Technology unit i

UNIT I

CONCEPT OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Resource centres

Learning Resource Centre (LRC) is a term which is used in the United Kingdom to

describe a type of library that exists within an educational setting such as Secondary

Schools, Further Education Colleges and Universities. LRC can also stand for Library

Resource Centre and in some cases Learning Resource Centre has been shortened to Learning

Centre. Learning Resource Centres are similar to Hybrid library.

State Resource Centre

The State Resource Centre(s) (SRCs) are mandated to provide academic and technical

resource support to adult and continuing education through development and production of

material and training modules. In addition SRC would be required to conduct motivational

and environmental building, action research and evaluation and monitoring.

Scope of Work

The Scope of Work of the State Resource Centre(s) broadly includes the following:

Preparation of teaching learning and training material for Adult Education programme

Training literacy Functionaries

Action research

Evaluation and monitoring of literacy projects

Undertaking innovative projects to identify future needs adult education programme

Any other function incidental to accomplishment of the overall objectives of the NLM

or specifically assigned by the ministry of the human resource, govt. of india.

Activities of learning resource centres

The learning center implements a group of activities, designed and implemented by

teachers in cooperation with center specialist. Methods of implementation of these activities

differ according to educational grades and concentrate on implementation of modem

educational and learning methods. Such activities are:

Reading activities: aim to sow reading habits those like; summarization and book

presentation.

Learning activities: these activities are done by student depending on himself to support

his learning.

Educational activities: these activities are done by teacher to support student learning.

Information search: search on internet and using references.

Cultural activities: these activities to be done by student in order to improve his cultural

level; school radio, seminars, lectures and competition.

Cooperative activities: these activities are done by students to help center to achieve its

aims as a center group.

Administrative' activities: these activities appear to occupy center with waiting lessons,

school meetings and educational coordinator's meetings etc .

Social activities: the aim of these activities is community service; like anti-terror activity,

anti-smoking etc.

SIET

The state Institute of Educational Technology, SIET was constitute by Government of

India in all the State with an intention to promote the level of learning and also to educate the

student’s with the help of Radio and Television. SIET Kerala is the latest in the array of 7

SIET’s in the Country. Department of Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development

Government of India. SIET Kerala was constituted under the Travancore Literary Scientific

and Charitable Societies Act 1951 on 08.09.1999 as an autonomous society with register No.

T. 1373/99. It works as an agency under the Department of Education, Government of kerala.

It is responsible for the planning, research, production and evaluation of educational schemes

to generate teaching technologies and learning process in the modern context. The institute

has adopted itself to play a catalytic role in fostering as well as supporting and supplementing

the educational movement in the state particularly in the arena of Primary education. Its area

of operation covers the preparation of video / audio programmes for the children of 5 to 17

years of age (Class 1 to Class 12) and the teachers in the regional language in the form of

supportive factor for the conventional class room teaching.

Project/Programme/Initiative:

1. Production of Educational/ Enrichment programmes for telecast/ Broadcast through

TV/ Radio and communication through CD/DVD

2. Designing and production of teaching Aids

3. To administer the Educational Technology Programmes and assignments of work to

agencies in both Govt. and Non-Govt. sector

4. Imparting training to production personnel and teachers

5. Conduct research and evaluation of new media education materials.

6. Assist schools to set up infrastructure to schools and monitoring their utilization

activities

7. Dissemination of TV/ Radio (Audio Visual) Programmes through available

commercial channels

8. Patronizing production of TV and Audio educational materials

9. Patronizing production of TV and Audio Educational materials

10. Implement Cd library project in all the 140 constituencies of Kerala state and declare

Kerala as the 100 percent e- learning state.

Objectives of the Kerala SIET

To promote awareness among students, teachers and parents on the possibilities of

educational technology in the areas of applications like:

1. Educational Radio

2. Educational Television

3. Computer Assisted Instruction/Computer Managed. Instruction Audio/Video Cassettes

4. Satellite Communication

5. Multimedia

6. Local Area Network (LAN)

7. Internet

Activities

Film Festivals: SIET Kerala has been keen to take up research and development projects so

as to enhance the impact of Visual Media and Technology.

