Temporary - Science Curriculum Office welcomes you to our ... · PDF fileActivity (3) 1- Light a candle. ... (melting ice cream)) a temporary change ... The water cycle happens because

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Curriculum Standards:

5.10.1, 5.10.3, 5.10.5.

Unit M.2

Temporary

And

Permanent

Change

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Lesson 1: Temporary change

Lesson 2: Permanent change

– Skills you will use : – Classifying – Observing

By the end of this unit you should

Define melting and freezing.

Identify temporary and permanent

change.

Classify the changes.

Give examples for each type of change.

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Lesson 1:

Solids melt when they are heated to form a liquid.

If we heat an ice cube, it will change into liquid water.

Liquids freeze when cooled to form a solid.

The ice will change back into liquid if we heat it.

The freezing and thawing of water is an example of

a reversible change or temporary change

Examples of temporary change : أث ػ ارغ١شاخ اؤلر 1- Melting ice cream

رتا اال٠غىش٠

2-Cutting bread

ذمط١غ اخثض

3-Melting candle

رتا اشؼ

When the wax gets hot it melts

and turns into a liquid. When the

wax cools it turns back into a

solid.

Temporary change: the substance changes without producing any

new substance.

. د اراج ادج خذ٠ذج ذرغ١ش ااد: ارغ١شاخ اؤلر

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Activity

Is it a temporary change?

You need: Clay

Ice cube

Candle

Chocolate

Activity (1)

1- Take a ball of clay, form any shape.

2- Can you change it back to the way it was? -------

3- Is there any new matter formed? ----------

Activity (2)

1-Take an ice cube out of the fridge put it on a plate.

2- Leave it for 5 minutes.

3- What do you observe? -----------------------

4-can you turn it back into an ice cube again? ---------

How? -------------

Is there any new matter formed? ---------

Activity (3) 1- Light a candle.

2- What do you observe? -----------

3- Can you turn melted wax to solid state again? --------

4- How? ---------

5- Is there any new matter formed? -------

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Activity (4)

1- Put a small piece of chocolate in a spoon and put it over hot

water

2- What do you observe? -------------------

3- Can you turn it back into solid state again? --------

4- How? ------------------

Is ((melting ice cream)) a temporary change?

-----------------------------------------

Why? ------------------

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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If we heat a raw egg it will change into a cooked egg. Putting it in

the freezer will not change it back into a raw egg. Cooking eggs

results a permanent change.

In a permanent change, materials turn into a completely new and

different material.

The new material cannot be changed back into what it was before.

We call it irreversible change.

Examples of permanent changes: أث غ ارغ١شاخ اذائح : Wood and paper burn into ash. ازرشاق ذسي اخشة اسق ا ساد

Cooking is a permanent change; you can not get اطثخ

the ingredients back once you have cooked them.

For example: flour, water and yeast are baked to make

bread.

Digesting food. ض اطؼا

Permanent change: The substance turns into a completely new material .

.ذرسي اادج ا ادج خذ٠ذج ذاا : ارغ١شاخ اذائ

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Activity 1: 1- Burn a small piece of paper?

2- What do you observe? ----------------------

Properties of paper

before burning

Properties of paper

after burning

3-What kind of change happened? --------------

Why? ----------------

Be careful

Activity 2: 1-Add tea spoon of baking powder to 100 ml of vinegar in the beaker?

2-What do you observe? ----------------------

Properties of vinegar and

backing powder before adding

Properties of vinegar and

backing powder after adding

3- What kind of change happened? --------------

Why? ----------------

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Ask your mother to help you in this activity.

Activity 3: 1-Burn a piece of a magnesium strip.

2-What do you observe? ----------------------

Properties of magnesium before

burning

Properties of magnesium after

burning

3- What kind of change happened? -------------- Why? ----------------

Activity 4: 1- Mix (flour + yeast +water) in a bowl.

2- Bake them in the oven. What do you observe? -------------

Properties of ingredients

before baking

Properties of ingredients

after baking

3- Can you turn the bread back to the ingredients it was made of ?

---------------------------------- Why? --------------------------------

4- Why? ----------------------

/

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Classify the changes in the following pictures into permanent or

temporary changes:

- Give reason to the following statement: اروش اغثة

- Water cycle is a temporary change. دسج ااء ف اطث١ؼ ذؼرثش

ارغ١شاخ اؤلر

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Did you know? Permanent changes are very

useful. We would not be able

to eat bread if it went back to

flour.

