Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services -Geosynthetics DEC2011

December 1, 2011

[Development Of Construction & Performance Specifications For

Geosynthetics Reinforced Materials For Road Embankments And Pavements

& Performance Evaluation Of Reinforced Earth Walls (Re-Walls) Along Thika

Road]

i Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF ROADS

MATERIAL TESTING AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT

Technical Proposal

VOLUME I

CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR:

1. STUDIES ON GEOSYNTHETICS REINFORCED MATERIALS FOR ROAD

EMBANKMENTS AND PAVEMENTS; AND,

2. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF REINFORCED EARTH WALLS (RE-

WALLS) ALONG THIKA ROAD (A2)

December 2011

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ii Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Consultant’s Interpretation of Objectives of the Assignment

1.2 Consultant’s Interpretation of Consultancy Services to be provided

1.2.1 Fundamental definition of Performance-Based Design Methodology

1.2.2 Example of Performance-Based Specifications from Consultant’s experience and interpretation

1.3 Mode of achieving Results

1.4 Introduction to Geosynthetics in brief

1.5 Brief Introduction of the European Geogrids Expert Panel (EGEP)

Chapter 2 Appreciation and Interpretation of RFP 2.1 Brief general background of assignment

2.2 Brief description of Projects

2.3 Comments and suggestions on the Terms of Reference (TOR)

2.3.1 Comments

2.3.2 Suggestions that could improve the quality/effectiveness of the assignment

2.3.3 Counterpart staff and facilities

2.4 Standard forms

2.4.1 Form T1: Technical Proposal Submission Form

2.4.2 Form T2: Consultant’s organization and Experience

A. Consultant’s Organization

B. Consultant’s Experience

2.4.3 Form T3: Comments and Suggestions on the TOR

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A. Terms of Reference

B. Counterpart staff and facilities

2.4.4 Form T4: Description of Approach, Methodology and Work Plan for performing the assignment

2.4.5 Form T5: Team composition and Task assignment

2.4.6 Form T6: Curriculum Vitae (CV) for proposed Professional staff

2.4.7 Form T7: Staffing schedule

2.4.8 Form T8: Work schedule

2.4.9 Summary of Technical Proposal Standard Forms

2.5 Appreciation of Contract for Consultancy Services

2.5.1 General

2.5.2 Particular

2.5.3 Obligations of the Client

2.5.3.1 Assistance and exemptions

2.5.3.2 Services and Facilities

2.6 Overview of the Kenya Road Design Manual and the Standard Specifications for Road & Bridge Works

2.6.1 Road Design Manual

2.6.2 Standard Specifications

2.7 Consultant’s Assignment obligations

2.8 Client’s Assignment obligations

2.9 Summary of Changes as Contained in the Tender Notice No. 1

Chapter 3 Consultant’s Corporate Profile and Relevant Experiences 3.1 Brief description of Consultant’s organization

3.2 Outline of recent experience on assignments of a similar nature

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iv Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Chapter 4 Technical Approach and Methodology 4.1 Preamble

4.2 Study Objectives and Approach

4.2.1 Basic analysis

4.2.2 Brief background of Necessity of Consultancy Services

4.2.3 Consultant’s Interlinking Matrix of Approach to Services

4.3 Consultant’s familiarization with the Scope of the Study

4.3.1 Literature review

4.3.2 Condition surveys including structural evaluation on Geosynthetics trial sections constructed in Kenya from 1987 to 2011

4.3.3 Development of Design Procedures, Preliminary Construction Specifications and Quality Control Systems and Recommendation of Appropriate Testing Equipment

4.3.4 Performance Evaluation of RE Retaining Walls along Nairobi ~ Thika Road (A2) and Design of Monitoring Programmes

4.3.5 Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments on selected roads in Kenya countrywide

4.3.6 Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced DBM/AC on selected roads in Kenya countrywide

4.3.7 Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes

4.3.8 Submission of Reports

4.3.9 Organization of Stakeholders Workshops

4.3.10 Preparation of Final Reports

4.4 Overall Technical Approach

4.5 Overall Methodology

4.6 Approach and Methodology to delivery of the Services required

4.6.1 Condition survey and Scoping Inventory

4.6.2 Development of overall Research Philosophy and Regime

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4.6.3 Proposed field and laboratory Testing Regime

4.6.4 Equipment and Instrumentation

4.6.4.1 Laboratory Equipment

4.6.4.2 Field Measurement Equipment

4.6.4.3 Calibration and Verification of Equipment

4.6.4.4 Innovatively Modified and Fabricated Equipment

4.6.5 Comprehensive Scientific and Engineering Analysis

4.6.6 Methods of Design

4.6.6.1 Geosynthetically Reinforced Pavement Structural Design

4.6.6.2 Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankment and Foundation

4.6.7 Methods of Construction

4.6.8 Quality Control Systems

4.6.9 Example of Development of Preliminary Performance –Based Specifications

4.6.10 Example of Maintenance Procedures Proposed

4.7 Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth (RE) Geostructures & Retaining Walls

4.7.1 Evaluation and Monitoring of RE Geostructures

4.7.2 Evaluation and Monitoring of Retaining Walls

4.7.3 Comprehensive Analysis and Characterization of RE-Retaining Walls Interaction

4.7.4 Consultant’s Relevant Experience in Developing Monitoring and Evaluation Systems & Programmes

4.8 Development of Mechanistic-Empirical Design Procedures for Geosynthetically Reinforced Flexible Pavement Structures

4.9 Road Maintenance Procedures for Geosynthetically Reinforced Flexible Pavement Structure

4.10 Consultant’s Relevant Experience in Research Oriented Design for Geosynthetics Reinforced Geo-Structures

4.10.1 Pavement Structural Design Example

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vi Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

4.10.2 Embankment and Foundation Design Example

4.11 Consultant’s Relevant Experience in Research Oriented Design for Geosynthetics Reinforced Geo-Structures

4.12 Capacity Building

4.13 Environmental Impact Assessment

Chapter 5 Work Plan 5.1 Basis of Work Plan

5.2 Tasks for required Services of the RFP

5.5.1 Main Task/Work Schedule

5.5.2 Priority of Schedule of Works

5.3 Task Analysis and Management

5.3.1 Task breakdown and Reciprocal Activities

5.3.2 Proposed Tasks Management System

5.4 Mode of Task Implementation

5.5 Main Tasks/ Work schedule

5.6 Implementation Arrangement

5.6.1 Implementation Arrangement by Logistics

5.6.2 Implementation Arrangement by Tasks

5.7 Summary of Deliverables

5.8 Consultants Tool Book

Chapter 6 Organization and Staffing 6.1 Overall Organization Structure of the Consultant

6.2 Proposed Organization Structure for the Assignment

6.3 Composition of Proposed Staff

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vii Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

6.4 Summary of Staffing Task assignment

6.5 Proposed Staff Assignment Schedule

Chapter 7 Overview of Key Personnel 7.1 Abridged Curriculum Vitae for Professional Staff

7.2 Abridged Curriculum Vitae for Key Support Staff

Chapter 8 Current Workload

Attachments A1 Vital Documents

A1.1 Certified Copy of Consultant’s Company Certificate of Incorporation

A1.2 Certified Copy of Current Tax Compliance Certificate

A1.3 Current Workload

A1.4 Curriculum Vitae (CV) of Proposed Key Staff

A1.5 Certified Copies of Certificates and Testimonials of Proposed Key Staff

A2 Key Correspondence and Tender Notice No. 1

A2.1 Key Correspondence

A2.2 Tender Notice No.1

A3 Reference Spread Sheets for Some Figures and Tables

A3.1 Figure 4.1 Consultant’s Interlinking Matrix Approach

A3.2 Figure 4.2 Overall Approach and Methodology for Achieving Objectives

A3.3 Table 5.3 Tasks Breakdown, Mode of Implementation and Personnel Tasks Assignment

A3.4 Figure 5.1 Proposed Tasks Management System and Implementation Arrangement

A3.5 Figure 5.3 Implementation Arrangement by Tasks

A3.6 Figure 6.3 Proposed Professional Staff and Support Staff Assignment Schedule

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A4 Example of Method of Geosynthetically Reinforced Pavement Structural Design (4.6.6)

A5 Example of Methods of Construction (4.6.7)

A6 Example of Innovatively Developed Quality Control Procedures (4.6.8)

A7 Example of Performance Monitoring & Evaluation (4.7)

A8 Example of Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems and Programmes (4.7.4)

A9 Example of Consultant’s Experience in Design of Geosynthetically Reinforced Geostructures

A10 Capacity Building (4.12)

A11 Environmental Impact (4.12)

A12 Clients Associates and Experience

Volume II Qualifications V-II.1 Curriculum Vitae for Professional Staff

V-II.2 Curriculum Vitae for Key Support Staff

V-II.3 Consultant’s Company Brochure

Volume III Consultant’s Tool Book

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1 Chapter 1 Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Consultant’s Interpretation of Objectives of the Assignment in General The Study objectives are stipulated under Item 2 of Section 5 of the RFP which addresses the Terms of Reference (TOR).

