Learn Telugu through English – Telugu Writing, Speaking & Grammar Lessons – eBook (Vol. 1) - By Praveen Ragi www.praveenragitelugu.com 17 Telugu Writing Lesson: About the Telugu Alphabet Today, you are going to learn about the ‘Varnamala’ or ‘Aksharamala’ in Telugu. That means the alphabet in the Telugu language. As I told in our previous lesson, Telugu Varnamala is divided into three parts. They are vowels, consonants and ubhayaksharalu. Ubhayaksharalu in Telugu are full zero (‘౦’) (in Telugu we say, న (sunna), half zero (‘ ’) (in Telugu we say, అరన [arasunna]) and సర గ (visarga) (‘ ’). Like English, Telugu also contains both vowels and consonants. In English there are only five vowels, but in Telugu, there are 16 vowels. But, only 14 are in usage, actually ‘ ౠ’ (‘RU’) also is not in use as it does not contain any words. However, I am giving it in the list for your easy recognition. In English, vowels are not in order i.e. ‘a’ is the first vowel and the first letter, but the next vowel ‘e’ is the fifth letter. There are three letters b, c, and d (the consonants) in between ‘a’ and ‘e’. But there is no such problem in Telugu. All vowels are in sequence from ‘అ’ (a) to ‘ఔ’ (au). After that consonants began. So there will be no confusion in identifying and differentiating vowels and consonants.
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Learn Telugu through English – Telugu Writing, Speaking & Grammar Lessons – eBook (Vol. 1) - By Praveen Ragi
www.praveenragitelugu.com 17
Telugu Writing Lesson: About the Telugu Alphabet Today, you are going to learn about the ‘Varnamala’ or ‘Aksharamala’ in Telugu. That means the alphabet in the Telugu language.
As I told in our previous lesson, Telugu Varnamala is divided into three parts. They are vowels, consonants and ubhayaksharalu.
Ubhayaksharalu in Telugu are full zero (‘౦’) (in Telugu we say, సున్న (sunna), half zero (‘ ’) (in Telugu we say, అరసున్న
[arasunna]) and విసర గ (visarga) (‘ ’).
Like English, Telugu also contains both vowels and consonants. In English there are only five vowels, but in Telugu, there are 16 vowels.
But, only 14 are in usage, actually ‘ౠ’ (‘RU’) also is not in use as it does not contain any words.
However, I am giving it in the list for your easy recognition. In English, vowels are not in order i.e. ‘a’ is the first vowel and the first letter, but the next vowel ‘e’ is the fifth letter. There are three letters b, c, and d (the consonants) in between ‘a’ and ‘e’.
But there is no such problem in Telugu. All vowels are in sequence from ‘అ’ (a) to ‘ఔ’ (au).
After that consonants began. So there will be no confusion in identifying and differentiating vowels and consonants.
Learn Telugu through English – Telugu Writing, Speaking & Grammar Lessons – eBook (Vol. 1) - By Praveen Ragi
www.praveenragitelugu.com 19
Half zero (‘ ’) was widely used in ancient poetry. Though, it is not much used in day-to-day language, it has its own importance in framing the lines of poems or stanzas according to grammar (Chandassu).
Visarga (‘ ’) is used for ‘అః’ (aha) alphabet and also it is used for words such as అంతఃపురం (Anthahpuram), హ్ాతఃకాలం
(Praathahkkaalam.)
Now, that you have learned all the letters i.e. Varnamala in Telugu.
You will learn about Guninthaalu in the coming lessons.
So far you have learned Varnamala, vowels and consonants in Telugu. Now, in this lesson you will learn Guninthalu. Consonants cannot be pronounced completely without the help of vowels i.e. for instance ‘క’ (ka)’ becomes a complete sound with the help of vowel ‘అ’; otherwise it just remains ‘క్’.
‘క్’ + ‘అ’ = ‘క’ (k + a = ka). In the same way, each consonant is pronounced.
Guninthalu are nothing but the symbols of vowels which are mixed with various consonants to create words in the language.
If you learn the symbols of Guninthalu, you can write Guninthalu for almost all of the consonants.
The following are the symbols of Guninthalu:
Vowel Symbol Name of the symbol The symbol of Gunintham
Learn Telugu through English – Telugu Writing, Speaking & Grammar Lessons – eBook (Vol. 1) - By Praveen Ragi
www.praveenragitelugu.com 21
Telugu Writing Lesson: Ottulu
Ottulu are used to emphasize or stress the letter in the language.
Every consonant can be written in the form of ‘ottu’ (ఒత్తు).
Ottulu can be formed in three ways. If we just remove the ‘talakattu’ (తలకట్టు) on the letter, it will become ottu. For instance ‘ga’ (గ) ottu can be written as ‘౧’. The following letters become ottulu when talakattu is removed:
గ (ga)
౧
ఘ (gha)
చ (cha)
ఛ (Cha)
ఝ (jha)
ట (Ta)
ఠ (Tha)
డ (Da)
ఢ (Dha)
థ (tha)
ద (da)
ధ (dha)
ప (pa)
ఫ(pha)
భ(bha)
శ (Sa)
ష(Sha)
స (sa)
ర (ha)
ళ (La)
Some letters remain as such even in the form of ottu also. The following letters do not change: