Technology Specialisation 1, 2 & 3 Compendium Torben Tambo, Hans Henrik Hansen, September 2013 Abstract: Within the Master of Science in Technology-based Business Development study program, Technology Specialisations are the recurring technological stronghold. The Technology Specialisations should hold the students focus on the technological platform of this program and ideally constitute a continuous and progressive move forward inspired by the spirit of engineering. This compendium gives broad information and guidelines on many aspects of the Technology Specialisation project courses relating to aim, method, mentor company roles, individual versus group performance, scientific motivation and many other issues. The content is subject to change and ongoing revision, and detailed information can be provided by the mentioned contact persons – supervisors, secretariate, and Programme Coordinator. The Gedser Wind Turbine 1957 – 1967. Considered as the ”mother” of modern wind energy.
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Technology
Specialisation 1, 2 & 3
Compendium Torben Tambo, Hans Henrik Hansen, September 2013
Abstract: Within the Master of Science in Technology-based Business Development study program,
Technology Specialisations are the recurring technological stronghold. The Technology Specialisations
should hold the students focus on the technological platform of this program and ideally constitute a
continuous and progressive move forward inspired by the spirit of engineering. This compendium gives
broad information and guidelines on many aspects of the Technology Specialisation project courses relating
to aim, method, mentor company roles, individual versus group performance, scientific motivation and
many other issues. The content is subject to change and ongoing revision, and detailed information can be
provided by the mentioned contact persons – supervisors, secretariate, and Programme Coordinator.
The fundamental idea of TS ........................................................................................................................... 3
The regular schedule of TS ................................................................................................................................ 8
Problem statement and progress seminar ........................................................................................................ 9
The role of the supervisor ............................................................................................................................... 10
Groups and list of responsibility ...................................................................................................................... 12
Mentor company ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Examples of TS ................................................................................................................................................. 18
Cost and expenses ........................................................................................................................................... 20
How to fail? Checking if you report meets the minimum requirements ........................................................ 21
Harvard Referencing System ........................................................................................................................... 22
Elements of a Harvard-style reference ........................................................................................................ 22
1. It extends previous laboratory work, making supplementary in-depth experiments and/or testing equipment and prototypes with future users. These abilities are central for further work in the industry where tasks in the future require the ability to learn new technological knowledge fast and in-depth.
2. It involves carrying out experimental work within the framework of a course at the foreign university. The course should be preapproved by the Programme Coordinator.
3. It involves carrying out an in-depth desk study on existing material of a chosen technology. This model accommodates students being either abroad or domestic without options of following given courses.
4. Implementation studies of technology included in Technology Specialization I and II. Implementation is to be seen broadly as the conversion or progression from experiment to operations, e.g.
Report The technology specialisation is documented in English in a report. A report from a technology specialisation project consists of the following parts:
1. Abstract (optional) 2. Introduction to the subject and a clear, workable problem statement 3. Methods of data acquisition and optional planning of experiment 4. Theory of the technology with sufficient literature search. 5. Empirical works and experimental results 6. Discussion relating theory and empirical results to the problem statement 7. Summary, conclusion and suggestions for further work 8. Literature references.
Abstract (optional but recommendable) The abstract could take the form of an executive summary of 1-2 pages encompassing:
1. Motivation for and account of the project idea and its main problem 2. Summing up of the main theories and the theoretical framework or model 3. The method applied 4. Summing up of the most important results 5. Possible perspectives, future work (TS2 and 3)
The report body The text and argument developed should be well-proportioned. This means that problem statement, theory, method, empirical data, analysis and conclusions should respond to each other in size and content. It should represent a well-developed and balanced argument, and discuss credibility of sources. Results/recommendations The report should lead to a clear recommendation for deciding upon the researched techniques, preferring one technique over the others on a systematic argument. It should bring something innovative to the company. Discussion The discussion is important to show a critical and well reflected position of the student to the topic of choice. Conclusion and suggestions for further work
The final section of the report should encompass reflection about what the next technology specialisation
should contain and how it would continue and build on the results through TS2 and TS3.