In general, the Consultant’s interpretation of the main objectives is the Client’s wishes to determine the effectiveness and degree of performance and/or contribution of Geosynthetics in flexible pavements in order to determine its benefits mainly for purposes of developing specifications and guidelines for Design Manuals. In this regard therefore, it is an important objective of this Study to quantify this effectiveness and provide a better understanding of the Geosynthetic mechanisms in pavements and other Geostructures.

In more specific terms, the Consultant has defined the objectives and briefly discussed the necessity of the consulting services required for this Study under Section 4.1 of Chapter 4 of this Technical Proposal under which the Technical Approach and Methodology is presented.

1.2 Consultant’s Interpretation of Consultancy Services to be provided

1.2.1 Fundamental Definition of Performance Based Design Methodology

Performance-Based Design (PBD) fundamentally entails that, deformation in ground, pavement materials and structures soils along with the reciprocal structural deformation and stress states be comprehensively analyzed by adopting sophisticated methods, particularly for structures with high exposure to seismic action.

In performance-based design, the acceptable level of drainage, i.e. the damage criteria, should be specified in engineering terms such as displacements, limit stress state and ductility/ strain limit based on the function as well dynamic loading and/ or seismic response of the structure.

1.2.2 Example of Hypothetically Proposed Performance-Based Specifications from Consultant’s

Experience and Interpretation

Based on the Study objectives, the fundamental definition of Performance-Based Design defined in Sub-Section 1.2.1 and the Consultant’s experience, an example of the ultimate output expected by the Client in terms of Performance-Based Specifications for Geosynthetically reinforced pavements and Geostructures, developed and hypothetically proposed by the Consultant is presented in the following Sub-Sections.

1.2.2.1Example Of Performance Based Properties

I. Definition

The term “performance based” shall mean the contribution of the Geogrid in enhancing the mechanical stability, strength, bearing capacity, deformation resistance, structural capacity, durability, stress distribution characteristics, and secondary consolidation properties of the composite pavement structure that can specifically define its qualitative properties in quantitative terms.

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II. General

The performance engineering properties of the Geogrids shall be determined based on the scientific and engineering concepts, and methods of testing presented in Attachments 1 and 2 respectively.

The enhancement of the following engineering properties of the pavement structure shall be construed to form the performance based specification of Geogrids in general.

1. Tensile Strength 2. Compressive Strength 3. Modulus of Elasticity 4. Structural Capacity 5. Degree of Interlocking 6. Durability 7. Stress Distribution mode 8. Secondary Consolidation (Creep) rate 9. Reduction of Structural Thickness

1.2.2.2Performance Based Specification (PBS)

I. Strength

I.1 The tensile strength shall be enhanced to a minimum of 9 (Nine) fold of that of the Geomaterial without Geogrid.

I.2 The compressive strength measured from Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) tests shall

be improved by a minimum of 6 (Six) fold of that of the Geomaterial without Geogrid. I.3 The tensile to compressive strength ratio measured under triaxial conditions shall be a

minimum of 0.02. I.4 The maximum compressive strain at failure measured from Unconfined Compressive Strength

(UCS) tests shall be 2.5%. I.5 The ratio of the lateral stress (minor principal stress) to the axial stress (major principal stress)

shall be 0.25 at failure measured from triaxial conditions.

II. Modulus of Elasticity Parameters

II.1 The elastic stiffness shall be enhanced to a minimum of 1.5 fold that of the Geomaterial without Geogrid.

II.2 The Elastic Limit Strain (ELS) shall be improved by a minimum of 2.5 fold that of the

Geomaterial without Geogrid. II.3 The tensile stress to elastic modulus ratio measured under triaxial conditions shall be a

minimum of 8.5X10-5.

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II.4 The compressive stress to elastic modulus ratio measured under triaxial conditions shall be a minimum of 4.5⨉10-3.

III. Structural Capacity

III.1 The structural capacity measured from deflection tests shall be enhanced to a minimum of 2.5 fold compared to that of the Geomaterial without Geogrid.

III.2 Structural thickness, measured from dynamic tests, shall be improved by a minimum of 50% in comparison to the non-reinforced composite layer.

III.3 The number of increase in the standard axles over the design life shall be increased by a minimum of 3 fold as simulated from dynamic vibrated loading in comparison to the non-reinforced composite layer.

IV. Degree of Interlocking

IV.1 The degree of interlocking represented by the angle of internal friction of the Geomaterial particles measured from Direct Shear, Triaxial Tests, in-situ dynamic tests (i.e. DCP) or analytically inferred from approved tests and consolidation stress ratio measured from Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression (CUTC), shall be enhanced to a minimum of 5 fold of that of the Geomaterial without Geogrid.

V. Durability

V.1 The durability shall be enhanced to a minimum of 1.8 times of the design life of the pavement structure without Geogrid based on prediction adopting the Structural Capacity Depreciation Model (SCDM).

VI. Stress Distribution Mode/Intensity

VI.1 The stress distribution within a Geogrid reinforced (mechanically stabilized) composite pavement structure shall be representative of a pyramid of Geoparticles when measured in 2D at varying locations of the total thickness (t) at layer thickness lt=0.2t over the full model or otherwise actual depth of the pavement layer. In this case, the Geogrid shall be required to enhance the area of stress distribution and/or reduce the stress intensity by a minimum of 5 times within a layer of standardized OBRM GCS Aggregate without any form of chemical stabilization. The Dynamic Cone Penetration Test undertaken in the field is recommended, whilst Direct Shear and UCS shall be applied for model tests.

VII. Secondary Consolidation (Creep) Rate

The rate of secondary consolidation creep of standardized gravel tested under triaxial conditions at a consolidation strain rate of 0.001%/min shall be reduced by a minimum factor of 3 to further enhance the strength by a minimum of 1.5 fold and the deformation resistance (ELS) and secondary yield strain by a minimum factor of 2.5 determined from Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression (CUTC) Tests.

1.3 Mode of Achieving Results The technical approach, methodology and work plan proposed and set out to ensure achievement of the stipulated objectives is presented in Chapter 4 and 5 of this Technical Proposal.

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1.4 Introduction to Geosynthetics in Brief Geosynthetics have been widely used for geotechnical and environmental applications globally for the past four decades. New products and applications are routinely developed globally to provide solutions to routine and critical problems. Over the years, these products have helped Design Engineers to solve various types of engineering challenges where the use of conventional materials would be restricted or considerably more expensive.

There is a significant number of Geosynthetic types and applications, common types of Geosynthetics used for soil reinforcement include geotextiles, Geogrids and Geocells. A wide variety of Geosynthetic products can be used in environmental protection including Geomembranes, Geomats, Geonets, Geocomposites and Geopipes. Geocomposites are Geosynthetics made from a combination of two or more Geosynthetic types. Examples include: geotextile – Geonet; Geotextile – Geogrid; Geonet – Geomembrane; or a Geosynthetic clay line (GCL). Geopipes are perforated or solid-wall polymeric pipes used for drainage of liquids or gas. Geosynthetics are also used to mitigate: erosion, slope failure, poor bearing capacity, etc.

Construction of Geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls (GRS RW’s) and Geosynthetic-reinforced steep slopes of embankments has become popular in Asia (e.g., Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and India), following pioneering works in Europe and North America. Among the technologies used to construct these numerous Geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures in Asia, a couple of unique ones that were developed in this region are reported herein.

Fig 1: Geosynthetics commonly used for soil reinforcement (Bathurst 2007)

Fig 2: Schematic view of some typical Geosynthetics used in environmental protection (Bathurst 2007)

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5 Chapter 2 Appreciation and Interpretation of RFP | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

1.5 Brief Introduction of the European Geogrids Experts Panel (EGEP) The European Geogrids Experts Panel (EGEP) is an association of 12 Elite World renowned researchers

who have been and continue to undertake RISD (Research and Innovation for Sustainable Development) in

Geosynthetics in general and Geogrids in particular.

The Consultant’s proposed Team Leader was the first and only non-European to be included in this Panel.

Chapter 2 Appreciation and Interpretation of RFP

2.1 Brief general background of assignment The Materials Testing and Research Department (MT&RD) of the Ministry of Roads (MoR) aims to procure, vide the RFP, the services of an eligible consultant to work in close consultation towards the “Development Of Construction And Performance Specifications For Geosynthetically Reinforced Road Embankments And Pavement Materials As Well As Performance Evaluation Of Reinforced Earth (RE) [Geo-structures and Retaining] walls along Thika (A2) Road,” with the objective of developing design procedures, construction specifications and quality control systems for Geosynthetically reinforced embankments and pavements as well as design of monitoring programmes for performance evaluation. All undertaken under a research regime tailored towards achieving results that are effectively applicable to detailed analysis that culminates in Performance Based Specifications for Geosynthetics.

2.2 Brief description of Assignment The Consultant shall constitute a Team of four experts as detailed in the Request for Proposal (RFP) and experienced skilled support staff capable of undertaking field activities, coordination of laboratory and field testing, collating and production of reports to work in close consultation with MT&RD under this Study.

The Team shall design and implement the research regime to achieve results that are effectively applicable to detailed analysis to provide Performance Based Specifications for Geosynthetics. The Consultant’s tasks are fully enumerated in Chapter 4, Section 4.3 which illustrates the Consultant’s familiarization with the Scope of the Study.

