www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Telecommunication Network The Fundamental Course Number : TTH2A3 CLO : 1 Week : 1
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Telecommunication Network The Fundamental
Course Number : TTH2A3
CLO : 1
Week : 1
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Why do we need to take this course?
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List of countries by number of telephone lines in use
Rankings Country or regions Number of telephone lines
Worldwide 1.16 billion
1 China 269.910.000
2 United States 114.000.000
3 Germany 48.700.000
4 Japan 47.579.000
5 Russia 44.959.000
6 Brazil 41.497.000
7 France 36.431.000
8 United Kingdom 33.209.000
9 Iran 31.740.000
10 India 30.786.703
11 Indonesia 30.378.000
Source: Wikipedia
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List of countries by number of mobile phones in use
Rankings Country or regions Number of mobile
phones Population
World 6.880.000.000 7.012.000.000
1 China 1.276.660.000 1.364.270.000
2 India 1.034.253.328 1.295.291.543
3 United States 327.577.529 317.874.628
4 Brazil 284.200.000 201.032.714
5 Russia 256.116.000 142.905.200
6 Indonesia 236.800.000 237.556.363
7 Nigeria 167.371.945 177.155.754
8 Bangladesh 131.376.000 157.497.000
9 Pakistan 132.330.000 180.854.781
10 Japan 121.246.700 127.628.095
Source: Wikipedia
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List of countries by number of Internet users
Country or area Percentage Rank
Iceland 96,55% 1
Bermuda 95,30% 2
Norway 95,05% 3
Sweden 94,78% 4
Denmark 94,63% 5
Andorra 94,00% 6
Netherlands 93,96% 7
Liechtenstein 93,80% 8
Luxembourg 93,78% 9
Finland 91,51% 10
Indonesia 20,4% 143
Source: Wikipedia
Country or area
Internet users
Rank Percentage Rank
China 721.434.547 1 52,2% 82
India 462.124.989 2 34,8% 126
United States
286.942.362 3 88,22% 15
Brazil 120.111.118 4 60,1% 67
Japan 115.111.595 5 89,8% 13
Russia 102.258.256 6 71,3% 46
Nigeria 86.219.965 7 46,1% 95
Germany 71.016.244 8 88% 16
Bangladesh 63.354.000 9 39,20% 112
Mexico 62.954.584 10 50,84% 85
United Kingdom
54.027.428 11 81,92% 27
Indonesia 53.236.719 12 20,4% 143
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Indonesia Internet User Profile
56 – 65 y.o.
46 – 55 y.o.
36 – 45 y.o.
26 – 35 y.o.
18 – 25 y.o.
Source: APJII Survey 2014
SMARTPHONE
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Why do we need to take this course?
Because everything goes toward The Internet, and it starts with what you will learn in this course, like 5G, FTTH, Radio, etc.
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What is Telecommunication?
• IEEE Standard Dictionary defines telecommunication as a signal transmission through specific distance. example: telegraph, radio or television.
• From etymology: – Tele = at a distance – Communication = information exchange (voice, data, video)
Telecommunication: sending information from one point to another through a specific media (cable, optic, radio)
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Elements of telecommunication
Telecommunication consists of 3 elements:
1. Source (Transmitter)
2. Medium
3. Destination (Receiver)
medium medium
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Telecommunication Network Taxonomy
1. From service type point of view:
• Voice
– Fixed: PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) / ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
– Mobile (wireless access): PLMN (Public land mobile network)
• Data (text, image): Internet (LAN, WAN)
• Value Added Service: IN (universal access number, premium rate service, freephone, credit call)
• Entertainment: CATV / HFC (hybrid fiber-coax)
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Telecommunication Network Taxonomy
2. From hierarchy (area level) point of view:
• Access
• Backbone (Core + Edge)
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Telecommunication Network Taxonomy
2. From transfer mode point of view:
• Circuit switch
• Packet switch – Datagram
– Virtual circuit
• Message switch
3. From network element point of view
• Terminal
• Access Network
• Switch (node)
• Transmission
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Telecommunication Network Taxonomy
4. From network planning point of view:
• Numbering
• Signaling
• Routing
• Transmission
• Charging
• Security
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Telecommunication Network Taxonomy
5. From direction way point of view:
• Simplex: one way (uni-directional), ex. radio, TV
• Half Duplex: two way (bi-directional) un-simultaneously, ex. CB radio
• Full Duplex: two way (bi-directional simultaneously, ex. telephone
6. From type of current point of view:
• Direct Current: Morse Code
• Alternating Current: (all type of medium can transmit this type of current) radio, cable, fiber optic
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Basic Concept of Telecommunication
Transducer: type of device that can transform energy from one form to another, for example:
• Microphone: transform voice into electric wave
• Loudspeaker: transform electric wave into voice
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Why do we need to push the boundaries of telecommunication?
Because: • Distance of the two points of telecommunication become farther
• Energy consumption for transmission become less abundant
• Everyone wants to be connected anytime anywhere anyway
• Everyone wants better service
In telecommunication research we need to emphasize on: • How do we represent information?
• How do we sent information?
• How do we restore information?
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History of telecommunication network
1837: Samuel Morse exhibited a working telegraph system
1876: Alexander Graham Bell, invented the first telephone
1951: first direct long distance dialing
1962: first international satellite telephone call
1980: public service of digital networks
1983: 1G (AMPS), analog mobile phone
1991: 2G (GSM), cellular telephones has become common
1998: 3G
2008: 4G
Trend:
1. from wired to wireless,
2. from analog to digital,
3. from voice to data
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Telecommunication Categories and Development
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Analog and Digital
Time (X-Axis)
Continuous Discrete
Amplitude (Y-Axis)
Continuous
Discrete
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Telephony Milestones
1878: PSTN (Public Switches Telephone Network) installed at New Haven and San Francisco
Switch
without Switch with Switch
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without Multiplexing
Telephony Milestones
1937: Multiplexing was introduced for telecommunication between cities
One link carries many telecommunication
with Multiplexing
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Elements of telecommunication
Telecommunication consists of 3 elements:
1. Source (Transmitter)
2. Medium (Communication Network)
– Transmission System
• Transmission Media
• Modulation
• Multiplexing
– Switching
– Signaling
3. Destination (Receiver)
medium medium
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Communication Network
Transmission System:
• Medium: analog microwave, digital microwave, fiber optic, coaxial cable, copper, terrestrial, and satellite
• Modulation: AM, FM, BPSK, QAM, PSK, FSK, QPSK
• Multiplexing: FDM, TDM (PDH dan SDH)
Switching
• analog exchange, digital exchange
Signaling
• R2, CCS7
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See you on next class