Children's Film Festivals has a comprehensive content that will naturally cover core

academic topics and a verity of subjects ranging from adulteration and pollution to issues

more relevant to the young world like substance abuse, child labour, problems of the girl-

child, child-centred education and disability will also be dealt with.

TV Programmes: At present the SIET telecasts educational programme through Doordarshan

from 6.30 Am to 7.00 Am in DDI on a daily basis. SIET Kerala now also telecasting

educational programmes through the EDUSAT Channel of the Dept. of Education, Govt. of

Kerala from 7.00 am to 11.00 p.m. every day.

CD Mart facilities: SIET, Kerala have more than 6000 high quality Educational Audio/Video

programmes both in Malayalam and English language in its Library.

SIET Kerala have more than 600 one hour educational CDs for sale in its CD showroom at

Science and Technology Museum PMG Jn. TVM

Advantages

1. Fosters educational movement in the State particulary in Primary Education

2. Dissemination of TV/ Radio (Audio Visual) Programmes through available

commercial channels

3. Designing and production of teaching Aids

4. Supplementing the curriculum based teaching

5. To administer the Educational Technology programmes and assignment of work to

agencies in both Govt. and Non – Govt. Sector.

Disadvantages

1. It has failed to influence larger school systems.

2. Educational system has failed to appreciate the usefulness of the media programmes

in the educational plans.

3. The audio and video programmes do not indicate any definite patterns of suitability

for supporting classroom transactions or supplementing them, either for particular age

groups or for particular subjects.

4. There is long gap between the broadcaster and the classroom teacher which lead to

underutilization of the system.

5. The broadcasting organizations have their own priorities, allotting timings not always

suited to the audiences concerned, often cancelling these when other programming

takes precedence

SATELLITE INSTRUCTION

By satellite instruction we mean with the assistance of artificial satellites, education is

providing for the masses. Aim is to reach education even in the most remote village as

available in metropolitan cities. In India satellite instruction has two stages

Stage1

Satellite Instructional Television Experiment [SITE]

The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment or SITE was an experimental

satellite communications project launched in India in 1975, designed jointly by NASA and

the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The project made available informational

television programmes to rural India. The main objectives of the experiment were to educate

the poor people of India on various issues via satellite broadcasting, and also to help India

gain technical experience in the field of satellite communications.

The experiment ran for one year from 1 August 1975 to 31 July 1976, covering more

than 2400 villages in six Indian states and territories. The television programmes were

produced by All India Radio and broadcast by NASA's ATS-6 satellite stationed above India

for the duration of the project. The project was supported by various international agencies

such as the UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF and ITU. The experiment was successful, as it played

a major role in helping develop India's own satellite program, INSAT. The project showed

that India could use advanced technology to fulfill the socio-economic needs of the country.

SITE was followed by similar experiments in various countries, which showed the important

role satellite TV could play in providing education. This project was commissioned with an

aim

to educate rural population

role of television as new medium of education

Process of change brought by community with the help of educational television.

General Objectives of SITE

The general objectives of the project were to:

gain experience in the development, testing and management of a satellite-based

instructional television system particularly in rural areas and to determine optimal system

parameters;

demonstrate the potential value of satellite technology in the rapid development of

effective mass communications in developing countries;

demonstrate the potential value of satellite broadcast TV in the practical instruction of

village inhabitants; and

Stimulate national development in India, with important managerial, economic,

technological and social implications.

Two types of programmes were prepared for broadcasting: educational

television (ETV) and instructional television (ITV). ETV programmes were meant for school

children and focused on interesting and creative educational programmes. These programmes

were broadcast for 1.5 hours during school hours. During holidays, this time was used to

broadcast Teacher Training Programmes designed to train almost 100,000 primary school

teachers during the duration of the SITE. The ITV programmes were meant for adult

audiences, mainly to those who were illiterate. They were broadcast for 2.5 hours during the

evenings. The programmes covered health, hygiene, family planning, nutrition, improved

practices in agriculture and events of national importance. Thus, the programmes were

beamed for four hours daily in two transmissions. The targeted audience was categorized into

four linguistic groups—Hindi, Oriya, Telugu and Kannada—and programmes were produced

according to the language spoken in the cluster.