Mugs would be completely

useless if they turned back into

clay when they got wet.

Key idea Melting: Changing solid into

liquid.

Freezing: Changing liquid into

solid.

Temporary change =

reversible: The substance

changes without producing

any new substances it can

change back to how it was

before.

Permanent = irreversible: The

substance turns into a

completely new material it

cannot change back to the

way it was.

Project Make a list of

changes that

happen in your

every day life

then classify them

into permanent

and temporary

changes.

Key Questions 1- What will happen to the paper if you burn it? ارا ع١سذز سلؼذا ذسرشق

………………………………………………………………………………………

…

2- Write the type of change : اورة ع ارغ١ش

a- Nail rust صذأ اغاس ……… b-Frying chips ل سلائك اثطاطظ …………

Give reason: اروش اغة

Burning fuel is a permanent change ازرشاق الد ذغ١ش دائ

…………………………………………… Melting butter is a reversible change زر االص١ح رتا اضتذج ذغ١ش ٠ى اسخاػ ي

……………………………………..

Key Words Temporary ؤلد

Permanent دائ

Reversible لات رغ١ش

Irreversible غ١ش لات

رغ١ش

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Unit M.1

Water Curriculum Standards:

5.9.1, 5.9.2, 5.9.3, 5.9.4, 5.9.5,

5.9.6, 5.9.7, 5.9.8, 5.9.9

“We made from water every living thing…”

(Quran - Surat Al-Anbiyaa – The Prophets: 30)

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Lesson 1:

((خؼا ااء و شئ ز : )) ذؼالاي هللا

Plants, animals and people need water to live.

Human beings need about 2 quarts a day to digest food, transport

wastes, keep cells alive, make blood and control body

temperature. We get some of this water by drinking. Some comes

from food -- an apple, for example, is about 3/4 water, and a ripe

tomato is mostly water.

Water is a big part of our everyday lives.

We use water: اعرخذااخ ا١ا

At home -- for drinking, bathing, cooking and cleaning

اطثخ ارظ١ف , االعرسا , ششب –ف اضي

At work -- for example, to help manufacture goods and to

provide power, heating and cooling

رثش٠ذ ارغخ١ , رف١ش اطال , غاػذج ف ارص١غ , تؼط االثح زه --ف اؼ

At play -- for swimming and fishing. للسباحة و الصيد --ف اؼة

Why is water important?

Water is essential for life. ااء س١اج

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Activity: 1- What are the sources of water on the Earth?

-------------------------------------------------------

2- Classify the sources in the table?

Fresh water Salty water

3- Do we have a source of fresh water in Doha?

--------------------------------------------------------

4- Where do we get fresh water from, in Doha?

--------------------------------------------------------

5- List the uses of water?

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------

6-What will happen if you use water in a wrong way?

--------------------------------------------------------------

7-How can we conserve water?

--------------------------------------------------------------

Water is our most precious resource.

We need to conserve it and keep it from pollution.

Some of the water sources are seas, rivers and lakes.

Water Conservation:

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Ways to conserve water: طشق سافظح ػ ا١ا

1- Change your habits: ذغ١ش ػاداذه

A lot of water goes down the drain needlessly.

Think about the amount of water you're using and how you can use

less.

2- Repair leaks. اصالذ ارغشب

A single dripping can waste hundreds, even thousands

of gallons per year. Most leaks are easy to find and repair.

3- Install Water-Saving Devices. ذثث١د االخضج افشج ١ا

To reduce water consuming we should install water saving devices.

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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4-Keeping Water Sources Clean:

اسافظ ػ صادس ا١ا ارز

We use water in our everyday life.

It is important to keep our water supplies clean

and not polluted. If the seas, rivers and lakes are

polluted, we will lose our sources of water, and there

will be shortage of clean water, which will cause

disease and cause living organisms to die.

**Sources of water pollution: صادس ارز

1. Throwing garbage in water sources.

. س اخفاخ ف صادس ا١ا

2. Dumping factory wastes in water. . اماء فا٠اخ اصاغ ف ا١ا

3. Oil spills from tankers. ذغشب افظ تشا١ افظ

4. Sewage is a major source of water pollution.

اداس صذس ا رز

One way to reduce water pollution is to conserve or to use

less water.

ا. ازذ طشق ذم١ ذز ا١اج اسافظ ػ ا١اج أ اعرخذا و١اخ ل١

Idea:

Using water at home pollutes water; it is a good idea to recycle that

water to use it for gardening.

