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Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2. Silicon Dioxide. 3. Titanium Oxide. 4. Indium – Tin Oxide. List of materials which have been evaporated:
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Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Dec 14, 2015

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Amice Greene
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Page 1: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Tecport E-beam EvaporatorProcess parameters.

METALS:

1.Aluminium.2.Chromium.3.Gold.4.Titanium.5.Hafnium.6.Nickel.

OXIDES:

1. Aluminium Oxide. 2. Silicon Dioxide.3. Titanium Oxide.4. Indium – Tin Oxide.

List of materials which have been evaporated:

Page 2: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Aluminium (Al)

Base pressure: 2.1E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 2.3E-6 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 5 Å/s.

Measured thickness (Dektak): 292.32 nm.

Annealing: Annealed at 450°C, with forming gas.

Sheet Resistance before annealing: 0 .124 Ω/.

Sheet Resistance after annealing: 0.121 Ω/.

Resistivity: 0.035 µΩ m.

Process parameter:

Page 3: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Al - XRD Data:

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Al (111)

Al (200)

Inte

nsity (

a.u

)

2

As-deposited Annealed

Al (220)

Al (311)Si

Page 4: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Base pressure: 3.0E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 2.2E-6 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 1 Å/s.

Measured thickness (Dektak): 52.26 nm.

Sheet Resistance. 117 Ω/.

Resistivity: 52.26E-9 X 117 = 6.1 µΩ m.

Chromium (Cr)

Process parameter:

Page 5: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Cr - XRD Data:

Page 6: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Gold (Au)

Base pressure: 4.2E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 8.89E-6 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 1 Å/s.

Measured thickness (Dektak): 187.535 nm.

Sheet Resistance: 0.258 Ω/.

Resistivity: 187.535E-9 X 0.258 = 0.048 µΩ m.

Process parameter:

Page 7: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Au - XRD Data:

Page 8: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Titanium (Ti)

Process parameter:

Base pressure: 2.0E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 2.17E-6 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 4 Å/s.

Measured thickness (Dektak): 60 nm.

Sheet Resistance: 17.5 Ω/.

Resistivity: 17.5 X 60E-9= 1.05 µΩ m.

Page 9: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Ti - XRD Data:

10 20 30 40 50 60

Inte

nsity (

a.u

)

2

Ti (111)

Si

Page 10: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Ti - XPS Data:

0 15 30 45 60

20

30

40

50

60

70

O2

atom

ic co

ncen

tratio

n (%

)

Etch time (sec)

0 15 30 45 6030

40

50

60

70

80

Ti a

tom

ic c

once

ntra

tion

(%)

Etch time (Sec)

From XPS data shows that the atomic concentration of O2 is more on the surface and with depth it is decreasing and the atomic concentration of Ti is increasing with depth.

Page 11: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Hafnium (Hf)

Process parameter:

Base pressure: 3.26E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 1.9E-6 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 3 Å/s.

Measured thickness (Dektak): 18.23nm.

Sheet Resistance: 145.5 Ω/.

Resistivity: 145.5 X 18.23E-9= 2.65 µΩ m.

Page 12: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Hf - XRD Data:

Page 13: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Nickel (Ni)

Process parameter:

Base pressure: 3.2E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 8E-6 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 1 Å/s.

Measured thickness (Dektak): 65.3 nm.

Annealing: Annealed at 450°C.

Sheet Resistance before annealing: 5.09 Ω/.

Sheet Resistance after annealing: 5.75 Ω/.

Resistivity after annealing: 37.5E-8 Ω m.

Page 14: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Ni - XRD Data (Before annealing):

Page 15: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Ni - XRD Data (After annealing):

Page 16: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Aluminium Oxide (Al203):

Process parameter:Base pressure: 4E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 8.71E-6 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 1 Å/s.

Measured thickness (Dektak): 150.5 nm.

Measured thickness (Ellipsometer): 133 nm.

ANALYSIS:

Page 17: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Aluminium Oxide (Al203) with O2:

Base pressure: 3E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 4.86 E-5 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 1 Å/s.

Flow rate (O2): 1 sccm (O2 started 1 min before deposition).

Measured thickness (Dektak): 150 nm.

Measured thickness (Ellipsometer): 144 nm.

Process parameter:

Page 18: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

ANALYSIS:

Page 19: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2):

Process parameter:Base pressure: 2E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 6E-6 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 1 Å/s.

Measured thickness (Dektak): 134 nm.

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with O2:Process parameter:

Base pressure: 2E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 4E-5 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 1 Å/s.

Measured thickness (Dektak): 150 nm.

Page 20: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

ANALYSIS:SiO2 Vs. SiO2 with O2

Page 21: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

Titanium Oxide (TiO2):

Process parameter:

Base pressure: 4.8E-6 Torr.

Deposition pressure: 4E-5 Torr.

Rate of deposition: 1 Å/s.

Flow rate (O2): 1 sccm.

Measured thickness (Ellipsometer): 77.6 nm

Page 22: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.

ANALYSIS:wavelength Vs. refractive index and extinction coefficient:

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

Refractive Index Extinction Coefficient

Wavelength (nm)

Refract

ive In

dex

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Extin

ction C

oeffi

cient

Wavelength (nm) N K

631.45 2.057 1.007 E-005

633.03 2.056 9.813 E-006

Page 23: Tecport E-beam Evaporator Process parameters. METALS: 1.Aluminium. 2.Chromium. 3.Gold. 4.Titanium. 5.Hafnium. 6.Nickel. OXIDES: 1. Aluminium Oxide. 2.