd, ihe oBoiatiob of spc rd the foündins of plre arc cxpKions oa 2 coualivc pmdic thar cÄ.wqiß not only Vsc.n Earcheß, bur,ls loel roß (ibid., p. tr) .
Again$ thir beksomd, I i.tetrd to shd how sprce is olgania-d md phe i).ound.d in BJ'. I rilldemon{dE thr Aug...Ug86(ion rhr +. illurioN ofrhc cünogdphe-rnd thc 6nh!a of+r uiv., 6nv.rge io tbc sunption of a dosd and slf-suffrcicnt -o,o, 6uld be appli.d to mmy fthnogrpbca, .t 16r uF io ine spri.l türn, bur nor b .ll .atives. The contDr/ is ihe (s - rt l.dr in the c6e of nr)' Hindu-B{in6e. EEn wher thcy liv. on d islmd - a small isldd", th.n pereprion of thcir origin as I peopL rnd of th. rooß of th.ir Eligion ud cultuft cona very closc to rhe coneption lor which rhe norio. ol rrtubdä? n enhl, Sucb a trnsloc.l self-.onccprion of rhe Hi.du,Brlince [d sone crucb] inpliürions for then rchtioro ro tne erhnic Chin6c md other jocrd
'im., Sp&e and Creation on Ball
Tha! tinc and spacc c pe@ivcd and onceptudiad in B.li in ditreE.t eys is ä 6hnonpl2r in öe erhnogmphy of this island. In rh. @n'exr. hd fo' ,h. pu'poe of 'hi. pap.'. jr i, $+l.,enr o rnow thft rt. n mesuied in B,li uing @ difercnr .dendrß: thc $-cdled Hindu-Balinesc alendrr, vbich counß Nclre slrlünar mobthi acl consnting of 29 or 30 dqs, a.d whos. yd (rz4a) covcß lt5 d2ysi .ld rhe s-call.d Java-Balingc c.leodrn which cornß 30 {els erch onsising of 7 d2),s nd Nhos. )d p@z/ coveß onlr 2l0 drF. All m.jor ritual dents lollow onc olrh6c No calendaß. Sine rh.y divide time up inro diltdeni üniß witi diEeftnr hngrns, the lituqical circle in Bdi digcß trem€ndously aon y€r
s ye* In on )ar, aör cample, rhe nos inpotut holy ,ll's in Bali - N/.pi, oli.n conpard Grh New Y.rr, rnd Gdungr 2.d Klningan, a mixrirre ofAll Sainß a.d All Souß crn 6ll into one nonth, and rhc n* tqr the m.4cns ii. *pdied by dnsr half : ve:r /loris lau uctrd lt) t. p
"lffr The g.n.R pflrpr'on
oarime, n@e4 is cycli@| timc ma/ clapsc, but all living beingr * rcboro ag,in r.d rg2in.'
Tle perception of i/z.r i. Bili llso follo$ I cukudly $.cific mo&. H.r n i: suEcieor b knd rhft rh. onlind poinß ß nor the emc 6 in the !(st, but sMd (,{.r/) rd noud.ii-w.d (tJd, To visn thc $-callcd norh.r temple on B:li, Pün B$rkih, locaed * rhe slops of the .cnüal nountain Cününg Agung, v.$ern visito^ hNe ro lolloN a noriheh, eßün, southeur or w€*ern diftction, depe.ding aron where .hey sa$ Balinc*, on tne rn'Bn. ,lws lo-N rhe.rr dir.01 /,{,r,\, 'ine 'h. mornrrin. are perceired s the Bidcna ofdeitid m.l rhe sc.6 'ne Hlm of dil ao($, adinal poinß ü not oeur.l, bur normriEly qlucd, This is mt6rd in the arcbit(ture of rne ishd: nos r€mpl$.e oii.nrd bMds the nounftins, rhe cndcry dvays bNrds de .cr, In thn mnc'irlird qJ, ii b<om6 oblou.,hr ü d'ndl po'nb on B,li trd. not onl) fo' (pf iJ. bu rßo Io. .p.'i'LJ o'rn'rion (Swellengrebel ,960, p. 36lL).