2.3 Comments and suggestions on the Terms of Reference (TOR)

2.3.1 Comments

Typographical error in the numbering of the TOR items whereby 3 is used twice in repetition and thus the item on Duration of Studies should be number 4 and consequently for the rest of the items ascending.

Capacity building and training should be considered as an integral part of the assignment for purposes of achieving sustainability and enhancing technology transfer.

2.3.2 Suggestions that could Improve the Quality/ Effectiveness of the Assignment

Cost effective evaluation of the use of Geosynthetically reinforced geo-structures

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Performance comparison of Geosynthetically reinforced earth (RE) [Retaining] walls to traditionally constructed retaining walls under dynamic loads.

Evaluation of hydraulic properties of Geosynthetics

2.3.3 Counterpart staff and facilities

Inventory of facilities including equipment and instruments Calibration status List of personnel by skills Current workload

2.4 Standard forms

2.4.1 Form T1: Technical Proposal Submission Form

The Consultant presents this form as the Covering Letter included with this Technical Proposal attached

after the cover page before the TOC.

2.4.2 Form T2: Consultant’s organization and Experience

A. Consultant’s Organization

A brief background and organization of the Consultant’s organization is presented in Chapter 3

under Section 3.1.

B. Consultant’s Experience

The experience of the Consultant in assignments of a similar nature or relevant to the execution of consulting services similar to the services requested under this assignment (this Study) is detailed in Chapter 3, Section 3.2.

2.4.3 Form T3: Comments and Suggestions on the TOR

A. Terms of Reference

The Terms of Reference have noted under Section 5 of the RFP have been elaborated upon in Chapters 4 to 6, whereas the changes that were incorporated in Tender Notice No. 1 are briefly introduced in Section 2.9 of this Technical Proposal.

Some suggestions were made by the Consultant in his correspondence to the Client dated Monday, 28th November, 2011 of Ref. No. KKL/MOR/MTRD/CE/RFP/TN1/02/10/11

The Consultant intends to make further suggestions on the TOR in close consultation with the Client should he win the tender.

However, the Consultant considers that the information provided in the RFP and the Tender Notice No. 1 is sufficient for the preparation of the Technical and Financial Proposals.

B. Counterpart Staff and Facilities

The Consultant’s interpretation regarding this item is that it will be pursued in detail with the

Consultant who is awarded the Contract.

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2.4.4 Form T4: Description of Approach, Methodology and Work Plan for performing the

assignment

In preparing his Technical and Financial Proposals, the Consultant has adhered to the stipulations

of this Form T4.

2.4.5 Form T5: Team composition and Task assignment

The Team composition and Task assignments have been compiled in accordance with the stipulations in

this Form and presented in Chapter 6 of this Technical Proposal.

2.4.6 Form T6: Curriculum Vitae (CV) for proposed Professional staff

The Curriculum Vitae presented in Volume II of this Technical Proposal have basically been prepared in accordance with the stipulations of this Form.

2.4.7 Form T7: Staffing schedule

The Staffing Schedule is presented under Section 6.5 of Chapter 6 of this Technical Proposal.

2.4.8 Form T8: Work schedule

The Main Task/Work Schedule prepared based on the format of this Form is presented in sub-section 5.5.1.

2.4.9 Summary of Technical Proposal Standard Forms and Application

Table 2.1 provides a summary of Technical Proposal Standard Forms and the application thereof. Table 2.1 Summary of Technical Proposal Standard Forms and the Application thereof in the Technical

Proposal

S/No. Standard Form Itemization

Description of Form Chapter of Application

Sub-setion

RFP Stipulation

1. T1 Technical Proposal Submission Form

Submission Letter

N/A Upon Submission

2. T2 Consultant’s Organization and Experience

3 T2A – 3.1 T2B – 3.2

2 Pages 20 Pages

3. T3 Comments and Suggestions on TOR and on Counterpart Staff and Facilities to be provided by the Client

2 T3A 2.3.1, 2.3.2, T3B – 2.3.3

4. T4 Approach, Methodology and Work Plan for Performing the Assignment

4 T4(a) – 4.4, 4.5,

4.6, T4(b) –

5, T4(a) - 6

50 Pages

5. T5 Team Composition and Task assignments

6 6.3, 6.4 & 6.5

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6. T6 CV for Professional Staff 7 7.1 7. T7 Staffing Schedule 6 6.5 8. T8 Work Schedule 5 5.5

Note: The Consultant ensured the application of the Standard Forms accordingly.

2.5 Appreciation of Contract for Consultancy Services

2.5.1 General

The Contract comprises four sections namely: the Form of Contract; the General Conditions of Contract; the Special Conditions of Contract; and the Appendices.

The General Conditions of Contract

① General Provisions ② Commencement, Completion, Modification and Termination of Contract ③ Obligations of the Consultant ④ Consultant’s Personnel ⑤ Obligations of the Client ⑥ Payments to the Consultant ⑦ Settlement of Disputes

2.5.2 Particular

The Special conditions of contract are Amendments of and Supplements to Clause in the General Conditions of Contract and comprises the details of the Client and the Consultant including authorized representatives, the effective date of contract, date of commencement, period, risk coverage, contract amount, payment schedule, account details and payment period.

2.5.3 Obligations of the Client

2.5.3.1 Assistance and exemptions

Clause 5.1 of the General conditions of Contract stipulates that the Client shall use his best efforts to ensure that he provides the Consultant such assistant and exemptions as may be necessary for due performance of this the Contract.

2.5.3.2 Services and Facilities

Clause 5.3 of the General Conditions of Contract stipulates that the Client shall make available to the Consultant the services and facilities listed under Appendix F. however, under Appendix F the services and facilities have not been enumerated.

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2.6 Overview of the Kenya Road Design Manual and the Standard Specifications for

Road & Bridge Works

2.6.1 Road Design Manual

The Road Design Manual under Chapter 4 (Earthworks), Section 4.2 (Embankments), Subsection 4.2.3 Fill material, paragraph 4, suggests that if no other earthwork materials are available then a fully flexible pavement on these embankments will be most suitable. If for reasons of traffic category a pavement incorporating rigid or semi-rigid layers is necessary (asphalt, bituminous macadam, lean concrete, concrete cement, lime stabilized or improved gravels, it is suggested that the problem may be overcome by incorporating a “slippage” layer which will stop the cracks being transferred through the pavement. A suitable “slippage” layer will comprise the placing of a layer of polythene sheeting at the top of the subgrade earthworks, and laying a thin “lower sub-base” of sand or crushed dust, before the sub-base.

Under 5 (Drainage and Erosion Control) Section 5.2 (Drainage of Ground water) Subsection 5.2.2 (Drainage Remedies, b (subsoil drains) paragraph 3 states “if surrounding ground is likely to squeeze or wash into the free-draining material, Filter Protection is required. This can be achieved by placing filter material as free-draining material in the trench.

And further in paragraph 4 of the same section states “it is important that the pipe be surrounded by appropriate filter material to prevent fines from clogging the openings. A non-woven geo-fabric of an approved type may be placed around the draining material to prevent silt or fine particles from being washed into it. It may also be useful to place non-woven geo-fabric around the pipe. The effective pore size of the fabric should comply with filter criteria defined in the same section. Where the flow of water is small and where nonwoven geo-fabric is placed around the draining material, it may be unnecessary to place a pipe.” Under item c of the same section (blanket drains) “Non-woven geo-fabric may also be used to prevent fines from blocking the draining layer. Protection by filter layers or non-woven Geofabric may be required on both sides of the blanket drain.” And in section d (seepage remedies) Geofabrics can also be used.

2.6.2 Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction (1986)

The Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction (1986), under Clause 507 (Rockfill to Swamps) paragraph 2 which states “where instructed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall place a filter fabric (‘terram’ or similar approved) under or around the rockfill. When placing the rockfill onto or in the filter fabric the Contractor shall ensure that the filter fabric is not punctured or damaged in any way. Where the filter fabric is placed around the rockfill the final layer of rockfill shall be blinded with gravel so as to present a smooth surface to receive the filter fabric. The filter fabric shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Where instructed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall first excavate unsuitable material and then place and embed rockfill on and into the underlying material, or a filter fabric if specified by the Engineer.

Clause 517 (measurement and payment) Section K (item: filter fabric under, over or around rockfill defines the unit as m2 of each weight of fabric specified and specifies that; the filter fabric placed under, over or around rockfill shall be measured as the net area of filter fabric instructed. Further, the rate for filter fabric shall include for the cost of preparation of the surface to receive the filter fabric, the provision, transport, storing and laying the fabric in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, all

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laps and/or stitching and for complying with Clause 506 (Swamps) and 507 (Rockfill to Swamps) of the same standard specification.

Under Clause 507 (Rockfill to Swamps) paragraph 2 specifies; where instructed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall place a filter fabric (‘Terram’ or similar approved) under or around the rockfill. When placing the rockfill onto or in the filter fabric, the Contractor shall ensure that the filter fabric is not punctured or damaged in anyway, where the filter fabric is placed around the rockfill the final layer of rockfill shall be blinded with gravel so as to present a smooth surface to receive the filter fabric. The filter fabric shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Where instructed by the Engineer the Contractor shall first excavate unsuitable material and then place and embed rockfill on and into the underlying material, or on a filter fabric if specified by the Engineer.

