TEIXOBACTIN Fresh Hope in the War Against the Bacteria
Prepared ByReflex
• NAME• REGESTRATION NO
Name Registration
Rachana Sarkar 12103022
Susmita Ghosh 12103023
Furhatun-Noor 12103048
Priyanka Florina Karmokar
12103050
Tajrian Rahman 12103059
Teixobactin
Chemical Nature : Macrocyclic Depsipeptide
Discovered From Eleftheria terraeBacteria : Gram NegativeClass : B-proteobacteriaGenus : Aquabacteria
Antibacterial Activity Against •Excellent activity against Gram-positive pathogens,
including drug-resistant strains•Good activity against E. coli
asmB1
Mechanism of Action Cell wall inhibitor
Isolation Device Isolation Chip (iChip)
Compound Interest
Chemical Nature
Macrocyclic Depsipeptide
Molecular Formula
C58H95N15O15
Molecular Mass
1242.47 g/mol
Molecular Components
Four D-amino acids, Methylated phenylalanine, Enduracididine
Structure of Teixobactin
History
Discovered in : January 2015
Published in ‘Nature’
Lead Scientist : Prof. Kim Lewis
Research Institution
NorthEastern UniversityNational
Institutes of Health
Collaborative Pharmaceutical
NovoBioticsPharmaceuticals
Prof.Kim Lewis
From a Pile of Dirt
Discovered from :
Eleftheria terrae
Soil Source :
Grassy field of Marine soil
Isolation Device :
iChip (Isolation Chip )
Nutrient :
SMS or Molten agar
iChip A hard piece of plastic with 192 tiny wells.75% of the ichip bacteria can be transferred and grown in lab.iChip may help scientists find new antibiotics from bacteria in marshlands, soil, and beyond
The Treasure Hunter Only about 1% of microbes in a soil & sea sample are able to
grow in the lab. The iChip expands that fraction to 50%
iChip
Diffusion Cham
ber
Petri Dish
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%
Soil
Soil
iChip
Diffusion Cham
ber
Petri Dish
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%
Sea Water
Sea Water
The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster
A. Genes (Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase)
B. Domains
A=Adenylation, C=Condensation, T=Thiolation, MT=Methyl Transferase, TE=Thioesterase
C. Schematic Structure of Teixobactin
Nmphe- Ile-ser-Gln-Ile-Ile-Ser-Thr-Ala-End-Ile
Txo1 Txo2
A-MT-T-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-TE-TE
Nm Phe
Ile Ser Gln Ile Ile Ser Thr Ala End Ile
Binding Sites of Teixobactin
The Functions of Target Sites
When Teixobactin Binds to Target Site
Lipid –II Precursor of peptidoglycan
Inhibits peptidoglycan
biosynthesis reactions
to make the thick walls around the cell)
Result :Bacterial wall comes
crumbling down
Lipid-III Precursor of cell wall teichoic acid
Inhibition of WTA biosynthesis steps
Prevents cell wall from breaking down
Result : Cell wall don’t rebuilt
Lipid-I (binds only in-vitro)
The intracellular form of the precursor
Probably less significant for
antimicrobial activity
Why Teixobactin is Irresistable?
The targets of Teixobactin are
not proteins but the lipids.
They are polymer precursors of
cell wall building blocks so
there is really nothing to mutate.
Bacteria without specialized
outer membrane can never
become resistant to Teixobactin. Teixobactin Resistance
A Comparison of Teixobactin's Activity
The effectiveness of
Teixobactin against
pathogenic bacteria.
By using MIC
(Minimum inhibitory
concentrations).
Determined by
Microdilution.
Bacterialcidal Activity Against Vancomycin Resistant S.aureus
Low Dose (4×MIC) for 27 Days.. Failed to Produce
Resistant Mutants
Toxic to Bacteria Cells But Non-Toxic to Mammalian Cells
ANIMAL STUDIES
TESTED AGAINST OBEJECTIVE RESULT
Mouse SepsisProtection Model
Clinical isolateS. aureus MRSA ATCC33591
Assess its in vivo bioavailability and PD50
Showed 100% efficacy against MRSA sepsis .
Mouse Thigh Infection Model
MRSA ATCC33591in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model
Efficacy against MRSA in thigh infections.
Showed 100% efficacy against MRSA in thigh infections.
Mouse Lung Infection Model
Streptococcus pneumoniaeATCC 6301 in an immunocompetent mouse pneumoniamodel
Determine the compound’s potential to treat acute respiratory infections.
very active against S. pneumoniae in lungs.
The Growing Antimicrobial Resistance in Bangladesh…Can Teixobactin Help Us?
This study reveals the growing antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh.
Out of 122 isolates,
93.44% =intermediate
only 6.56% showed sensitivity.
In future, we can use Teixobactin against this 93.44% VISA.
93.44
6.54
% of S.aureus resistant,intermediate & sensi-tive to vancomcin
ResistantIntermediateSensitive
TEIXOBACTIN
Hopes Offered By Teixobactin
Teixobactin
Natural Antimicrobial Agent
From E.teeraeBy iChip
Molecular Modification
Semi-Synthetic
Synthetic
New Antibiotics
Teixobactin
No Genetic Resistance Appear
Effective Against Gram +ve Bacteria
C.difficile S.aureusM.tuberculosis
References :
Ling, L., Schneider, T., Peoples, A., Spoering, A., Engels, I., & Conlon, B. et al. (2015). A new antibiotic kills pathogens without detectable resistance. Nature, 517(7535), 455-459. doi:10.1038/nature14098
Lewis, Kim (7 January 2015). NovoBiotic reports the discovery of teixobactin, a new antibiotic without detectable resistance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved 7 January 2015
Nichols D, Cahoon N, Trakhtenberg EM, Pham L, Mehta A, Belanger A et al. (2010). "Use of ichip for high-throughput in situ cultivation of "uncultivable" microbial species". Appl. Environ. Microbiol.76 (8): 2445–50. doi:10.1128/AEM.01754-09. PMC 2849220. PMID 20173072.