Technologie Vìroby Sladu a Piva

8/19/2019 Technologie Vìroby Sladu a Piva

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I. ČÁST VÝROBA SLADU................................................................................................17

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I. ČÁST

VÝROBA

SLADU


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1 SLADOVNICKÝ JEČMENK0 K06, V0709 P70, P090 !099:, J6; Š? =@B , >7? =F79: 9?>< A70>7GB 9 9H 9F70G;, G@7FH; 9 %-'dove", edev;! v =. -e&e67 dev'&e":6&7o %&o-e&;, )d$ dv' !o+'v%) (vov'+";)$, >+'&+$ K>e-)ov$< T9e&(6 ' Do-'", "''d-o v$v:e& !(!o je!e"e ( %-'d. N' e-o! 14. ' #=. %&o-e&; >$- "' Mo+'v9 j'+"; je!e" "ejdů-e(&9j; o>(-"("o ' o o97e! (-ov(" "ejv$; oe& o. N' ve-()o%&( -o67$ -(%&ů ' %&>-' je


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67e!(e "' e%) &e67"(6e v P+'$ %e %o'%"B!( do%9- ) $-' A"-(e. V +o6e 1814 v$-e67&(- 27ev'-(e+ od+ůd %&ej"7o j!"' vB>9+e! < )+'jov od+ůd$. S&ej"B! e! o%&ov'-( je!e":( v 6e- v$%9- Ev+o9. Je&9 do +o)

18C %e 9%&ov'-$ "' "'e! $-$ %!9%; o-'6;. T$&o je!e"$, 9%&ov'" o%&'-e&;, !ůe!e +o(6)B ' j'+o7"9v(6)B &$ 7'":6)7o je!e"e. Ve d+7 o-ov("9 14. %&o-e&; )+'jov od+ůd$ !(9+e! E!'"e-' P+o%)o^e&e+%) ve-)o%&'&)$ v P+o&(v;"9 ' ve Ve-)! L("9.

Po +o6e 14#= %e ()+o(-o )e );e"; e%)o%-ove"%)B67 od+ůd %e 9 %e o;v'-o '%(1== od+ůd -e67&9"B67 v C %&'"(6;67 6e-7o Če%)o%-ove"%)'. VB9+ "' vB"o%, v$+ov"'"o%&, &v'+ ( ve-()o%& $- De":+.V %o'%" do>9 %e v ČR +'d('"; -e67&9"; "eo;v:, +ov"9 &') 9 0=:! ' "' %-'dov"(6)o )v'-(&.

Ko")+&"; o'd'v)$ "' %-'dov"(6)B je!e" j%o ":%-edj;6;g

• v$%o)B vB"o% %'7 )+o> C=C ,• o>%'7 >;-)ov(" 1=11 .

:)-'d";! o'd'v)e! "' 7B= +o%&-("$ je %(-" ' v$+ov"'" od"oov:";, d-)' %&>-' C= 6!,d-)' )-'%ov7o ("&e+"od(' *=* 6e-)ov d-)$ %&>-', )+:&): ' ev": >'(-e) "' !#.


24/326

V %o'%" do>9 j%o "' -()$ &$&o -e67&(&e-%) o+'"(B. M()+o%-'dov'6; 97 d'-;7o &e67"o-o(6)7o +o6e%, &j. v +ů>97 vB+o>$ (v' 67ov'&. Te67"o-o(6) '+'!e&+$ !'j; d"e% -("9 od *=. -e& #=. %&o-e&;. Vjevj; %&:-e "ov

o'd'v)$ "' )v'-(& v%&";67 %+ov(". P'&; ) "(! "';)-'dg o!sah pre+uror dimethylsul#idu, a+tivita >2amylasy, +oncentrace t1+av*ch #enol, o!sah 6?avelan, o!sah nitrosamin, gushing, homogenita a modi#i+ace

sladu.

e7-ed je -()'6;67 X%&ed";7o )o"&+o-";7o ' ";7o %&'v 0Q07 0G9> 0>7S"'7' o o>je)&(v";! ' )o!-e";! v$j:de"; %-'dov"(6) )v'-(&$ od+ůd je!e"e ved-' ) v$&voe"; +ů9 ' o'd'v)$ vB+o>6ů "' (":-"; +od)& v d'" o>-'%&(. # : 9 : >9070 G@G G0 =G X#>0Q07 0G9> 0>7Y, )&e+B v


25/326

)'ob &o je >;-)ov(" v o>(-6e "e%-'dov'"7o je!e"e. O&(!:-"; 7od"o&$ &o7o&o

D0707>: -;)$ je!e"e M'6 G+eo+ e& '-., 144*O>0

S00GB)+o> mn'!$-o%' 1#? )+o>'!$-oe)&(" C8* )+o>

C=C

T'>. 11 Pe7-ed 7od"o6e"B67 '+'!e&+ů 7od"o&$ ' jej(67 v:7$ ;%-"7o V:0 Q0>< %Q=F7; H' 4,1=,H> =,=1 1=,11,#H6 11,#11,4E =,# 8=,48#,RE =,# *,=?1,=KČ =,1= *4,=??,=DM =,1= ##=#8=DSP =,1= 4,=8#,=F =,1= 4,=8C,=

HG =,1= #== 1=V$%v9&-(v)$g H >;-)ov("' v


26/326

;Q>>!("$ ' -o>-("$7o+de("$ +o-'!("$-&e-("$

4,11,4181,4*,*?*?

M:; :7>B mn #

1.3.1 A0> 0 0> :7>B

1.'.1.1 A*+-*/2 356A0> :7>B oe-ov("$ &vo; od%&'&"9 !e";

od;- %("$ "e o+'"(6) -:&)$. Jej(67 o>%'7 )o-;%: !e &'>. 1#, ed%&'vj;6; v;6e "e

C , '-e )v'"&(&'&(v"9 dů-e(& j%o ( o-$%'67'+(d$ >"9" %&9"$, je !o7o +e+e9 je7o )-;e";. VovB67 +'"-; ve-), )&e+ %e oov +'"-e %e -(; "eje"ve-()o%&;, '-e ( %-oe";! ' %67o"o%&; %e od>o+:v'& &'>.

1?.T'>. 1? G+'"-e %-'dov7o )+o> M'6 G+eo+ e& '-.

T'>. 1* S-oe"; oe-e je!e"e H'%'ov:,Če()', 148C>: >0 9


27/326

ve-()o%&TB= A1=?= p!

TB= &11= p!

&v'+ 84= 1= # '!$-o%$ '!$-oe)&("

v;6e '!$-oe)&("

de+'dov'&e-" \'!$-'%o '&"9 de+'dov'&e-"v'' "' >;-)ov("$

V9&("' je!e""B67 )+o>ů, %&ej"9 j')o o%&'&"; o>(-": 7.

_AB0 je %-o)o v9&("$ o>(-"B67 )+o>ů !"9 , '-e "e"; &o!&'). A)o-( v9&ve"; e&9'+v; !ode. Ve vod9 %e +oe< v. 1#. '%&oe"$ j%o edev;! 000 1# ' 00 =,*=, , ' &o %'7je < 7e!(6e--o% ev:"9 e"&o%'"$, !"9 -)'"$ ' "e'&+" !"o%&v; -)+o"ov )$%e-("$. V$; o>%'7 -)'"ů v (vov'+%)B67 %+ov(":67 je (-(& (v' >97e! %)-'dov:"; &vo+>'


28/326

+od)&, &vo+>' 67-'dovB67

P70B '+'>("o$-'"$ j%o d'-;!( od%&'&"B!( "e6e--o%ovB!( o-$%'67'+(d$ v je!e"(. 3oj"9 %e v$%)$&j; edev;! v >"9"B67 %&9":67 '-e+o"ovB67 >"9) ' v >U):67 e"do%e+!. T$&o o-$%'67'+(d$ j%o%-oe"$ edev;! < e"&o%g '+'>("o%$ ' $-o%$. O>(-" '+'>("o$-'"$ "9)d$ o>%'7j; 7eo%$ ' 7e+o"ov )$%e-("$, '-e %;e je" j')o !"9 ("o$-'"$ !o7o &vo(& '%( je" 1, 7!o&"o%&( je"7oe"do%e+!, '-e jej(67 %67o"o%& &vo(& v$%o6e v(%);-)ov(", &;! "(; >Bv: o>%'7 o-$e"o-ů. K e"o-ovB! %-oe"(":! '&; jed"od67 e"o-ov )$%e-("$,)&e+ j%o v o>(-6e vo-" ( v:e"%'7 &'"o(dů %e o>e6"9 d:v: dov(-(&$ (v'. J%o ;&o!"$ $ +e'ov'-$ % +o&e("$. S-oe"("$ &$-'v'"d(o-ů d'-; o-$!e+'6; d:v'j; %-o(& o-$e"o-$, )&e+ !'j; &


29/326

Fe"o-ov %-oe"("$, )&e+ dod:v'j; %-'d '"&(o(d'"; %67o"o%&, 7+'j; dů-e(&o -o7 v o+'"o-e&(6)%&'>(-(&9 (v', ' &o o&-'e";! o(d'";67 +o6e%ů >97e! vB+o>$ ' %)-'dov:"; (v'. Od%&+'"9"; &967&o %-oe"(" +o %'7 d%;)'&B67 -:&e) v$j:de"B j')o o>%'7 >;-)ov(" N C,#, v +o;-)ov(" v je!e"( je %'7 o+'"(6)B67 )$%e-(", )&e+ v;7: v %$%&! e"o9B, od '-e+o"ovo v+%&vo"' v"9j; %&+'"9 e"do%e+! j%o &;-)ov(". Ov-(vUj; 6e-)ovB o>%'7 >;-)ov(" je!e"e. 3(%&o-o(6)"e>o-( 7>:R9 ;>9B %e "'-:$ ' &9e"; >;-)ov(", j')o j%o '->!o%$, e&o"$,

o-$e&(d$ ' '!("o)$%e-("$.A>BB j%o "ejjed"od; d%;)'& %-oe"("$. Je j(67 o$%)("o d+7 ( od&9e"; vod$. Pod-e o& '!("o)$%e-(" v e&9;-)ov(" v je!e"(.

-;-)ov(". J%o +o;-)ov(" '%( * ' j%o -oe"$ 7-'v"9 v '-e+o"ov v+%&v9. J%o &o "; >;-)ov("$, jej(67 !"o%&v; je ;-)ov("". Ro=7B +o&e(" ] 6)+ do+ov:; "e'&(v"9 "' 9"(vo%&.


30/326

C=7B +o&e(" ] >'+ev": )o!o"e"&' o>%'7j; >'+ev" %-o)$ '"&7o)$'"oe"$, 67-o+o$-'od.

N=7B +o&e(" ] ")-eov )$%e-("$ j%o "ejdů-e(&9j;. Ne>;-)ov("": :%&, &j. ")-eov )$%e-("$,&vo; =,# ' =,* %("$ je!e"e. J%o v$>dov:"$ < ")-eo&(dů, )&e+ j%o &voe"$ e"&o%o, o%:&e! 'd%;)'&o >:

e"$ ve67"$ e"; v !e&'>o-(%! %'67'+(dů, d%;

)'&B67, -((d(6)B67 ' o%&'&";67 -:&e) je"7o o-(%! 7-;) >(o%$"&;-)ov(", -((dů o(d'6e, o-$e"o-ů ' d'-;67. I0B !'j; -'&"9"; o>do>" j')o -$'%$. L0B je!e"e ' %-'d j%o dů-e(& e"(o%$"&, >;-)ov(" ' '!("o)$%e-(". Ve-)B vB. 1.

T'>. 1 Ped%&'v(&e- jed"o&-(vB67 %)(" e"


31/326

BG0B e%&e+'%$g -('%$, o%'&'%$)'+>o7$d+'%$g \'!$-'%', '!$-'%', 7+'"("; de&+("'%', Re"o$d(%!&'%'0B +(>-'%'o%:&e(!e+'%'0B '6e&$-2oA)'+>o$-'%'

1.3.3 VB0 QBB

1.'.'.1 3?*:Me"9"B67 %&9". E"do%e+!:-"; >"9" %&9"$ je!e"e o>%'7j;'%( -)'"ů, #= &vo; e"&o%'"$ o>+. 1.

H97e! %-'dov:"; ' +!&ov:"; %e -)'"$ &9; ů%o>e";! e". 1. VB%-ede) ů%o>e"; 6e-7o )o!-e &967&o e"e";! (>e+e-ov )$%e-("$. V-(v "' &vo+> e"


32/326

1.'.'." AC63+365/2 =*6C6 N' 7$d+o-B, -$)oe" ' d'-;67 o-$%'67'+(dů, v "(67 %e v$%)$&j; v'$ \1,?-)o%(d(6), %e

od;-ej; &$-' v je!e"( +o):' e"e"; e"%'7j; 1qC v9&ve"; o67:' %o(""o%&( \'!$-'%$ % d'-;! e"o "' 3 ?,#?,* ( &e-o&9 #= i2.

^AB00 je eoe"%'e"' j( v je!e"(, jej; o>%'7 ( %-'dov:"; %(-"9 v%'7 '!$-'%$ v je!e"( ( jej; vBvoj ( )-;e"; ob )'&'-$; 7-'v"9 "' !e"; &9$, o-(o ' o-$e&(d$ o>+. 1.

Eoe&(d'%$ ů%o>;


33/326

("')&(vj; %e ( &e-o&9 = i2. K'+>o$e&(d'%$ "''d'j; )'+>o$-ovB )o"e6 e&(dov7o e&9' )-;e";. " G>07 9?B =90 je +oob +o&e("ov+')6e %e ' < od;-ej; "' v"o%& o%'&'% je "e%e6((6):. P( )-;e"; je!e"e od&9j; < $&(" '"o+'"(6) o%:&$. V je!e"( j%o o%'&'%$ ;&o!", >97e! )-;e"; %e jej(67 ')&(v(&' ":.

1.'.'.< O/+=?5:6Č(""o%& ZGG70 je %oje"' % +o6e%$ dB67:"; ' )v'e";, &o-(%! %'67'+(dů,

d%;)'&B67 ' -((d(6)B67 -:&e) ' "' o(d'"9+ed)";67 +o6e%e67 v dB67'6;! e&90G9:; 0 >;; . P( 7vo

!BG=ZG0B >07000 E2 1.11.1.C ' =ZG00 E2 1.11.1. &9; +o >U)$ )od-(vB e+o(dvod;). J%o ;&o!"$ ve ve67 'e+o>";67 o+'"(%!e67. Od>o+:v'j; %&ej"B +od)&, '-e +ů97e! )-;e"; %e +'Uje -)"&; 9 >'+ev"B67 +od)&ů ( 7vo


34/326

!e"e, '-e jej; ')&(v(&' je 6e-)ov9 ve-!( %-'>:. N'-e'!(o>%'7j;6;!( 6(%1,?e"&'d(e"ovo %)(" !o-e)-ovB! )$%-;)e!. T;! v-ovo, 7o)o ' -)-o 67&; "' +oe"; -('%, )&e+ %e +ojevj; ev:"9 !Bd-ov(&o 67&;. Pů%o>e"; -(o$e"'%$ %e ((%je ( -)-: vů"9 %-'d, v(-; ;+od";67'"&(o(d'";67 ("(de- je!e"e. Po'dov'"o %";e"o ')&(v(&-(o$e"'%$ -e"e"; v +o-( '"&(o(d'"& je v(&'!(" E %:! e!9Uov:" "' +'d():-. Je v') +$67-e +ee"e+ov:" do')&(v"; o+!$ v +ů>97 +(&7o >(o67e!(6)7o +o6e%, je7o %e +'vd9odo>"9 '%&"; v(&'!(" 2, )&e+B je&') '"&(o(d'"&e!. V(&'!(" 2 je jed"od; %-oe"("o "e v(&'!(" E ' "' +o


35/326

%7? $&o7o+!o" je o+'"(6): %-oe"("' ("": v ";_ ;!o v !;%&9 %v7o vov !;%&e67, )'! je &+'"%o+&ov:"'.

Ro%&-("" 7o+!o"$ %e od (vo("B67 -(; edev;! &;!, e %e "e&vo( ve %e6('-(+(& %&(!-'"9. Pe7-ed 7-'v";67 &$ů +e-:&o+ů +o%&-(""7o +ů%& je vede" v &'>.1C.

A"9), v(-):67 je!e"e +o-( v o%)-(("; 67'+')&e+.

-B j%o +od)ov:"$ "ej!-'d;!( -(%&$, %e!e"$ ' )oe"$. T+'"%o+& %e d9je o>o%!9+"9, '%&o) !;%& &vo+>$ '(". Podo+j; +od-ov'6; +ů%&, +od-ov:"; >"9), e+j; do+!'"6( odo("e) +o%&-("v(< )'. #., ("d)j; %$"&(-)$. Ve v$;67 )o"6e"&+'6;67 "eů%o>;"' +o%&-("$ &o(6)$.

N' o:&) )-;e"; "ej+ve e!>+$o !o>(-(+ e"do%e+! ' %&o'j; 7-'

d("$ +o+$e!. N' ;&o!"o%&( (>e+e-("ů je ved-e \'!$-'%$ ' ' vo-Uov:"; 6e- 'd$ d'-;67 e"o+:v:"; -$6e+(dů, %e e!;%bje < '-e+o"ovB67e+e-("ů ' je7o vo-"9"; do '-e+o"ov v+%&v$ q ("(6('6e &vo+>$ e"e+e-("e! v '-e+o"ov v+%&v9 ' jej(67 vo-"9"; do e"do%e+! q o:&e) de+'d'6e e"do%e+!, vo-"9"; +o$ (>e+e-("ů, +e%. je7o vo-Uov:"; do '-e+o"ov v+%&v$.

V o>(-):67 je!e"e )-&(vov'"B67 e+e-("ů %e e%ov: "9 "eod;-; "' &vo+>9 \'!$-'%$.Pedo)-:d: %e, e %e jed": o (>e+e-(" %oje"B % v-'%&";! +ů%&e! e!>+$'.

A-e+o"ov: v+%&v' "ev$&v:; \'!$-'%, o)d je ed )-;e";! od%&+'"9"o e!>+$o. Po '-()'6( +oe+e-ov )$%e-("$ do +o7->e"("$ o e!>+$ %e \'!$-'%' o"e &vo(&.

Je-( (>e+e-(" '-()ov:" "' o:&) )-;e";, +e'j; o>(-)$ B %e &vo; edev;! v )oe"e67, od)d %e o7$>j; do "'dj; %!9+e! )e )oe"ů!. J%o "e$&" +o d9-e"; >"9), +; '():-"; do!("'"6(, (-e) je!e"e %e !"o7o "ev;. M;%&e! &vo+>$ 6$&o)("("ů je e!>+$o

' '-e+o"ov: v+%&v'. 2$&o)("("$ ;&o!" v o>(-):67 j%o +(!:+";!( ')&o+$ v ("(6('6( +ů%& +'d()-$.


36/326

2$&o)("("$ v "; o+!9 j%o &+'"%o+&ov:"$ do e!>+$' "9) +ůd67ů '&d.

V o>(-):67 je!e"e >$-$ %'7 AHA %(-"9 )-e%: '+o(-)$ je "9), %&(!-je doo+:v:"; \'!$-'%$.

