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Outline : Implementation timing
Before accident Immediately before accident During accident After accident
Collision prevention Damage reduction Collision Rescue
Active Safety1. Collision Safety Performance
Tests2. Visible Enhancement
Technology3. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)4. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS)5. Lane-keeping Assistance (LKA)
System
Pre-collision safety1. Collision Mitigation
Brake System (CMBS)
Passive Safety1. Collision damage
mitigation 2. Pedestrian injury
mitigation
Car and motorcycle assessment
tests the vehicle performance in development of safer vehicles
NASVA (National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims' Aid )is an agency specializing in "automobile accident measures“ in Japan
Outline : Implementation timing
Commercial Vehichles (trucks, aircraft, railway, marine)
Active Safety : Collision Safety Performance Tests
Full-wrap frontal collision test
Offset frontal collision test
Side collision test
Neck injury protection for rear-end collision performance test
The dummies are checked for injuries to the head, neck, chest and legs, the vehicle is checked for damage and deformation
Dummies are placed in both the driver's and front passenger's seats and the vehicle is made to collide with a concrete barrier at a rate of 55 km/h.
collide head-on on the driver's side (at an offset of 40%) with an aluminium honeycomb at a rate of 64km/h
a trolley made to collide at a speed of 55 km/h with the side of a stationary test vehicle
rear-end collision shocks are given to dummies placed in the driver's or front passenger's seats using testing sled which can reproduce rear-end collision.
Active Safety : Collision Safety Performance Tests
Evaluation Method
Full-wrap frontal collision test (example)
0 point = there is a little risk of causing serious injury to the head, neck, chest or legs12 point = there is significant risk of causing serious injury
Source : Car Safety Performance Guidebook (JNCAP)
Active Safety : Object detection
Night Vision Enhancement System (NVES)
This is done by converting images from an infrared (IR) camera and showing them on a monochrome display somewhere in the car.
Visible Enhancement Technology
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Systems
The radar observes ahead, and while maintaining the speed set by the driver, maintains an appropriate distance from a slower vehicle ahead.
Active Safety : Anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
It maintains stability in the direction in which the vehicle is advancing and enhances the possibility of avoiding an obstacle through wheel operation by preventing the tires from locking (ceasing to rotate)
Braking Performance Tests
Determined by the shortness of the distance in which a vehicle can stop and the stability of the vehicle at the time of braking.
Active Safety : Lane-keeping Assistance (LKA) System
A camera recognizes the traffic lanes ahead and supports to reduce necessary steering wheel handling by maintaining a straight line when driving out a lane on a highway.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3mV0iSMQzYvideo
Pre-collision Safety : Collision Mitigation Brake System (CMBS)
• Warnings are issued in a crash risk situation. In addition, if the driver's braking response is lagging, automatic braking is activated.
• Fatalities in rear-end collision can be reduced if damages mitigation brake are installed into heavy duty vehicles so as to lower the crash speed by an average 20 km/h
Honda's Collision Mitigation Braking System (CMBS) is designed to alert the driver when a collision is imminent and also to reduce the impact of a collision.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJcy5ySOrM4
Passive Safety : Collision Damage Mitigation
Crash-Compatible Zone Body
Nissan March (2002)The protection system combines impact-absorbing structures (crushable zones) with a high-strength cabin (occupant zone)
Crushable zone
Occupant zone
Passive Safety : Collision Damage MitigationSupplemental Restraint System (SRS) Airbag
Nissan provide side airbags for chest protection of front seat occupants and SRS curtain airbags for head protection of front-and rear-seat passengers in case of side impact.
Front-seat Active Head Restraints
This is designed to help minimize stress on the neck and thereby help mitigate the risk of whiplash and related injuries
Seatbelts
Passive Safety : Collision Damage MitigationEvaluation Method
Passive Safety : Protection for Pedestrians and the Elderly
1. Protection of children and the elderly as pedestrians2. Protection of the elderly as drivers3. Mitigation of injuries to the elderly
Fatalities by road user
Vehicle Occupant Fatalities by Injured Body Part
Passive Safety : Protection for Pedestrians and the Elderly
Pedestrian head protection performance tests
Pedestrian leg protection performance test
Passive Safety : Protection for Pedestrians and the Elderly
Pedestrian head protection performance tests
Evaluation Method
Head injury criterion (HIC).
Evaluate areas of the cars ->Wrap Around Distance (WAD)
Passive Safety : Protection for Pedestrians and the Elderly
Pedestrian leg protection performance tests
Evaluation Method
Assessment tests on vehicle safety
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