Ho*€ver, it is.ot o.ly thc oßmiztion of iine ind thc aoubdins of space rÄft difter Nhen it cohca to thc Hindo,BdlincF wodd vicwj the sme is Jso the 6e with Fg.d ro thc origin of hunan b.ings in g€ne.?l md rhe oigin of the B:linese pcoplc in pairiculai Hcft again diFscnc re giv€n: aconling ro Hindu Balinec b.licl Bftnna ücit.d thc cntift ünive6e, all gods, demons, nd humu bciogs. Thcrc w.s no *olution of ninlind, büt nthd r single cr . r ' i on a l r rh r r r l l cd r l l pcop l . in ro b . ins r rhe -m. , 'm- . Brann4 tbc cr..toi als produed the otber god! lik \4shnu, tne prseo€r, md shiu, de .lcs@ye4 bur las he lo$ - * leßt n Bäli his l.adiog ole wirhin tbis üi.ity (Tris*ri orTrimurti) to ShiE (Friederi.n l9tt, p.7). Ths rhe loc.l Eriario. of Hinduism
in B,li i: lomdins ciled Sli%isn. Howfti nMdayr .I god. ol rhe H'ndu-B.lnae p hftn aid. ride by sidc on th. Cunung Mihä Mdu, i harcnly nosbjn ad entre of thc anh, which h6 is cqlird.nt in B.li id thc Günug ,4gürg od in r,mbok in lhe Cun!,g Rinjdi (Phälgumdi 1991, p. 39).
Thi! cration rd, h.ft gtdy sinpli6cd, n{ ben hdded down in t.dirional pdnlarc d6 (l,,rzr), which, lMven ne no turch.nt abour rhe dgin of üc B.lire p@plc, ticir r.lieion dd culturc, T[is n üo not tmtiond in rh. o6.iäl Hindü-S.lin* docüind (ih.c a. only i fcw öf rhm), bu. 4rhs in populd ieligious b€licß th{ find tkir synboli. aprdion in n}rr', nru4 and ßqlmdc, Pär of rLis q,mbolic qpKion is thc yhie hat of, fen.lc clzsc. @ wnon thc Hindu-B€lin@ r.fa s "Chin*
Tho Odgin ot the Balin*.: Tn€ l@mgEptry of an Uneqqat CEUpte
On üc üiBin of üe B:liid pople. Hindu.s,lirse souhipp.ß d rnind.d whcn rhey .nte. a templc in thc suiüd pari of d'e nlod that ü d.diacd to shih (tuh Di.n)- MDv of th6. temolB conftin a @idlr s[rine rhat is rhc hon. of a whir.
Flle!]rEBrcqLdq4p|qof!vtl l lso.fue raft dr rhPr.5bie b red? Pldo o*.c@
womrn rd a black IrÜ- Thd. do cÄ.nc(ß, which älftF apFa as l couple, arc nor rcpßehicd ö.ly by ndk, bur rlso by msume rhrt over rheir wnole body. Since üese fiBu6 aG onsideEd to be holy and po*erful, rhcy arc sacred 6gurcs. Their mne is ß2rcng
&-,{ is a generic nimc ol unknown oigi. tn RGß b a gbup of scrcd 69ü6 alno$ trluiRly conskri.g of @molPhic chaftcß (*ild boa4 'igs .c.), &rA,g on th. othcr hrnd ; Balinae rnd h6 ihe mening oflall . Thc Brmng r:ndüng Ggures ar. t.ll, rnd B:lin$e ac!o6 who dip nu rhcs ligurd to aninat. thed would lili ' hc 'pp . m. o f r le bod) o f ' l -e e $ lhd "g rn pJppdr on 'o tb.n shoüld.ß, with tne sult rhr they rower rcncndously abm odiharr huhan bcinss. 'Iogether with de rvitcn Rngd4 rhe BaroDg h.duDg chucteß arc thc mos influcn al anihtupomorphic fisurcs oo B.li. Büt whon do iney ftprsenr?'
Trling, close look 2r !he* 6guK, ir becons obviour ihrühey rcprc$nt fst of rll differencs: tbc difiereoce beNen man .ml {orrn. sh 'e rd blalr. bedJr.ful .nd ügly. old rnd Jouns d,. A morc generil jonogftF[r no{e€! mun ble turther deails into rmun. dishftll.d vs. coEed i.n, poflding s. ß.ding foßhad md chin, n.ird 6. bulbous nose, pnninenr terh ß. e.igmric snilc dc. AI üse der,jls daiy in,liete tht this hcr.rosdüar i.d nul'icutuEl ouple rcpscbG a videFad dicnotony in Indon$ia: th. dichoromy b.lscn i nobre (r/14) ..d . ru{ic (*@/) chanft4 which in a Nider snse rcfcß o the diffcrene b.tlen culture md nature. Thc aucial poinr h€r€ is thar ii cortdt not ont to oü{ parB of In'lonesia bur rlso ro nany ihdnionr worldwide, ne onjündion here is nd b.Neo mr md cutuE, woma. and nrurc eF{tiv.ly, bur rhe othcr fty abünd: rh. mnan wnh h.r whire *in r.pße.ß rhe nobG (rz&) ch,trk4 who n obvioul/ not o.ly noE dnd.guishcd dm her blick conpanion, bui aßo much old.i This is dsly indiakd by hft lighr or gcy h1n, pe.dulous bress and vom-out arlob.s, Br why do rhc Hindu-Bälinse h2ve r ndk epre$ning rn old, vhite, noble Mnin?'
