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Temporal and Infratemporal
Fossaeoramosmd
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Infratemporal Fossa
Boundaries: Anterior: posterior surface of the maxilla
Posterior: styloid process
Medial: lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
Lateral: ramus and coronoid process of themandible
Roof: greater wing of the sphenoid
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Infratemporal fossa contents
1. temporalis m. 2. Lateral and medial pterygoid muscle 3. pterygoid plexus 4. mandibular nerve 5. maxillary A. 6. chorda tympani 7. Otic ganglion
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Temporal Fossa
Boundaries: Anterior: zygomatic process of the frontal bone and frontal process of the zygoma.
Posterior: temporal line
Superior: temporal line
Inferior: zygomatic arch
Floor: parts of the frontal,parietal, temporal,andgreater wing of the sphenoid.
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Muscles of mastication
1. Medial pterygoid Elevates and protracts the mandible
2. Lateral pterygoid Depresses and protracts the mandible
3. Masseter Elevates and retracts the mandible
4. Temporalis Elevates and retracts the mandible
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D. Nerves of the ITF
A. Mandibular division of the trigeminalnerve
Exits through the foramen ovale. Provides innervation to the lower teeth and lower part of the
face below the lower lip and mouth.
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Branches:1. Meningeal branch
2. Muscular branches
3. Buccal nerve
4. Auriculotemporal nerve
5. Lingual nerve
6. Inferior alveolar nerve
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B. The otic ganglion receives preganglionic PS fibers from the CN 9,
tympanic plexus, and lesser petrosal nerve . Branches into auriculotemporal nerve innervating
the Parotid gland.
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Freys syndrome(gustatory sweating): Usually a complication of superficial
parotidectomy. produces flushing and sweating instead of
salivation in response to taste of food resulting from injury of the auriculo temporal nerve.
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The Parotid gland
Largest salivary gland Encased by the superficial layer of the deep
cervical fascia.
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Separated from the submandibular gland bythe stylomandibular ligament.
Dumbbell shaped. It contains predominantly serous secreting
acinar cells.
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The Parotid( stensens )duct: Arises from the anterior border of the gland as a
termination of various extraglandular ductules. It traverses the masseter and located about
1.5cm below the zygoma. It penetrates the buccinator muscle and empties
into the oral cavity opposite the upper 2 nd molar.
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Blood supply of the parotid
Supplied by the TRANVERSE FACIAL ARTERYwhich is a branch of the ECA.
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Venous drainage
The parotid gland empties via theretromandibular vein and into the EJV.
It also drains via the Common facial vein andeventually through the IJV.
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Lymphatic drainage
Via the superficial and deep cervical systems. Unlike other salivary glands, Lymph Nodes are
contained within the parenchyma of theParotid gland.
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Facial nerve
It emerges from the stylomastoid foramen . Before it enter the parotid gland, It gives
branches to the stylohyoid, postauric ular andposterior belly of the digastric muscles.
The parotid gland is separated into superficialand deep lobes by the facial nerve.
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The facial nerve divides at the pes anserinusto form the:
Temporofacial branches
Cervicofacial branches
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Temporofacial branches: Temporal, Zygomatic and Buccal
branches Cervicofacial branches:
Mandibular and cervical branches.
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General characteristics:
The mandibular branch: exits the glanddistally and pass superficial to the facial vein.
The Buccal branch courses parallel to thestensens duct.
The zygomatic branch crosse the zygomaover the periosteum.
The temporal branch runs parallel andsuperficial to the superficial temporal artery.
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VI. Joints and ligaments of theinfratemporal region
1. Temporomandibular joint 2. Pterygomandibular raphae
3. Stylomandibular ligament
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TMJ
It is a pressure bearing DOUBLE synovial jointand constitutes a compound joint involving 3 ormore bones.
Components: Squamous part of the temporal bone Mandibular condyle Articular capsule Articular disc Joint ligaments Synovial membrane
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Blood supply of the TMJ
Superficial temporal artery Deep auricular and masseteric arteries from
the maxillary artery.
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Venous drainage
Temporomandibular veins then via theretromandibular vein.
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Innervation
Motor: mandibular division of the CN V Sensory: auriculotemporal, masseteric and
posterior deep temporal nerve.
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Principle movements
The mandible: A. Forward-backward movement.
B. Opening-closing movement. C. lateral movement.
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Next topic.
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