T'>. 1C Pe7-ed 7-'v";67 &$ů +e-:&o+ů +o%&-(""7o +ů%&%7 BP6Q o%(d, IPA, d(e"$-!oov("', HA

A("o(d$ IHA,NAA,#,?D, #,?,T,M2PA,>e"(&o+$AHA, '"&o(", e"o-(6) -:&)$, j'%!o"ov: )$%e-("' Re&'+d'"&$ M3,222,TIHA, H44,H4,Fo%o" D, '6-o>&+'e"e"Bv'- I". V-'d(!;+ K'+e-. V Če%) +e>-(6e %e GA do +ovoje v +o

GA je !o"o '-()ov'& & ( v$!:6e &j. ( evede"; do!oe"7o je!e"e < ":dv";) "' 7!"' "e>odo )-;(d-'. Ro+'(-)$, 6o%"'dUje ;%& GA ) '-e+o"ov v+%&v9 ( v :%&e67 o>(-)$ ve+e-ov )$%e-("$ ve %-'d'%&v;g•


37/326

• o o&-'e"; +o>-!ů ( %-'dov:"; o>&;"9 %-'dov'&e-"7o je!e"e, "';)-'d je!e"e % vB+'o "'o') % vB+'+$(, je!e"e % "e%&ej"o %&+)&+o e"do%e+!.

A-()'6e GA (-e)od%&+'Uov:"' e!>+$'. Po %ed!( d"e67 :$- '+v' %-'d("$ '&d. je !o"o o;& >+o!("'" d+'%e-"B KH+O* "e>o '>%6(

%ovo )$%e-(" AHA. AHA je v ;+od9 >9"9 %e v$%)$&j;6; %-oe"("' ' '-()ov'": !"o%&v; AHA j%o vB+'%6(%ov )$%e-("$!'j; o'"o $. 1.

1.4 PARAMETRY !AKOSTI !EČMENE A SLADU

1.4.1 ":>0G; 0 =:; =007B 0>7V =G;>: =990>0G06> 9?B QB7 0Z:F =>7907 Q:90Q 7

> =7 =6G=B 0 G@. S-"(& j')o%&"; o'd'v)$ &+7 %!9j;6; ) dod:v):! +od)&ů %e %e6((6)B!( &e67"o-o(6)B!( v-'%&"o%&!( !oUj; +ů' (v' )-'de &+v'-e ":+o)$ "' 70G0G7 ' 7- +o+'!ov ;o v:-e" d:-o%&(, %e o'd'v)$ "' )v'-(& (vov'+%)B67 %+ov(" o%&"9 v$+ov":v'j;. To je o>e6"B &+e"d, %&ej"9 j')o o%&"


38/326

Ve-!( vBB& je!e"e e)+oe"' 7+'"(6e 11, . P+o "9)&e+ ;-)ov(" je!e"e od 1= , ;'d"9 ( 4 , 6o je +o (vov'+%)B +ů!$%- "e:do6;.

O>%'7 >;-)ov(" %e -"9 -'&Uje v do'd "' )v'-(& %-'d ' v$; 7od"o&$ %'7 >;-)ov(". Ve%'7 1=, >;-)ov(", ( je7o %'7 >;-)ov(" je +ov"9 ve-!( vB7@ 0H7g je +o):;-)ov(" o 1 ;-)ov(" v$; "e 11, , je o&e>' +'v(& &e67"o-o(6) o%&$ v &o!%!$%-, e %e %'7 vod$ ( !:e";, ;'d"9 %e +od-o; ( d-)' )-;e";. +'6ov:v:"; je!e"e % v$%o)B! o>%'7e! >;-)ov(" je +'6"9j;, ":+o"9j; "' ;;-)ov(" do ov'& )o-e! C*C? v %("9, '>$ &') >$-' CC .

O>%'7 )+o> je ;!o ov-(vUje o>%'7 e&+')& ' d:-e od!(Uje ( %&ej"o!9+"+o7F G7 09B90 Q G0 G@GB =6;: 7FF 9G< =6 :;, 9FF >;; 0 G0ob o)d %e do%&'"o do %-'dov'&e-"7o od;-, 779: 77 ' 77 1 Q. 3e)&o-(&+ov:7!o&"o%& je %(6e ov-(v"9"' o>%'7e! vod$, 'v') !: ;!o v' "' e&+')&(v"o%& %-'d. P;+ů%&e) v +o%'7e! >;-)ov("' vQ; f


39/326

7$(e"(6)B! +o>-!ů! j%o v od>9+'&e-%)B67 (-(&' %-edov:"' &!9 ve ve67 +ovo;-)ov(", Ko->'67ovB!;%-e!, v(%)o(-(&$ %e d:-e %&'"ov; je" 9:0, Z70>7 0 079; Z70>7 \%E] =6 45 [C j')o dů-e(&B )'o+:"; %>%&+:&. I ( do>+ +('>(-(&9 "e%!; )-e%"o& RE ( ? i2 od %&'"d'+d"; 7od"o&*C , +o&oe %-'d %e %(6e +$67-e ' % ;Bv'-( &o&o +o>-e!'&()o ' v %o7+" -$-o-( do%'e"o 7o!oe""o%&(, -o o dů%-ede) '&"9 )-;;6;67 "e>o v$%o6e >;-)ov(""B67 je!e"ů, ;'d"9 >$-' "ev7od"9 vo-e"' &e67"o-o(e. P+o&o &') od+ůdov: (%&o&' "e>$-' ":% &') dů)-'d"9 o'dov:"' j')o v -!ů, )&e+ j%o %oje"$ %e %'7 -)'"ů ve %-'d !'(!:-"; 7od"o&$ !'j; -ee& !e'&e-"B vB%'7 -)'"ů. NejvB


40/326

-)'"'%$ v$&v:; o&(!:-"; )o!>("'6( +o vB>9+ )v'-(&"; od+ůd$ je!e"e. O %";e"; !"o%&v; -)'"ů >97e!%-'dov:";, ' &;! o ')&(v(&9 -)'"'%$, ("o+!je GZ ^00B \&-I], )&e+B -%'7 -)'"ů v je!e"( ' ve %-'d. 3od"o&$ HGI +ůe" < dvo'dB67 o%'7 -)'"ů "e %-'d$ < j'+";67 je!e"ů. Odo "'>;: o %&";67 L("&"e+', )&e+: je )''67ov' ;%-' %e9Q=-!$. I )d$ 'd' (vov'+ů ov'je :; ' (+o%& %-'d("$ "ej%o _ < "e+oo "edo&'e"7o %-'d"' 7vo%'7PDMS je dů%-ed"9 )o"&+o-ov:" "9!e6)B!( (vov'+$ ' j(7o'!e+(6)B!( (vov'+$ ;97e!v'e"; %-'d("$ "e>o !-'d("$ %e "ejed": o o 6e (v',)&e; ; je!e"$ S)'"d(":v(e, "e>o v;6e %+oj; A%(e. S do%'e";! !("(!:-";7o o'd'v) ? 1 >$ +ů!9+"9 +o'-ovB67 v+%&v:67 %-'d %&'"ove": !e&od()o MEHAK "e%!; e%:7"o& =,*= !.)1, %e !o7o ve $- 7vo -;%"; +odů usarium, Aspergillus, Rhiopus, ; 'd"9 d'-;67. Po;v: %e >_ ;!: !$)o-o(6): de&e)6e S)'"d(":v(e, )o"&+o-' %-'d "' o>%'7 e+ve"B67 o+'&o+"; ;+'v' (v' < dod'"7o %-'d. P(vo je do%$6ov:"o o(de! 7-((&B!, +o67:


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42/326

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vede"B vBe&

(vov'+%)B +o6e%. V$)'o d%(&'"$ o !()+o>(:-"; +ed)6( d%("'"ů, "e>o +ed)6; j("B67 "(&+o%-oe"(". NejvB(e"$-$ P2H A07> 0B &; 0B 7(%&'!(", &$+'!(" E%&e+$ &'-ov )$%e-("$.

K70 QG? :7> je "' 97 vB+o>";7o +o6e% < 7-ed(%)' +e:-"B67 $ d-e !e$ %e &') do%'7je ;-)ov("$, '"o+'"(6) %;

+'"$. T$&o -:&)$ "ej%o ;!o odov9d" ";7o ;6; ( %&:+"&; ( %)-'dov:"; (v'.

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v +o70 d(!e&7$-%-(d %e -(;, v9&("o %e v') ov'je 97 %-'dov:"; v97

7vo(-"9j; v +o%&ed; %e (&o+ )-;e"; "';)-'d >+o!("'" d+'%e-"7o -'&e-".

D(!e&7$-%-(d v%'7 d(!e&7$-%-(d do67:97 v'+";7o +o6e%. S o7-ede! "' %'7 d(!e&7$-%-(d v (v.

" 7F7 =Q07>@ 9B=?9:, > 0 9 G7B97%e !9"; o>%'7 d(!e&7$-%-(d ' je7o +e)+97e! )v'e"; je :%&e"9vo-Uov:" %o- % )v'%"B!( -$"$ < )v'%;6; !-'d("$ ' :%& e+!e"&'6( e;v:f.

S!e&7$-!e&7(o"(" o>%'e"B v !-'d("9 je !e&'>o-(')&e+(e!( edev;! +od Entero!acter , je )o"ve+97 do)v'ov:"; ' ( %&:e"; (v', o)d &$&o oe+'6e +o>;7'j;

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2 PŘÍJEM, ČIŠTĚNÍ A TŘÍDĚNÍ JEČMENEK0 K06, V0709 P70

".1 PJ$!EM !EČMENE +"o je!e"e "')j; %-'dov"$ >_ ;!o od 9%&(&e-ů je!e"e, "e>o od o>67od";67 o+'"(' ? G@9G@].