2.7 Consultant’s Assignment obligations

① Perform the Services and carry out his obligations with all due diligence, efficiency and economy in accordance with generally accepted professional techniques and practice.

② Observe sound management practices and employ appropriate advanced technology and safe methods.

③ Always act, in respect of any matter relating to the Contract or to the Services, as faithful advisor to the Client and shall at all times support and safeguard the Client’s legitimate interests in any dealing with sub-consultants or third parties.

④ And additionally as stipulated in Sub-clauses 3.2 to 3.7 of the General Conditions of Contract and further in the Special Conditions of Contract.

2.8 Client’s Assignment Obligations

① Clarification and Amendment of the RFP documents ITC 2. ② Receipt and opening of proposals ITC 4. ③ Proposal evaluation including the Technical and Financial Proposals ITC 5. ④ Negotiations, including Financial negotiations ITC 6. ⑤ Award of Contract 7. ⑥ Provide inputs and facilities as per 1.4 of the Data Sheet. ⑦ Provide services as per 6 of the TOR. ⑧ Receipt of the reports as per 7 and 9 of the TOR and 3.6 and 5 of the General Conditions of Contract.

2.9 Summary of Consultant’s Interpretation of Changes as Contained in Tender

Notice No. 1

A summary of the Consultant’s interpretation of changes as contained in Tender Notice No. 1 is

provided in the Attachments to this Technical Proposal.

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11 Chapter 3Consultant’s Corporate Profile and Relevant Experiences | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Chapter 3 Consultant’s Corporate Profile and Relevant Experiences

3.1 Brief description of Consultant’s organization

3.1.1 Introduction

Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited (KKL) is an independent International Civil Engineering firm with its Headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya. KKL is a strategic developer / think tank and offers a full range of civil engineering construction with in-house Research & Development, laboratory and consulting services, from project conceptualization to post-implementation, and project contract management to human capacity building. The Firm has been involved in major civil engineering construction and development projects working with leading construction firms under its Department of Construction while providing state-of-the-art innovative Consultancy, Advisory, Technical Assistance to projects as well as being the first African firm to specialize in providing these services in-house to other construction contractors. The firm is proud to be associated with the best construction firms like Kajima Corporation and local/African construction firms including EYAT OILFIELD SERVICES Co. Group: EYAT Roads & Bridges, EYAT Mining & Exploration, EYAT Forwarding in North and Southern Sudan, Kundan Singh Construction and others in Kenya, Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda, Burundi and Tanzania. KKL fosters high priority on research and on the development of new techniques and technologies that can save and optimize available resources realizing the required tasks economically, timely, and efficiently. KKL’s dedication to uphold professionalism and excellence in all its undertakings confirming the Firm’s leadership in its field and has earned the trust of its clients, thereby establishing a sound international reputation. KKL always receives recommendations and enquiries from governments like GoSS who highly appreciate KKL innovations and Expertise, Agencies like JICA, ERA and KRB.

3.1.2.3 Specific Experience And Contribution Within Region

Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited (KKL) has vast experience in undertaking various highway and bridge projects in Africa. KKL have expedited their engineering expertise in various countries in Africa for more than 10 years. Having undertaken various projects in numerous developing countries especially South Sudan, KKL have developed appropriate and suitable technologies and pragmatic project management principles that are not only adaptable to the conditions that are prevalent in these countries, but are also versatile in their application. In developing these technological concepts and management principles, KKL appreciates, as a fundamental notion the fact that developing countries particularly in Africa are usually faced with major tasks and challenges that deter socio-economic development. On the other hand, population explosion and rapidly inconsistent and unsustainable development are yet other factors that they have to contend with. Furthermore, Civil Engineering projects in developing countries in this region are usually constrained by lack of sufficient or necessary financial resources and technical capability. Under these circumstances and based on their vast experience within this region therefore, KKC fosters and is dedicated in upholding the following undertakings as their contribution to the development of the countries within this region:

1. Constantly develop innovative engineering concepts, design approach and principles as well technology that is appropriate, VE based and particularly tailored for the conditions and environment that is prevalent within this region.

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12 Chapter 3Consultant’s Corporate Profile and Relevant Experiences | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

2. Introduce consistent but versatile management principles that take into account, the existing constrains, social structure, cultural values and modes of community interactions.

3. Propagate more crucially, investment benefit in terms of time, cost reduction of maintenance requirements and most of all, sustainability for the effective utilization of the meager resources available.

4. Encourage technological transfer right from the grassroots level through on-the-job training and practical capacity and capability building programmes

5. Persistently design and implement Research and Development Programmes that foster sustainable development as the most vital component within the total framework of technological and socioeconomic development that culminates in poverty reduction.

3.1.2.5 Organizational Structure

The organization which has many highly qualified Japanese, African and international Key Staff, is presented here below, while the organizational structure is presented in Chapter 6, sub-section 6.1 and 6.2.

Principals Geotechnical Engineers Foundation Engineers Traffic Engineers Systems Engineers Specification Engineers Tunnel Engineers Railway Specialists Project Management Highways Engineers Soil/Material Engineers Geoscientists Transportation Planners

3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 1 1

Economists Construction Specialists Hydrologists Environmental Specialists Social/Poverty Specialists Structural Engineers Geologists Urban/Rural Planners Cost Estimators Surveyors Architects Claims and Arbitration Experts Financial Experts

1 3 1 2 1 4 4 1 1 5 4 1

II.1 Key professional staff

KKC is led by highly qualified engineers and administrators with the two top engineers presented in the attached CVs in the Appendix.

II.2 Clients and Associations

Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited enjoys a sound reputation and relationship with various Government and International Agencies and has established excellent relationships with many international institutions and foreign government agencies throughout the world.

Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited has worked in partnership and association with many professional consulting firms in Japan and throughout the world. To assure the optimum state-of-the-art implementation and to introduce the most advanced technologies for many special-nature projects, Kensetsu is proud of these human resources of highly qualified professionals in related specialized fields, such as Railway Systems, Harbours and Marines, Airports, Special Structures, Land Reclamation and Poverty Eradication

KKL associates with worldwide partners to foster research and development initiatives. A lot of R&D has been undertaken in association with world leaders in the field of Soil Mechanics, Geotechnical Engineering and Civil Engineering.

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13 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

3.2 Outline of Recent Experience on Assignments of a Similar Nature Relevant Services on Assignments of a Similar Nature in the Last Five Years That Best Illustrate

Qualifications Project No. 1 (Form 02)

Assignment Name: Country: Kenya

Rehabilitation/ Reconstruction of Gisambai-Mbale Road in Vihiga District

Location within Country:

Mbale/Gisambai, Vihiga County, Western State

Areas of Expertise: Professional Staff Provided by Firm/Entity (Profiles):

Civil engineering consulting services, project contract management, human capacity building, research and development.

Project Director, Deputy Team Leader, Contract/Construction Manager, Hydrogeologist, Informatics/Geomatics expert, Geoscientist, Project

Engineer

Name of Client: No. of Staff:

Office of the DPM & Ministry of Local Government, UDD 8 Address: No. of Staff-Months: 22

Jogoo House, Harambee Avenue, Nairobi City Duration of Assignment: 6 months Start Date: (Day-Month-Year)

Completion Date: (Day-Month-Year)

Approx. Value of Project (in current US$ equiv.):

02-05-2009 30-09-2011 US$ 2.216 Million [KES 168.425 Million] Name of Associated Consultants, if any: None

No. of Months of Professional Staff Provided by Associated Consultants:

Name of Senior Staff (Project Director/Coordinator, Team Leader) Involved and Functions Performed:

Project Director/CTA/Geotechnical Engineer: Dr. John Mukabi Deputy Team Leader: Eng. Kabbia Research Engineer: Sirmoi Hydrogeologist: George Amoyo

Design Engineer: Edwin Kanda Systems Analyst/ ICT & Geomatics: Silvester Kotheki Geoscientist: Joram Okado Project Engineer: Eng. Maaga

Narrative Description of Project: The Government of Kenya (GOK) through the Office of the Deputy Prome Minister and Ministry of Local Government (MOLG) Urban development Department (UDD) intended to rehabilitate and/or reconstruct the Gisambai to Mbale road in Vihiga County to asphalt grade. The proposed project is located in Vihiga County region in the Western State (Province), about 420Km from Nairobi City. The project was carried out in Gisambai rural and Mbale town. Vihiga (0°18'0"N 34°55'47"E) is located on the eastern side of the Kakamega Forest along the road between Kisumu and Kakamega, and only five kilometres north of the equator. Vihiga District, which is one of the eight districts in Kenya's Western Province. Vihiga municipality has an urban population of 19,000 and metropolitan population of 98,189 (1999 census).

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Engineering Study and undertake Design, formulate and implement Method of Construction and Supervise Construction for the

rehabilitation and/or reconstruction of the road to asphalt 2. The Programme for the Execution of Works included the following as the main items.

1. Materials Procurement Strategy 2. Detailed Labour and Equipment Disbursement Plan 3. Proposed Construction Flow 4. Proposed Construction Procedures 5. Quality Control and Quality Assurance Plan 6. Programme of Works with Superimposed Cash Flow Curve 7. Cash Flow Spread Sheets and Summary of Bills of Quantities 8. Bills of Quantities, as submitted for the Tender, adopted for generating the Cash Flow.