With the victory of television in rural primary schools, a new programme called

PAST-SITE program comes

PAST-SITE Project

The main objective of this are

Familiarize the rural masses with improved and scientific knowledge of farming, use

of fertilizers and maintenance of health and hygiene.

Bring about national and emotional integration

Make rural children aware of the importance of education and healthy environment.

Stage 2

Educational Satellite [EDUSAT]

India successfully launched EDUSAT through GSLV-F01 in September 2004. India’s

first thematic satellite dedicated exclusively for educational services. EDUSAT has multiple

regional beams covering different parts of India.

Uses of satellite instruction in teaching-learning process

1. EDUSAT is providing a wide range of educational delivery modes like video

conferencing, computer conferencing etc.

2. It link schools and colleges to remote classrooms.

3. EDUSAT system is intended mainly for primary and college education but also will

support vocational training.

4. The satellite will enable distance education to take place throughout India.

5. EDUSAT connect urban and rural educational institutions throughout India.

Audio Visual Resource Centre [AVRC]

The Audio Visual - Learning Resource Centre aims to provide high quality audio visual

support and learning opportunities to the faculty, students and staff for curricular, co-

curricular and extracurricular activities.

The AVRC aims to:

1. Deliver updated, reliable and functional instructional equipment and materials;

2. Respond quickly to the needs and requirements related to audio-visual resources.

3. Facilitate the effective orientation and technological skills development of its end-users;

4. Provide efficient and reliable means of ID processing and production; and

5. Acquire feedback and conduct research for the improvement of the AV services and

materials.

UGC-CEC

The Consortium for Educational Communication popularly known as CEC is

one of the Inter University Centres set up by the University Grants Commission of India. It

has been established with the goal of addressing the needs of Higher Education through the

use of powerful medium of Television along with the appropriate use of emerging

Information Communication Technology (ICT).

Realizing the potential and power of television to act as means of Educational

Knowledge dissemination, UGC started the Countrywide Classroom Programmes in the year

1984. For production of such programmes Media Centres were set up at 6 Universities.

Subsequently CEC emerged in 1993 as a nodal agency to coordinate, guide & facilitate such

Educational production at the National level. Today 22 Media Centres are working towards

achieving this goal under the umbrella of CEC.

Objectives of CEC:

1. Close Coordination, facilitation, overall guidance and direction towards the activities

of the Media Centres set up by the UGC in various Universities throughout the

country.

2. Dissemination of Educational programmes through broadcast as well as non-

broadcast modes. Production of Educational programmes (Audio/Visual and Web

Based) and related support material further setting up of appropriate facilities for such

production.

3. Research activities related to optimizing the effectiveness of such programmes.

4. Providing a forum for the active involvement of academic and other scholars in the

creation of appropriate educational programmes.

5. Studying, promoting & experimenting with new technology that will increase the

reach and / or effectiveness of educational communication.

C-DIT

Centre for Development of Imaging Technology(C-DIT) is a unique

organization working in the area of convergence and beyond of information and

communication technologies (ICT) and Content development and dissemination in multi-

media formats. C-DIT is proud of having a talented pool of creative personnel working in

close collaboration with qualified and experienced technological work force. C-DIT has

reorganized its activities through four functional Groups, each specializing in a core area, viz.

Communication Group, Technology Group, Education & Training Group and Operations

Group. C-DIT has been functioning as a Total Solutions Provider to the departments and

agencies under the Government of Kerala in the areas of ICT applications and in supply of

Holography based security products.

Services

THEMES

The focus of C-DIT is based on certain themes in line with the changes in the realms

of science, technology and the society at large.