P(j;!'"B je!e", edev;! < ;!7o vB), o>%'7je 'd"e(%&o& )'!;")$, 7-;", )ovov :%&e)$, ;!9%( j("B67 o>(-ov("' j(". Je!e" !%; >B& &967&o :%&; 've" ' v$&;d9" od-e ve-()o%&( +. #1.

2.2.2 ČH7F; 0 76;GF; e ";) je ed(&9"B je!e" &'e" "' 7>;7: ve dvo %&";67. Nej+ve %e od%&+'"; "' v(>+j;6;67%;&e67 0=:7 "e(%&o&$, ') 6(


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' Ko"&+o-' &;d9"; (%&7o je!e"eI. &. II. &. III. &.

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> T;d9"; od'důI. &. II. &. III. &.od'd < &+(+ =, ,# 4?,* %'7ov'-o =, je!e"e I.&. ' ,# je!e"e II. &;d$. &o7o v$-Bv:, e ůvod";67 =,8


47/326

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1== ) ev0GR9:; Po v$(&9"; ' v$&;d9"; je je!e" -oe" >_ "' od-'7ovB67 %)-'d(&;67 %B):67, "e>o v %(-e67.Pod-'7ov ?=>B %&'+B67 %-'dove" !'j; >B& < !'&e+(:-, )&e+B je '&"B! vod(e! &e-' ' -e (%&(&.

He&o"ov ' )'!e"" od-'7$ %"'d"o v-7"o :+o, )&e+: %e "' "(67


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51/326

".4 KONTROLA SKLADOVÁN$ S>0G90? B =;7 0 >7907, 0B Q0: :G907F. Č77 >7B 9>7, 7=7B, Q06; H>@G, >;97 0 >;;, 09B 0 9@F Q:9; 0 709< =607 Q0 0 =G;>: >0G9:;.

j(&9" d'je %e do>; j%o &e

-o&$ )o"&+o-ov:"$ ve &;de"";67 ' de%e&(de"";67 ("&e+v'-e67. M9e"; !%; >B& +ovede"o v 6e- 7+o!'d9, &j. !("(!:-"9 ve &e67 v+%&v:67.

V !ode+";67 %-'dov":67 j%o &e-o&$ v +o(- 6e-7o %(-' !9e"$ )o"&(":-"9, 7od"o&$ j%o +'do>; o%)-(0G9:; %Q0 Q7:7 cd P@F cd

I. &v+&-e&; =,81, 1,*II. &v+&-e&; =,C1,= =,4III. &v+&-e&; =,*=,C =,IV. &v+&-e&; =,#=,* =,*

QR9 GQ:9:; OG; G >QF G >0>GB G7B >;97 0 >;9 < G, 0Q?9:

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52/326

v$v("- v do>9, )d$ >$-$ "6e"$ ((& %e +'v(de-"! %&;d:"; od!;"e) v7od"B67 +o +ů%& % od!;")'!( "ev7od"B!( %67o, 67-'d. Do+!'"6e &ed$ "e"; +e')6; +o%&-(" "' "e;do>; v odo>9 %e!e" "e>o -odů. Se!e"' ' -od$ do9 >$ v') +$' 'od.Do+!'"6e o>(-e) je!e"e je od+ůdovo v-'%&"o%&;. Jej; ("&e"(-)$. 27-'d" ' v-7) o'%; v &o!&o o>do>; +o7->je do+!'"6(,v-7) o'%; v do>9 %)-((-e), )&e+: je o%)-((-e) jed"o&-(vB67 +o%&-(" ' < +o(-e) v o%)-(do>; "'%v9dje &o!, e v d'"! v(-e) e(%&je 'd' ("&e"(-)$. Do%'e" 7od"o&$ %e do%'d; do v-6e j%o o+ov":v:"$ &( 7$o&e&(6) v

V?Q0< 9 =>QR9 GQ:9:; 9 =< >;; 0;


53/326

V do>9, )&e+: ":%-edje o o-oU)' >o7'&B! e+e-("ů ";e+e-("ů %v7o !'(!'. G(>e+e-("$ ov"9), &')e o>(-)' v !-" e+e-ovo )$%e-("o ve :(-"("!'j; o &o de-; o>do>; vB%& < do+!'"6e, v o %(-"9j; !;e %e do jej(67 o>(-e) %&'7j; ("7(>(&o+$ < -(%&ů.

V +ů>97 -" (-6e. S"(je %e vB+'(&o+ů, do67:("; (")$ v$; &e-o&$ )-;e"; %"(je.

Do+!'"&"; o>(-)$ j%o +ov"9 6(&-(v "' "edo%&'&e) )$%-;) ' )-;; '&"9 v e>$&) vod$. S-'d'( &e"&o jevo'"; vod$. H$-o = >Q =7+$.O>(-)$ >e< -67 )-;; do>e v '&!o%e o>%'7j;6; '-e%oU 1= )$%-;), )de&o ('-ov %&+)&+$ o>(-)$ je!e"e v:; )$%-;) o-$e"o-o(d'%o ( o(d'6(e"o-ovB67 %-oe"(" ;&o!"B67 v &967&o -e&(ve67 ve (-e) je )$%-;) v:9j(.

+(&o !9+o %e "' do+!'"6( o>(-e) je!e"e od;-; ( B. E!>+$' ((-e))-;; +$67-ej( "e e!>+$' < o>(-e) do+!'"&";67. T') 6(&-(vo%& e!>+$; "' eoe""9 '-()ov'"o '>%6(%ovo )$%e-(" AHA v(< & )'. 1.*. %e $-' "(; "e < o>(-e) "edo+!'"&";67.O>(-)$ o>%'7j;6; do+!'"&"; '-e+o"ovo v+%&v !o7o de !;& "9) '-e+o"ov v+%&v$ "' GA* (" v(&+o )o+e-je % +$67-o%&; ("dee! )-;e";.

T'>. # E"e+(e ' ("de )-;e"; o>(-e) je!e"e j'+";7o v ;; > 0; 1. 7?G = >Q


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2.5.4 V9 >:; 0 >;; G07; > K-;e"; do+!'"&";67 o>(-e) %&(!-j; +ů(o&()', "e>o )&e+ +o"()'j; do o>(-)$ ' ů%o>; "' (v: -e&(v'v"(& &7(o-$, (>e+e-(", )("e&(" ' >e"(-)$ je!e"e )-&(vov'" v +oo %o+6e )$%-;) -67'!(, '-e !oUje )-;e"; e!>+$', ( )d$ "e!: do%&'&e"B ;%" )$%-;).

Rov"9 e&7'"o- ' d'-; '-)o7o-$ o(dov'&e-" +o%&ed"(6&v;! '-)o7o-de7$d+oe"'%$ AD3 . #8 >97e! %)-'dov:"; (-6e v do>9 %)-'dov:"; )-e%: jej; )-;(vo%&. Po %)-'dov:"; e"; -67%";e", +o&oe >97e! ("7(>(6e je '>%o+6e )$%-;) -67'!( "(;. V dů%-ed) &o7o "B +o od%&+'"9"; do+!'"6e v (-):67, ;'d"9 ( v$;!( )o"6e"&+'6e!( ("do-$-o6&ov )$%e-("$. +ů%'7$ 6$&o)("("ů (%oe"&e"$-'de"(", o%(d, >e"%'7 jed"o&-(vB67 6$&o)("("ů ' ?#d"; o %)-(


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C; 0G9:; =6F7 0 0G 07? 0 QBB 0 Z70>7, 0 7 Q0 :; :>0G@

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KU> :GB o>+. *# j%o v$+:>9"$ +o !'(!:-"; o>je! do = &" "'!oe"7o je

!e"e, % 7-o>)o do C !. J%o v$>'ve"$ B&


56/326

' vod$, vB7odo je 7o!oe"(&' '9" ' +ovo o ' je!e" % vodo %e %'!o%:de! e%&; do":dv";) d'-;7o d"e. VB7odo eo&96; !:;+"$ je!'"(-'6e %'!o%:de!, )d$ "edo67:_ +"9, "e>o o "'+o+'!ov:"; '&o!'&(6)$ +ov%&. O>v$)-e je +ů>97ve67 oe+'6; ( !:e";, ve&"9 &e-o&$ vod$, &e-o&$ v !:;+"9 ' v ":dv";), +e(%&+ov:".

D 709; :;B 9B> G9've" v9&+:";! &-')ovB! vje!ovo ' '>%o-&"; 7!o&"o%&.Ro;G0 "' 7!"' "e>o-( 9B:; g


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• >e< vod$ %67: v$!:)',• % vodo !o)+: v$!:)'.

S67: v$!:)' je vd$ o;v:"' v )-'%(6)B677!"ovB67 %-'dov":67, )d$ je!e" o %&9"; vod$ ' o)' :"(, &j. o dvo ' &$e67 7od(":67, je "' 7!"' +o(-";! %$%&!e! >-'" o-od;' o%e!e";. P;je! vod$ +o>;7: "ej+ve ve-!( +$67-e ' % o%&e! '% %e vB+'ob "'& ' )o-o(d"; -:&)$ e"do%e+!. P;je! vod$ je 9 od-ee"; je!e"e, o7$> %'7 vod$ v 97 !:e";O0 9GB 9 @Q? :7 Q0 cd

= 1 = 2 = 3 )-;e) #,# *#, *C,%&ed e&"; :%& ob 7$d+'&'6e )o-o(dů je +$67-ej; ' %e . *#.