3. Carried out materials investigation, sampling and testing for the road alignment and other suitable material sites for the aggregate sources used in the construction of the road.

Letter of Award: Ref. No.: Date:

Letter of Completion: Ref. No.: Date:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakamega_Forest

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakamega

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihiga_District

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Province,_Kenya

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Relevant Services on Assignments of a Similar Nature in the Last Five Years That Best Illustrate Qualifications

Project No. 2 (Form 02) Assignment Name: Country: Kenya

Rehabilitation/ Reconstruction of Selected Roads and Storm Water Drains in Bomet Township and Erection of Street Lighting


Bomet County, Rift Valley State




Engineer

Name of Client: Office of the DPM & of Local Government, UDD No. of Staff: 8

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 27.3 Jogoo House, Harambee Avenue, Nairobi City Duration of Assignment: 6 months

Start Date: (Day-Month-Year)


Approx. Value of Project (in current US$ equiv.):

02-05-2009 Ongoing US$ 3.522 Million [KES 267.69 Million] Name of Associated Consultants, if any: None



Team Leader/Sr. Geotechnical Engineer: Dr. John Mukabi Deputy Team Leader: Eng. Kabbia Research Engineer: Sirmoi Wekesa Hydrogeologist: George Amoyo

Design Engineer: Edwin Kanda Systems Analyst/ ICT & Geomatics: Silvester Kotheki Geoscientist: Joram Okado Project Engineer: Eng. Maaga

Narrative Description of Project: The Ministry of Local Government of the Government of Kenya is mandated to

oversee all Local Authorities (Municipalities, Towns, County Councils and Wards) in

Kenya, Bomet Township being one of them. Its major operation, among others, is

provision of rehabilitating, reconstructing and building of new roads and

infrastructure in general for both existing and new projects. MOLG requires basic

road infrastructure to facilitate efficient delivery of requisite goods and services to

enable it reach out to all. It is against this background that MOLG is implementing

rehabilitation of selected roads and storm water drains in Bomet Township.The

project road is located in Bomet Township and includes the existing road which is

predominantly of 6.2kmsearth surface. Due to prolonged periods of neglect and lack

of maintenance of this important lifeline has resulted in destruction of the road

surface and structures in many sections by the combined effect of vehicular traffic

and uncontrolled storm-water runoff. The contract awarded during this phase covers

the repair of the dilapidated road link encompassing requisite repair /construction

of road drainage structures with a view to enabling all weather passage. The project

is faced with various engineering and physical factors which offer major challenges

to this important road link.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Engineering Study and undertake Design, formulate and implement Method of Construction and Supervise Construction for the

rehabilitation and/or reconstruction of the road to asphalt. Reviewed comprehensively, the original design documents. 2. Undertook comprehensive site surveys and investigations. 3. Carried out materials investigation, sampling and testing for the road alignment and other suitable material sites for the aggregate sources

used in the construction of the road. 4. Carried out Geomaterials improvement, mechanical and chemical stabilization and testing for all non-compliance materials.



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Reconstruction of Isiolo Airport Runway Pavement


Isiolo Town, Meru County, Eastern State




Engineer

Name of Client: Kenya Airports Authority No. of Staff: 7

Address: Nairobi No. of Staff-Months: 27.6 , Nairobi City Duration of Assignment: 5months

Start Date: (Day-Month-Year) Oct 2010

Completion Date: (Day-Month-Year) Feb 2011

Approx. Value of Project (in current US$ equiv.): $6.78Million [610KESmillion]

Name of Associated Consultants, if any: None No. of Months of Professional Staff Provided by Associated Consultants:


Team Leader/Sr. Geotechnical Engineer: Dr. John Mukabi Deputy Team Leader: Sirmoi Wekesa Contract/Construction Management: Julius Mosaria Hydrogeologist: Kihuha Ng’ang’a

Technologist: Julius Ogalo Systems Analyst/ ICT & Geomatics: Silvester Kotheki Geoscientist: Joram Okado Project Engineer: Sirmoi Wekesa

Narrative Description of Project: The Kenya Airports Authority (KAA) under the LASSET (Lamu – Southern Sudan – Ethiopia) Project is undertaking the construction of an international standards airport in Isiolo Town to cater for eco-tourism and transport of goods especially “miraa” (Khat) to neighbouring Somalia Republic and open up the region to trade and investment opportunities in line with Kenya’s Economic Development plan Vision 2030 for Isiolo to become a tourist centre that will include casinos, hotels, upscale retail outlets and transport facilities. LASSET involves the construction of a second port in Lamu, railway link to Ethiopia and Southern Sudan, Airports in Lamu, Isiolo and Lokichoggio and various resorts along the links. Kensetsu Kaihatsu Ltd was contracted as consultants to undertake design review and recommendation thereafter to create the best design possible for the construction of an international VE runway pavement. The existing pavement is completely deteriorated with numerous portholes and the airport is completely in disuse due to its current state. The runway width is less than 15m wide and 1.2km long. The KKL Consultants were commissioned by KAA to carry out a design of the airport pavement facility using the Boeing 737-800 as the design aircraft with provision for future expansion.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Comprehensive geotechnical engineering analysis and review of the existing design by employing a Value Engineering approach a nd set up

state-of-the-art international standards 2. Carry out pavement design using Boeing 737-800 as the design aircraft. 3. Assess the state of the existing pavement. 4. Study the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular “Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation” AC 150/5320-6D, ICAO

Aerodrome Design Manual, Materials and Specifications, ICAO recommended practices as detailed in Annex 14 Volume 1, and any other relevant documents.

5. Undertake comprehensive Site Surveys and Investigations. 6. Carry out detailed analyses and assessment of the test data obtained from both in-situ and laboratory tests performed in Kenya. 7. Assessment of the laboratory equipment and capability of the same to carry out material acceptance and pavement control testi ng. 8. Carry out material investigation, sampling and testing for the proposed runway. 9. Perform tests on any other suitable material sites for aggregate sources, later to be utilized civil works.



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Project No. 4 (Form 02) Assignment Name: Country: Tanzania

Construction of Pavements and Buildings at Songwe Airport in Mbeya, Tanzania - Airport Pavement Design Review

Engineering


Songwe, Mbeya, Southern-western Tanzania


Civil engineering consulting services, project contract management,

human capacity building, research and development.

Team Leader, Deputy Team Leader, Contract/Construction Manager, Hydrogeologist, Informatics/Geomatics expert, Geoscientist, Project

Engineer

Name of Client: Government of The United Republic of Tanzania - Tanzania Airports Authority (TAA)/ Kundan Singh Construction Ltd No. of Staff: 8

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 35.3 Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS) Duration of Assignment: 8 months

Start Date: (Day-Month-Year) 09/10/2008

Completion Date: (Day-Month-Year) 2009

Approx. Value of Project (in current US$ Equiv.): US$14.3 Million

Name of Associated Consultants, if any: None No. of Months of Professional Staff Provided by Associated Consultants:


Team Leader/Sr. Geotechnical Engineer: Dr. John Mukabi Deputy Team Leader: Dr. Anthony Monda Contract/Construction Management: Yasusada Kimura Hydrogeologist: George Amoyo

Technologist: Julius Ogalo Informatics/Geomatics Expert: Silvester Kotheki Geoscientist: Joram Okado Project Engineer: Paul Omindo

Narrative Description of Project:

The Tanzania Airport Authority (TAA) received loans from BADEA and the OPEC Fund for the construction of a new airport at Songwe in the Mbeya Region. The Contract for the first phase of the project was signed in July 2004 between the Tanzania Airport Authority and Kundan Singh Construction Company. It comprised the construction of an arrival building, control tower, fire and rescue building, and the construction of a 3.3km runway, access road, car park and apron up to subbase level. The first design was for small aircraft about Fokker 50 standards which was required to be upgraded to a design to cater for an international airport with Boeing 747 as the design aircraft and therefore the Contractor made the engineering judgment to undertake a Detailed Design Review (DDR) of the Songwe Airport Pavement Structure. The consultants, Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited were commissioned by the Contractor, Kundan Singh Construction Ltd to undertake a comprehensive geotechnical engineering analysis and review of the Existing design by employing a Value Engineering (VE) approach and set up State-of-the-Art International Standards fostering engineering and scientific concepts that can be tailored and applicable in Songwe, Tanzania.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff:

1. Review the design using Boeing 747-100 as the design aircraft. 2. Review comprehensively, the Existing Design documents. 3. Study the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular AC 150/5320-6D, ICAO Aerodrome Design Manual,

Materials and Specifications, ICAO recommended practices as detailed in Annex 14 Volume 1, and any other relevant documents.

4. Undertake comprehensive Site Surveys and Investigations. 5. Carry out detailed analyses and assessment of the test data obtained from the tests performed in Tanzania and Kenya. 6. Assessment of the laboratory equipment and capability of the same to carry out material acceptance and pavement control

testing. 7. Carry out material investigation, sampling and testing for the proposed runway, taxiway, apron and access roads alignment. 8. Perform tests on any other suitable material sites for aggregate sources, later to be utilized civil works. 9. Carry out geo-material improvement, mechanical, & chemical stabilization and testing for any non-compliance materials

and/or for purposes of enhancing the engineering properties of the compliant materials. 10. Build capacity in terms of training manpower, and laboratory Technicians on test methods and quality control.

