Telecom Systems- A Road Map

WIRE LINEWIRE LINE Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

WIRELESSWIRELESS Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)

Public Satellite Mobile Network (PSMN)

DATA & ISPDATA & ISP Broadband using wire line media

(ADSL – Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line

Copper Cable, Optic Fiber)Broadband using wireless media

(WiFi, WiMax)

WIRE LINEWIRE LINE Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

WIRELESSWIRELESS Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)

Public Satellite Mobile Network (PSMN)

DATA & ISPDATA & ISP Broadband using wire line media

(ADSL – Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line

Copper Cable, Optic Fiber)Broadband using wireless media

(WiFi, WiMax)

Telecom IndustryTelecom Industry

Industry SegmentIndustry Segment

Indian Telecom Services Indian Telecom Services

► Basic Service (Fixed lines)Basic Service (Fixed lines) ► Cellular Mobile Service (GSM & CDMA)Cellular Mobile Service (GSM & CDMA) ► Internet Service (ISP)Internet Service (ISP)

► National Long Distance Service (NLD)National Long Distance Service (NLD)

► International Long Distance Service (ILD)International Long Distance Service (ILD)

► Broadband ServiceBroadband Service

► Cable ServiceCable Service ► VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) ServiceVSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Service

► Basic Service (Fixed lines)Basic Service (Fixed lines) ► Cellular Mobile Service (GSM & CDMA)Cellular Mobile Service (GSM & CDMA) ► Internet Service (ISP)Internet Service (ISP)

► National Long Distance Service (NLD)National Long Distance Service (NLD)

► International Long Distance Service (ILD)International Long Distance Service (ILD)

► Broadband ServiceBroadband Service

► Cable ServiceCable Service ► VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) ServiceVSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Service

Telecom ServicesTelecom Services

Service Service ProviderProvider

CategoryCategory

BSNL Basic, Cellular, ISP, NLD

BHARTI Basic, Cellular, ISP, NLD, VSAT, ILD

RCL Basic, Cellular, ISP, NLD, ILD

VODAFONE Cellular

VSNL ISP, NLD, ILD

TTSL Basic, Cellular, NLD, ILD

MTNL Basic, Cellular, ISP, NLD

IDEA Cellular, NLD

AIRCELL Cellular

SPICE Cellular

Key Telecom Service ProvidersKey Telecom Service Providers

Telecom Service ProvidersTelecom Service Providers

SwitchingSwitching

VendorsVendorsAlcatel

Lucent Technologies

Siemens

NOKIA

NEC

ZTE

HUWAVI

Service Service ProvidersProviders

IndiaTTSL,

Reliance, Bharti, BSNL, MTNL, Idea, Vodafone,

Loop Telecom, MTN, TATA-DOCOMO,

Aircel..

TransmissioTransmission Vendorsn Vendors

Nortel Networks

Fujitsu

Lucent technologies

NEC

HUWAVI

FIBCOM

Indian Market: Major Infrastructure Players

IP and DatacomIP and DatacomCisco, Juniper, 3Com, Nortel Networks

IP and DatacomIP and DatacomCisco, Juniper, 3Com, Nortel Networks

Growth in rural India Growth in rural India Growth in rural India Growth in rural India

• Mobile users are expected to cross 500 mn by 2010 @ 6-7 mn / month.

• To achieve this, vast geography is to be covered. • Right now, the presence is in more than 5,000 Towns & Cities and one lakh plus villages across the country. • In terms of tele-density there is a wide gap-with metros and rural areas.

• Category ‘C’ circles have, on an average, 85% rural population, the focus of Service providers and Mobile handset vendors has shifted to these circles as well as rural India.

Strategy Strategy of of

Service providers Service providers

Service providers concentrate on Infrastructure sharing Service providers concentrate on Infrastructure sharing to save CAPEX and increase their presence to save CAPEX and increase their presence in more villages and rural areas. in more villages and rural areas.

Telecom Infrastructure IndustryTelecom Infrastructure Industry

Country has about 1,50,000 towers at present.

Require an additional 1,00,000 towers by the year end 2009

Further 150,000 by 2010.

Players are planning to deploy 60,000 shared sites in two years Passive infrastructure like Erecting towers, backhaul connectivity etc account for about 50-60% of CAPEX.

