Technology Interactions Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Manufacturing.

Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Technology InteractionsTechnology Interactions

Manufacturing technologies produce industrial and consumer products.

Technology Interactions Chapter 5 Manufacturing Technologies Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

changes raw or processed materials into usable products.

occurs in manufacturing plants, or factories.

A Manufactured WorldA Manufactured WorldManufacturing...


Product DesignProduct DesignMust meet the needs and wants of customers.

Should be cost-effective to manufacture.


Design for ManufacturabilityDesign for Manufacturability

Uses readily available materials.

Uses materials that can be recycled.

Uses existing production processes.


MaterialsMaterialsRaw materials occur in nature. They are usually processed into industrial materials.

Industrial materials are used to make products.


Processing MaterialsProcessing MaterialsPrimary processes change raw materials into industrial materials.

♦ Mechanical, such as cutting or crushing

♦ Thermal, such as heating or melting

♦ Chemical, such as mixing materials


Processing MaterialsProcessing MaterialsSecondary processes turn industrial materials into finished products.

♦ Forming (rolling, casting, forging, stamping, extrusion)

♦ Separating (cutting)

♦ Combining (mixing, mechanical fastening, soldering, brazing, welding, coating)

♦ Conditioning (thermal, chemical, mechanical)


ProductionProductionBoth primary and secondary processes are used in manufacturing.

Many different processing techniques may be needed to produce one type of product.


Four Types of ProductionFour Types of ProductionCustom production – Products are made to order.

Job-lot production – Products are made in a specific quantity.

Continuous production – Identical products are mass produced in large numbers.

Mass customization – This process combines elements of custom and mass production. Standard products are individualized.


Quality AssuranceQuality AssuranceQuality assurance is a system that checks whether products meet all quality standards.


PackagingPackagingPackaging is designed to continuously protect a product, from the time it is manufactured until the customer buys and uses it.


UPCUPCUniversal product codes (UPC) assist with product inventory and sales control.


RFIDRFIDRadio frequency identification (RFID) can be used to track products during all stages of transportation and delivery.


DistributionDistributionAfter production, products may go to another manufacturer, a wholesaler, a retailer, or directly to the customer.

♦ A wholesaler purchases in large quantities and then sells in smaller amounts to retailers.

♦ Retailers sell products directly to consumers.

♦ Consumers can sometimes order directly from the manufacturer.


SalesSalesManufacturers may advertise their products to promote sales.

Salespeople are usually paid a commission. This means the more products they sell, the more money they make.


CADCADComputer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and software to make accurate drawings of parts and products.

CAD can show what the product will look like, how it will work, how it should be made, and what materials will be used to make it.


CAMCAMComputer-aided manufacturing (CAM) uses a computer to operate and control many machines and processes.

CAD drawings may be input directly into a CAM system.


CNCCNCComputer numerical control (CNC) uses computer-controlled machines to perform a series of operations over and over.

CNC machines can be reprogrammed to make different parts.


CIMCIMComputer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to monitor and control every aspect of manufacturing.

Computers link design and production operations with purchasing, accounting, inventory, shipping, sales, and payroll.


PLCsPLCsProgrammable logic controllers (PLCs) are small computers that help control machines.

PLCs are used to automate many processes, such as the speed and sequence in an assembly line.


Rapid ManufacturingRapid ManufacturingRapid manufacturing sends designs from a CAD system to a 3D printer. The printer builds the product layer-by-layer.

The techniques are the same ones used for rapid prototypes, except that the process is repeated to make tens or hundreds of actual products for sale.


NanotechnologyNanotechnologyNanotechnology is the use of materials at the atomic or molecular level.

The goal of nanotechnology is to create materials or products that are lighter, stronger, and programmable.


Lean ManufacturingLean ManufacturingContinuous improvement

Just-in-time inventory management

Teamwork

Work cells


Continuous ImprovementContinuous ImprovementDetails are important.

It is always possible to make a good system even better.


Just-in-Time Inventory Management

Just-in-Time Inventory Management

Designed to keep only the immediately needed parts on hand.

Saves costs because less storage space is needed and there are fewer unused parts.


TeamworkTeamworkTeamwork is people working together and relying on one another.


Work CellsWork CellsGroups of people work together in small areas, or cells.

Each cell contains all of the equipment needed to make products.


Automatic ManufacturingAutomatic Manufacturing

Uses computer-controlled machines at every stage of manufacturing.

A few highly skilled technicians repair machines that break down and solve unexpected problems.


Personal Safety in Manufacturing Plants

Personal Safety in Manufacturing Plants

To reduce injuries, workers wear safety equipment, such as safety glasses, hard hats, and steel-toed shoes.

Workers rotate tasks to reduce repetitive motion injuries.


Safety ColorsSafety Colors

Safety colors in the workplace signal safety messages.

♦ Red means danger or emergency.

♦ Orange means be on guard.

♦ White means storage.

♦ Green means first aid.

♦ Blue means information or caution.

Technology Interactions Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Manufacturing.

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