Technology….. ….Inkjet Printing Università Degli Studi di Catania Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica e dei Sistemi
Technologyhellip hellipInkjet Printing
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
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to d
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gegn
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Ele
ttri
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lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed vs Conventional Electronics
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Introduction
Printed electronics is a set of printing methods
used to create electrically functional devices Paper has been often proposed to be used as substrate but due the rough surface and high humidity absorption other materials such as plastic ceramics and silicon has been applied more widely Several printing processes have been piloted and printing preferably utilizes common printing equipment in the graphics arts industry
Printed Electronics
Printed Sensors
Inkjet Wearable electronics (Active clothing)
Smart Labels (RFID+sensors)
Disposable devices (biomedical) hellip
Low CostsLow Performances
Flexible substrates
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Nearly market-ready devices Flexible OLED
SONY Flexible OLED
Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) is a field effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel
Flexible displays make possible a new set of interesting applications This technology is nearly ready for the market (High Costs Limited lifetime)
Barcodes are on all products today but the only significant data they contain is price To identify products individually
(for example by expiration date or other information) whatrsquos needed are
so-called intelligent labels that use RFID (radio frequency identification)
technology These radio chips which are affixed to products are opening up new possibilities in delivery inventory management and labeling especially
because they can be read from a distance
Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip
Technology Advantages Drawbacks
Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production
Desktop Inkjet printers
good resolution low cost system low cost production
restricted number of conductive materials
Professional inkjet systems
high resolution several materials Low cost production
high cost system
Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing
good resolution several materials
Mask time consuming high cost
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
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eria
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ica
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iste
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Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits
All printed electronic circuits
Electronics Engineering
Chemistry
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills
Physics
MEMS amp NEMS Technologies
Inks
Printing Systems
Substrates
C
H
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
S
Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
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arti
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to d
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Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing
Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom
+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste
Screen Printing a contact printing system
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems
Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates
bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces
bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications
bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
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arti
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to d
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Ele
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iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
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gegn
eria
Ele
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Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed vs Conventional Electronics
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Introduction
Printed electronics is a set of printing methods
used to create electrically functional devices Paper has been often proposed to be used as substrate but due the rough surface and high humidity absorption other materials such as plastic ceramics and silicon has been applied more widely Several printing processes have been piloted and printing preferably utilizes common printing equipment in the graphics arts industry
Printed Electronics
Printed Sensors
Inkjet Wearable electronics (Active clothing)
Smart Labels (RFID+sensors)
Disposable devices (biomedical) hellip
Low CostsLow Performances
Flexible substrates
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Nearly market-ready devices Flexible OLED
SONY Flexible OLED
Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) is a field effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel
Flexible displays make possible a new set of interesting applications This technology is nearly ready for the market (High Costs Limited lifetime)
Barcodes are on all products today but the only significant data they contain is price To identify products individually
(for example by expiration date or other information) whatrsquos needed are
so-called intelligent labels that use RFID (radio frequency identification)
technology These radio chips which are affixed to products are opening up new possibilities in delivery inventory management and labeling especially
because they can be read from a distance
Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip
Technology Advantages Drawbacks
Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production
Desktop Inkjet printers
good resolution low cost system low cost production
restricted number of conductive materials
Professional inkjet systems
high resolution several materials Low cost production
high cost system
Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing
good resolution several materials
Mask time consuming high cost
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits
All printed electronic circuits
Electronics Engineering
Chemistry
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills
Physics
MEMS amp NEMS Technologies
Inks
Printing Systems
Substrates
C
H
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
S
Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing
Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom
+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste
Screen Printing a contact printing system
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems
Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates
bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces
bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications
bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Introduction
Printed electronics is a set of printing methods
used to create electrically functional devices Paper has been often proposed to be used as substrate but due the rough surface and high humidity absorption other materials such as plastic ceramics and silicon has been applied more widely Several printing processes have been piloted and printing preferably utilizes common printing equipment in the graphics arts industry
Printed Electronics
Printed Sensors
Inkjet Wearable electronics (Active clothing)
Smart Labels (RFID+sensors)
Disposable devices (biomedical) hellip
Low CostsLow Performances
Flexible substrates
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Nearly market-ready devices Flexible OLED
SONY Flexible OLED
Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) is a field effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel
Flexible displays make possible a new set of interesting applications This technology is nearly ready for the market (High Costs Limited lifetime)
Barcodes are on all products today but the only significant data they contain is price To identify products individually
(for example by expiration date or other information) whatrsquos needed are
so-called intelligent labels that use RFID (radio frequency identification)
technology These radio chips which are affixed to products are opening up new possibilities in delivery inventory management and labeling especially
because they can be read from a distance
Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip
Technology Advantages Drawbacks
Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production
Desktop Inkjet printers
good resolution low cost system low cost production
restricted number of conductive materials
Professional inkjet systems
high resolution several materials Low cost production
high cost system
Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing
good resolution several materials
Mask time consuming high cost
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits
All printed electronic circuits
Electronics Engineering
Chemistry
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills
Physics
MEMS amp NEMS Technologies
Inks
Printing Systems
Substrates
C
H
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
S
Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing
Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom
+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste
Screen Printing a contact printing system
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems
Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates
bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces
bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications
bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Nearly market-ready devices Flexible OLED
SONY Flexible OLED
Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) is a field effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel
Flexible displays make possible a new set of interesting applications This technology is nearly ready for the market (High Costs Limited lifetime)
Barcodes are on all products today but the only significant data they contain is price To identify products individually
(for example by expiration date or other information) whatrsquos needed are
so-called intelligent labels that use RFID (radio frequency identification)
technology These radio chips which are affixed to products are opening up new possibilities in delivery inventory management and labeling especially
because they can be read from a distance
Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip
Technology Advantages Drawbacks
Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production
Desktop Inkjet printers
good resolution low cost system low cost production
restricted number of conductive materials
Professional inkjet systems
high resolution several materials Low cost production
high cost system
Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing
good resolution several materials
Mask time consuming high cost
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
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ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits
All printed electronic circuits
Electronics Engineering
Chemistry
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills
Physics
MEMS amp NEMS Technologies
Inks
Printing Systems
Substrates
C
H
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
S
Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
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gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
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ica
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iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing
Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom
+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste
Screen Printing a contact printing system
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems
Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates
bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces
bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications
bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
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eria
Ele
ttri
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lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
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arti
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Ele
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e d
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iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Review of Printing technologies in pillshellip
Technology Advantages Drawbacks
Screen printing several materials masks low resolution time consuming high cost production
Desktop Inkjet printers
good resolution low cost system low cost production
restricted number of conductive materials
Professional inkjet systems
high resolution several materials Low cost production
high cost system
Mixed Screen amp Inkjet printing
good resolution several materials
Mask time consuming high cost
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits
All printed electronic circuits
Electronics Engineering
Chemistry
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills
Physics
MEMS amp NEMS Technologies
Inks
Printing Systems
Substrates
C
H
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
S
Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing
Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom
+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste
Screen Printing a contact printing system
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems
Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates
bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces
bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications
bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
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iste
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Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors All printed Electronic Circuits
All printed electronic circuits
Electronics Engineering
Chemistry
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills
Physics
MEMS amp NEMS Technologies
Inks
Printing Systems
Substrates
C
H
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
S
Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
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iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing
Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom
+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste
Screen Printing a contact printing system
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems
Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates
bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces
bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications
bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
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Ele
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ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
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Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Electronics Engineering
Chemistry
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Required Skills
Physics
MEMS amp NEMS Technologies
Inks
Printing Systems
Substrates
C
H
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
S
Before entering the market various technological improvements are still needed
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing
Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom
+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste
Screen Printing a contact printing system
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems
Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates
bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces
bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications
bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Screen Printing
Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machine wwwkeywell-printercom
+ Many commercial inks are available + High throughput + Thick layers can be easily obtained + Many different materials can be easiliy printed even with high viscosity - Requires high costs masks - Ink waste
Screen Printing a contact printing system
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems
Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates
bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces
bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications
bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems
Why inkjet printing bull + Digital non-impact printing method additive bull + All kinds of substrates
bull Rigid or flexible substrates bull Rough or smooth surfaces 3D surfaces
bull + Accurate high resolution high speed bull + Possibility for mass customization bull + Low material consumption bull + Easy to integrate with existing production lines bull + Inks for all kinds of applications
bull Printing inks bull Functional inks bullConductive inks
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet printing methods
bull Continuos Printing bull DOD (smaller drop size higher placement accuracy)
bull Thermal DOD (needs water thus restricting possible inks) bull Piezoelectric DOD (can be suited for a variety of solvents)
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Continuos Printing System
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Piezoelectric Printheads
Less complex system no recirculation More energy to produce a droplet Typical rate tens of kHz Smaller drop size higher placement accuracy Low-end printer market
water 089 mPabulls xylene 093 mPabulls ethanol 107 mPabulls mercury 153 mPabulls olive oil 81x mPabulls
Acceptable range 05-40 mPabulls
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Inkjet Printing Systems
Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson) Dimatix DMP 2800
wwwdimatixcom
Microdrop inkjet system wwwmicrodropde
Litrex M-Series inkjet system wwwlitrexcom
Printing systems designed
or optimized for the application
Precision and accuracy Throughput speed and
productivity Maintenance and
reliability Electronic fluids
formulated to meet application standards
Ink jet print engine engineered for the
application Drop volume velocity
and placement control Robust and resistant to
electronic fluids High and precise drop
throw rate Wide range of substrates
and surface properties
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Dip
arti
men
to d
i In
gegn
eria
Ele
ttri
ca E
lett
ron
ica
e d
ei S
iste
mi
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Printed Electronics Inks
INKS To design printed electronics one needs a number of different materials that have completely different features but need to be adjusted to each other The most important materials are
Conductors electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes
Semiconductors electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes
Dielectrics electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers
Functional a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
Conductors
There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing Often custom inks formulation are required
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PEDOTPSS
The PEDOTPSS in ldquoourrdquo language It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3 wt solids) (Sigma AldrichHC StarckBayerAGFA etc)
It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilutionfiltering)
Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics Solid content 12 ndash 14 Viscosity 60 ndash 100 mPas (olive oil = 81 mPas) It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPas)
pH-value 15 ndash 25 Conductivity max 10 Scm (depending on the type of coating formulation) Density at 20 degC 1003 gcm^3 Mean particle size approx 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging) Surf tension at 20 degC 71 mNm (that will determine the adhesion)
3cm
02cm 01mm
RPEDOTPSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 025 μΩ
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive polymers PANI
PANI or Polyaniline
is a conducting polymer Although it was discovered over 150 years ago only recently has polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its high electrical conductivity Sigma Aldrich (650013) ndash PANI main properties
Concentration 2-3 wt (dispersion in xylene) Particle size lt 400 nm Conductivity 10-20 Scm (film) Viscosity 3 mPas Density 09 gml 25 degC