Aitu.l Oc@iq6, Songs and DialoguB 'lqirh
Egard to tle naning ol Bmng Lndug rhc ditrerent ritual cont* e inpotut in vhich .h. shie l.dy ärd hd bhck mNI naL rh.ir ippaoce, They appendy p.rföm in [email protected] with both c.Ln.laß thd e ß.d in Bdi: rhey Frlom wh.d rl| Hin lu- B,lind. cisd!, *hicI follos rh. $ld-lsr incnals. indiqtd the spriog or autum .quinoa 6 noor etc, On 1 tull moon night n* o Lh. gring equinq rMcl.t , thct & ?ffpri.d o r riar or thc o@, shcr th.y e .or only ridDly ddd in a synbolic wy bnt rßo did.ed bqdr the high M b m Mr: pdrcutr d.m. (Fao C.da Mceling) dd othd rn foß.
Bmns Lndms frgß rlio larc thct uud MFL (AE Dalem) vhen thc J.n-Bdindc cdotu, which LighliBhb p.iti.uh! daF { pati.ular tin. inren:ls {K.jcng r{iwon, for 4dpl.), indiqts dm nisfo@n6 c likely s hrpp.n (d on Fnday tlE thircorh,
y|l*.ofBdb'Fd4|ryqeo'4h!oI
!!3 @!* .@hPi4d 6r hqr.e {d a@ßdFe|.iaddiE6iJeü{;d,
accoding to !tuün concpB) or thar ir b rin€ to honoür tl'c dad md rh€ sinß. Thde holy diis in pdnulü (c.luigm md Klningm) e rhc bieh nn. ofBdong lädu.s rtivirid. Theo üe 6gu6 rft prded drougn de $ce6 oavillags.nd 6wns, and tbc lEb, affited by the msic rhat a@npari6 th* pl6ioß,3rp our of ih.ir hous, PIry md sri6c in arorr oa Bdong kndung ro rceive rhcir porc.tion lor th. sr of th. liturgid rril Heß rgrn n hmm6 obvious L\ar the whift hdy and bs bhck @mP3tuon rc n€ic.lly powqtul, ind sine rhey arc ablc o chdc ail for6 ämt th€y rre sed in dorcisns.ro
In rcturn lor the pEtß md ,acd6c6 thr rhe saong lrdung 6gü16 r&iy. dnring pmcdsioß, th€ vhii. ldy rnd hd black @.ea darce dd si.g io &ont ol the MßhipFß, Th$ rhcy m'nd rhd of ih.ir duti6 d Hindu (Hindü Dhma), reld. edsdd of popul/r rorio /sopiL Ingei\ or deb{( diienr polniel isu6 (likr 6. KlitL Mon.ht cl. G6(Nik 2003). Büt sonetins dry
ako quärEl witn on. motb.r likc i jealor oüph, a.d rhq, ,,,.). *cn errBe in scxu.l äFriß. Ther.for n n posibL ro condü'le th* Biong t nduog liguq {c a unique nixtuft of qorcism abd pomogmphy (Gorcwik 2010).,1
Myths änd Leg€ndsr 'The Sp I t ot Bat ngkang
Conn{ted wirÄ the onrcx( in whicb Baong L.ndung ngur6 mlc thcn $rtch.nß rr nor only .nuü, songs, md dialogue, but also nyrlN rd l€gardi Thdc *oüs arc lnNr in dcldl only by ftv speci.li6, but all woß[ippeß 2r lsr hä€ jb nind rh{ rhe Nhite lädy r.p6enß r Chinese wonan wno is naried ro the bli.k mr.ri Beyord üis phin fäct, nFns,nd legends vary, tltey * nühiple $d co.rndicrory- Bur thc najoriV oa thse mrEtivd en be sunnrized in No difiercni bui El cd kßio.s.
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