Establishing relationships with a mentor company Relationship
Initial supervisor meeting Initial problem formulation
Week 4 Hand in of problem statement in close collaboration with supervisor
Guidelines for the project
Second supervisor meeting activity preferably at the company premises
Deepened understanding
Week 7 Hand in of presentation for progress seminar A presentation for general commenting
Week 8 Progress seminar Fellow student and supervisor feedback
Third supervisor meeting activity Inclusion of remarks from seminar
Week 17 Supervisors recommendation of student to attend examination
Ready for exam
Week 19 Hand in of report Evaluation process Making of a presentation
Week 21 Examination 10 minutes students presentation of the subject 10 minutes discussion between supervisor, examiner and student 5 minutes evaluation
Pass / not pass
For students with finalised mentor company agreements, at least one meeting during the semester is
Problem statement and progress seminar After approximately 1 month the student should hand in Problem Statement by e-mail to the secretariat. This is to secure progress and direction of the project within the relatively limited timeframe available. The Problem Statement is basically a working document between supervisor and student potentially also the mentor company. The Problem Statement would typically be around 10 lines of text stating project scope, method chosen, relationships and partners, technological foundation, delimitation and potential outcome. The Problem Statement should preferably be enclosed in the annex of the final report. For the progress seminar, the student must hand in a presentation. The presentation could be Powerpoint, PDF or others. It should be approximately 5 slides describing the project at its current stage elaborating from the Problem Statement on chosen theory, empirical work, analytical considerations, etc. At the progress seminar, the students are provided with sparring by other supervisors and his/her fellow students. For that reason it is recommendable, that the presentation ends up with questions to the audience. Recommendable is also that you appoint an opponent among the fellow students, and furthermore a fellow students to take notes while you are presenting and participating in the discussion. Dates for the progress seminar are posted on the Blackboard and in the calendar system. A more precise schedule for the progress seminar will be provided in due time.
Deadline for handing in the presentation is 7 days before the first progress seminar date. Submission info
will be posted during the semester.
Appendix 1 in your report is suggested to be a one page summary of the progress seminar
- What did other students contribute with to your presentation
To be eligible for examination you must perform on the gates set up in the semester schedule finalising
with the hand in of your report. The report will be reviewed by the supervisor and an internal examiner. At
the examination you will have 10 minutes scheduled for your presentation. Here you can use
- Spoken word
- Electronic presentation (most does)
- Posters
- Physical items, demo’s
- Blackboard/whiteboard
- Multimedia – take care that it actually works!!
Afterwards there is 10 minutes for discussion of the subject. The more you can justify your proficiency in
the subject, the surer you are to pass, but structure and series of argumentation in your report is also
critical. Don´t include findings in your presentation not presented in your report, but feel free to elaborate
on your written findings.
The evaluation will always reflect a combined view on the report and the presentation.
Criteria for excellent performance Compliance to the above examination form. For a maximum performance, the student is furthermore evaluated on: - Ability to create a strong link between the subject of choice and the scientific method and choice and
critics of theory, leading to a substantiated chose of technology.
- The novelty of the retrieved technology.
- The amount of externally retrieved data and networking through the Internet, scientific articles, expert interview, focus group interview, observations, experiments, statistical data.
- The depth of the analysis and the ability to limit the analysis.
- The rigour in aligning technical alternatives for the given issue
- The students’ ability to exemplify, put into perspective, and critically assess the result.
- No or insignificant errors in the paper, presentation and oral examination.
- The novelty of the result.
- The validity and probability of implementing the solution.
- Correct grammar and an attractive and readable language. Evaluation TS’ are evaluated with “approved”/”not approved”. It is expected that TS2 experimentally will be evaluated with the Danish 12-step grading system.
