Temple of horus(dell n faiz)

GROUP : FAIZ KAMARUDDIN850117- 08 - 5759 DARELL WONG870121-12-5125

ANCIENT EGYPT :TEMPLE OF HORUS

Temple of Horus

INTRODUCTIONLocated on the west bank of the Nile, Edfu is at a midway point between Luxor and Aswan. After Karnak, it is the second largest temple in Egypt; it is also one of the best preserved. Construction began under Ptolemy III Euergetes in the 3rd century BCE but the temple was not completed until the 1st century BCE.

BACKGROUNDTEMPLE OF HORUSThe Temple of Edfu is very

dramatic. It is dedicated to Horus and was built in Greco Roman times. Horus was the god of the sky whose eyes were the sun and the moon. He became equated with the king, and therefore the King was Horus manifest.The Temple of Edfu was built on the site of a temple dating from the New Kingdom, but very little of the older temple is left. The existing temple is oriented in an entirely different direction, so that the remains of the earlier pylon are built into one of the side walls of the existing templeThe temple can give the visitor the emotional experience of visiting a active temple in ancient times because of its size and the existence of the First Pylon which dwarfs those who approach. Unfortunately, today, the visitor approaches the temple from the side, and you should be sure to walk out a good distance in front of the First Pylon to fully enjoy the experience of approaching this building.

The god Horus was worshipped at Edfu. It is an ancient cult site and believed by the Egyptians to be the site of a famous battle between Set the God of Chaos and Horus. Horus won the battle which avenged the murder of his father and his own murder by Set. In legend Set killed his brother Osirius to obtain the throne of Pharaoh, but was thwarted in his plan by Isis, who managed to conceive a son, Horus. Set then set about killing Horus. The legends get a bit confused, but in the end Horus arose from the underworld and took on Set in battle, and it was at Edfu that he defeated Set. 

Edfu is located near Hierakonpolis or ancient Nekhen was a major pre-dynastic city. The Narmer Palette was found there. It has been a cult center for Horus since ancient times.

Characteristics of the Temple of Horus at Edfu Egypt

1. Approach along the West wall of the Temple of Horus at Edfu.

2. Gods along the West wall of the Temple of Horus and Edfu.3. Reliefs on the back of the first pylon of the Temple of Horus at Edfu.

4. In the First Court looking toward entrance to Hypostyle Hall of the Temple of Horus at Edfu.5. Walking through Hypostyle Hall toward the sanctuary of Temple of Horus at Edfu.

6. Relief of the Sacred Barque of Horus at Temple at Edfu.

Entrance pylon

Masts with banners

courtyard

god Horus

Columns of the first courtyard

Entrance moving to the rear of the temple

Reliefs of deities

Reliefs of offerings

Funereal reliefs

Views of the back (right: looking toward front pylon)

Analysis of the building

SECTION A

SECTION B

FRONT ELEVATIONPLAN

Architectural elements

Architraves

Architraves (from Latin trabs, beam) are the main beams resting across the tops of the columns. In ancient Egypt no attempts were made to cover pillared halls with arches.

Corbels

Corbels were widely used in stone buildings; and corbelled arches continued to be constructed a long time after the true arch had been invented. They can be found in pyramids and occasionally in temples. The use of corbelled instead of true arches limited the width that could be spanned, but required less dressing of stones.

False Doors

In tombs and temples for the dead there were niches for offerings, the back walls of which were given the form of doors. They served as a pathway between the living and the dead by which the Ka and the other spiritual parts of the deceased could communicate with the world of the living.

Flagpoles

Flagpoles were often erected in pairs close to the façade of a temple or a palace wall, on either side of a gate or a window.Flagpoles at AkhetatenSource: Richard Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien

Architectural elements

Foundations

Stone buildings were often erected on rock surfaces. When foundations had to be laid, the building pit was first filled with water and the resulting horizontal lines were marked on the walls.

Friezes and cornices

Friezes, sculpted or painted horizontal decorative bands rather than the Greek and Roman entablature between architrave and cornice, were occasionally used to mark the upper limit of a wall

Architectural elements

Pavements

Unlike floors in private homes which were never paved in Pharaonic times, temple courtyards and floors were often covered with flagstones

Pillars

barely adorned granite columns, pillars evolved into stone plants: trunks of palm trees and bundles of lotus plants, reeds or papyrus.

Architectural elements

Pylons

pylons were towerlike structures flanking temple entrances reminiscent of the mountains on the horizon between which the sun rose every morning. Their importance was mostly symbolic and possibly aesthetic.

Window of Appearances

Occasionally kings had to show themselves to their subjects, perform public ceremonies like the dispensing of the Gold of Honour, but generally preferred to keep their distance. A solution was the use of the window of appearance let into the façade of the palace.

Architectural elements

REFERENCES OR SOURCE

WEBSITE-http://www.bluffton.edu

-http://www.suziemanley.com-http://www.greatbuildings.com

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