Telecomunications

elecommunication and Its History T

The history of telecommunication began with the use of smoke signals and drums in Africa, the Americas and parts of Asia. In the 1790s, the first fixed semaphore systems emerged in Europe; however it was not until the 1830s that electrical telecommunication systems started to appear. This article details the history of telecommunication and the individuals who helped make telecommunication systems what they are today.

Although the history of the Internet arguably begins in the 19th century with the invention of the telegraph system, the modern history of the Internet starts in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of computers. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching.

Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail, text based discussion forums, and the World Wide Web. The research and education community continues to use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) and Internet2. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbps, 10-Gbps, or more. The Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information and knowledge, by commerce and

entertainment, and by social networking.

BADWITH: is a bit rate measure of available or consumed data communication resources expressed in bits/second or multiples of it (kilobits/s, megabits/s etc.).

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

communications satellite (sometimes

abbreviated to COMSAT) is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunications. Modern communications satellites use a variety of orbits including geostationary orbits, Molniya orbits, other elliptical orbits and low

A(polar and non-polar) Earth orbits.

TELECOMMUNICATIONAND METEOROLOGY

eteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere.

Studies in the field stretch back millennia, though significant

progress in meteorology did not occur until the eighteenth

century. The nineteenth century saw breakthroughs occur after observing networks developed

across several countries.

M

Breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved in the

latter half of the twentieth century, after the development

of the computer.