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Project No. 5 (Form 02) Assignment Name: Comprehensive Geotechnical Investigation Engineering Report for Foundation Design for 4Bridges along R. Nile

Country: Southern Sudan Republic

Location within Country: Juba, Central Equatorial State


Civil engineering consulting services, project contract management,

human capacity building, research and development.


Engineer

Name of Client: JICA/ CTI Engineering International [JUTI project] No. of Staff: 9

Address: JICA, Juba Town No. of Staff-Months: 37.3 Duration of Assignment: 6 months



Approx. Value of Project (in current US$ Equiv.):

09-10-2008 2009 US$ 1.2 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any: None



Team Leader/Sr. Geotechnical Engineer: Dr. John Mukabi Deputy Team Leader: Dr. Anthony Monda Contract/Construction Management: Eng. Kabbia Hydrogeologist: George Amoyo

Design Engineer: Edwin Kanda Materials Technician: Wambugu Informatics/Geomatics Expert: Silvester Kotheki Geoscientist: Joram Okado Project Engineer: Justus Otwani

Narrative Description of Project: In response to the request of the Government of Sudan, the Government of Japan (GoJ), through its Implementing Agency, JICA, decided to conduct the “Juba Urban Transport Infrastructure and Capacity Development Study (JUTI) in Juba, Southern Sudan.” JICA selected and dispatched a Study Team of CTI International. Under the Study, it had been established that the undertaking of a Soil (Geotechnical) Investigation Survey, was an important component for purposes of determining suitable and appropriate Basic Design parameters and recommendations for Bridge Foundation Design. Kensetsu Kaihatsu Ltd Consultants were contracted and commissioned by CTI International to undertake to execute Geotechnical Investigation Survey at four Borehole Sites basically as stipulated in the Specifications by carrying out boring and dynamic bearing capacity tests, the analyzed results of which was to be adopted for JUTI. The Scope of Works was to undertake drilling of the four designated boreholes, perform Dynamic Cone Penetration Tests, carry out soil classification at every 1m interval, extrude disturbed samples at every 4m intervals, undertake laboratory testing on the disturbed samples, and comprehensively analyze the test results and compile a Geotechnical Investigation Report that can be pragmatically adopted for a Basic Design.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Preliminary evaluation and assessment of the four bridge sites. 2. Design of appropriate and suitable testing methods and regimes. 3. Carry out material investigation, sampling and testing for the four bridges. 4. Undertake in-situ tests as set out in the Technical Specifications. 5. Perform laboratory tests on the Geomaterial sampled from the boreholes during drilling at the bridge sites. 6. Carry out Geophysical Survey. 7. Prepare and compile a Geotechnical Investigation Report that can be useful for Basic Bridge Foundation Design purposes. 8. Contribute to Capacity Building of MOTR staff.



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Mbeya – Lwanjilo Road Rehabilitation Project


Mbeya, southern western Tanzania




Engineer


United Republic of Tanzania 8 Address: No. of Staff-Months: 27.3

Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS) Duration of Assignment: 6 months



Approx. Value of Project (in current US$ Equiv.):

7-3-2008 On going US$ 16Million [TShs 36.6 Billion] Name of Associated Consultants, if any:


None Name of Senior Staff (Project Director/Coordinator, Team Leader) Involved and Functions Performed:

Team Leader/Sr. Geotechnical Engineer: Dr. John Mukabi Deputy Team Leader: Dr. Anthony Monda Contract/Construction Management: Yasusada Kimura Hydrogeologist: George Amoyo

Technologist: Julius ogalo Informatics/Geomatics Expert: Silvester Kotheki Geoscientist: Joram Okado Project Engineer: Justus Otwani

Narrative Description of Project: As a first for Japan International cooperation Agency (JICA) in hiring a Sub-Consultant directly, Kensetsu Kaihatsu Consultants Ltd (KKL) were contracted to execute The Soil Investigation and geotechnical Engineering works and assist the Consultants, System Science Consultants (SSC) at Multi-Service Training Centre in Juba basically as set out in the Scope of Works and according to the Technical Specifications. The objective of the Preliminary Study was to Evaluate the Appropriateness of Implementation of the Project under the Japanese Grant Aid Scheme. The Project Components are: Construction of Vocational Training Facilities; Provision of Equipment for Vocational Training. The overall objective of the Study was to undertake Geotechnical Investigation at the designated six bore holes sites by carrying out boring and dynamic bearing capacity tests, the analyzed results of which is to be adopted for the JICA Project for Strengthening of Facilities and Equipment for Multi-Service Training Centre in Juba.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Confirmation of the backgrounds, objectives, contents, Importance and priority of the project in the National Sector Programme as well

as the Specification and Quality of Facilities and equipment expected by MOL 2. Confirmation of the Institutional Capacity of the Implementing Agencies that is necessary for the project execution and Maintenance

from the Technical, Financial and Administrative Aspects. 3. Conduct necessary Field Survey for the Project Site (Topographical Conditions, Soil Conditions, and Drainage Conditions etc.) 4. Study on Local Conditions of Procurement (Consultants, Contractors, Equipment, Materials and Labour), Construction and

Transportation. 5. Study on Rough Cost Estimation of the Project and the Schedule required for implanting Constructing and Procurement. 6. Confirmation of the Financial and Technical assistance for other donors in the Study Area.



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Relevant Services on Assignments of a Similar Nature in the Last Five Years That Best Illustrate

Qualifications Project No. 9 (Form 02)

Assignment Name: Country: Sudan

Lainya Jambo Gravel Road Rehabilitation Works


Southern Sudan


Highway Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydrogeology, Pavement and Materials, Structural Engineering, Environmental

Management, Social Science, Economics, ICT and Geomatics, Information Systems, Data Management

Team Leader/ Sr. Highway Engineer, Ass.Team Leader/Sr. Structural Engineer, Sr. Geotechnical Engineer, Sr. Hydrogeologist, Pavement and

Materials Engineer, Environmentalist, Social Scientist, Economist, ICT and Geomatics Expert, Information Systems Expert


Payii Roads and Bridges Co. Ltd/ Ministry of Transport and Roads - GoSS

6

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 269 P.O. Box Private Bag, South Sudan Duration of Assignment: 33.2months



Approx. Value of Project (in current US$):

01-11-2007 Ongoing US$10 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:


Ministry of Transport and Roads, Government of Southern Sudan. (GOSS).

N/A


Team Leader/Sr. Geotechnical Engineer: Dr. John N. Mukabi Deputy Team Leader/Sr. Structural Engineer: Dr. Anthony Monda Project Manager: Justus Otwani

Ass.Project Manager: Stephen Ochieno Resident Engineer: Augustino Mawiti ICT Geomatics/Analyst: Silvester Kotheki

Narrative Description of Project: The project involves upgrading the existing 110km road to an all-weather gravel road with a 9m wide carriageway. The Lainya-Jambo road is situated in the Central Equitoria State of Southern Sudan. It starts at Lainya market, some 100km south of Juba-Yei trunk road and proceeds in a North-westerly direction through numerous market centres such as Bereka, Wonduruba, Mangara and Katigiri terminating at Jambo market in the Juba-Mundri trunk road 110km from Lainya. The road transverses rolling to hilly county characterized by numerous seasonal rivers and streams. The Project is due to be completed in December 2008.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Feasibility Studies 2. Detailed Engineering Design Pavement Structure 3. Engineering Design of Brides and Drainage works comprising of installation of numerous pipe culverts, construction of box culverts,

rehabilitation of several dilapidated bridges and erection of new ones, excavation of catch water and mitre drains, scour protection in form of lined drains, store pitching of embankment side slopes and installation of gabions.

4. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 5. Construction Supervision



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Project No. 10 (Form 02)

Assignment Name: Country: Burundi

Ntare-Rushatsi Boulevard Project for pavement rehabilitation on city roads.


Bujumbura, Burundi


Geotechnical Engineering, Structural Engineering, Project Management And Contract Administration.

Sr. Geotechnical / pavement and materials engineer, construction engineer expert and structural engineer.


Urban Tone Corporation. 3

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 115 Bujumbura, Burundi Duration of Assignment: 12




10-10-2007 2008 0.105 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:


None N/A Name of Senior Staff (Project Director/Coordinator, Team Leader) Involved and Functions Performed:

Team Leader/Chief Technical Advisor: Dr John N. Mukabi Deputy Team Leader/ Sr. Structural Engineer: Dr Anthony Monda Contract and Construction Manager: Yasusada Kimura

Narrative Description of Project: The project involved conducting a study in the works of NR 7 rehabilitation (NTARE RUSHATSI Boulevard) A geotechnical investigation study was conducted with materials testing conducted at the National Laboratory of Building and Public Works “L.N.B.T.P” various tests including Dynamic Penetrometer , Granulometric analysis, Atterberg limits, CBR-Proctor and moisture content were analyzed with an aim of determining the samples of Geotechnical characteristics so as to be able to rehabilitate the section.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Geotechnical study on urban section of Ntare-Rushatsi Boulevard. 2. Design review of pavement structure including concrete kerbing, pitching stonework and protection against erosion, crushed aggregate

Base course, prime and curing membranes, bituminous Base course and asphalt concrete surfacing. 3. Engineering Advisory Services on contract administration and project management. 4. Capacity Building 5. Preparation of final Design and Construction review report.