Infrastructure sharing helps in reducing CAPEX by around 25 to 40%.

Over 15 standalone infrastructure players GVK Quipo Telecom Infrastructure TVS Interconnect Systems GTL Infrastructure Essar group ACME Telepower ITI Limited HFCL McCoy Developers Pvt Ltd Skipper Steels etc.

Entry of Infrastructure PlayersEntry of Infrastructure Players

Currently, Indian telecom companies are not allowed to share active infrastructure such as optic and feeder fiber cables, radio links,network elements, backhaul, antenna and transmission equipment,but TRAI is likely to suggest that such norms be relaxed.

Wire Line based using Copper(PSTN)

Public Switched Telephone Network

Wire Line based using Copper(PSTN)

Public Switched Telephone Network

Local Telephone LinesNational Trunk LinesLocal Telephone LinesNational Trunk Lines

Broadband Services(DSL Technologies)Broadband Services(DSL Technologies)

Wireless based(PLMN)

Public Land Mobile Network

Wireless based(PLMN)

Public Land Mobile Network

GSMFWT (WLL)CDMACorDECT

GSMFWT (WLL)CDMACorDECT

Broadband ServicesWLANWiFiWiMAX

Broadband ServicesWLANWiFiWiMAX

Adoption of Technologies for Access NetworksAdoption of Technologies for Access Networks

Optical Fiber basedOptical Fiber based

DLC (Digital Loop Carrier)FTTH (Fiber To Home)FTTC (Fiber To Cabinet)

DLC (Digital Loop Carrier)FTTH (Fiber To Home)FTTC (Fiber To Cabinet)

Satellite basedSatellite based

GMPCS (Global Mobile Personal Communication System)by

IRUDIUMGLOBALSTAR

ICO ( Intermediate Circular Orbit ) TELEDESIC

GMPCS (Global Mobile Personal Communication System)by

IRUDIUMGLOBALSTAR

ICO ( Intermediate Circular Orbit ) TELEDESIC

Adoption of Technologies for Access NetworksAdoption of Technologies for Access NetworksAdoption of Technologies for Access NetworksAdoption of Technologies for Access Networks

2.5 Generation (2.5G)

• Voice• Packet-switched• Data rate up to 384 Kbps

GPRS

EDGE

2nd Generation (2G)

• Voice• Circuit-switched • Low rate data

GSM

IS-95

3rd Generation (3G)

• Voice• Packet-switched

Higher speed data• Multimedia services

CDMA2000

UMTS

Generation of Mobile CommunicationGeneration of Mobile Communication

Evolution of Cellular SystemsEvolution of Cellular Systems

2G2G9.6 – 14.4 KBps

2.5G2.5G64 - 144 KBps

3G3G0.384 – 2 MBps

4G4G100 MBps ??

1X-EV-DV1X-EV-DV

1X-EV-DO1X-EV-DO

CDMACDMA 1X-RTT1X-RTT 3X-RTT3X-RTT

TDMATDMA

GSMGSM GPRSGPRS EDGEEDGE

WCDMAWCDMAHigh

speed Packet

andCircuits

Based on OFDM

+Advanced Networks

AvailableAvailable

GPRS- General Packet Radio Service, EDGE - Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution, RTT - Radio Transmission Technique,

1 X - 1 fundamental channel, EV - Evolved Voice, DO - Data only, DV- Data & Voice, OFDM - Orthogonal FDM

Evolution of Cellular StandardsEvolution of Cellular Standards

Generation of Mobile CommunicationGeneration of Mobile Communication

1] GSM 900

Uplink : 890 MHz to 915 MHz

Downlink : 935 MHz to 960 MHz

ARFCN : 124

2] EGSM 900



ARFCNs : 174

1] GSM 900



ARFCN : 124

2] EGSM 900



ARFCNs : 174

Absolute Radio Frequency Channels :

BW - 200 KHz, TDMA Slots - 8

3] GSM 1800 (DCS 1800)



ARFCNs : 374

4] PCS 1900



ARFCNs : 299

3] GSM 1800 (DCS 1800)



