TECTONIC PLATES TECTONIC PLATES Plate Boundary - Referenced from Bird, Peter (2003) An updated digital model of plate boundaries. (Orogen boundaries omitted.) Plate Convergence Vectors - Referenced from United States Geological Survey: Convergence data are shown by arrows describing direction and speed, relative to the plate across the boundary. Plate Divergence Vectors - Referenced from Digital Tectonic Activity Map: Divergence data are shown by double arrows describing direction and speed. World WorldSat Color Shaded Relief Image - Published by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc Projection: Robinson (World) April 2009 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E & & & & F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 30 mm/yr 27 mm/yr 44 mm/yr 15 mm/yr 75 mm/yr 72 mm/yr 70 mm/yr 50 mm/yr 86 mm/yr 59 mm/yr 94 mm/yr 15 mm/yr 14 mm/yr 35 mm/yr 35 mm/yr 25 mm/yr 23 mm/yr 18 mm/yr 23 mm/yr 151 mm/yr 151 mm/yr 45 mm/yr 47 mm/yr 40 mm/yr Nicaragua SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (: : : : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( : ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 6 1 1 6 1 1 6 6 6 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 6 1 1 6 1 1 6 6 6 6 1 6 (: ( ( : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( : ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( : ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Russia Antarctica China Canada Brazil Australia United States India Iran Sudan Greenland Algeria Argentina Kazakhstan Libya Mexico Mali Peru Chad Niger Mongolia Egypt Angola Bolivia Saudi Arabia Ethiopia Turkey Nigeria Colombia Iraq Pakistan South Africa Spain Namibia Zambia France Mauritania Ukraine Venezuela Kenya Sweden Somalia Finland Yemen Botswana Afghanistan Poland Thailand Indonesia Turkmenistan Syria Gabon Belarus Guinea Chile Italy Democratic Republic of the Congo Mozambique Norway Oman Morocco Madagascar Laos Germany Uzbekistan Cameroon Paraguay Japan Zimbabwe Myanmar (Burma) Ghana Romania United Republic of Tanzania Uganda Ecuador Nepal Guyana Senegal Cote d’Ivoire Central African Republic Tunisia Uruguay Iceland Malaysia Papua New Guinea Kyrgyzstan Burkina Faso Greece Western Sahara Cambodia United Kingdom Serbia Bulgaria Suriname Austria New Zealand Latvia Hungary Liberia Ireland Portugal Philippines Lithuania Croatia Estonia Slovakia Sri Lanka Czech Republic South Korea Sierra Leone French Guiana Taiwan Belgium North Korea 9 mm/yr 94 mm/yr 70 mm/yr 48 mm/yr 27 mm/yr 78 mm/yr 18 mm/yr 20 mm/yr 79 mm/yr 61 mm/yr 88 mm/yr 63 mm/yr 92 mm/yr 78 mm/yr 73 mm/yr 58 mm/yr 39 mm/yr 123 mm/yr 106 mm/yr 237 mm/yr ARABIA PLATE TIMOR PLATE BIRD’S HEAD PLATE MOLUCCA SEA PLATE BANDA SEA PLATE CONWAY REEF PLATE EASTER PLATE ALTIPLANO PLATE JUAN FERNANDEZ PLATE GALAPAGOS PLATE SANDWICH PLATE PANAMA PLATE SUNDA PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE KERMADEC PLATE TONGA PLATE NIUAFO`OU PLATE WOODLARK PLATE MAOKE PLATE SOUTH BISMARCK PLATE SOLOMON SEA PLATE NORTH BISMARCK PLATE NEW HEBRIDES PLATE CARIBBEAN PLATE COCOS PLATE OKHOTSK PLATE BALMORAL REEF PLATE NORTH ANDES PLATE OKINAWA PLATE PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE AMUR PLATE CAROLINE PLATE MARIANA PLATE FUTUNA PLATE SCOTIA PLATE AEGEAN SEA PLATE ANATOLIA PLATE YANGTZE PLATE BURMA PLATE RIVERA PLATE ANTARCTICA PLATE SOMALIA PLATE INDIA PLATE AUSTRALIA PLATE EURASIA PLATE SOUTH AMERICA PLATE NAZCA PLATE PACIFIC 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