Tempest Express 26 Disaster Stakeholders in the Pacific Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Jesse Wolfe, DMHA Advisor Noumea, New Caledonia 2 April 2015
Jan 11, 2016
Tempest Express 26
Disaster Stakeholders in the PacificCenter for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance
Jesse Wolfe, DMHA Advisor
Noumea, New Caledonia
2 April 2015
The Challenge
1. Duplication of Efforts2. Host Nation Fatigue3. Information Sharing 4. Trust & Transparency5. Disparate data in multiple domains6. Seek unity of effect with a diverse group of actors:- Affected state- Civilian agencies- International community- NGOs - Assisting state militaries
Disaster Anatomy - Definition
A serious disruption of the functioning of society which poses a significant, widespread threat to human life, health, property or the environment, whether arising from accident, nature or human activity, whether developing suddenly or as the result of long term processes, but excluding armed conflict.
Disaster Anatomy - Definition
A serious disruption of the functioning of society which poses a significant, widespread threat to human life, health, property or the environment, whether arising from accident, nature or human activity, whether developing suddenly or as the result of long term processes, but excluding armed conflict.
Disaster Anatomy - Effects
Causes significant loss of life, material, property
Causes disruption in the functioning of a society
Exceeds ability of the society to cope with or absorb the damage
Affects livelihoods and economy; requires prolonged recovery
ResponsePreparedness
RecoveryRisk Reduction
DISASTER
Disaster Risk Management Cycle
Military Impact
Military Impact Military Impact
ResponsePreparedness
RecoveryRisk Reduction
DISASTER
Response Phase
Emergency services conducted in the phase immediately following the onset of the disaster to minimize the hazards created by the disaster.
Disaster Risk Management Cycle
ResponsePreparedness
RecoveryRisk Reduction
DISASTER
Recovery Phase
The restoration and improvement, where
appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions of disaster-affected communities,
including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.
Disaster Risk Management Cycle
ResponsePreparedness
RecoveryRisk Reduction
DISASTER
Risk Reduction Phase
Minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid or to limit adverse impact of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development.
Disaster Risk Management Cycle
ResponsePreparedness
RecoveryRisk Reduction
DISASTER
Preparedness Phase
Society takes active measures to anticipate, ensure effective responses to the most likely disruptive scenario and transition to sustained recovery.
Disaster Risk Management Cycle
Affected Population
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An affected population is a group of people who are directly impacted by a conflict or a disaster.
Refugees Internally
Displaced PersonsStateless Persons
Vulnerable Persons
People who have a fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership to a social group or political opinion, and are outside their country of nationality.
Have been forced to flee their homes to avoid the effects of armed conflict, violence, violation of human rights, or disaster.
People who are not considered a national by any state.
People who are vulnerable to hardships or undue influence, or have special needs, due to age, gender, ethnicity, infirmity, or unique situation.
Affected Population
Internally Displaced Persons
Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee.
• 26.4 million in 2011• 28.8 million in 2012• 33.3 million in 2013
• IDPs outnumber refugees 2 to 1
• No single international agency has responsibility for response
• Estimated 50 million IDPs every year due to natural disasters
Nat’l Red Cross/Red Crescent
Humanitarian County Team
NGOs
Nat’l NGOs
Host Govt.Agencies
Disaster StrikesDonor
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
DonorDonor
Donor
NGO
NGO
NGO
“Fog of Relief”
Military
Forces
National DisasterManagement Organization
Local EmergencyManagement
Agency(LEMA)
AustraliaEmbassy
Multi-National
Coordination Center
Food Aid Cluster
Other Clusters
Logistics Cluster
WASH Cluster
ASSISTING STATES AFFECTED STATE INTERNATIONALCOMMUNITY
ADF
AffectedState
Military
UN
, R
ed C
ross
Mov
emen
t, I
nt’l
Org
aniz
atio
ns,
NG
Os
FrenchEmbassy
USEmbassy
JTF
Humanitarian Country Team
PACOM
NZEmbassy
Affected State
• The Affected State is an independent nation whose sovereignty and integrity shall be respected.
• The Affected State, is in the lead, but overwhelmed in its ability to manage the response.
• International relief operations shall be conducted only at the request or consent of the Affected State.
• The Affected States National Disaster Management structures provide the framework for international response.
• Effective delivery of humanitarian assistance will:
– Provide for the needs of the Affected State, with special emphasis on the needs of women, children, and persons most vulnerable;
– Be consistent with internationally recognized standards; and
– Be provided by trained personnel with the involvement of the affected population and in a manner respectful of the local customs, religions, and culture.
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Affected State Responders
National Disaster Management Organization
Supporting ministries/departments
Provincial (state) and local governmental organizations
Police
Military
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Affected State
• An affected state is more likely to welcome assistance than request it.
• Almost every country has a National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO).