Think of other ways to conserve water and prevent our seas, rivers

and lakes from pollution.

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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The

Did you know?

Water that is fit to drink still contains minerals. The minerals can be seen

in a kettle when it has been used for some time. they have been left

behind as the water has boiled and evaporated .unless the kettle is

cleaned it will take a long time to boil the water .some people prefer to

reduce the amount of minerals in the water before drinking or boiling it.

This is done by using a water filter.

Key Ideas: Water is essential for life.

Sources of pollution are:

Throwing garbage, factory waste, sewage, oil tankers.

Key Words: Water conservation

اسافظح ػ ا١ا

Pollution ارز

Key Questions:

1- List the ways to conserve water: ػذد طشق اسافظح ػ ا١ا

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

2- Write the uses of water: اورة اعرخذااخ ا١ا

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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The Water Cycle Lesson 2:

The water cycle happens because of the ability of water to change

state:

What will happen if you boil water on the stove?

It will evaporate. It changes from liquid to gas or vapor.

In Nature, the sun acts as the stove, the heat from the sun will

evaporate water from the seas and water surfaces and change

it to water vapor that will rise in the air.

Can you get the liquid water back?

If the water vapor cools down again, it condenses back to water.

As the water vapor rises up in the sky where it is cooler,

it will condense and water droplets are formed in what we

know as clouds.

Evaporation

• Process by which liquid changes into vapor. .عملة تحول السائل الى بخار الماء : ارثخش

Condensation

• Process by which vapor changes into liquid. عملة تحول البخار الى سائل: ارىث١ف

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Water can change into solid and then back into liquid, can change

from liquid to gas and then back into liquid. These change are

called reversible

Investigating Condensation:

You are going to investigate water vapor condensing into a liquid.

You will need:

Ice cube

A container of warm water

Cling film

Procedure:

1. Place the ice cubes in the centre of a cling film stretched over

a container of warm water.

a. What do you think will happen? Record your predictions

………………………………………………………………………

b. Carry out the investigation.

2. Touch the cling film to see how warm it is in different parts.

3. Observe the inside of the cling film.

4. Explain where the droplets came from.

……………………………………………………………………………...

Ice ثلج

Melts ذوبان

Boils غلان

Condenses

Water

Water Vapor بخار الماء

Freezes

تجمد

تكثف

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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5. Compare between your observations and what you learned

about the Water Cycle.

.........................................................................................................

Have you ever wondered where rain comes from? It comes from the seas and oceans, but how?

The diagram below shows how this happens through a process

called Water Cycle.

1- The water at the surface of lakes and seas changes from

liquid to gas and evaporates.

Near the hills, water vapor rises until it reaches the cooler air

higher up.

. (ػ١ح ارثخش) ار تتغر من الحائله السائلة الى الحالة الغازةالماه على سطح البحرات والبح

2- Because water vapor is cooler, some of it condenses that

means changes from vapor to liquid and forms water

droplets. We see these as clouds.

اساح اغاص٠ح ا اغائح ذرى لطشاخ ااء س٠رغ( ٠رىثف ) ال تخاس ااء تاسد تؼط

3- When the water droplets are large enough, they fall as rain

precipitation. ػ شى أطاس ػذا ذصثر لطشاخ ااء وث١شج ذغمظ.

4- The rain that falls finds its way into streams and river.

. اطش ارغالظ ٠دذ طش٠م ا االاس

5- Snow also falls. It will melt and reach the river.

. ٠زب ٠ص ا االاس ,غذا ٠رغالظ اثح

6- The rivers flow into lakes or the sea and it collected.

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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If it is very cold, they may freeze and fall as snow.

(. ذد١غ ) االاس ذصة ف ااثساس

Key Questions

1- Complete the following diagram: او اشع اث١ا

2- Complete the sentence او اد االذ١:

a- Clouds are made when water vapor ------------- in the

air. . ف ااء ------------٠رى اغساب ػذا تخاس ااء

b- Wind and heat from the sun help water from the sea to -

------- . ----------------اش٠اذ اسشاسج اشظ ذغاػذ اء اثسش ػ

Key Words: Water cycle

دسج ا١ا ف اطث١غ

Condensation

ػ١ح ارىث١ف

Evaporation

ػ١ح ارثخش

Key Ideas: The changing state of water that

causes the formation of rain and

snow from earth's water surfaces is

called the water cycle.

The physical changes of water

involved in the water cycle are Evaporation, condensation and

freezing.