Harvard Referencing System The basic idea of the Harvard reference system is to make references in the text with “author-date” and to provide an alphabetic list separately at the end of the paper with the same organisation. For example like this in the text: "While information sharing between the private and public sector has improved since 9/11, sharing of information requires additional enhancements (Dacey, 2002)." "Although much recent research has focused on the importance of long-term strategic relationships (Morgan and Hunt, 1994; Wilson, 1995)." The quoted work will then be listed in full, in alphabetical order, in a section entitled "References" at the end of the article. References should be used whenever you use a direct quotation from another author, also when you are quoting someone else's opinion or research. Sometimes, the reference may be direct, as in the second example; at others it may be indirect, as in the first, when the author is acknowledging that he or she has taken the statement from someone else's work.
Elements of a Harvard-style reference The basic structure is to list alphabetically by lead author's surname or name of organisation (i.e. the surname that appears first in the work quoted). While conventions of use of italics, quotations etc. will vary according to the media, the basic structure is as follows:
Surname, initials
(year of publication)
Title
Publisher, place of publication, journal, etc.
Exact reference. Putting references in order Entries should follow alphabetical order of author surname.
If there is more than one entry by the same author, put them in date order of publication.
If an author wrote more than one of your references in a single year, then use 2000a, 2000b, etc. References by more than one author always follow single author references.
Three authors follows two, four authors follows three and so on.
Sort alphabetically using lead author's surname first, then second author, then third author etc.
Sorting by names in this way is more important than sorting by date. Punctuation should be as follows:
for two authors, separate by "and", without a comma
for multiple authors, separate by a comma, but the last name should be linked by "and" without the comma.
Richardson, A. (1988) Richardson, A. (1989a) Richardson, A. (1989b) Richardson, A. and Brown, B., (1988) Richardson, A. and Smith, S., (1986) Richardson, A., Brown, B. and Smith, S. (1983) Ingram, T.N., Schwepker, C.H. and Hutson, D. (1992) Ingram, T.N., Laforge, R.W., Schwepker, C.H. Jr, Avila, R.A. and Williams, M.R. (1997) Ingram, T.N., Laforge, R.W., Avila, R.A. and Schwepker, C.H. Jr and Williams, M.R. (2001) How to cite different source types Books
Surname, initials
(year of publication)
Title
Edition
Publisher
Place of publication. Example Abbott, A. (1988), System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor , University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. Patton, M.Q. (1990), Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods , 2nd ed., Sage, Newbury Park, CA. A chapter from an edited book
Surname, A.N.
(year of publication)
"Title of chapter"
in Editor surname, initials (Ed.)
Title of Book
Edition
Publisher
Place of publication
Chapter page numbers. Example Bourdieu, P.(1977), "The forms of capital", in Richardson, J.G. (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, Greenwood Press, New York, NY, pp. 311-56. A translated work
Place of publication. Example Bourdieu, P. (1977), Outline of a Theory of Practice, translated by Nice, R., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Journal articles
Surname, A.N.
(year of publication)
"Article title"
Journal Title
Volume number, Issue number (if it exists)
Article page numbers. Example Baron, R.M. and Kenny, D.A. (1986), "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 51, pp. 1173-82. Guthrie, J. and Parker, L. (1997) "Editorial: Celebration, reflection and a future: a decade of AAAJ", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal , Vol. 10 No.1, pp. 3-8 Electronic sources NB this refers to a source which is only available electronically, and not to sources which you may have accessed electronically but which are also available in print form, such as an article from an scientific journal accessed via the Web. These follow the same convention of referencing as for printed sources, but include elements unique to the Web:
Name
(year of publication)
"Article title"
available at: full url
(accessed date) For the last two elements, please try to remember the following conventions: When giving the url, "http://" should only be included if the address does not include "www"
(accessed date) is important because of the lack of permanence of Internet sites. Example Better Business Bureau (2001), "Third-party assurance boosts online purchasing", available at: http://bbbonline.org/about/press/2001/101701.asp (accessed 7 January 2002). Hummingbird (2002), Hummingbird corporate website, available at: www.hummingbird.com (accessed 2 January 2002). Leeds Metropolitan University (2002), "Business Start-Up@Leeds Met", available at: www.lmu.ac.uk/city/bus_startup.htm Pitkow, J. and Kehoel, C. (1997), "GVU's WWW user surveys", available at: www.gvu.gatech.edu Ballantyne, D. (2000), "Dialogue and knowledge generation: two sides of the same coin in relationship marketing", paper presented at the 2nd WWW Conference on Relationship Marketing, November 1999-
February 2000, Monash University and MCB University Press, available at: www.mcb.co.uk/services/conferen/nov99/rm/paper3.html An electronic journal would be referenced as follows:
Surname, A.N.