Cultural Customization

Ensuring visual, audio and linguistic localization of information technology

systems

Malayalam as Administrative Language

To evolve technology support for ensuring use of Malayalam as

administrative language

Digital Heritage Archiving

To develop and popularize tools and processes for archiving heritage

information

IT for the Disabled

To evolve strategies to ensure that the disabled are not left out of the

benefits of cyber revolution

Freedom in Software

To promote the technical, ethical and economic advantages of free software

Media Convergence

To promote the seamless integration of different media formats,

technologies and their delivery

Edutainment

To realize convergence of library, laboratory and playground through

possibilities of the new media

Techno Creativity

To explore creative avenues in technological advancements

MAJOR SERVICES PROVIDED

Video Production, Non-linear editing, Digital audio processing, 2D and 3D

animation for ads

Technical Support and consultancy in Holograph, Turnkey project support in

holography, holographic NDT, Advanced security imaging & Automation

Total IT solution provider – system study, Software Development, Free Software

Consultancy, Heritage, Archiving, Training and project Management

Linguistic computing solutions, Font development

Web designing & hosting

e-Learning content development

Production of Corporate Multimedia CD ROMS

Interactive educational software, e-books

Franchisee mode Certification courses in IT

Certified Diploma Courses in Media Technologies

IT@SCHOOL Project

The IT @ School Project, is an Information Technology project under the Department of

General Education, Government of Kerala in India. Launched in 2001, the Project has

remodeled conventional teaching methodologies in classrooms through the use of IT.[citation

needed] The project is being implemented in over 12,000 schools in the State of Kerala, and

also in schools in Mahé, Lakshadweep and the Middle East which follow the State syllabus.

IT@School Project has rolled out several programmes which included the

development of its own Operating System - IT@School GNU/Linux- which is now being

used in all the schools in the state. Apart from this, several educational software like Dr.

Geo, Rasmol, K-Tech lab, Geogebra, Chemtool,Kalzium etc. are being extensively

customised by the Project in developing teacher friendly applications for facilitating complete

ICT enabled education in the state. The Project has also prepared interactive multimedia CDs,

Handbooks & Training modules for ICT, as well as Text books for IT in standard 8, 9 and 10.

Every content developed by the Project is strictly as per the new curriculum approach based

on the National Curriculum Framework 2005. The Project has also associated with Intel

Skool for collaborative content development programmes http://kerala.skoool.in . The Project

has also developed contents for Upper Primary classes – for 5-7 classes and the same has

been given to all schools. To add with this, the Project had developed E-Text books for Std 8

to 10

IT@SCHOOL- VICTERS channel

IT@School is the nodal agency for implementing EDUSAT network and runs

an exclusive channel for education called VICTERS [fullform:virtual classroom technology

on edusat for rural schools](Versatile ICT Enabled Resource for Students), which is now

aired for 17 hours a day- from 6am to 11pm.India's epoch making first broadband network on

EDUSAT for schools VICTERS [fullform:virtual classroom technology on EDUSAT for

rural schools] (Versatile ICT Enabled Resource for Students) - inaugurated by A P J Abdul

Kalam the President of India on 28 July 2005 in Thiruvananthapuram. VIiCTERS offers

interactive virtual classrooms that enable the school students as well as the teachers to

directly communicate with the subject experts and educationists. It also ensures the

dissemination of high quality education to the students and teachers from the original source.

Various programmes telecast through VICTERS are as follows;

Padanakauthukam, Shastrakauthukam educational programmes

Examination oriented programme for SSLC and Plus 2 level

Shasthramuthukal (Science programmes).

Vazhikaatti ( produced by State Institute of Educational Technology)

Ormayile Malayalam ( Specific date wise regional programme)

Kerala Sree ( Produced by Department of Information & Public Relations, GOK )

Deutsche Welle Time ( DW Programme)

Pusthakangalkkoppam ( Introducing various Books)

Haritha Vidhyalayam (Educational reality show for schools)

Kadhaparayum Neram (Story telling time)

Mozhimuthukal ( Detailing famous quotes)

Drishya paadam ( produced by State Open School)

Naadavismayam ( Introducing Musical instruments and symphonies)

Innalekalile Innu ( Yesterday - Today)

IT for All ( Technology outlook programme for students and public)

Tomorrow Today (DW Programme)

Beyond the text ( text based programme)

Global Three Thousand (DW Programme)

Magic fingers ( tricks and plays on magic)

AKSHAYA PROJECT

The Akshaya project, first started in the rural Malappuram

district of Kerala, India, and now spread all around the state, was the first district-wide e-

literacy project in India and one of the largest known Internet Protocol (IP) based wireless

networks in the world. In November 2002, the state government of Kerala put into place a

project, piloted in Malappuram, with the goal for one person in every family to be computer

literate in that district. Malappuram is now what is said to be India's First E-literate District.

