UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT MULTI-YEAR EXPERT MEETING ON COMMODITIES AND DEVELOPMENT 9-10 April 2014 Technology options to flexibly cope with stochastic renewable resources including the role of biofuels or synthetic fuels by Prof Daniel Favrat Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Energy Center and Member of WFEO Executive and Energy Committees ( World Federation of Engineering Organizations) The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNCTAD.
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UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
MULTI-YEAR EXPERT MEETING ON COMMODITIES AND DEVELOPMENT
9-10 April 2014
Technology options to flexibly cope with stochastic renewable resources including
the role of biofuels or synthetic fuels
by
Prof Daniel Favrat Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Energy Center and
Member of WFEO Executive and Energy Committees ( World Federation of Engineering Organizations)
The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of
UNCTAD.
Technology options to flexibly cope with stochastic renewable resources including
the role of biofuels or synthetic fuels
Prof Daniel Favrat
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Energy Center and member of WFEO Executive and Energy Committees ( World Federation of Engineering Organizations) 1 1
Major trends Worldwide
2
400 800 1200 1600 2000 year
0
1000
5000
7000
[Millio
ns]
population
0.
10
20
30
en
erg
ie [
Gte
p]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
yearly primary energy consumption
En
erg
y
450ppm
230
250
270
290
310
330
350
CO
2 [
pp
m]
mean CO2 concentration in atmosphere
400ppm (2013)
Global environment is a major concern
Expert meeting on commodities Favrat 2014
We need innovation towards less
degradation and lower emissions • Physics: conservation of mass and energy
• The confusion about the term energy:
• from the Greek word , « containing work»
• But: driving forces result from unbalances (of exergy
levels, of concentration in materials and fluids,....)
• Nature is a story of degradation: By degrading high
“exergy” value from the Sun, Earth is able to generate
vegetation and ultimately fuels and food for animals and
humans
• Degradation is part of life..... But
3
would be sustainable if the tremendous
potential of the Sun-Earth-Space
unbalance would be used properly to:
• satisfy energy services
• recycle materials and wastes
• clean or dessalinate water , .....
Hence efficient use of commodities and
renewable Expert meeting on commodities Favrat 2014
Degradation is part of life ...But
4
The world energy demand until 2035 IEA current policies
IEA Outlook 2010
A rather modest target !
Renewable 13%
Renewable 14.5%
Non linear scale Worl
d e
nerg
y d
em
an
d [
Mto
e]
5
Share of electricity generation by source (New Policy Scenario)