Tenses

Tenses bentuk kata kerja yg menunjukkan waktu dari suatu tindakan atau kegiatan Berdasar ada tidaknya kata kerja nyata, kalimat dibagi jadi dua : kalimat nominal dan kalimat verbalKalimat nominalTidak memiliki kata kerja nyata, hanya mempunyai kata kerja penghubung yaitu to be sebagai kata kerja utamanya. am, is, are, was, were, be, been Kalimat verbalMemiliki kata kerja nyata sebagai kata kerja utamanya (main verb). walk, drink, feel, come etc.

Kalimat NominalSubject + is/am/are + complementI am a studentShe is a singerYou are lecturerIkrar and Amin are famous magician

Kalimat VerbalSubject + Verb1/verb-s/-esI go to school every dayYou look happyThey do their work on timeWe like this songHe comes to his house twice a dayHe learns English almost every day

Notes:Jika subyeknya: I, you, we, they, my friends kata kerjanya: verb1 he, she, it, Andi, my friend kata kerjanya: verb-s/es

Mengungkapkankejadian, tindakan atau sesuatu dgn ciri-2 berikut: Kebiasaan2. Kebenaran Umum 3. Terjadwal atau terencana My sister drinks milk every morning They speak English every day The sun rises in the east The world is round The train arrives at 04.00 The shop closes at 09.00

TimeNow

Tanda waktu (Time marker) Every : every day, every morning, every Sunday, every year,Always, never, rarely, sometimes, often, usually. On Sundays, on Fridays In the morning, in the evening

Kalimat NominalSubject + is/am/are + complementI am an university studentShe is a singerYou are director

Kalimat VerbalSubject + Verb1/verb-s/-esI go to school every dayYou look happyThey do their work on timeWe like this songHe comes to his house twice a dayHe learns English almost every day

Digunakan pada:1. Kejadian yg sedang berlangsung2. Kejadian yang akan datang dlm waktu dekat Susi is sleeping at her room now They are watching TV now We are living for Bali tomorrow morning We are coming soon

TimeNow

Kata kerja yg tak bisa (hampir tidak pernah) menjadi verb-ing:

wish want understand remember realize hate hear believebelong taste suppose sound love mean need own forget smell seem see prefer like know appearhave

Time markers now at the moment at present the moment this time

Kalimat NominalSubject + has/have/been + complementI have been here for two hoursThey have been in Malaysia since five years agoHe has been here for years

Kalimat VerbalSubject + has/have + verb3I have lived here for three yearsWe have done our work since yesterdayHe has written this storybookMr. Rusdi has written many books since he graduated from the university

Digunakan ketika mengungkapkan:1. Tindakan atau keinginan yg tlh selesai sebelum now2. Perbuatan atau kegiatan yg dilakukan pd waktu lampau dan msh berkaitan dgn waktu sekarang3. Aktivitas yg tlh selesai dilakukan, namun hasilnya bs dirasakan saat ini She done all the works We have visited some libraries in this town My father has taught Maths since twenty years ago I have waited for my mother for two hours She has read this book. They have seen this film several time.

TimeNow

Time markers Since .: since last week, since 1972 For .: for three months, for two days Already, just, not yet, three times, so far

Kalimat nominalSama dengan Present Perfect TenseSubject + has/have/been + Complement

Kalimat VerbalSubject + has/have/been + verb-ingI have been learning English for twoyearsThe baby has been sleeping three hoursMy sisters has been sleeping since three oclock

Digunakan ketika mengungkapkan:Suatu aktivitas berlangsung cukup lama, dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih terus berlangsung sampai sekarang Contoh:I have been learning English for two years

TimeNow

Time markers Since .: since I was a child since two years ago since we met

For .: for three years for three hours

Kalimat NominalSubject + was/were + complementI was in Bali last weekShe was very happy yesterdayEdwin was here yust nowThey were very excitedWe were very happy

Kalimat VerbalSubject + Verb2 John went to Singapore last monthHe visited me yesterdaayShe wrote a letter to her father last weekI met Linda three days agoThey drank tea this morning

Mengungkapkan Kejadian yg terjd di waktu tertentu di masa lampau2. Kebiasaan atau kejadian yg berulang-ulang di masa lampau Dina was here yesterday He played badminton last SaturdayHe always studied hard when he was a student In the past, smoked almost every day You always cried every day when you were a baby

TimeNow

Tanda waktu (Time marker) YesterdayJust now. Last : last week, last month, last year, last Monday, last February .. ago: three days ago, two weeks ago, two years ago

Kalimat NominalSama dengan Simple Past TenseSubject + was/were + complement

Kalimat VerbalSubject + was/were + verb-ingSusi was listening to the radio when I cameThe young lady was sleeping when her friends arrivedWhen I was writing a story , my mother phonedThe director phoned me when I was attending a meetingIndi was watching television, while Indra was reading a novel

Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan:1. Tindakan di masa lampau yang disela tindakan atau kejadian yg lain 2. Dua kejadian atau tindakan yg terjadi dlm waktu yg sama di masa lampau Susi was watching television when I cameIwan was reading a book while Susan was sitting in the living room3. Kejadian atau tindakan yg sedang berlangsung pd waktu tertentu di masa lampau Doni was studying at eight oclock last night

TimeNow

Time markers when while at

Kalimat NominalSubject + had been + complement He had been here before I came The student had been in the classroom before the lecturer come in

Kalimat VerbalSubject + had + verb 3Didan had gone to the school before he went homeDina drank her tea after she had finished her workBefore Shinta cooked, she had bought meat in the marketDoni had lived in Jakarta for five years before he moved to Surabaya

Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan:1. Tindakan yg terjd sebelum tindakan lain di masa lampau 2. Kejadian atau kondisi atau peristiwa yg berlangsung selama waktu tertentu dimsa lampau, tetapi berhenti sebelum now Didan had gone to the school before he went homeDoni had lived in Jakarta for five years before he moved to Surabaya

TimeNow12

Time markers before after when

Kalimat NominalSubject + had been + complementSama dengan pola Past Perfect Tense

Kalimat VerbalSubject + had + been + verb-ingMy father had been working at the company for twenty years before he retired

TimeNow12

Time markers before for

Kalimat NominalSubject + well/shall + be + complement I shall be here tomorrow They will be very happy because of you She will be there

Kalimat Verbal 1Subject + well/shall + verb 1 The disrector will create a new movie next Sunday They will take an examination tomorrow morning Tantri will travel around Kalimantan next March

Kalimat Verbal 2Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb 1I am going to finish my study next NovemberHe is going to visit Bali next month They are going to see their parents this weekend

Time markerTomorrowNext ..: next week; next month; next yearTonightIn the future This weekend In five days

Kalimat NominalSubject + well/shall + be + complementSama dengan Future Tense

Kalimat Verbal Subject + well/shall + be + verb-ing The disreAt 8 oclock tomorrow, I will be watching my favorite film He will be listening his favorite song at this time tomorrow She will be attending the biologic class at this time next Tuesday

Time markerAt this time omorrowAt nin e oclock tomorrow morningAt the same time tomorrow

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