The mission continues to make Kerala the First E-literate state in India.

In Malappuram district alone, Akshaya has conducted one of the world's

largest computer literacy drives, claiming to reach over 600,000 households, representing

more than 3.6 million people, in less than 6 months. The project has created a unique brand of

state-funded computer access centers, and simultaneously led to a massive wireless

infrastructure, providing a wide range of services and making way to many future

opportunities.

The project offers a lot of services in 2008: E-Pay (electronic payment of

utility bills like electricity, land phone, drinking water, university fees etc.); E-Krishi (for

farmers to provide online agriculture trading and information portal, A to Z Solution) E-

Vidya (advanced IT learning for e-literates and others); E-Ticketing (online train, flight, bus

ticket reservations); PMRY online registration; online passport registration; a village kiosk

for transparent collectorate program, online communication providers for expatriate Indians;

an online medical transcription course, with extension programs for all the above mentioned

services.

Objectives of Akshaya

The Two objectives of Akshaya are

1. To provide basic e-literacy and

2. To develop appropriate IT infrastructure so as to leverage e-literacy and IT

infrastructure for e-governance in the state.

Imparting basic IT literacy to at least one member of each of the 6.4 million

families in the state is a primary objective of Akshaya. The e-literacy campaign is the

foundation on which the state seeks to bridge the digital divide in the state. The underlying

objective of the campaign is to remove the "fear of the unknown" that common people have

about technology in general and computers in particular. The e-literacy campaign proposes

to impart basic/functional e-literacy to one member of each of the 6.4 million families in

the state. Selection of the member to be trained will be done by the family members.

Extend the training initiative into a service delivery mechanism for the local

citizen. Once the people have been introduced to the immense possibilities of ICT, the next

step envisaged is to make facilities available to them for exploiting the technology for

everyday use. The focus here is to ensure a viable, sustainable service delivery mechanism

for the citizens of the state through Akshaya Centres. These centers are run by private

entrepreneurs selected by the project managers. Each centre will be equipped with

necessary computers, fax, printers, telephones, broad-band Internet connection etc. and

software so as to cater to the information and communication requirements of the local

citizens. The capital required for setting up these facilities are borne by the private

entrepreneurs. The investment for the wireless network for broad-band connectivity will be

shared by the state and the private entrepreneurs equally.

GYAN DARSHAN

Gyan Darshan offers interesting and informative programmes for different

categories of users such as pre-school kids, primary and secondary school children,

college/university students, youth seeking career opportunities, housewives and adults. These

programmes are contributed by major educational institutions including IGNOU,

UGC/CEC*, NCERT/CIET*, Directorate of Adult Education, IITs, TTTIs* and other

educational/developmental organisations. The time slots are convenient and the programmes

are prepared with the help of experts in the field and experienced production teams.

Programmes from abroad are also broadcast to offer the viewer a window to the world.

Gyan Darshan transmissions, uplinked from the earth station of EMPC-

IGNOU New Delhi, can be accessed all over the country throughout the year and round the

clock without any break. Gyan Darshan signals can be conveniently received without any

special equipment.

Gyan Darshan I

This is the main Gyan Darshan channel. Its programmes include the ‘countrywide classroom’

produced by CEC/UGC, ‘technovision’ produced by IITs and ‘Bhasha Mandakini’ produced

by the Rashtriya Sanskrit Sagathan. Bhasha Mandakini, launched on September 5, 2003,

Under Bhasha Mandakini, the ‘Sanskrit Bhasha’ language series of programmes are

developed by the Rasthriya Sanskrit Sansthan in collaboration with other Sanskrit institutes

of higher learning such as the Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth (Tirupati), Shri Lal Bahadur

Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth (Delhi) and other Sanskrit institute and universities of

repute. Bhasha mandakini is planned to include all languages in the course of time.

