Technology Final

© 2008 Wipro Ltd - Confidential

3G Technology3G Technology

Notebook TeamNotebook Team


• Introduction• Generation of Mobile Services• Access Technologies• Evolution of Mobile services• Security• Comparison• Known issues• Conclusion

Training Objectives


• The first radiotelephone – US (1940). • In the 1960s, a new system launched by

Bell Systems, called Improved Mobile Telephone Service” (IMTS)

• The first analog cellular systems were based on IMTS and developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

• The systems were “cellular” because coverage areas were split into smaller areas or “cells”, each of which is served by a low power transmitter and receiver

Introduction


• First Generation (1G) – Mobile voice services

• Second Generation (2G)– Primarily voice, some low-speed data (circuit switched)

• Generation 2½ (2.5G)– Higher data rates than 2G– A bridge (for GSM) to 3G

• Third Generation (3G)– IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunication)

standard– Seamless integration of voice and data– High data rates, full support for packet switched data

Generations in Mobile Wireless Service


ACCESS TECHNOLOGIESFDMA: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is the most common analog system. It is a technique whereby spectrum is divided up into frequencies and then assigned to users

TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) improves spectrum capacity by splitting each frequency into time slots. TDMA allows each user to access the entire radio frequency channel for the short period of a call.

CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access is based on “spread” spectrum technology. Since it is suitable for encrypted transmissions, it has long been used for military purposes. CDMA increases spectrum capacity by allowing all users to occupy all channels at the same time


Evolution of Mobile Wireless (1)Advance Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)• FDMA• 824-849 MHz (UL), 869-894 MHz (DL)•Analog System for Mobile Communications•Microprocessor & digitization of Control link between Mobile phones and cell sites • U.S. (1983), So. America, Australia, China

European Total Access Communication System (E-TACS)• FDMA• 872-905 MHz (UL), 917-950 MHz (DL)• Deployed throughout Europe



Evolution of Mobile Wireless (1)Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)• TDMA• Different frequency bands for cellular and PCS•Digital between Control Link + Voice Signal•Better Quality and Lower Cost• Developed in 1990, expected >1B subscriber by end of 2003

IS-95• CDMA• 800/1900 MHz – Cellular/PCS• U.S., Europe, Asia


Evolution of Mobile Wireless (1)

General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)• Introduces packet switched data services for GSM• Transmission rate up to 170 kbps• Some support for QoS

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)• Circuit-switched voice (at up to 43.5 kbps/slot)• Packet-switched data (at up to 59.2 kbps/slot)• Can achieve on the order of 475 kbps on the downlink, by combining multiple slots


Evolution of Mobile Wireless

Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS)• Wideband DS-CDMA• Bandwidth-on-demand, up to 2 Mbps• Supports handoff from GSM/GPRS

IMT-2000 Standard• CDMA2000: Multicarrier DS-CDMA• Bandwidth on demand (different flavors, up to a few Mbps)• Supports handoff from/to IS-95


WIRELESS SPECTRUM

30 MHz 30 GHz3 GHz300 MHz

Broadcast TV• VHF: 54 to 88 MHz, 174 to 216 MHz• UHF: 470 to 806 MHz

FM Radio• 88 to 108 MHz


WIRELESS SPECTRUM 2


3G Broadband Wireless• 746-794 MHz, 1.7-1.85 GHz, 2.5-2.7 GHz

Cellular Phone• 800-900 MHz

Personal Communication Service (PCS)• 1.85-1.99 GHz


WIRELESS SPECTRUM 3


Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11b/g)• 2.4 GHz

Local Multipoint Distribution Services (LMDS) • 27.5-31.3 GHz

Bluetooth• 2.45 GHz

Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11a)• 5 GHz


CELLULAR STANDARDS

• ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 1980

• After 20 Years in 2000 IMT standard is formed– Collaboration of ITU (Inside ->ITU-R,ITU-T,