• Collaboration between the affected state militaries and the civilian branches of government varies considerably.
• We want the “face” of the affected state at the forefront.
Face of the Disaster
National DisasterManagement Organization
Local EmergencyManagement
Agency(LEMA)
AustraliaEmbassy
Multi-National
Coordination Center
Food Aid Cluster
Other Clusters
Logistics Cluster
WASH Cluster
ASSISTING STATES AFFECTED STATE INTERNATIONALCOMMUNITY
ADF
AffectedState
Military
UN
, R
ed C
ross
Mov
emen
t, I
nt’l
Org
aniz
atio
ns,
NG
Os
FrenchEmbassy
USEmbassy
JTF
Humanitarian Country Team
PACOM
NZEmbassy
International Community
UN Cluster System
Sector or Area of Activity Global Cluster Lead Symbol
Food Security UN Food and Agriculture Organization World Food Program
Camp Coordination UN High Commissioner for RefugeesInternational Organization for Migration
Early Recovery UN Development Program
Education UN Children’s Fund Save the Children UK
Emergency Shelter UNHCR and International Federation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent Society
Emergency TelecommunicationsUN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs (owns process), World Food Program (telecoms)
Health World Health Organization
Logistics World Food Program
Nutrition UN Children’s Fund
Protection UN High Commissioner forRefugees
Water, Sanitation, Hygiene UN Children’s Fund
Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)
7 Technical Divisions
- Geosciences (SOPAC)- Public Health- Economic Development- Social Development- Fisheries, Aquaculture, and
Marine Ecosystems- Land Resources- Statistics
A 26 member regional and intergovernmental
organization.
Develop the technical, professional, scientific, research, planning and management capability of Pacific Island people and directly provide information and advice, to enable them to make informed decisions about their future development and well-being.
Nongovernmental Organizations
• NGOs are not part of:– Any government– The UN– The Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement
• Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters
• Diverse in size, structure, motive, resources, function & mission
• National or international; secular or faith-based• Funded by grants or private donations• Essential to humanitarian operations:
– Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects– One of the first responders to arrive, last to leave– Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors
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International Red Cross/Crescent Movement
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
International Federation of Red Cross and Crescent (IFRC)
National Societies of Red Cross and Crescent
CONFLICT
DISASTER
CONFLICT and DISASTER
HUMANITY
• Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found, with particular attention to the most vulnerable in the population, such as children, women and the elderly. The dignity and rights of all victims must be respected and protected
NEUTRALITY
• Humanitarian assistance must be provided without engaging in hostilities or taking sides in controversies of a political, religious or ideological nature.
INDEPENDENCE
• Humanitarian action must be autonomous from the political, economic, military or other objectives that any actor may hold with regard to areas where humanitarian action is being implemented
The Fundamental Humanitarian Principles
National DisasterManagement Organization
Local EmergencyManagement
Agency(LEMA)
AustraliaEmbassy
Multi-National
Coordination Center
Food Aid Cluster
Other Clusters
Logistics Cluster
WASH Cluster
ASSISTING STATES AFFECTED STATE INTERNATIONALCOMMUNITY
ADF
AffectedState
Military
UN
, R
ed C
ross
Mov
emen
t, I
nt’l
Org
aniz
atio
ns,
NG
Os
FrenchEmbassy
USEmbassy
JTF
Humanitarian Country Team
PACOM
NZEmbassy
Why Military Assistance?
Rapidly deployable even in austere environments
Unique and critical capabilities
Self-sustaining expeditionary units
Familiarity working with military partners
Unique Capabilities
Heavy airlift
Air traffic management
Engineering / Heavy construction
Technical Assistance
Relief – water production and utilities
Logistics and Supply
Medical
Search and Rescue
What can the military do?
Considerations for Use of Foreign Military
Advantages• Timely unique capabilities• Strong organization and
discipline• Self-sustaining• Complex logistics experience
and capabilities
Disadvantages• Perception-not the “face” to
present to affected population• May not be as culturally
knowledgable• May create dependencies• Adverse impact • Expensive
International Disaster Response
• Local authorities are primarily responsible for relief aid to their civilians.• If the response is done correctly, local capacity is increased to handle future crises.
Ne
ed
fo
r A
ssis
tan
ce
Crisis
International Civilian Relief
Military
Local / National Response
Time
Transition Point
Types of Military Assistance
Direct AssistanceYou give me the high-energy biscuit
Indirect AssistanceYou drive the truck to deliver the biscuits
to the NGO, let NGO give me the biscuit
Infrastructure Support You repair the bridge so the NGO can drive
the truck to my village and give me the biscuit
Questions?Address: Building 76
456 Hornet Avenue
Joint Base Pearl Harbor
Hawaii 96860
Web: www.cfe-dmha.org
Telephone: (808) 472-0515