(year of publication)
"Article title"
Journal Title
Volume number, Issue number
Article page numbers
Available at: url
(accessed date) Example Swaminathan, V., Lepkoswka-White, E. and Rao, B.P. (1999), "Browsers or buyers in cyberspace? An investigation of electronic factors influencing electronic exchange", Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 5 No. 2, available at: www. ascusc.org/ jcmc/vol5/ issue2/ Conference papers Some papers may not be published in journals but may be delivered at a conference and then published as part of the proceedings of that conference, in which case, use one of the following styles as appropriate. Example Lodi, E., Veseley, M. and Vigen, J. (2000), "Link managers for grey literature", New Frontiers in Grey Literature, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Grey Literature, Washington, DC, October 4-5, 1999, GreyNet, Amsterdam, pp. 116-34.
Naude, P. and Holland, C. (1998), "Marketing in the information domain", in Halinen-Kaila, A. and Nummela, N. (Eds), Interaction, Relationships and Networks: Visions for the Future, Proceedings of the 14th Annual IMP Conference, pp. 245-62.
Stauss, B. and Weinlich, B. (1995), "Process-oriented measurement of service quality by applying the sequential incident technique", paper presented at the Fifth Workshop on Quality Management in Services, EIASM, Tilburg.
Strandvik, T. and Storbacka, K. (1996), "Managing relationship quality", paper presented at the QUIS5 Quality in Services Conference, University of Karlstad, Karlstad.
As you see, some of the above references give the date of the conference, others do not; if in doubt, follow the convention used by the conference. Government or commercial reports Particularly when writing a case study, you may want to refer to company or government documents. In which case, the organization may become the author and the form of entry would be as follows:
Organization name
(year of publication)
Title of report
Publisher and place of publication (may be same as author). Example Apollo Enterprises (1993), Annual Report , p. 8. Page 11 of 11
Ernst and Ernst (1978), Social Responsibility Disclosure: 1978 Survey, Ernst and Ernst, Cleveland, OH. Bank of England (2003), Quarterly Report on Small Business Statistics, Bank of England, London. Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) (2002), White Paper on Enterprise, Skills and Innovation, DTI, London. European Commission (1998), Fostering Entrepreneurship in Europe: Priorities for the Future, European Commission, Brussels. Yorkshire Forward (1999), Regional Economic Strategy, Yorkshire Forward, Leeds. Some guidelines to remember for all source types If all the above seems complicated, it's worth remembering that the Harvard system is actually quite logical. Bear in mind the following guidelines:
The entry always begins with the author's surname, followed by initials, followed by the date in brackets.
Authors' surnames and initials are always inverted, i.e. Other, A.N. (whether you are referring to the author of an article/chapter, or the editor of the work within which the work is found).
If more than one entry by the same author, put in order of dates.
Publications, whether book or journal titles, are always in italic, with significant words only capitalized. Make sure that the journal title is exactly the same, e.g. use of &/and.
Excerpts from publications, i.e. book chapters, journal articles, always come in "quotes", with only the first word, proper names, and German nouns, capitalized.
The name of the publisher is shown before the place of publication (as it would be in an address). Abbreviations for US states should be in short capitalized form, e.g. CA, MA, rather than Ca., Mass., and should be added as necessary.
Electronic references follow the same conventions as printed ones, followed by "available at:" and the URL. Only retain "http://" if the address does NOT include www. Also, state the date when last accessed (accessed ...).
Use commas to separate elements of the entry. Source and more information This note has been copied almost directly from the publishers Emeralds guidelines, which can be found at http://info.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/harvard.htm?part=2 Another source is Anglia Ruskin University: University Library Guide to the Harvard Style of Referencing July