Outside 3GPP-GSM,3GPP2,UWCC)– 400 Mhz to 3Ghz for 3G– Mobile entertainment, infotainment , voice, data,

internet and multimedia– Global Roaming to move across borders – 2Mb/s Stationary or Walking users , 348kb/s

Moving Veichle(2g 9.6 kbps to 28.8kbps)


Cellular Standard IMT-2000 Key Characteristics

• Modular Design• Expandable to allow growth

• Compatibility• To 2G system like GSM

• Affordability• Agreement signed off between industry for standards

• Flexibility• Wide Applications and Services• 5 possible Radio Interfaces based on 3 different

Access technologies (FDMA,TDMA,CDMA)


Flexibility IMT-2000


Data Rates and Security

• Security• UE Authentication• KASUMI block Crypto(A5/3) KASUMI has a block size

of 64 bits and a key size of 128 bits• Instead of older A5/I Stream Cipher

• Data Rates• Stationary Mini 2Mb/s Max-14.4 Mb/s• Moving 348 kb/s (Moving Car 128 kbps)• EDGE in Mobile Phones


Evolution of Mobile Networks


Operation of Global System for Mobile Operation of Global System for Mobile comm.comm.

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High Speed Circuit Switched Data

• The data rate of each timeslot is increased to 14.4 kbps

• Four timeslots can be assigned to one user• A maximum data rate of 57.7 kbps• Advantage:

– No major modification is needed in GSM network

• Disadvantage:– It is still circuit switched, not suit really data

traffic


The Operation Principal of HSCSD

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General Packet Radio System

• Major modifications are needed in GSM systems

• New network elements (SGSN, GGSN)• A maximum data rate of 115 kbps is

available, avarage data rate is around 40 kbps

• Advantage:– User is charge for the bits transfered

• Disadvantage:– New mobile terminals are needed


GPRS architecture


Enchanced Data for Global Evolution

• 8-PSK(Phase Shift keying) – a new channel coding method – is introduced instead of GMSK(Gaussian minimum-shift keying)

• A maximum speed of 348 kbps data rate can be achieved

• Advantage:– Easy to deploy in the network

• Disadvantage:– The rate of return might be low


End-user Services enabled by EDGE

• All services of GPRS is available just faster:– MMS, WAP– Game, ring tone, image downloading– Audio streaming

• New services and applications– Video streaming

• Faster Internet access


• The strategies has to be significantly divers for operators not having and having UMTS licences

• Changing strategy depending on local market

• Operators without 3G licence:– Offer GPRS service– EDGE as a premium service– Reach as high coverage as possible

Market Positioning and Pricing Issues I.


• Operators with 3G licence:– EDGE to be positioned between GPRS and

UMTS– Same charging strategy as in case of GPRS

(„pay for bits transfered”)• Higher fees• Same fees

– Demand for high data rates can be mapped (easier positioning of UMTS)

Market Positioning and Pricing Issues II.


• EDGE is the most cutting-edge technology for GSM/GPRS networks

• Operator without 3G licence are still able to offer UMTS like services

• Operators with licence have to decide whether it worth to deploy EDGE to their networks.

• EDGE and UMTS are going to be on market side by side as supplementary services

The Future of EDGE


Some mobile devices

Clamshell handhelds Tablets

Net–enabled mobile phones

Palm-sized

Laptop computers


Wipro Notebooks


COMPARISON


• Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses & agreements • Numerous differences in the licensing terms • Large amount of debt currently sustained by many

telecommunication companies, which makes it a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G

• Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators

• Expense of 3G phones • Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G wireless

services • Lack of coverage, because it is still a new service • High prices of 3G mobile services in some countries, including

Internet access (see flat rate) • Current lack of user need for 3G voice and data services in a

hand-held device

KNOWN ISSUES


Well Awaited Slide (is Next Slide Guess ??)

Question & Answer Session

© 2008 Wipro Ltd - Confidential© 2008 Wipro Ltd - Confidential

Shanmuganathan. K

[email protected]

Thank You

April 21, 2023 34© 2008 Wipro Ltd - Confidential

Technology Final

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