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• Electronic collections of related dataElectronic collections of related data• Help us organize dataHelp us organize data• Turn data into informationTurn data into information
• Electronic collections of related dataElectronic collections of related data• Help us organize dataHelp us organize data• Turn data into informationTurn data into information
Database Management Systems Database Management Systems (DBMS)(DBMS)
Database Management Systems Database Management Systems (DBMS)(DBMS)
• Application software designed to acquire Application software designed to acquire and analyze dataand analyze data
• Microsoft Access, OracleMicrosoft Access, Oracle• Four main operations of a DBMS are:Four main operations of a DBMS are:
– Creating databases and entering dataCreating databases and entering data– Viewing and sorting dataViewing and sorting data– Extracting or querying data (SQL)Extracting or querying data (SQL)– Outputting dataOutputting data
• Application software designed to acquire Application software designed to acquire and analyze dataand analyze data
• Microsoft Access, OracleMicrosoft Access, Oracle• Four main operations of a DBMS are:Four main operations of a DBMS are:
– Creating databases and entering dataCreating databases and entering data– Viewing and sorting dataViewing and sorting data– Extracting or querying data (SQL)Extracting or querying data (SQL)– Outputting dataOutputting data
Managing Data:Managing Data:Information SystemsInformation Systems
Managing Data:Managing Data:Information SystemsInformation Systems
• Office support systems (OSS)Office support systems (OSS)– Microsoft OfficeMicrosoft Office
• Transaction processing system (TPS)Transaction processing system (TPS)• Management information system (MIS)Management information system (MIS)• Decision support systems (DSS)Decision support systems (DSS)
• Office support systems (OSS)Office support systems (OSS)– Microsoft OfficeMicrosoft Office
• Transaction processing system (TPS)Transaction processing system (TPS)• Management information system (MIS)Management information system (MIS)• Decision support systems (DSS)Decision support systems (DSS)
• Advantages of a networkAdvantages of a network• Client/server and peer-to-peer networksClient/server and peer-to-peer networks• Classifications of client/server networksClassifications of client/server networks• Client/server network componentsClient/server network components• Moving data in a client/server networkMoving data in a client/server network• Securing networksSecuring networks
• Advantages of a networkAdvantages of a network• Client/server and peer-to-peer networksClient/server and peer-to-peer networks• Classifications of client/server networksClassifications of client/server networks• Client/server network componentsClient/server network components• Moving data in a client/server networkMoving data in a client/server network• Securing networksSecuring networks
– Increase productivityIncrease productivity– Enable the sharing of resourcesEnable the sharing of resources– Facilitate Internet connectivityFacilitate Internet connectivity
– Increase productivityIncrease productivity– Enable the sharing of resourcesEnable the sharing of resources– Facilitate Internet connectivityFacilitate Internet connectivity
Classifications of Client/Server Classifications of Client/Server NetworksNetworks
Classifications of Client/Server Classifications of Client/Server NetworksNetworks
• LAN:LAN:– Local area networkLocal area network
• WAN:WAN:– Wide area networkWide area network
• MAN:MAN:– Metropolitan area networkMetropolitan area network– Computers linked together within a city or countyComputers linked together within a city or county
• PANPAN– Personal area networkPersonal area network
• IntranetIntranet
• LAN:LAN:– Local area networkLocal area network
• WAN:WAN:– Wide area networkWide area network
• MAN:MAN:– Metropolitan area networkMetropolitan area network– Computers linked together within a city or countyComputers linked together within a city or county
• PANPAN– Personal area networkPersonal area network
• The physical layout of computers, The physical layout of computers, transmission media, and other transmission media, and other componentscomponents
• Types of network topologies include:Types of network topologies include:– Bus topologyBus topology– Ring topologyRing topology– Star topology Star topology
Choosing a CableChoosing a CableChoosing a CableChoosing a Cable
• Maximum run lengthMaximum run length• Bandwidth Bandwidth • Bend radiusBend radius• Cable costCable cost• Installation costsInstallation costs• Susceptibility to Susceptibility to
interferenceinterference• Signal transmission Signal transmission
methodsmethods
• Maximum run lengthMaximum run length• Bandwidth Bandwidth • Bend radiusBend radius• Cable costCable cost• Installation costsInstallation costs• Susceptibility to Susceptibility to
interferenceinterference• Signal transmission Signal transmission
Network Operating Systems (NOS)Network Operating Systems (NOS)Network Operating Systems (NOS)Network Operating Systems (NOS)
• Provide the protocol that controls the Provide the protocol that controls the communication between devices on the communication between devices on the networknetwork
• Major network operating systems:Major network operating systems:– Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2003– UNIXUNIX– Novell NetWareNovell NetWare
• Provide the protocol that controls the Provide the protocol that controls the communication between devices on the communication between devices on the networknetwork
• Major network operating systems:Major network operating systems:– Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2003– UNIXUNIX– Novell NetWareNovell NetWare
• Media Access Control (MAC) address:Media Access Control (MAC) address:– Six 2-digit numbers (01:40:87:44:79:A5)Six 2-digit numbers (01:40:87:44:79:A5)– Physical address of network adapterPhysical address of network adapter– Internal network identificationInternal network identification
• Repeaters and Hubs:Repeaters and Hubs:– Amplify signals and retransmit themAmplify signals and retransmit them
• Switches and Bridges:Switches and Bridges:– Send data on a specific route through the networkSend data on a specific route through the network– Bridges send data between collision domainsBridges send data between collision domains
• Routers:Routers:– Send information between two networksSend information between two networks
• Media Access Control (MAC) address:Media Access Control (MAC) address:– Six 2-digit numbers (01:40:87:44:79:A5)Six 2-digit numbers (01:40:87:44:79:A5)– Physical address of network adapterPhysical address of network adapter– Internal network identificationInternal network identification
• Repeaters and Hubs:Repeaters and Hubs:– Amplify signals and retransmit themAmplify signals and retransmit them
• Switches and Bridges:Switches and Bridges:– Send data on a specific route through the networkSend data on a specific route through the network– Bridges send data between collision domainsBridges send data between collision domains
• Routers:Routers:– Send information between two networksSend information between two networks
• FirewallsFirewalls::– Prevent access to the network by unauthorized usersPrevent access to the network by unauthorized users– Composed of software and/or hardwareComposed of software and/or hardware– Screens and validates data packetsScreens and validates data packets– Bastion host/proxy serverBastion host/proxy server
• How does a client/server network differ How does a client/server network differ from a peer-to-peer network?from a peer-to-peer network?
