1 st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk Techno-economic comparison of different cycle architectures for high temperature waste heat to power conversion systems using CO 2 in supercritical phase Matteo Marchionni Giuseppe Bianchi Kostantinos Tsamos Savvas A. Tassou Brunel University London
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1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk
Techno-economic comparison of different cycle architectures for high temperature waste heat to power conversion systems using
CO2 in supercritical phase
Matteo Marchionni Giuseppe Bianchi
Kostantinos Tsamos Savvas A. Tassou
Brunel University London
1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk
Waste Heat Recovery: some data • The energy rejected from industry
under the form of heat is estimated to be the 20-50% of its overall energy consumption
• The recovery of industrial waste could bring a saving of 1800 TeraBTU/year with an economic value of $ 6 billion/year (US DOE, 2004)
• In the UK 163 TeraBTUs/year are rejected in the environment, almost one sixth of the overall industrial energy consumption.
1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk
Waste Heat Recovery: some data • Particular industrial sectors reject a
more significant percentage of the overall energy consumption to the environment
• Main relevance in energy intensive industrial plants
• In many cases this energy is rejected
in form of high thermal grade heat (steel, cement, chemical industry)
• The heat recovered has to be used or
stored, not always is possible
1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk
Waste Heat Recovery: technologies • Heat re-use and storage
– Steam production – Heat pumps
• Heat adsorption • Thermochemical conversion • Thermal water desalination • Heat to power conversion
• Pressure and temperatures assumed accordingly with the limits of the currently material technology
• Isentropic efficiencies of the turbomachines have been assumed accordingly with the experimental tests carried out by SNL
• High grade Waste Heat Recovery applications
1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk
Results: parametric analysis
SR RC RH RCRH
1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6cycle pressure ratio
100
120
140
160
180
net p
ower
out
put [
kWe]
back
wor
k ra
tio (P
CMP/P
TRB)
(a)
3.6
1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6cycle pressure ratio
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
back
wor
k ra
tio (P
CMP/P
TRB)
(b)
1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk
Results: 1st Principle analysis
150 155 160 165 170 175electrical net power output [kWe]
RCRH
RH
RC
SR
32% 34% 36% 38%energy efficiency
(a) (b)
1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk
Results: Exergy analysis
50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%irreversibility breakdown
RCRH
RH
RC
SR
27% 28% 29% 30% 31%exergy efficiency
(c)
(d)
SENSCLR
RECLT
RECHT
HEATHP
HEATLP
TRBHP
TRBLP
CMPMAIN
CMPSPLIT
1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains
Investment cost analysis To calculate the CAPEX for each layout component and then for the overall cost of the different cycle schemes,the following correlations have been adopted:
( ) ( )( )1479.34 ln 1 exp 0.036 54.40.93T in
T
c m Tβη
= + − −
( )171.10 ln0.92C
C
c m β βη
= −
0.592681HXc k A=
0.78
1300.093HX
Ac k =
Where: • the temperature is expressed in °C • the mass flow in kg/s • the heat transfer area in m2
1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk
Results: Investment cost analysis
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%cost breakdown
RCRH
RH
RC
SR
800 1050 1300 1550 1800$/kWe
(e)
(f)
SENSCLR
RECLT
RECHT
HEATHP
HEATLP
TRBHP
TRBLP
CMPMAIN
CMPSPLIT
1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains
RCUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains www.foodenergy.org.uk