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60/326

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62/326

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je!e" C* #%-'d 8 8

Je >$-o ( %-'dov:"; od>o+:"o "' 6)+$. Te"&o d'j v') "e";

Ve 1== je!e"e je o>%'e"o C* )+o>. Kd$>$ %e :d"B )+o> "e+odB67'-, !%; 4= %-'d o>%'7ov'&C* )+o>, &j. = . S-'d o>%'7je je" '%( 8 , &$-' +odB67:"'. P+odB67'"B )+o> 9 )-;e";,&e-o&9 ( )-;e"; ' "' ("&e"+ j%o o(&$ ) vB%&'v>9 "ovB67 &):";. P =990> 9B%'7 >;-)ov(" evede"o do +o;-)ov(" od-e Ko->'67', (&o! v;-)ov(" +o>;7: %o'%"9 %e %$"&;-)ov(" %e e!(%bje do )o;")ů. P+o&o %e %'7 >;-)ov(" v je!e"(.

P+o +o6e% )-;e"; !'j; +ov"9 ve-)B vB)' !;+' +o9"9 ved-e %e>e.D>0 76>B : ?7 < =QR> 0G< G 2b3 G 3b4 G>B Q0, < 709 0G< G 3b4 0 G

G>B Q0.Kd$ %&e-)' e+o%&e d-) e v(d(&e-":. Te"&o %&'v ov$)-e ve-!( -e7): '


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)e7): ' j%o ( j'))o-( d'-; !'"(-'6( %e %-'de! 'o do )-;(de-. S0 7+o!'d' v$'dje do%&'&e) vjevj; %e d'-; )o;")$ ' o)+'je jej(67 +ů%&, 7+o!'d'

("&e";; : 9?

0Q? 99 0 7Q9. X=G?:; Z70>7%'7 )$%-;) ' o(d 7-((&7o v 7+o!'d9 ( )-;e";,• &e-o&' ( )-;e";,• d-)' )-;e";.

4.' TE%&NOLOIE KL$ČEN$ Če+%&v9 %)-(;-)ov(" v %'7 >;-)ov(" dů%-ed)e! "'d!9+" d%;)'& vB(v$, je!e" "e"; %)-ov(&B, '-e v$+o>e"B %-'d !: ";"; ":)-'d$ j%o v$;. P+o&o je o>%'7 >;-)ov(" 97 )-;

e"; ' ) o>v$)-e o'dov'"! +oe%67-: 7+o!'d' o)+o; ' "' 7!"e67 (7"ed o>+:&;. V "e!'&(6)B67 %-'dov'd-e67 %e )+o;' o>+'6; %o'%"9. X(""o%& )+oe"; !: >B& '-e%oU # "' jed"o )+oe";.

Po'dov'"B ' o&e>"B o>%'7 vod$ je ov-(v"9" v-'%&"o%&!( 9"7o %-'d ' v;-)ov("" % o>%'7e! >;-)ov(" "'d 1# %e vedo


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4.3.2 /=090 7=7B =6 >;; Te-o&' 7+o!'d "' 7!"e67 %e +e-je o+:";! ' v(d+ov:";! o>+'6e";!, "')$e";!, ;'d"9 %&'e";!

"e>o ovo-e";! 7+o!'d$. Te-o&' v(-)$ o+o%e"$

7+o!'d' !: d;-o.P( "e!'&(6)! %-'dov:"; je o>%'7 o(d 7-((&7o ve v9&+'6;! v0 7=7; =@F< QQ:9:`

K;; =6 >707; 7=7F &e-o&' ( )-;e"; je o 6e-o do> )o"%&'"&"; ' !ůe >B& ";0 G7 7=7B =6 >;; QQ:9:` K;; 7je v +o7: =60


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v$%o)o>;-)ov(""B67 je!e"ů ' je!e"ů j("') o)o("'6; &e67"o-o(; )-;e"; ' $&"B67, "o%"B67 v$)-B vede"; 7+o!'d %e 9 e&+')&ov9 ' e"v$)-e 7!"' % 67-'do>;.

V-'%&"o%&; 7!e" je o o!o6;ve"&(-:&o+ů. V;+:"; %-'d ' !$&; 7!e". '&;e"; 7!e" je o>v$)-e v +o&;", 've" o>+'6ee! "' )$e"; ' %>;+:"; %-'d ' ve"&(-:&o+e! "' v9&+:";

)-;;6;7o d;-' v-7e"B! )-(!'&(e%&'v9"B +o%&o+ ' vB+''ve";, %o&e> e-e)&+(6) e"e+(e, vod$ '67-'v$)-e do C= ) !#. P( do%&'&e" )''6(&967-'0 =+. ?1 j') ":o 1C ů-o-;, 6o !oUje "ejvBe %ed!(de""; "e>o o%!(de"";)-;e";. D-)' o>+'6ee je jed"o ů-o-e. &o7o v$-Bv:, e v -("6e o%v" 7+o!'d$ v


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v9&+'6;67 )-'e). N'%&'ve"; je +ov:d9"o +"9, v !ode+"9j;67 +ovo+'6e";do)+:9& )-;;6; B& +ov:d9"o &'), '>$ >$-' dod+e"' 6e-)ov:do>' o%ov:"; 7+o!'d$ do>' )-;e"; ) o-( %>;+:"; %-'d, 6o "eodov;d: vd$ &o!, 6o 7+o!'d' v$'dje.

P( o&e>9 +'v$ do>$ )-;e"; "'%&:v'j; ' (%&o&$ -e67ů -;%)$, (%&o&' )'":-ů ' +o%&o+ od -e67$. VB7odo %"'d je, e ( v9&;! o& -("e)v jed"o! '&e "e!%; !;& )'d: -(")' %vůj v-'%&"; o>+'6e.

Rů:; ' Q7:; .Mo7o +'6ov'& &')&ov9 "e>o )o"&(":-"9.

%QH>"ov: )-;(d-',• %);Uov: )-;(d-',• '67&ov: )-;(d-',• 7o+(e+ To "e>o ve+&():-"9 Po, do "97o %e v$!:; je!e" % vodo "e>o >e< vod$. K-;e"; +o>;7: >" je v7:"9" v ' +o). Nov, !ode+"; >>"$ j%o )''6(&"9 ' &+oj":%o>", -"9 '&o!'&(6), '-e e"e+e&(6)$ ":+o".

V'+('"&$ >>"ovB67 )-;(de- %e -(; 7-'v"9 o&e! ' +o>", ' &') %!9+e! +ů67od )-(!'&(;G


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D+7B v$)-;$-$ %-o$. M$6; %&+oj je +:!,o%'dov'"B67 )o-ej"(6;67 !$j; -e67$ B& -(>ovo-" )o"%&+)6e. A: 0=> = 79? 0 907? 9QG, 7 G9G=; GQ0F 709; B7 L0Q; Q0, 0 Q0 < 9BHH; 7> :7.

S0G90G D07 &o7o&o %$%&! je %-'dov'6; +o6e% )o"&(":-"; ' +o>;7: "' &+'"%o+&";67 :%e67.Ped!:e"B je!e" %e do+'v; "' +v"; &"e-ovB :%, )de "B '%. VB


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%-ed)e! o!e("ov'"B67 jed"o&e), v "(67 %e %-'dov'-o


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ve"&(-:&o+e! +o 7voob %);U %e !%; o67o(&e-"9 v$7:& < &e-o&$ )-;e";"' &e-o& do&'7ov'6; ' o %)o"e"; 7vo+. ??, ? je )+7ov %-'dov'd-o, !;%&9" ve+&():-"9 "'d %e>o. S vB7odo je v$;v:"o %'!o%:d.

:)-'d"; +oB :; ] )-;e"; ] 7voB :; ] )-;e"; ve v9(, 7vo;7: o 6e-o do> "' jed" -;%6e. S0G90 =>7"; ":)-'d$,• ";je ##= - o>je! ":dv";).

P( vBo&e67 o>je!ů %e (o;&:v: 1= "' "ev$(&B +o%&o+, "e>ob je!e" je v$d&B ' vod' jej !%; o=,# ! ev$ov'&.

"e(&9"; od'd";67 vod ("; =, ' =,C ) HSK "' 1== ) je!e"e.


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1== ) je!e"e d: +ů!9+"9 1?= ) 6;F 8== ) je!e"e.

4.4.4 A0?QB 0 9?=7B =9:GF =6 :; 0 >;; H97e! !:e"; ' )-;e"; je "e$&" '"'-$&(6)$ %-edov'& 'd '+'!e&+ůg

"H7F; 79; 0: !: %e +ov:d9& oje! ' je7o o>je!ov 7!o&"o%&( "e"; e%".

S709; 0< 9GB F :; 0 >;; P+o %&'"ove"; o>%'7 vod$ -_ !e&od ;!7o v:e"; v9 < -e&(v' do ":dv";).Ped )'dB! d'-;! %'7 vod$ od-e ":%-ed j;6;67 v(-'"6e %-'dov:"; v$-Bv:, e >$&e) %("$ je o)o-o C . P+o&o "e-+'"! +ů!9+"! v * 7.

P7+'"! v+ov'"B67 &e-o!9+ů "e>o %e;6;>@ 0 76>B %+:v"9 vede": 7+o!'d' vo"; o o)+):67, vů"9 6(


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%&ej"9 d-o7. Ko;")$ &e") ' "e%&ej"o!9+" %("'-(_ ;-( !"o7o vo ;-( v$%o)o &e-o& )-;e";.V %$%&!e67 "e!'&(6)B67 %-'dov'de- j%o +'6e6;!( %&+oj( o)o


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5 !VO"DĚNÍ SLAD#J P>H

!9QGF; Q:9F< :Q; 9?B 0G;7'j; ve %-'d 7->o) $$ !9-' %v9&-B67 %-'dů +o>;7'& ( &e-o&:67 v%& j;6;7o v

ve"; +ů%& )o;")ů ' %&e-)$, '-e v ;7'j; v '+ev"B67 ' '+o!'&(6)B67 -:&e), 67'+')&e+(%&(6)B67 +o d'"B &$ %-'d.