• What are the different classifications of What are the different classifications of client/server networks?client/server networks?
• What components are needed to construct What components are needed to construct a client/server network?a client/server network?
• What are the various network topologies?What are the various network topologies?• What types of transmission media are What types of transmission media are
used in client/server networks?used in client/server networks?
• How does a client/server network differ How does a client/server network differ from a peer-to-peer network?from a peer-to-peer network?
• What are the different classifications of What are the different classifications of client/server networks?client/server networks?
• What components are needed to construct What components are needed to construct a client/server network?a client/server network?
• What are the various network topologies?What are the various network topologies?• What types of transmission media are What types of transmission media are
used in client/server networks?used in client/server networks?
• Managing the InternetManaging the Internet• Interaction between Internet componentsInteraction between Internet components• IP addresses and domain names IP addresses and domain names • Data transmission and protocolsData transmission and protocols• HTML and XMLHTML and XML• E-mail and instant messagingE-mail and instant messaging
• Managing the InternetManaging the Internet• Interaction between Internet componentsInteraction between Internet components• IP addresses and domain names IP addresses and domain names • Data transmission and protocolsData transmission and protocols• HTML and XMLHTML and XML• E-mail and instant messagingE-mail and instant messaging
Internet NetworkingInternet NetworkingInternet NetworkingInternet Networking
• A network of networks:A network of networks:– Worldwide network of computer systemsWorldwide network of computer systems– Communications protocolsCommunications protocols
• Network hierarchyNetwork hierarchy• T linesT lines• Network access pointsNetwork access points• Points of PresencePoints of Presence• The network modelThe network model
• Tier 1:Tier 1:– The Internet backboneThe Internet backbone– Moves large amounts of dataMoves large amounts of data– Provide access to Regional ISPsProvide access to Regional ISPs
• Tier 2:Tier 2:– Regional ISPsRegional ISPs– Provide access to local ISPsProvide access to local ISPs
• Tier 3:Tier 3:– Local ISPsLocal ISPs– Provide Internet access to homes Provide Internet access to homes
and businessesand businesses
• Tier 1:Tier 1:– The Internet backboneThe Internet backbone– Moves large amounts of dataMoves large amounts of data– Provide access to Regional ISPsProvide access to Regional ISPs
• Tier 2:Tier 2:– Regional ISPsRegional ISPs– Provide access to local ISPsProvide access to local ISPs
• Tier 3:Tier 3:– Local ISPsLocal ISPs– Provide Internet access to homes Provide Internet access to homes
Network ModelNetwork ModelNetwork ModelNetwork Model• Internet communications follows the client/server Internet communications follows the client/server
network modelnetwork model• Clients request servicesClients request services• Servers respond to requestsServers respond to requests• Types of servers include:Types of servers include:
– Web servers:Web servers: Host Web pagesHost Web pages
– Commerce servers:Commerce servers: Enables the purchase of goods and services over the Enables the purchase of goods and services over the
InternetInternet– File servers:File servers:
Provide remote storage space for files that users can Provide remote storage space for files that users can downloaddownload
• Internet communications follows the client/server Internet communications follows the client/server network modelnetwork model
• Clients request servicesClients request services• Servers respond to requestsServers respond to requests• Types of servers include:Types of servers include:
– Web servers:Web servers: Host Web pagesHost Web pages
– Commerce servers:Commerce servers: Enables the purchase of goods and services over the Enables the purchase of goods and services over the
InternetInternet– File servers:File servers:
Provide remote storage space for files that users can Provide remote storage space for files that users can downloaddownload
• Dedicated connection between two pointsDedicated connection between two points• Remains active until the transmission is Remains active until the transmission is
• Dedicated connection between two pointsDedicated connection between two points• Remains active until the transmission is Remains active until the transmission is
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):– Prepares data for transmissionPrepares data for transmission– Provides error checkingProvides error checking– Enables resending lost dataEnables resending lost data
• Internet Protocol (IP):Internet Protocol (IP):– Responsible for sending data from one computer to Responsible for sending data from one computer to
anotheranother
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):– Prepares data for transmissionPrepares data for transmission– Provides error checkingProvides error checking– Enables resending lost dataEnables resending lost data
• Internet Protocol (IP):Internet Protocol (IP):– Responsible for sending data from one computer to Responsible for sending data from one computer to