ARFCNs : 374

4] PCS 1900



ARFCNs : 299

GSM Frequency SpectrumGSM Frequency Spectrum

GSM SpectrumGSM SpectrumGSM SpectrumGSM Spectrum

GSM SYSTEMGSM SYSTEM

Base StationBase StationSubsystem Subsystem

Base StationBase StationSubsystem Subsystem

SwitchingSwitchingSubsystemSubsystemSwitchingSwitching

SubsystemSubsystemOMC /NMCOMC /NMCSubsystemSubsystemOMC /NMCOMC /NMCSubsystemSubsystem

Base StationController (BSC)

Base StationController (BSC)

Base TransceiverStation (BTS)

Base TransceiverStation (BTS)

Mobile SwitchingCentre (MSC)

Mobile SwitchingCentre (MSC)

RegistersHLRVLREIR

RegistersHLRVLREIR

AUCAUC

GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture

MS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BSC

BSC

BTS

Abis

MS

MSMS

NSS

MSC/VLR

BSS ArchitectureBSS Architecture


BSS

BTS BTS

NSS

MS

BSC

Internet

Internet

PSTNPSTN

VLR

HLR / AuC

EIR

GMSC

MSC

IWF

VMSSM-SC

CSE

SS7SS7STP

MSC / VLR

NSS ArchitectureNSS ArchitectureBTS: Base Transceiver StationBSC: Base Station ControllerMSC: Mobile Switching CenterVLR: Visiting Location RegisterHLR: Home Location RegisterIWF: InterWorking Function


◄Encodes, Encrypts, Multiplexes, Modulates and feeds RF to Antenna

◄Received signals is Decoded, Decrypted and Demodulate

◄Trans-coding and Rate Adoption Functionality

◄11 power classes from .01 watts (Micro cell) to 320 watts

◄Frequency hopping

◄Up-link radio channel measurements

◄Multiple Antennas for Diversity

BTS Functions BTS Functions


LUCENT BTSLUCENT BTS

NOKIA BTSNOKIA BTS

Allocation of radio channels Receives MS measurements Inter-cell handovers from BTS to BTS Concentrator for low capacity BTSs Reduce the number of connections to MSC

Data stored in BSCData stored in BSC

►Carrier frequencies

►Frequency hopping lists

►Power reduction levels

►Levels for cell border calculation

BSC Functions BSC Functions


Paging, specifically call handling

Dynamic allocation of resources in coordination with BSS

Location registration

Handover management

Billing for all subscribers based in its area

Reallocation of frequencies to BTSs to meet heavy demands

Signaling interface to databases like HLR, VLR.

Gateway to SMS between SMS centers and subscribers

Handle inter working function while working as GMSC

MSC Functions MSC Functions


BTS contains TX and RX

BSC Manages Radio resources, Radio channels and Local connection management

BTS-1

BTS-2

BTS-1

BSC-1

BSC-2

EIREIR

AUCAUC

HLR

VLRVLR

PSTN

Switching CentreSwitching CentreBase Station SubsystemBase Station Subsystem

GSM Call flowGSM Call flow

MSCMSC

FIBER LINK

MW

LIN

K

Voice CallVoice Call

GSMGSMEnhanced Data ServicesEnhanced Data Services

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)

GPRS is a new bearer service for GSM

Packet Data Network (PDN) to the Internet.

What is What is GPRS ?GPRS ?

GPRS benefit from shorter access times and higher data rates. “online” over a long period of time, but billed for data volume.

GPRS improves the utilization of the radio resources,

Offers volume-based billing,

Higher data transfer rates,

Shorter access times,

Simplifies the access to packet data networks.

GPRS PLMN

GSM PLMN

HLR

MSC/VLR

MSC

SGSN

SGSN

GGSN

BSSSame

Radio for Packet and

Circuit TrafficCircuit

Packets

SS7GGSN

X.25

IP

IntraPLMN IP

Backbone

BSC

GPRS in GSM NetworksGPRS in GSM Networks

GPRS System ArchitectureGPRS System Architecture

EDGE acts as a bolt-on enhancement to 2G and 2.5G, ie GPRS

EDGE is also known as Enhanced GPRS, a superset to GPRS Can carry data speeds up to 384 Kbps in packet mode