27e!(6) ' >(o67e!(6) e +o+'6ov:"$ ' %v9&-7o %-'d je dů-e(&, e o>' &$$ +e')6; +o>;7'j; ( v$; &e-o&9 ' ( v$;! o>%'7vod$. Č; B G:Q; > G70F; 9GB =6 =6G? 7=7:, 7; F 796;QB07>? 0> ;Q>>B, >7 < =G;7 0 0>; QB9FG;7'j; o!'-ej( < důvodů ";%'7 vod$.

Pe67ode! "' "e;! o7ev$ 7vo


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o(d$ d%;) < +ů!$%-ovB67 e7'-:&ů. V &')ov! ;'d9 je "&"o +o dod+e"; -(!(& o>%'7 N"(&+o%'!("ůve %-'d &+v'-e o;v'& %;e"; ( 7vo%'7e! vod$.

5.2.1 "FB =6 9QGF;

7 je &e)&B od;- %o+"9 7 je %&'v ( %e";, )d$ v !'&e+(:- je je" )'(-:+"; v-7)o%&. Je &o >od +o

S";e"; o>%'7 vod$ v9&e"; o>je! v dů%-ed) od%&+'"9"; vod$ < +o%&o+ů, )&e+ v%'7je vod$ ( v$%o)B67 &e-o&:67 v dů%-ed) "e%+:v"7o +ů>97 7vo


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Dů-e(& j%o o+:v'j;6;67 )+o>g o>%'7 \'!$-'%$ %e >97e! ed%oe";


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L;%)$ &$ KIPP j%o do -o67$ 1== !# jed"od;-" ' %)-:9j; %e ) jed" %&+'"9 7voo d;-ů.

K+7ov 7vo;+'"7o %-'d. P( do&'7ov:"; je < důvod %o+ e"e+(e !"o%&v; v;+'"7o %-'d, j(" $ !9- !;& ;"7o "e). To&o evBe"; v:d; %e '%( 1 6! "' 1 ! ;)$ 7vo%-7$.

5.4.5 S;:; 79 0G<S>;+:"; 7o&ov7o %-'d je ve v9&("9 "'(67 %-'dove" +ov:d9"o vB7+'d"9 %)-:9";! -;%e) do F? >H@

"' %-'d, )&e+ j%o od -;%)o. )+7ovB67 7vo =6099:; 0G =H>Q9:;

QB07> 0>797B 0 B =>:Q: ;? 0 0GR90? 0G : ;7 7=7< 9QG


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5.4.$ D:>9: G0, B 0 00 9QG<D:-)ovB!( (d-$ !9;!e ' +e(%&+je!eg &e-o& v9 ' +ovo$-' &') !'-:, e v !"o7' "ovB67 %-'dov":67, o%&'ve"B67 v C=. -e&e67, "e!o7o o;& 9:; 9?; :>0G@. V

V+'6e";! &e-' o "e+e


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ob %e ed%o; ve-) !"o%&v; v

9? 9QG

Jed"o-;%)ov 7vo+. 1, # -je od =,8 do 1,# !, 6o odov;d: ' v' 7vo

Nedo%&'&e"B vB)o" ve"&(-:&o+ je +od-oe"; do>$ ed%oe";, ' +o&o %e !%; +'6ov'& % v$;!( &e-o&'!( v0 =6G 97:7B& +$67-ej; "e i2


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"'-7o ' %&ej"o!9+"7o +o%e"; v$%o) v+%&v$ %-'d ( &e-o&:67 8= ' 8 i2. důvod e"e+e&(6)B67 %o+%e o;v: 1== +e6(+)-'6e v; G709:; '+v$ %-'d. V -e&";67 !9%;6;67 %e doo+je dov:"; +e)e+:&o+ů&e-' < od67:97e! do&'7ov:"; %e !"o%&v; v


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Pe)o"'" je ( o;v:"; o>+'6ee "' %od"; -;%6e ve"d+, "e>ob "' %&ej"o!9+"o%& 7vo


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V?GB G;>9 0 G99 9QG< =9 9QGe %&oj;6; jed"o-;%)ov 7voob )o!>("ov'":%);U je ve %+ov":"; % jed"o-;%)ovB! 7voje!ovB67


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1== ) je!e"e o%)$&"e 8 ) od%e"7o %-'d,1== ) je!e"e o%)$&"e 1?= - od%e"7o %-'d,1== - je!e"e o%)$&"e 48 - od%e"7o %-'d.

5..2 C; 9?; >0=070 9QG<

2e-o+o"; vB+o>"; )''6(&' 7vo


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K do%'e"; &o7o&o 6;-e je "&"g• R$67- %";e"; o>%'7 vod$ v 9 7vo97"o& e&+" v$7:&; "' do&'7ov'6; &e-o& ' do)o"'- do

&'e"; %-'d ( &e-o&:67 8=8 i2.


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5.$.2 !9QGF; 9F7 0G< 0 G;>9 9QG<

N' jed"o-;%)ov! 7vo %v9&-7o %-'d o;v: &+. .Do>' 7vo$ !%; +o>97"o& ve67"$ 7-'v"; &e67"o-o(6)$ vB%'7e! >;-)ov(", )-;e"; +o>;7: ( v$;! %&"( do!oe"; ?C?8 ' ( v$; &e-o&9 )-;e";.

3vo


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S-'d %e o "'%&e"; %'7 vod$ ' 1= , ;!%e )o"; ed%oe"; %-'d.

? Ped%e"B %-'d %e v$7eje "' &e-o& = i2, o>%'7 vod$ %e %";; '%( "' . v$ov:"; &+v: '%( C 7, '>$%'7 vod$ v 7o&ov! %-'d je '%( # .

> 9QGF; 700 0 Q=B& !;%&9"$ &'), '>$ "e>$-$ ov-(vUov:"$%:-'vB! &e-e! < )o"%&+)6;, ;'d"9 )o!;" 7vo97 7vo;+'"7o %-'d m&n

$ %e )o"&+o-";


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S=760 =090 0 9?697 7vo" ) o7:&; %-'d mGJnr# &e-o o&e>" ) od'e"; vod$ mGJnr* &e-o o&e>" ) o7:&; v" ) od'e"; vod$ *8 ' ?1 r#,• &e-o o&e>" ) o7:&; v$&)ov !"o%&v; SO # ve %-'d "e!: e)+o(& 7+'"(6(1= !.)1. P( "'d!9+"! %;e"; vdo>;. D:-e je )o"&+o-' "&": vd$ &e7d$, v$%)$&"o-( %e "; +o6e% %e )o"&+o-je 6o "ejod+o>"9j( od ":) ' ;j! je!e"e, !:e";, )-;e";, 7vo%'7 vod$, oe& )+oe"; ' o>+'6e"; 7+o!'d$, &e-o&' v 7+o!'d9, &e-o&' ' +e-'&(v";

v-7)o%& "' 7!"e67 "e>o v +o%&o+ %-'dov'd-', !"o%&v; ' v-'%&"o%&( v9&+'6;7o v' )o"&+o-ov'& o>%'7 vod$ v "'%&;+'"!


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Pod-e -(&e+'&+$ j%o o>v$)- d;-;


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ODKLIČOVÁNÍ A SKLADOVÁNÍ SLAD#J P>H

>.1 ODKLIČOVÁN$ SLADU N0 9QGF; 090Q9:; 0G6;>@, =H>Q? Q 0 =00 o>+. C1 je v:-e6,v "9! j%o "' 7;de-( ev"9"$ +ů(6e% od)-(ov'6;!( e+&9!(. J%o 9F7NFH; G=0G =6 9?F 0G< 0G9? >9F7. e 1== ) je!e"e %e (o&e67"o-o(;67 ' ( ;+'v9 vB(v"B67 )+!(v.e %-'dove" %e eedje >_ vo-"9 -oe"B, $&-ov'"B >e< +'v$, "e>o +'"-ov'"B. S-'dovB )v9& je %(-"97$+o%)o(6)B, +o&o je je7o %)-'dov:"; +o>-e!'&(6). J%o %-'dov"$, )de %e %-'dovB )v9& !e-e, ;! %e do%:7"e "eje" o do .4 EPEDI%E SLADU Pod-e o'd'v) od>9+'&e-ů je %-'d eedov:" vo-"9 -oe"B, +o !e"; ' %e6(:-"; od>9+'&e-e $&-ov'"B

"e>o ve ve-)oo>je!ovB67 v'6;67. S-'d $&-ov'"B je +o&( "'v-7"&; 67+:"9" v"(& $&-e o-$e&7$-e"ovov-o)o.


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N' )+'&; v


89/326

$ VÝ%O&A SPECIÁLNÍC! SLAD'J P>H

Me%'7e! >;-)ov(" ' o &;d9"; "' %;&9#,# !!, &;-)ov(" d:v: edo)-'d$ v$;7o o>%'7 e"%o-&"; 7!o&"o%&; (-e), )&e+ ( %-'dov:"; % v$;! o>%'7e! vod$ ' d-e)-;e" o%)$&"o '+v$ +oB& +'( o'&e" v-'%&";!


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7.4 PENIČNÝ SLADPH? 0G =&;"9 %;. Do&'7ov'6; &e-o&' "e%!; >B& v$; "e i2 o do> * 7od(".O>%'7 vod$ ve %-'d %e o7$>je o)o-o .

VB+o>' %e6(:-";67 %-'dů ("; '%( < 6e-)ov +od)6e %-'d v Če%) +e>-(6e.