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Project No. 11 (Form 02) Assignment Name: Country: Sudan

Emergency Road Repairs in South Sudan-Phase3-Wau-Abyei Trunk Road


Southern Sudan


Pavement and Materials Engineering, Bridge engineering, geotechnical engineering, transport economics, Hydrogeological engineering,

environmental managements.

Project Manager/Highway and Geotechnical Engineer, Bride and Hydraulics Engineer, Pavement and Materials Engineer, Structural Designer


GOSS, World Food Programme (WFP) 5

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 354.5 Rome, Italy Duration of Assignment: 24months




10-11-2006 10-07-2008 US$11.7 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:


Katahira and Engineers International Name of Senior Staff (Project Director/Coordinator, Team Leader) Involved and Functions Performed:

Project Manager/Sr. Highway and Geotechnical Engineer : Dr. John N. Mukabi

Sr. Bridge and Hydraulic Engineer : Yasusada Kimura

Sr. Structural Designer : Dr. Anthony Monda Sr. Pavement and Materials Technologists: Ken Wambugu Sr. Materials Technologists: Julius Ogalo

Narrative Description of Project: The project involved Emergency Road Repair Works in the western corridor of Southern Sudan, with several road links being improved including the Trunk Road from Wau to Abyei (237km). The project road starts at Wau and runs generally in a north-westerly direction through Gogrial, Wunrok, traverses Lol River and ends in Abyei. From Wau It traverses several growing centres including Kuajok and Gogrial. The existing road is predominantly of earth surface. Due to prolonged periods of civil war in Southern Sudan; maintenance of this important lifeline has been neglected resulting in destruction of the road surface and structures in many sections by the combined effect of vehicular traffic and uncontrolled storm-water runoff. This renders the road dangerous and impassable to all kinds of traffic, especially during the rainy seasons. UN-WFP consequently experiences recurrent protracted delays in delivery of relief supplies.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Assistance in tendering and Bid evaluation. 2. Pavement Structural Design 3. Contract administration and supervision. 4. Construction management and supervision. 5. Project management. 6. Quality assurance and quality control.

7. Facilities operation and maintenance. 8. Human capacity building. 9. Environmental impact assessment. 10. Relocation and resettlement planning. 11. Post project implementation services. 12. Other technical studies/ services

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White Nile Oil Exploration Project


Sudd Flood Plains, Jalle, Jonglei State, Southern Sudan


Geotechnical engineering, ICT, hydrology, structural engineering, soil

sampling and materials investigation

Geotechnical Engineer, ICT/Geomatics Specialist, Materials Engineer, Hydrogeologist, Structural Engineer


White Nile Ltd. 6

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 54.6 Duration of Assignment: 6months




March 2007 October 2007 USD 30.8Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:


BPC Engineering N/A Name of Senior Staff (Project Director/Coordinator, Team Leader) Involved and Functions Performed:

Team Leader/Geotechnical Engineer: Dr. John N. Mukabi Structural Engineer: Dr. Anthony Monda ICT/Geomatics Specialist: Mr. Silvester Kotheki

Chief Hydrogeologist: Mr. George Amoyo Technoloists: Julius Ogalo Materials Technician: Mr. Kenneth Wambugu

Narrative Description of Project: The flagship project is the 67,000 sq km Block Ba in Southern Sudan, an area equivalent to approximately 28 UK North Sea blocks or 11 UK North Sea quadrants. The English oil producer White Nile Ltd expects to spud the first exploration well on the Block Ba concession in South Sudan for early in the second quarter of 2007. Having finalised the interpretation of the extensive seismic data over the extension of the Muglad Basin carried out with the full support of the Government of Southern Sudan and the local communities, the Board commenced drilling on Block Ba and assisting in expediting the development of the oil industry in Southern Sudan. The objectives of the study were:

1. To help build a foundation for the sustainable development. 2. To facilitate the construction of pad foundations.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Analysis of assessment of test data carried out. 2. Assessment of the lab equipment and capability of the same to carry out material acceptance and pavement control testing. 3. Material investigation, sampling and testing for the road alignment and tests on other suitable sites for aggregate sources utilized in the

construction of the access road. 4. Carried out Geomaterial improvement, mechanical and chemical stabilization and testing for all non-compliant materials. 5. Detailed Engineering Design 6. Capacity building in terms of training manpower, lab technicians on testing methods and quality control. 7. Construction Supervision.

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Project No. 13 (Form 02) Assignment Name: EYAT Oil Field Country: Republic of Southern Sudan

Location within Country: Juba, Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan

Areas of Expertise: Geotechnical engineering, ICT, hydrology, structural engineering, soil sampling and materials investigation

Professional Staff Provided by Firm/Entity (Profiles): Geotechnical Engineer, ICT/Geomatics Specialist, Materials Engineer, Hydrogeologist, Structural Engineer

Name of Client: White Nile Ltd. No. of Staff: 5

Address: United Kingdom No. of Staff-Months: 115 Duration of Assignment: 8months




March 2007 October 2007 USD 160,000 Name of Associated Consultants, if any:


BPC Engineering N/A Name of Senior Staff (Project Director/Coordinator, Team Leader) Involved and Functions Performed:

Team Leader/Geotechnical Engineer: Dr. John N. Mukabi Structural Engineer: Dr. Anthony Monda ICT/Geomatics Specialist: Mr. Silvester Kotheki

Chief Hydrogeologist: Mr. George Amoyo Materials Engineer: Mr. Kenneth Wambugu

Narrative Description of Project: In response to the Contract between the Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS) through the

Ministry of Transport & Roads (MOTR) and the Contractor EYAT Oilfield Services Company

Limited (EYAT), to carry out the Rehabilitation of Urban Roads: LOT1 under the Emergency

Rehabilitation Works in Juba (ERWJ) Southern Sudan, EYAT under the obligation to

construct superior roads and infrastructure for Southern Sudan engaged the services of

Kensetsu Kaihtsu Limited Consultants (KKLC) to partner with. KKLC selected and dispatched

a Study Team and Engineers with Dr. John MUKABI as the Team Leader. Under the Study and

Preliminary Engineering Evaluation, it has been established that the undertaking of a Review

of the Design for the Road M which is a major and very important road that has been

recommended dual carriageway, was an important component for purposes of determining

suitable and appropriate best Design parameters and recommendations for Road Pavement

Foundation, Drainage and Bridges Design. Kensetsu Kaihatsu Consultants Ltd. (KKC) entered

into a contract with EYAT Oilfield Services Co. Ltd. (EYAT) as In-house Consultants for Civil

Engineering Projects in Southern Sudan w.e.f. 1st November, 2008. On the basis of this

therefore, EYAT directed the involvement and services of KKC on the Project for

Rehabilitation for Juba Town Urban Roads – Lot1.The overall objective of the Study is to

undertake a Design Review of Road M (ref. to Figs. 1.1 & 1.2) by carrying out in-situ and

laboratory tests, comprehensively analyze the results and establish an appropriate and

suitable, cost effective and VE based design that can be adopted for the Rehabilitation of Juba

Town Urban Roads Infrastructure in the Southern Sudan. Specifically, the Study was aimed

at: □1Undertaking a comprehensive geotechnical and materials study of the Road M. □2

Comprehensively reviewing the original design in relation to the soils, materials and

geotechnical aspects. □3Determining the ground bearing capacity, strength and deformation

resistance mainly against the prevalent environmental and geological factors. □4Proposing a

cost-effective Value Engineering (VE) based approach that will realize a sound, and durable

pavement structure that requires minimal maintenance within the Design Life.

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Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Review comprehensively, the original design documents.

2. Study the Projects Standard Specifications and any other relevant documents.

3. Undertake comprehensive Site Surveys and Investigations.

4. Analysis and assessment of the test data carried out in Juba.

5. Assessment of the laboratory equipment and capability of the same to carry out material acceptance and pavement control testing.

6. Carry out material investigation, sampling and testing for the 3,090m long Road M alignment.

7. Perform tests on any other suitable material sites for aggregate sources, later to be utilized in the construction of the access road.

8. Carry out geo-material improvement, OPMC stabilization and testing for all problematic and non-compliant materials.

9. Carry out geo-material improvement/replacement testing and analysis for all Problematic materials.

10. Build capacity in terms of training manpower.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of the Engineering Implementation of the Emergency Study on Planning and Support for Basic Physical

and Social Infrastructure in Juba and the surrounding areas in Southern Sudan


Southern Sudan


Pavement and Materials Engineering, Bridge engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Transport Economics, Hydrogeological engineering,

environmental managements.

Project Manager/Highway and Geotechnical Engineer, Bride and Hydraulics Engineer, Pavement and Materials Engineer, Structural Designer


Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS)/ Ministry of Transport and Roads (MOTR)

4

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 23.4 Juba, Sudan Duration of Assignment: 13 months




January 2006 March 2007 0.351 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:


Sub Consultants for the JV of Katahira and Engineers International, Japan Engineering Consultants and Kokusai Kogyo Company Ltd.