Meet the ITU's requirement for a 3G network

EDGE requires no H/W changes in GSM core networks

BSSs must be modified

EDGE FeaturesEDGE Features

Key featuresKey features

Spectrum spreading

Orthogonal code

Soft handoff

Rake receiver

Sophisticated power control

Variable rate voice coding

Strong Error correction

Random Access System

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

CDMA Key featuresCDMA Key features

Key Attributes of CDMAKey Attributes of CDMA

ALL USERS

1.25 MHz

Spectrum for all usersSpectrum for all users

• All users on the same spectrum

• Each user has unique digital code identifier

• Digital codes separate users to stop interference

Uplink == Reverse Link == 824-849 Mhz (From MS to BTS)

Downlink == Forward Link == 869-894 Mhz (From BTS to MS)

Forward Link

869 – 894 MHz

Reverse Link

824 – 849 MHz

CDMA SpectrumCDMA Spectrum

Key Attributes of CDMAKey Attributes of CDMA

MS

BTS

CDMA Network ArchitectureCDMA Network Architecture

Network Architecture (IS-95)Network Architecture (IS-95)

BTS FunctionsBTS Functions

►Generate, radiate, receive CDMA RF signal

►Provide Um interface to MS and Abis to BSC

►Adopt Packet Switching N/W Architecture

►Configuration 1, 2, 3, 4 Carrier Frequency

►Omni and 2, 3 Sector

►Support sharing of all sectors with same RF

►Support Star, Chain and Ring networking

►Support cell breathing function


BTS control and management

Call connection and disconnection

Mobility management

Radio link provision for handoff

Power control

Radio resource management.

BSC FunctionsBSC Functions

MSC FunctionsMSC Functions

Implements switching between calling and called subscribers.

One MSC connected with multiple BSCs.

MSC can also connects PSTN, ISDN or other MSCs.


BSCBSC

Antenna and FeederAntenna and Feeder

Basic FunctionBasic Function

Forward link: Emission of modulated

analog signal

Reverse link: Receive signal

transmitted from MS

CDMACDMAEnhanced Data ServicesEnhanced Data Services

■ CDMA 2000 1x CDMA 2000 1x ■ CDMA 2000 1x EV-DOCDMA 2000 1x EV-DO■ CDMA 2000 1x EV-DVCDMA 2000 1x EV-DV

CDMA 2000 – technology, a part of IMT-2000 (ITU) specification suite to 3G systems, retaining backward compatibility

A Global standard

Provide high speed Packet Data services

► 2 Mbps for Stationary

► 384 Kbps Pedestrian

► 144 Kbps Vehicolar

Packet based services: wireless internet, e-mail, e-commerce, MMS and LBS

Long battery life

CDMA 2000 Key FeaturesCDMA 2000 Key Features

IS-951xEV-DO1xEV-DO

For Voice + Data

High-Speed Data1x

1xEV-DV1xEV-DV

EV-DO and EV-DVEV-DO and EV-DV

1xEV-DV1xEV-DV

Data and voice evolution option for CDMA2000 networks

Provides data rates up to 3 Mbps using 1x carrier

Supports voice and data simultaneously

Backward compatible to 1x – can share same carrier

1xEV-DO

Data evolution option for CDMA2000 networks

Provides data rates up to 2 Mbps using 1x carrier

Does not provide voice services, optimized for data services only

Requires dedicated carrier

CS-CNHLR

BTSMS

RANBSC

AC

PS-CN

PDSN/ FAHAIP NetworkIP Network

InternetInternet

AAA Server

MSC/VLR IS-41IS-41

CDMA2000 Network ArchitectureCDMA2000 Network Architecture

RAN- Radio Access NetworkCN- Core NetworkHA- Home Agent

CDMA2000 Network ArchitectureCDMA2000 Network Architecture

TechnologyTechnology Data RatesData Rates SpectrumSpectrum ServicesServices

IS-95 A/B 115.2 kbps 1.25 MHzVoice and circuit switched

data services

1xRTT 614.4 kbps 1.25 MHzVoice, circuit data, and

packet data

1X-EV-DO 2.45 Mbps 1.25 MHz Packet data services

1X-EV-DV 3.09 Mbps 1.25 MHzVoice, Circuit, Packet and

multimedia services

CDMA ComparedCDMA Compared

Doing NEW things

Individual new services?