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8 SLADOV) VÝTA*K+J P>H

S0G9 9?70>B < Q0@ %e %o%&ed(-' do %e6(:-";67 :.S@ < 9F7 0GB =QR> 7B=< 0 0GB G0707>. Po

;v:"; )+o>"'&B67 ":7+'e) +o vB+o> vB&')ů "e"; ovo-e"o. N' vod, )&e+: %e o;v: ( vB+o>9 vB&')ů, j%o )-'de"$ %&ej" o'd'v)$ j')o "' vod +o vB+o> (v'.

8.1 TE%&NOLOIE VÝROBY SLADOVÝ%& VÝTA)KŮ V?0 0G9? 9?70>@ >:G: Q 76; :G? =0;`

• +o&ov:"; %-'d,• v'+"; +o6e% v$-7ov:"; %-'d,• od'ov:"; vB-7ů.

8.1.1 Š79:; 0G<@+o&ov:"; %-'d je %7od" % ;+'vo +o& +o v'+" (vov'+. ';

>e!, "e>o +o.

P+o vB+o> d('%&'&(6)B67 vB&')ů %e < důvodů o'd'v)ů "' !'(!:-"; '!$-o-$&(6)o !o7&"o%& o;v: o$ %-'d("$. S-'dovB +o& %e v$%&;+: do vod$ v o!9+ #g1 ' *g1. Te-o&' vod$ je d-e +ovoje! ):d9 %e v$7eje o%&"9 "' =# i2 ' "e67: %e do)o"'-e B&"e'&(v";. Po do)o"'- %ed(!e"&'6( !-:&' %e %-'d("' %6ed; "e>o %&:7"e v+67e!. >$- !-:&o %e d:-e '-e%oU&()+:& v$%-'d; &e-o vodo = i2 &'), '>$ o%-ed"; vB%&e-e) !9- do =, %'67'+(o %6eB& (:-e", 7o)"e>o )$%e-. D('%&'&(6): !o7&"o%& je ' 8== j.aK.

K0G7; 0G9? 9?70> je &!'v; >'+v$, v$+o>e"B v9&("o o


92/326

( NÁ!%A*K+ SLAD#K0 K06

S0G9 :0>B G H>9 7 < G 0G; =990>< ov %+o:&$ ' 6)e+" %+o:&$. Mo7o %e o;& %-'d$ ( < j("B67 o>(-"(". V &o!&o ;'d9 '-e "ejde o e)o"o!(6)B ee)&. T$&o %+o:&$ %e %;e o;v'j; +o vB+o> %e6(:-";67 (v "e>o j')o ;d've) )e %-'d +o e6"9 -'&;, e o(&; >9"B67 )+o>ovB67 "e>o 6)e+"'&B67 %+o:&ů do 1= 7!o&"o%&( de !;&

!e"; "e'&(v"; %e"$ +o6e"&o %+o'6e "e!9-o"()d$ e)+o(& #= %-'dov7o %$:";. S+o'6e v$; "e ?= "' +:& v v'7, e %-'d v$+o>e"B < j'+";7o je!e"e dvo'd7o je )v'-(&"9j;. S-'d v$+o>e"B < o v ůvod";! %&'v. '&;!6o %-'dovB )+o> !'v$)-e ' # %-'dov7o +o& v(-"("'!(,< "(67 je "ejv7od"9j; . Je!e" %e d;ve >9"9 o;v'- v !"o%&v; 1= +o $ (v',!ůe >B& -(!(&j;6;! ')&o+e! ( o>%'7 -)'"ů ' o>%'7 !'-B67 )+o>ovB67 9 %e6(:-";67 (v v N9!e6) ' v He-((. VB7odo je v$%o): e&+')&(v"o%&, "evB7odo o>%'7 >;-)ov(", edev;! -e), )&e+B je %&ej" +o>-!$ j')o v$%o)Bo>%'7 -)'"ů v je!e"( ' %-'d +od-je %6e(-ov("$ %e o;v'j; o:67 9"B67 (vov'+%)B67 %+ov(".K%'7je ' # &). K)(6e %e o;v: ve o+!9 )+(6e "e>o v-oe), ;'d"9 !o)$. I &') je '-e ))("B %+o:& 7$+o%)o(6)B' ":67$-"B ) o(d'6(.

%? %e o;v: j')o %+o:& edev;! v A%(( ' v A!e+(6e. Je ve-!( do>+o ":7+')o %-'d % o>do>"oe&+')&(v"o%&; ' % ve-!( ";%'7e! >;-)ov(". NevB7odo je o%'": &e67"o-o(e +!&ov:"; %+o:&.

Č> 9? %e j')o %+o:& o;v: edev;! v A+(6e. Je &o "ev$%o): &+:v', o>(-)$ j%o o>'-e" -67o. M: v$%o)B o>%'7 &&("ov7o 6)+ 18 .

":% %e 9%&je v


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9." %UKERNAT( NÁ&RA)KY V?G< 07? :0> 0G: Q=_ 9 %e +'!>o+ov7o, e"("7o, ))("7o 'od. Te"&o &$ %+o:& %e o;v: "eje" v Seve+"; ' J("; A!e+(6e, '-e ( v "9)&e+B67ev+o%)B67 %&:&e67, j')o Ve-): H+(&:"(e ' F+'"6(e. S(+$ %e v$+:>9j; )$%e-o "e>o e"+'" 7$d+o-$&(6) ' o(do+ed)"; e":"e), J. ed%.g Re-:&o+$

+o%&-(""7o +ů%&, A6'de!(' P+'7'g 144, %. #4*11.

@EH0NEK. J., PSOTA. V.g Rů%&ov +e-:&o+$ ve v


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II. ČÁST

SUROVINY

PROVÝROBU

PIVA


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1 SLADJ P>H

10.1 ÁKLADN$ %&ARAKTERISTIKY SLADŮ Nej>9"9j( v$+:>9"B!( d+7$ %-'dů v Če%) +e>-(6e j%o 9F7? 0G ' 09>? 0G. O%&'&"; d+7$ %-'dů j%o v "'(67 9"$ o. 1=1.

1.1.1 S9F7? 0GSv9&-B %-'d je 67'+')&e+(%&(6)B ; >'vo+%)7o %-'d je )-;e" -&9" o 1# d"$ d-e % v$;!o>%'7e! vod$ ' ( v$; &e-o&9. e-e"B %-'d je e-&9". Je od-("9 7vo%'7 vod$ %e o7$>je o)o-o # .

T'>. 1=1 27'+')&e+(%&()' &$ů %-'dů >9" 7od"o&$ v %("9 v%'7 vod$ mn ? #,* # # # >'+v' mj.EH2n *,? 1= ]* ]1== ]1= ]1= ]?v(%)o;-)ov(" mn 1=11, ]1# " " " " 1#+o'67ovo ;%-o *8?# " " " " " "+('>(-(&' mn 8=4= " " " " " ]=%)-ov(&o%& mn ]? " " ] " " ]17o!oe"(&' mn = " " " " " "!od(()'6e mn 8=4 " " " " " "-)'"$ m!.-1n 1==#== " " " " " "\AN m!.1== !-1n 1= " " " " " "\'!$-'%' mjn *= " " " " " "o>%'7 PDMS m! )1n ]C " " " " " "%7(" m!-n = " " " " " "o>je!, 7!o&"o%& m)n #C " " " " " "7!o&. 1=== %'7 -;%"; mn ]=, " ]=, " " " "" "e%&'"ovje %e, 1 %v9&-B, ? )'+'!e- %v., . e"("B] !'. 7od"o&' # !"(67ov%)B )'+'!e- &!. !(". 7od"o&' * d('%&'&(6)B C >'+ev"B


96/326

11 C!MEL A C!MELOV) VÝ%O&K+J009 Č=>0, J0 K

C, 0> G0 Q 76; Q:>0G; =990>? B7< 6>< 79F00>77> 00 0 : G0H; 7>B G@7 9077.

V Če%) +e>-(6e %e 9%&je 67!e- "' v$%o) +ov"( ' ve-): :%& < 6e-)ov +od)6e %e v$v:; &!9 do 6e-7o %v9&'.

27!e-e v$-e67&9" v +v"; o-ov("9 &o7o&o %&o-e&; v '&e6) o>-'%&( %e %&'-$ "' d-o7 o>do>; %v9&ovB!%&'"d'+de! "ejv$; )v'-(&$. Jej(67 7-'v"; ed"o%&; >$-o ' %&:-e je v$"()'j;6; je!" '+o!' >e< j')B67)o-(v &"ů"e:do6;67 ved-ej;67 vů"; ( '67ů. M"o7o v ;7'j;6; !ode+"(?, )&e+B %e 9%&je v !"o7' od+ůd:67 +o (vov'+%) e-$. Je +o97 '>)'. "; v$+ů%&'j; ' do 7-o>)$ C ! 7-'v"; )ů-ov )oe"$k do %&+'" v$+ů%&'j; o%&+'""; odde")$ o +'vB67 ' )+$6;67 -(%&e"ů.C9 :9>B o>+. 111, )&e+ %e %)-;0, =09? 0 >B; 7@ ' ( o-o' ' 6e-)ov !"o%&v; j%o od+ůdovo v-'%&"o%&;, %o'%"9 j%o v')


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11.1.3 PF7; 07PF79:; 9 Č% 7:7F >79: 0 6;Q. V Č% < =9B 76 =F77> 07

*07> 0 /H7F> v Če67:67 ' TH> O-o!o6e "' Mo+'v9. V +o6e 1444 %e 67!e- 9%&ov'- v '&e6) o>-'%&( "' ?C# 7', v %&e6) o>-'%&( "' 8C 7' ' v &+(6) o>-'%&( "' C#= 7'.