It has an acidbase doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor
sensors
We will use it as a functional polymer (gas sensors)
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Universitagrave Degli Studi di Catania
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks
Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks
Price 400 eurokg 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Conductivity Low (10 Scm typical) High (gt 10 kScm)
Cure temperature Low (50 ndash 100 degC) High (300 ndash 500 degC)
Preprocessing DilutionFiltering None
Adhesion Medium-Low Very good
Compatibility Good performances even with common desktop printer printheads
Only dedicated Piezoelectric Printheads
Availability Few general purpose dispersions
Many different commercial inks application specific
Conductive Polymers
Metal Particle Inks
VS
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors Metal Particle inks
Price 5000 ndash 10000 eurokg
Cabot - CCI 300 httpwwwcabot-corpcom
A functioning 950 MHz RFID tag with Spectra SE128 printed antenna
Inkjet printed test pattern demonstrated on variety of substrates
1048707 Paper PET PEN 1048707 FR4 polyimide 1048707 Display glass ITO coated glass Si
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 13
Printer Epson Stylus color 480 SXU Plates PEDOTPSS (Bayer - Baytron P) Dielectric PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI after heating) R = 17 MΩ C = 50 pF τ = 085 ms
All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing technique Yi Liu Tianhong Cui Kody Varahramyan
Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University 911 Hergot Avenue PO Box 10137 Ruston LA 71272 USA Received 17 November 2002 received in revised form 28 January 2003 accepted 31 January 2003
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 23
Printer Microdrop Ink PEDOTPSS (Clevios PH 500)
Inkjet Printing of Microsensors Hussein Al-Chami Student Member IEEE and Edmond Cretu Member IEEE
Department of Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Electronics Inkjet Printed Sensors SOTA Review 33
Process Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet (Dimatix) for the PANI Ink Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink
Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley Aoife Morrin Malcolm R Smyth Anthony J Killard
Sensors and Separations Group School of Chemical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
Evolution of inkjet printed droplet of nanoPANI solution over time
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Real device
LAYOUT
Substrate membrane
Resistive sensor Final device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Resistive Pressure sensors
Exp
erim
en
tal
set-
up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Bottom electrode Oring Top Electrode
L
A
Y
O
U
T
Real device
Printed SensorsDIEEI Capacitive Pressure sensors
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-01
0
01
02
03
Tempo (s)
Pre
ssio
ne
(P
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-05
0
05
1
15
Tempo (s)
Vo
ut (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
0
10
Tempo (s)
Se
nsib
ilitagrave
(V
Pa
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Pre
ssu
re (
Pa)
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
L= half-width from strain gauges to the point where it enters the mass b= basic support h= thick paper E= module of Young
2
6
Ebh
FLmgF
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
An experimental set-up was realized for the device characterization which exploits the following relationship between an applied load and the strain
l= 2 s=t= 004
l= 2 s=t= 004
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Device
number
Width Tracks(m) Spacing (m) Device Leght(cm)
1 300 300 1
2 300 300 15
3 300 300 2
4 400 400 1
5 400 400 15
6 400 400 2
7 200 200 15
8 200 200 1
9 200 200 2
10 100 100 1
11 100 100 15
12 100 100 2
Device Leght(cm)
Tracks Width (m)
Spacing ( m)
DR R0 = G ( dl l ) = G
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
LAYOUT
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Strain Gauges have been realized by inkjet printing techniques implemented through bulla nano-Silver ink bulla commercial printer and a silver ink
Metalonreg JS-B15P Water-based nano-Silver ink These components are electrically conductive inks designed to produce circuits on porous substrates such as paper and treated polymer films including NoveleTM IJ-220 coated PET JS-B15P ink is specially formulated for stability for piezo-ink jet printing methods
Printed SensorsDIEEI Technologies
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
An analysis of the Active areas by a optical microscope revealed a minimum spatial resolution of 200 μm (track width and spcing)
Below 200 μm
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
Over 200 μm
Electron microscopy (SEM) images of the silver layer deposited on the device The structure of the silver tracks is quite homogeneous at the inspected scales and an approximate thickness of 190 microm has been estimated
(b)
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
A dedicated socket was realized to provide electrical contacts
Printed SensorsDIEEI Strain Gauges
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
PEDOTPSS + GRAPHENE
ZnO
PEDOT PANI GRAPHENE ZnO
Cl2 X
CH4 X X
CO X X
CO2 X X
H2 X
H2S X
NO X
NO2 X X X
NH3 X X X
- Low Cost Tecnology - Commercial Printers - Good Resolution - Fast Prototyping - A lot of Printable Materials
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Development of low cost devices integrated into non-linear bistable flexible system
bull Bistable flexible PET beam (switches harvesters hellip)
bull Study and exploit the device dynamics
bull Low cost solutions for strain measurements electrodes and other passive structureshelliphellip
helliphellipinkjet printing
Non linear beamDIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
SENSOR LAB DIEEI-Catania Italy
Linear resonant devices bull Perform well when excited at their mechanical resonance bull Large sizes and masses are required at low frequencies bull Poor efficiency far from resonant operations
Non linear devices bull Overcome linear resonant devices limits bull Allow for scavenging a significant amount of energy from signals in a wide range of low frequencies
Non linear beam DIEEI Sensor LAB
End Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
There are many tools that can measure the flow but all of this are Commercial Devices bull large (8-10 cm or more) bull heavy (hundreds of grams) bull expensive ( 30 euro ndash 200 euro )
Printed Solution Printed Flow Sensor is bullCheap (Normal Inkjet Printer) bullLight (few grams) bullSmall (3-4 cm)
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Application
Very simple idea put the sensor inside a tube with a hydraulic flow To the passage of hydraulic flow the sensor will flex in proportion to the intensity of the flow itself by varying its electrical resistance