Technology?

Doing things BETTER

Doing things FASTER

… … by taking mobile multimedia services to a new levelby taking mobile multimedia services to a new level

… … faster speeds for user-friendly delivery of larger contentfaster speeds for user-friendly delivery of larger content

… … providing mass-market network capacityproviding mass-market network capacity

3G is about improving the end-user experience

What is 3G all about?What is 3G all about?

International Mobile Telecommunications-2000International Mobile Telecommunications-2000

(IMT-2000)(IMT-2000)

3G mobile systems

Provide access, by means of one or more radio links, to a

wide range of telecommunications services

Linking to Terrestrial and/or Satellite based networks

Terminals may be designed for Mobile or Fixed use.

IMT-2000 .. What?IMT-2000 .. What?

IMT-2000 Vision Includes LAN, WAN and Satellite ServicesIMT-2000 Vision Includes LAN, WAN and Satellite Services

IMT-2000 .. What?IMT-2000 .. What?

2nd Generation2nd Generation

(GSM/IS-136/ IS-95)

Limited capacity Narrow band Low data rate Voice Regional Roaming Wireless only Limited service delivery

2nd Generation2nd Generation

(GSM/IS-136/ IS-95)

Limited capacity Narrow band Low data rate Voice Regional Roaming Wireless only Limited service delivery

3rd Generation3rd Generation

(IMT-2000 family)

Higher capacity Broad band Higher data rates Internet & multimedia Global roaming Wireless/wireline convergence Global service delivery

3rd Generation3rd Generation

(IMT-2000 family)

Higher capacity Broad band Higher data rates Internet & multimedia Global roaming Wireless/wireline convergence Global service delivery

Key drivers of 3G systemsKey drivers of 3G systems

Evolution & MigrationEvolution & Migration

Migration from 2G to 3G Migration from 2G to 3G

IMT-2000 : Evolution PathsIMT-2000 : Evolution Paths

What is WCDMA..?What is WCDMA..?

Increase in Subscribers and Traffic

New BW consuming applications like gaming, video streaming… place new demands on capacity.

Solution :

New technology - Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)

Benefits of Wideband carrierBenefits of Wideband carrier

1) Support for higher bit rates. 2) BW on demand

3) Asymmetric Data Rates 4) Higher spectrum efficiency.

5) Improved Trunking efficiency. 6) Higher QoS.

UTRAN and System ArchitectureUTRAN and System Architecture

WCDMA ArchitectureWCDMA Architecture

HTTP - Request(In Kilobytes)

HTTP - Response

(In Megabytes)

• Channels with different bandwidths in UL & DL direction lead to efficient radio spectrum utilization

• Useful for applications such as web access and cable TV

HTTP Server

3G Networ

k

Asymmetric Data RatesAsymmetric Data Rates

WCDMA BenefitsWCDMA Benefits

RAN CN

Text only = Low Data Rate

or

Multimedia = High Data Rate

SN

Bandwidth on Demand Bandwidth on Demand


• Varying BWs depending on the service requirements

• Different channels may have different QoS services

Voice Service

Internet Access

Video Access

3G Network


Bandwidth on Demand Bandwidth on Demand

InternetInternet

WirelessNetwork

WirelessNetwork

E-mail/Voicemail

Stocks

WeatherHoroscope

TravelInfo

TravelInfo

MapsMaps

M-commerceM-commerce

MessagingMessagingNewsNews

Data Services over WirelessData Services over Wireless

Maps

M-Commerce

MessagingNews

Travel Info


3G is based on primarily a WAN concept, a hybrid network is required that utilize both WLAN concept and Cell or Base-station WAN design.

3G Network Path3G Network Path

4G Network Path4G Network Path

WLANWiMAXWLANWiMAX

WLANWiMAXWLANWiMAX

Motivation for 4GMotivation for 4G

4G Wireless Networks4G Wireless Networks

Presented byGaurav KumarGaurav Kumar

[email protected]@zephyr.co.in

Telecom Systems- A Road Map

Documents

active infrastructure

focus of service providers

loop telecom

years passive infrastructure

rural india mobile users

rural areas

indian telecom companies

rural population