Ve %v9&9 je v9&("' 7-'v";67 +od6e"&ů 67!e-e %d+e"' v Me;d)$ ' o&:v)$. T+'d(";! ' vB+B +ů%& 67!e-ov +o%&-("$ je "e$&"B do%&'&e) d%;), o%o+,d+'%-;), v:";) ' 7o;) v ůd9.

e!9d9-%): vB+o>"; &e67"o-o(e 67!e-e :G:; +ov:d; %e -:"ov(&9 o!o6; )oe":ů, )&e+ %e '>)$ ( < !-'dB67 j'+";67 vB7o"ů. PF77>: 7 %'7 vod$ v 67!e-ovB67 7-:v):67 o %)-(do>o &;-;%)ovB67 7vo_ ) d'-;! -(6e %e od-e (-"; -:&)$, )&e+ %e %"'d"o o(dj;, &9; ' vov'"B v


98/326

e< ;%& ;!7o %v9&-', "ej-e"' do>e ($ !9- >B& %)-'dov:" %'!o%&'&"9, '>$ "e"'>+'- "ev7od" '67$ od j("B67 !'&e+(:-ů. S)-'dov'6; +o%&o+$ !%; >B& 6o"ej67-'d"9j;, "ej-e % &e-o&o do i2, )&e+: $&)$ o>%'7 \7o)B67 )$%e-(". P+o %)-'

dov:"; -(%ov'"7o 7-:v)ov7o 67!e-e %e doo+j; %)-'dov'6; &e-o&$ do)o"6e )o-e! =i2. V :d"! ;'d9 >$ "e!9- >B& 67!e- %)-'dov:" d-e "e jede" +o).

11.' ODRŮDY %&MELE G; ( =990> G>0 %e od+ůd$ 67!e-e d9-; "' (-( 007>, ed%&'vov'"

edev;! '&e6)B!( od+ůd'!(, % -e67&(-B! ' ;je!"B! 67!e-ovB! '+o!'. D:-e "' 6> ' 9B>0od+ůd$ % v$%o)B! o>%'7e! +$%)$(6, 7-'v"9 \7o)B67 )$%e-(", '-e % !"9 ;%'7e! \7o)B67 )$%e-(", j')o '!e+(6) od+ůd$ G'-e"', E+o(6', Ne&, O-$!(6,27("oo) ' To!'7'^).

K'd: od+ůd' !: %v )v'-(&'&(v"; ')&o+$, )&e+ j( od-(j; od o%&'&";67. _!6> >BB %e %)-:d'j; %'7 7o)B67 )$%e-(". Od+ůd$ '&e6)7o o-o+'"7o e+veU:) j%o &$(6)"(;! od;-e! )o7!-o" ' v$;! od;-e! 7o)B67 )$%e-(" "e +6)e+, F-e% ' Te&&"'" !'j; ";%'7 \7o)B67 )$%e-(" ' v$%o)B o!9+ 7!-e" ) )'+$o$-e" v 7-ovod;)ov +')6( %(-(6. O>

%'7 \)$%e-(" %e je )o-e! ? ' , o>%'7 )$%e-(" >Bv: # ' .Pod+o>"9j; o>67od"; '%'7 \7o)B67 )$%e-(", od;- )o7!-o" v \7o)B67 )$%e-(":67 ' od;- '+"e%e" v 6e-)ovB67 %(-(6;67. Ve %v9&ov! &+7 67!e-e! j%o o>67odov'"B! od+ůd:! ('9 ev' je d9-e"; od+ůd do &$ )v'-(&'&(v"9 od-("B67 %)(".

D =9; >? G@G '"-. ("e '+o!' '&; 67!e-e '&e6) e"e&(6) v9&ve '&e6)B o>+'"B e+veU:) v$9%&ov'"B v '&e6) o>-'%&( 2SSA, "9!e6) od+ůd$ Te&&"'" TTE ( S'-&SSP ' o-%): od+ůd' L>-(" PLL. O>%'7 \7o)B67 )$%e-(" %e o7$>je v +o+(d"; od+ůd' S-:de) 2SL. 27!e-e &&o %)("$ !;v'j; *, ' C, \7o)B67 )$%e-(", od;- )o7!-o" ("; #= ' ?= ' od;- '+"e%e" o>v$)-e do , % vBj(!)o od+ůd$S'-&, )&e+: %e % #= odo>: v &o!&o )+(&+( +v"; %)("9.

D 767; >? @ '"-. >(&&e+ '&; '"-(6): od+ůd' No+&7e+" H+e^e+, d"e% 7oj"9' %9"9 9%&ov'": v N9!e6) 3NH, %-ov("%): od+ůd' Se+ S&e(e+ SLS, o-%): M'+(")' PLMA (dv9 "ov e%) 7$>+(d"; od+ůd$ Ho+ 2HO ' P+e!('"& 2PR. 27!e-e &967&o od+ůd v$)'% S2O.


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V o%-ed";67 -e&e67 %e "' &+7 o>jev(-$ ( od+ůd$ % je&9 v$;! o>%'7e! \7o)B67 )$%e-(", e%'7j;6;!1 , )&e+ >Bv'j; o. 111 P+ů!9+" %-oe"; 67!e-eL:7>0 O0 cdvod' 81#6e-)ov +$%)$(6e 1#= o-$e"o-ov -:&)$ #C%(-(6e =,##,vo%)$ ' -((d$ 1*d%;)'& -:&)$ 1#1%'67'+(d(6) -:&)$ 6e--o%' ?==!("e+:-"; -:&)$ C8

S67!' d9-e"; (""B67 67!e-ovB67 -:&e) je "' o>+. 11#.

K =990>B ? >: =076; =B>B6, =BB 0 .

27!e- v') o>%'7je ( -:&)$, )&e+ "e;o o>je)&(v";!( !e&od'!(. K "(! '&; o>%'7 6(11.4.1 C9 =B>B6NG@7FH; >< < =B>B6, >7 < QG 6> +. 11*, < "(67 "ej(""9j; je%)("' _6>? >B, %)-:d'j;6; %e ev:"9< 7!-o", )o7!-o" ' 'd7!-o". M"9("" j%o o%&'&"; %-o)$ +$%)$(6, j')o ^6>>BB --o", )o--o", 'd--o" "e%e6((6) !9)) +$%)$(6e 7!-("o"$, -&+(o"$' &v+d +$%)$(6e 7!-("ov ' 7-("ov )$%e-("$. 27e!(6)$ %e jed": o %-o(& o+'"(6) %-oe"("$, )&e+ %"'d"o od-7'j; o(d'6( ' d'-;!67e!(6)B! e!9":!. ej!"' \7o) )$%e-("$

%"'d"o o(dj; ' !9"; %e v "e%e6((6) !9))


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+$%)$(6e ' &v+d +$%)$(6e, )&e+ !'j; od%&'&"9 "(; (vov'+%)o 7od"o&. P+o&o %e !%; 67!e- %)-'dov'& v67-'d ' &e!" +. 11?, )&e+ j%o j( +o;7: je"v "e'&+" !;e, ' +o&o jej(67 ;%9ve) ) 7o)o%&( (v je !"o7e! !e";.

SQ>: 6>7 =90 99F0 0 _6>? >B, 0 =6=;90; > ;:7F G0H; =G7B =6FB 6>? >B0 F>7 G0H; >B =90. 3o)o%& &') v$)'o ev:"9 je" (%o\7o))$%e-("$. D'-;! ')&o+e! ov-(vUj;6;! )v'-(&7o)o%&( je od;- )o7!-o" v \7o)B67 )$%e-(":67. V$%o)B o>%'7 )o7!-o" )o+e-je % ";%'7e! )$%e-(" ' "'o'). P(v' v$+o>e": < 67!e-ů

% ";%'7e! )o7!-o" !'j; !;+"9j; ' ;je!"9j; 7o)o%& "e (v' % v$%o)B! o>%'7e! )o7!-o".

K+o!9 v$&v:e"; %e"(-(& (v"; 9"$.So- % +(&B!( +')6e!( >;-)ov(" ' )'&(o"&$ dvoj!o6"B67 )ovů %e ')&(v"9 %o-od;-ej; "' &vo+>9 ov+67 >-'")$ >>-("e) 9"$, )&e+: %vo +"o%&; (-(&. Le; %&'

>(-(&$ 9"$ %e &') do6(-je (v < 67!e-ů % "(;! od;-e! )o7!-o".I$ v'+ o)+'j; 67e!(6) e!9"$ 67!e-ovB67 +$%)$(6, ( "(67 %e v"; o%&+'""; e&9


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&+)o ( %v;+'vo. N'+o&( &o! %e"G77>: G70 \K!] 9 =7.V SA ' v J'o"%) %e o;v'-' %e)&+oo&o!e&+(6): !e&od'. O>9 !e&od$ !9-$ %v ed"o%&(, '-e ( "evB7od$.V F 7: 9; 0=09 070 \!PLC], )&e+: o%)$&je +e:-" ("o+!'6eo %)&e"! o>%'7 \7o)B67 )$%e-(" v '"'-$Bv: +o) ' o+'"o-e&(6)o 7o)o%&; (v'.

27e!(6) %-oe"; 67!e-ovB67 %(-(6 je "e%&:-e do-Uov:"o "ovB!( o


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e ')o-( v9&("' &e+e"(6)B67 7-ovod;)ů ;&o!"B67 ve 67!e-ovB67 %(-(6;67 ( 67!e-ov'+ v$&): % vod"; :+o ' d'-; :%& %e o7'&o %!9% % ev'j;6;! od;-e! -'vo"ovB67 -$)o%(dů, '"&7o)$'"oe"ů, )'&e67("ů ' vo-"B67 e"o-ovB67 )$%e-(".J%o &o ve%!9% +e')&(v";, ve vod"B67 +oe +o;-)ov(":!.

Nejv$; o>%'7 6e-)ovB67

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