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Lesson 3:

1-Boiling point of water 2- Water is a solvent ااء ز٠ة دسخح غ١ا ا١ا

1. Boiling point of water:

a. Heating water to 100 c o makes it boil.

When water boils it turns into a gas we

Normally call it steam or water vapor.

.٠دؼ ٠غ 100ذغخ١ ااء ا

b. The boiling Temperature of water

at atmospheric pressure is 100 C o

Boiling point of water is: The temperature at which water changes to vapor. . دسخح اسشاسج ار ٠رسي ػذا ااء ا تخاس : دسخح غ١ا ااء

The Pressure of air on the earth is called Atmospheric pressure. It is

measured with a special instrument called the Barometer.

. ٠ماط تأدا خاصح ذغ اثاسرش , اضغظ ػ االسض ٠غ اضغظ اد

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Activity (1)

1- Heat some water in a beaker over a hot plate.

2- Take readings of temperature every minute using

a thermometer.

3- Record your results in the table.

4- Record your results in the table.

5- Draw the graph that represents the rising temperature of

water in time.

Time in

minutes

o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Temperature

in c o

Time in

minutes

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Temperature

in c o

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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2. Water is a Solvent: ااء وز٠ة

Let us know what the difference between melting and

dissolving is:

So,

When some solids are added to water they seem to

Disappear, they dissolve in the water.

a. Some solids like sugar and salt dissolve in water.

The sea is an example on how water can dissolve

some materials. The salty water of the sea is a

mixture of water and salt dissolved in it.

b. Some solids like sand and chalk do not dissolve in water.

Dissolving: needs two substances – a solute and a solvent. (ر ائة ز٠ة )٠سراج ا ادذ١ :االراتح

For example:

1- Sugar & black coffee. اغىش ام اغداء

2- Tea bag & water. ااء + أو١اط اشا

Write another examples here…………………………………….

Melting: needs only one substance ٠سراج ا ادج ازذج :رتا

For example:

1- Ice cream in a hot day. اال٠غىش٠ ف ٠ زاس

2- Butter in a frying pan. اضتذج ف امال

Write another examples here……………………………………

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Activity 1:

1- Put tea spoon of salt in the beaker.

2- Add 100 ml of water to the beaker.

3- Stir using a glass stirring rod.

4- What do you observe? ………………………

5- Which substance was dissolved?................

We call it solute

6- Salt dissolves in ………………….

Water is a solvent.

Activity 2:

1- Put spoon of soil in a beaker.

2- Add 100 ml water.

3- Stir.

4- What do you observe? ……………

5- We conclude that some solids dissolve in water

like…………..some solids do not dissolve in water at all like

……………….

c. Water is not the only solvent. There are other types of solvents

in which substances can dissolve. Examples of other solvents

are: petrol and methylated spirits.

Water is a good solvent but not all substances dissolve in it. . ااء ز٠ة خ١ذ ى ال ذزب ت خ١غ ااد

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Key Ideas:

Water is a liquid that boils and evaporates at 100 ◦ C under

atmospheric pressure.

Water is a solvent.

Key Questions: Water boils at --------------. Once it reaches this temperature it

won’t get hotter until it’s all boiled away into gas.

ػذا ٠ص ز اذسخح ٠غخ أوثش ٠رسي ااء ا غاص . ----------٠غ ااء ػذ

The water freeze at--------- oC. -------------ااء ٠ردذ ػذ

List two materials that dissolve in water and two materials that do

not dissolve in water in the table below:

ػذد ادذ١ ذزب ف ااء ادذ١ الذزب ف ااء

Materials dissolve in water Materials do not dissolve in water

Key Terms:

Boiling point دسخح اغ١ا

Atmospheric pressure

اضغظ اد

Barometer اثاسرش

Solvent ز٠ة

Solute زاب

Dissolving

Project:

Collect some examples for

another solvent in Qatar.

You can get a help from

Qatar petrochemical

factory.

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Lesson 4 :

Imagine that you are on a desert island.

There is no fresh water for you to drink; only sea

water, which is a solution of salt in water.

How could you separate the water and the salt to

get drinking water?

If you boiled the water, it would turn into a vapor.

The salt would be left behind. To get drinking water, we

can use a process called distillation. This is shown in the

diagram below.

Activity:

2- The salt doesn’t boil it starts to

form crystals at the bottom of the

flask.