120549R = 0
120549R = X
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Pump
Sensor SG
Hydraulic Circuit Realization
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Sensors
Conditioning Acquisition Processing
Alimentation Pump
System Modeling
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Pump OFF
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Velocity 1
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Velocity 2
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Acquisition step
Mean of each step
Repeat this process for 10 acquisition
Ascending period Descending period
then average each column to obtain two Model
That I consider divide in two periods
And so onhellip
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Quadratic interpolation
Ascending Model With quadratic interpolation
Descending Model With quadratic interpolation
MODEL
MODEL
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Quadratic Calibration Diagram
Saturation
Static friction
Ascending Calibration diagram
Descending Calibration diagram
Why Probabily because at 4 velocity the SG sensor is maximum deform
Why Because at start SG sensor must overcome Static friction
Then reverse the interpolation equation and use the Accuracy Band to obtain
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Linear Calibration Diagram with a reduced operating field
But if we working with a reduced operating range for example from velocity 1 at 4 we can use a linear interpolation to obtain linear model
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
SG MATRIX FOR ESTIMATION
OF DEFORMATIONS OF
KNEE PROSTHESIS INSERT
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
APPLICATION POINTS
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
distribuzione interpolata 3D
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stress Measurement of Prosthesys Insert Layer to Verify Reliability of materials and prosthesys health
Up to 16 Strain Gauge Sensors Miniaturization Strategy
WHY
MUX
Sensing methodology bullSG Technology bullINKJET Printing bullSilver Ink
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
As can be seen from the layout shown in the figure it was tried to obtain a structure that oppose a minimum resistance to the weight application and it had a rigid base on which to fix the power sensor matrix
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Implementation of sperimental Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
It was necessary to test the repeatability of measurements using the SET-UP shown above because the presence of friction could have affected in a non-negligible effect on the measurements
5 different weights were used and the weight of the structure to build the following graph through 20 different measurements and were calculated by the software Matlab the standard deviation and the mean for each so as to obtain the range of uncertainty of the measurements
1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 640
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80taratura (b=2sigmak=3sigma)
misure (16)
peso
[g]
weights applied[g]
wei
ghts
me
asu
red
[g]
44 50 56 62 68 72
This study shows that the measurement results are repeatable and the maximum standard deviation is 08g In the figure the yellow line corresponds to 1σ the blue line corresponds to 2σ while the black band corresponds to 3σ (σ is the standard deviation and assuming a Gaussian distribution which is equal to the standard deviation)
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
PRINTED TOUCHMASS SENSOR
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
LOW State
HIGH State
COMPARATOR
- Low Cost Touch Device
- Weareable Electronic
WHY - Inkjet Printing - Capacitive Interdigitated Printed Sensor - Dielectric Constant Variation - Two Different Conditioning Approach
- Bridge Circuit and Voltage Amplification
- Frequency Modulation Technique
Methodology
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
IDT Silver Ink
Rubber Dielectric Layer
PET Substrate Protective Layer
Plexiglass Support
PET
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
SENSOR
INA111
RC BRIDGE BUFFER INSTRUM AMPLIFIER
FILTER
RECTIFIER
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
SENSOR
AC
AMP - +
FILTER + RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT CONDITIONING
ADC DEVICE
GUI amp ACQUISITION WORKSPACE
OSCILLOSCOPE
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed touch sensor
Working mode
d variation
Tested sensors
Davide Mandragrave
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Resistive ndash capacitive Wheatstones bridge
Advantages
High sensitivity
gt 200 mV
Drawbacks
Offset
waveforms out of
phase
Davide Mandragrave
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
WHY THE MODEL IS LINEAR
But hellip what about x
THE LINEAR APPROXIMATION CAN BE USED
∆Casymp1pF Casymp114pF
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
WHY THE SYSTEM IS LINEAR
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
Transduction Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
bull Number of Samples 14 bullAcquisition time 50s
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
bullFIRST TEST WHEATSTONE BRIDGE out AC
bullUncertainty u=093g (68) bullResponsivity 44 mVg bullSensitivity 081g
Calibration Diagram microTos=1s over 46000 samples
Frequency 3 kHz Amplitude 4 Vpp Power Supply +12-12 V
Gaetano Emanuele Lopez
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Heater Device
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
THE HEATER
The resistance heater translates an applied current in temperature rising LM35 sensor is a temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the scale Celsius temperature Passages to measure the temperature variations 1 INPUT=Current by a generator 2 the heater change its temperature 3 The temperature sensor (LM35) acquire this variation 4 OUTPUT= voltage 5 Visualization by Labview 6 From voltage to Temperature
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 10V Tstep= 150sec
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 300sec
From 3V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
τ = 65 sec
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
PHASE 1CARACTERIZATION OF THE HEATER
RESULTS
From 1V to 6V Tstep= 600sec
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Printed Gas Sensors
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
PHCV4 TQ (Pedot)
bullComposition 05 ml of PHCV4-TQ + 05ml of water bullGas NH3 bullIDT typology (f=finger width s= fingers spacing) 1cmx17 cm f02mm s 02 mm bullResistance R= 24 Ω
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
DESIGN OF THE PRINTED SENSOR
IDT Silver Ink thickness 200nm
PET Substrate thickness 200um
PHCV4-TQ Layer thickness 12um
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
EACH SENSIBLE LAYER REACTS TO MANY DIFFERENT GAS
Measurement Set-up
Measurement Set-up