Gyan Darshan 2 and TDCC

Gyan Darshan-2 is devoted entirely to interactive distance education.

Gyan Darshan-2 and TDCC (Training & Development Communication Channel) are one-

way video and two-way audio satellite-based interactive systems. Teleconference through

Gyan darshan and TDCC essentially follow the same principle except that the former

operates on C-band while the latter on extended C. The signals can be received across the

country.

INFLIBNET

Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre is an

Autonomous Inter-University Centre (IUC) of University Grants Commission, Government

of India, involved in creating infrastructure for sharing of library and information resources

and services among Academic and Research Institutions. INFLIBNET works collaboratively

with Indian university libraries to shape the future of the academic libraries in the evolving

information environment.

Objectives

The primary objectives of INFLIBNET are:

1. To promote and establish communication facilities to improve capability in

information transfer and access, that provide support

to scholarship, learning, research and academic pursuit through cooperation and

involvement of agencies concerned.

2. To establish INFLIBNET: Information and Library Network a computer

communication network for linking libraries and information centres in universities,

deemed to be universities, colleges, UGC information centres, institutions of national

importance and R & D institutions, etc. avoiding duplication of efforts.

Functions of INFLIBNET

In order to fulfill the broad objectives, INFLIBNET will do the following:

1. Promote and implement computerization of operations and services in

the libraries and information centres of the country, following a uniform standard.

2. Evolve standards and uniform guidelines in techniques, methods,

procedures, computer hardware and software, services and promote their adoption in

actual practice by all libraries, in order to facilitate pooling, sharing and exchange of

information towards optimal use of resources and facilities.

3. Evolve a national network interconnecting various libraries and information centres in

the country and to improve capability in information handling and service.

4. Provide reliable access to document collection of libraries by creating on-line union

catalogue of serials, theses/dissertations, books, monographs and non-book materials

(manuscripts, audio-visuals, computer data, multimedia, etc.) in various libraries in

India.

5. Provide access to bibliographic information sources with citations, abstracts etc.

through indigenously created databases of the Sectoral Information Centres

of NISSAT, UGC Information Centres, City Networks and such others and by

establishing gateways for on-line accessing of national and international databases

held by national and international information networks and centres respectively.

6. Develop new methods and techniques for archival of valuable information available

as manuscripts and information documents in different Indian Languages, in the form

of digital images using high density storage media.

7. Optimize information resource utilization through shared cataloguing, inter-library

loan service, catalogue production, collection development and thus avoiding

duplication in acquisition to the extent possible.

8. Enable the users dispersed all over the country, irrespective of location and distance,

to have access to information regarding serials, theses/dissertations,

books, monographs and non-book materials by locating the sources wherefrom

available and to obtain it through the facilities of INFLIBNET and union catalogue of

documents.

9. Create databases of projects, institutions, specialists, etc. for providing on-line

information service.

10. Encourage co-operation among libraries, documentation centres and information

centres in the country, so that the resources can be pooled for the benefit of helping

the weaker resource centres by stronger ones.

11. Train and develop human resources in the field of computerised library operations and

networking to establish, manage and sustain INFLIBNET.

12. Facilitate academic communication amongst scientists, engineers, social scientists,

academics, faculties, researchers and students through electronic mail, file transfer,

computer/audio/video conferencing, etc.

13. Undertake system design and studies in the field of communications, computer

networking, information handling and data management.

14. Establish appropriate control and monitoring system for the communication

network and organise maintenance.

15. Collaborate with institutions, libraries, information centres and other organisations in

India and abroad in the field relevant to the objectives of the Centre.

16. Create and promote R&D and other facilities and technical positions for realising the

objectives of the Centre.

17. Generate revenue by providing consultancies and information services.