• Name that takes the place of an IP addressName that takes the place of an IP address• Sample domain name:Sample domain name:
– www.mywebsite.comwww.mywebsite.com
• Top level domains (TLD):Top level domains (TLD):– Portion of the domain name that follows the period (dot)Portion of the domain name that follows the period (dot)– Sample top level domain names:Sample top level domain names:
.com.com; ; .org.org; ; .edu.edu; and ; and .net.net
• Second-level domains:Second-level domains:– Unique name within a top level domainUnique name within a top level domain– Sample second-level domain names:Sample second-level domain names:
Yahoo.comYahoo.com; ; Google.comGoogle.com; and ; and Unesco.orgUnesco.org
Other ProtocolsOther ProtocolsOther ProtocolsOther Protocols
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP):File Transfer Protocol (FTP):– File sharing protocolFile sharing protocol– Files are downloaded and uploaded using the InternetFiles are downloaded and uploaded using the Internet– ftp://ftp://garbo.uwasa.figarbo.uwasa.fi
• Telnet:Telnet:– Protocol for connecting to a remote computer and a Protocol for connecting to a remote computer and a
TCP/IP serviceTCP/IP service– Enables a client computer to control a server Enables a client computer to control a server
computercomputer
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP):File Transfer Protocol (FTP):– File sharing protocolFile sharing protocol– Files are downloaded and uploaded using the InternetFiles are downloaded and uploaded using the Internet– ftp://ftp://garbo.uwasa.figarbo.uwasa.fi
• Telnet:Telnet:– Protocol for connecting to a remote computer and a Protocol for connecting to a remote computer and a
TCP/IP serviceTCP/IP service– Enables a client computer to control a server Enables a client computer to control a server
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol:Hypertext Transfer Protocol:– Protocol for transferring hypertext documentsProtocol for transferring hypertext documents– Hypertext documents are linked to other documentsHypertext documents are linked to other documents
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol:Hypertext Transfer Protocol:– Protocol for transferring hypertext documentsProtocol for transferring hypertext documents– Hypertext documents are linked to other documentsHypertext documents are linked to other documents
– Format for creating Web pagesFormat for creating Web pages– Not a programming language but a set of rules for marking up Not a programming language but a set of rules for marking up
texttext
• Hypertext Markup Language:Hypertext Markup Language:– Format for creating Web pagesFormat for creating Web pages– Not a programming language but a set of rules for marking up Not a programming language but a set of rules for marking up
texttext
<h1>This is the Heading</h1><p><font face="Arial">This is text using Arial font.</font></p><p><font face="Arial"><i>This text is italicized</i>.</font></p><p><font face="Arial"><b>This text is bold</b>.</font></p><p><font face="Arial"><font color="#FF0000">This text color is red</font>.</font></p><p><font face="Arial">This is a hyperlink <a href="http://vig.prenhall.com/">www.prenhall.com</a></font></p>
• Browsers request that a program file Browsers request that a program file executes (runs)executes (runs)
• Adds Web page interaction:Adds Web page interaction:– Adding names to guest books/mailing listsAdding names to guest books/mailing lists– Completing formsCompleting forms
• Browsers request that a program file Browsers request that a program file executes (runs)executes (runs)
• Adds Web page interaction:Adds Web page interaction:– Adding names to guest books/mailing listsAdding names to guest books/mailing lists– Completing formsCompleting forms
• A program that runs on a client computer A program that runs on a client computer with no interaction with the serverwith no interaction with the server
• Types of client-side applications include:Types of client-side applications include:– HTML document embedded with JavaScript codeHTML document embedded with JavaScript code– Applet:Applet:
Small program that resides on the serverSmall program that resides on the server
• A program that runs on a client computer A program that runs on a client computer with no interaction with the serverwith no interaction with the server
• Types of client-side applications include:Types of client-side applications include:– HTML document embedded with JavaScript codeHTML document embedded with JavaScript code– Applet:Applet:
Small program that resides on the serverSmall program that resides on the server
Communications Over the InternetCommunications Over the InternetCommunications Over the InternetCommunications Over the Internet
• E-mail:E-mail:– Created in 1971 by Ray TomlinsonCreated in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson– Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)– Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
Protocol for attaching files to e-mailProtocol for attaching files to e-mail
– Secure data transmission softwareSecure data transmission softwareSafeMessage SafeMessage
• E-mail:E-mail:– Created in 1971 by Ray TomlinsonCreated in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson– Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)– Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
Protocol for attaching files to e-mailProtocol for attaching files to e-mail