على شكل غل وبدأ يالملح ال بلورات ف الجزء السفل من .القارورة 1. The salty water is heated

until it boils when it boils;

the water turns into a

gas. We call this gas

water vapor. ٠ر ذغخ١ ا١ا ا دسخح اغ١ا ػذا

( تخاس ااء ) ٠رسي ااء ا غاص ٠غ

3- The water vapor starts to travel down the

condenser. This cools the vapor and it

condenses back into liquid water.

. وبدأ بخار الماء ف السفر إلى أسفل المكثف هذا برد البخار وتكثف مرة أخرى ف الماء

The water runs down the condenser -4 السائل ،

and drips into the beaker.

وتنساب الماه أسفل المكثف والقطرات .ف كوب

5-This water is pure. It has no other

substances in it. We call this pure

water. الذسر ػ اد أخش , زج ا١ا ام١ح

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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1- What happens to the sea water in the flask?

------------------------------------------------------------------

2- What happens to the water vapor in the condenser?

-------------------------------------------------------------------

3- What is the taste of water in the beaker?

-------------------------------------------------------------------

We call this process …………..………………….…………………

Distillation = …………………………… +…………………………….

We use this process to separate…………….. from………………

to get……………………… water.

4- Name the distillation station in Doha?

------------------------------------------

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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The photo shows a distillation plant in Doha that is used to turn sea

water into drinking water.

Water Distillation for an entire country to drink pure water

requires a lot of energy:

ذمط١ش ا١ا ثذ تأوح ٠سراج ا اىث١ش اطال

1. Energy is needed to boil the water.

سراج اطال غ١ا ااء -

2. Cold water is needed in the condensation step of the

distillation. Changing water and cooling it requires a lot of

energy.

. سراج ااء اثاسد ف خطج ارىث١ف ف ػ١ح ذم١ح ا١ا -

. ذغ١ش ا١اج ذثش٠ذج ٠سراج ا اىث١ش اطال -

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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In order to reduce the cost of energy the distillation plant must find

ways to reduce the energy requirements:

Ways to save energy sources in distillation plant in Qatar:

: طشق ساظح ػ اطال ف سطاخ ذم١ح ا١ا ف لطش

1-Recycling the waste heat from producing

electricity

إػادج ذذ٠ش افا٠اخ اسشاسج اراج اىشتاء

in order to heat the water and boil it so that it

turns to vapor.

2-Reducing the boiling temperature of water

by reducing اسذ دسخح زشاسج غ١ا ااء

the atmospheric pressure. Reducing the boiling temperature would

save a lot of heating energy.

3-Use sea water as a coolant for condensation.

١ا اثسش رثش٠ذ ػ ارىث١فاعرخذا

Getting Pure Water:

The distillated water is pure. It only has one substance in it if you

boil pure water, all the water will turn to water vapor. Nothing will be

left behind in the flask. Water that contains another substance, such

as salt or chalk, is not pure. If you boil this water, the salt or chalk

will be left behind.

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Activity: Evaporate a sample of seawater by leaving it in a dish to evaporate

slowly.

Look carefully at the product using a magnifying glass to see if

there is more than one kind of crystals in it.

One way of working out whether a liquid is

pure or not, is by heating the liquid until it evaporates. If any solid is

left behind then it is not a pure liquid, it is a solution. (Solids don’t

evaporate).

Distilled Water: This is pure –it leaves no solid

behind when it evaporates

اء م ال٠رشن أ اد صث : ااء امطش

ػذا ٠رثخش

Tap Water: This is not pure water – it contains

dissolved minerals.

أ ٠سر --ز ١غد ١ا م١ح اصثسمياه

المعادن الذائبةعلى

Sea water contains dissolved Substances, mainly salt.

Grade 5 Unit M.2/M.1 – Making Things by Changing Materials & Water

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Key Words: Distillation ذس١ح ا١ا

Pure water اء م

Project: Write a report describing the

process of getting drinking water

from seawater in Qatar

Key Ideas: In Qatar we get drinking water from the sea water.

The way to separate the salt from water is called

distillation.

Distillation involves evaporation of sea water and then

condensation of the pure water.

There are many ways to reduce the cost of energy in a

distillation plant:

o Reducing the boiling temperature by reducing the

atmospheric pressure. In the step of evaporation.

o Using sea water as a coolant for the step of condensation.

Key Question:

1- Compare between: لا ت١

Distillated water ااء اس

Tap Water اء اصثس

Substances ااد

After boiling تؼذ اغ١ا

2- Write two ways to conserve energy: اروش طش٠مر سافظح ػ اطال

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