Project Manager/Sr. Highway and Geotechnical Engineer : Dr. John N. Mukabi

Sr. Bridge and Hydraulic Engineer : Yasusada Kimura

Sr. Structural Designer : Dr. Anthony Monda Sr. Pavement and Materials Engineer: Ken Wambugu

Narrative Description of Project: The project involved analysis of the present and future conditions and demand in physical and social infrastructure in Juba town and the surrounding areas culminating in a Master Plan from reconstruction/ rehabilitation to development of Juba town and the surrounding areas. Implementation of pilot projects in transport, water supply and community based development sectors were also carried out as an example for the projects. After the Civil War ended, Juba town became the capital of the Southern Sudan, after transfer from Rhumbek in September, 2005. The population of Juba town is estimated at about 250,000 and expected to drastically increase in the future due to accumulation of urban functions as a capital combined with the IDP returnees. Since no investment and/or maintenance of urban infrastructure have been carried out for more than 20 years due to civil wars, most facilities are decrepit and in urgent need for rehabilitation or reconstruction. The general objective of the study is to help build a foundation of the sustainable development of Juba.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Development plan for Juba town with a target year of 2015 2. Rehabilitation/ development programs of basic physical and social infrastructure 3. Implementation of pilot projects, in transport, water supply and community based development sectors. 4. Proposals for Feasibility studies 5. Proposals for Environment and Social Impact Assessment 6. Evaluation of Road Pavement Structures 7. Evaluation of Bridges and Hydraulic Structures

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Engineering Study on the performance of Tensor Geogrids with local soils for Kenya Wildlife Service.


Nairobi National Park


Geotechnical investigation, geosynthesis and geotechnology.

Geotechnical Engineer- Team Leader, Sr. Structural Engineer-Deputy Team Leader,

Project Director Contract / Construction Management


Kenya Wildlife Service / Tensar International, and Geotechnologies, South Africa

3

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 7.2 372 Rivonia Blvd, Rivonia Code 2128 Johannesburg Duration of Assignment: 2.4 months



Approx. Value of Services (in current US$):

16/05/2008 On-going 0.0612 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:



Dr. John Mukabi – Team Leader Dr. Anthony Monda – Deputy Team Leader

Garry Hutt – Design Engineer Chris Jenner – Contract/Construction Management

Narrative Description of Project: The project area is located within the Nairobi National Park, and entailed the upgrading of the access roads to all weather toads which were characterized by failure during the wet season. After initial site investigation/survey and hydrogeological survey by our Research and Technical Team, a Tensar solution incorporating Tensar Geogrid, was determined to be the most cost effective Value Engineering solution.


1. Topographic survey 2. Geotechnical investigation 3. Hydrogeological survey/ study 4. Remedial works design 5. Geocell solution

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Engineering Study on the Soil Interaction and performance of Geogrids with Tanzanian Soils.


Mbeya-Lwanjilo-Makongolosi


Geotechnical engineering and investigation

Geotechnical Engineer- Team Leader Sr. Structural Engineer-Deputy Team Leader

Projects Engineer Deputy Projects Engineer



Tensar International, and Geotechnologies, South Africa 6

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 20.8 372 Rivonia Blvd, Rivonia Code 2128 Johannesburg Duration of Assignment: 5.5 months




03/05/2008 Ongoing 0.219 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:



Dr. John Mukabi – Team Leader Dr. Anthony Monda – Deputy Team Leader Eng. Garry Hutt – Projects Engineer

Eng. Mick Park – Deputy Projects Engineer Michael Duckworth – Project Director Chris Jenner – Contract/Construction Management

Narrative Description of Project: The above study was conducted along the Mbeya-Lwanjilo-Makongolosi road which is being upgraded to Bitumen standards by the Govt. of Tanzania through the Ministry of Works (MoW), and the Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS). The Project road is located in Mbeya region in the South Western Highlands about 750Km from Dar-es-Salaam City in Mbeya Rural and Chunya Districts of Tanzania and covers a distance of 115Km long. The altitude ranges between 1200m to 2450m above sea level. The road transverses the highest point of trunk roads in Tanzania, standing at 2450m above sea level and is 18Km from Mbeya Municipality. The main aim of the Project was to determine the interaction of Tanzanian soils with Geogrids, and if they will be viable.


1. Topographical Survey 2. Geotechnical Investigation 3. Hydrogeological Survey/ Study 4. Remedial Works Design 5. Geocell Solution. 6. Wrap around steep slope solution.

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Engineering Study on the performance of Tensar Geogrids with local soils for Kisumu Airport expansion project.


Kisumu



Geotechnical Engineer- Team Leader Snr. Structural Engineer-Deputy Team Leader




(Kenya Airports Authority)/ Tensar International, and Geotechnologies, South Africa

4

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 12.3 372 Rivonia Blvd, Rivonia Code 2128 Johannesburg Duration of Assignment: 4 months




20/04/2008 Ongoing 0.0984 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:



Dr. John Mukabi – Team Leader Dr. Anthony Monda – Deputy Team Leader Eng. Garry Hutt – Project Engineer

Michael Duckworth – Project Director Chris Jenner – Contract/Construction Management

Narrative Description of Project: The site is located at Kisumu Airport on the shores of Lake Victoria in Western Kenya. Kisumu is located approximately 300Km northwest of Nairobi, on the eastern shore of L. Victoria. The airport is located 5Km to the west of Kisumu town along the Kisumu-Busia road. Currently, the airport handles domestic traffic, mainly through flights by Kenya Airways and East Africa Safaris, which between them operate up to 6 domestic flights per day and serve the western Kenya region, covering Nyanza, Western and Central Rift Valley Provinces. 150,000m2 of Geogrid was needed for the whole Project, which is still ongoing.

Description of Actual Services Provided by Staff: 1. Extension of the runway by approximately 1000m (45,000sqm) and reconstruction of the existing runway (90,000sqm), new

aircraft parking; approximately (40,000sqm). Pavement is both in asphalt concrete (105,00sqm) and Portland cement concrete (70,000sqm).

2. Construction of a new storey building (3,000sqm). The terminal will be equipped with a baggage reclaim belt. Natural ventilation and lighting will be applied to the building.

3. Construction of a new 3,500sqm grade vehicle parking 4. Construction of a new power substation, two guard houses and a toll booth. 5. Installation of air field ground lighting including approach lighting. 6. Construction of drainage works and other associated infrastructures.

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Engineering Study on the performance of Tensar Geogrids with local soils for Mukurweini-Gakonya and Rutune-Mahuani Roads

Project.


Nyeri/ Murang’a Counties, Central Kenya



Geotechnical Engineer- Team Leader Sr. Structural Engineer-Deputy Team Leader




(Ministry of Roads) / Tensar International, and Geotechnologies, South Africa

4

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 12.7 372 Rivonia Blvd, Rivonia Code 2128 Johannesburg Duration of Assignment: 6 months




2nd February, 2008 On-going 0.118 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:



Dr. John Mukabi – Team Leader Dr. Anthony Monda – Deputy Team Leader

George Amoyo – Sr. Hydrogeologist Silvester Kotheki – ICT/Geomatics Specialist

Narrative Description of Project: The Mukurweini-Gakonya road consists of roads D429 and E559 and starts at Mukurweini Market, and ends at Gakonya Junction with Murang’a-Sagana road (C73). This project road transverses in a north easterly direction towards Nyeri town and have a total length of 26Km. Rutune Bridge (Mboiro Bridge) – Mahuani road (E554) transverses in north westerly direction and has a length of 40Km. the total length of the Project Roads is approximately 31Km and located in Murang’a and Nyeri Districts of the Central Province.


1. Topographical and Field Surveys 2. Geotechnical Investigations 3. Hydrogeological Survey/ Study 4. Remedial Works Design 5. Geogrid Solution 6. Environmental Impact Assessment

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Project No. 19 (Form 02) Assignment Name: Country: Southern Sudan

Juba River Port Access Road Detailed Engineering and Construction Supervision Design Project


Juba, Central equatorial State


Geotechnical engineering, bridge construction, materials investigation

Team Leader, Structural Engineer, Project Manager


Urban Tone Corporation 3

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 65.3 Duration of Assignment: 13months




October-2006 September 2007 0.243 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:


Maestro Consultants N/A Name of Senior Staff (Project Director/Coordinator, Team Leader) Involved and Functions Performed:

Team Leader: Dr. John N. Mukabi Structural Engineer: Dr. Anthony Monda Project Manager: Kenneth Wambugu

Narrative Description of Project: The project involved rehabilitation and reconstruction of the existing road that serves the port of Juba. Emergency study on the planning and support for basic physical and social infrastructure in Juba town and the surrounding areas. Subsequently, a comprehensive engineering report on the study, design study and method of construction of the project road was undertaken, resulting in innovative methods of construction by application of value engineering and state of the art standards, fostering engineering and scientific concepts that were tailored and applicable in S. Sudan. The objectives of the study were:

1. To help build a foundation for the sustainable development of Juba town that’s expected to function as the capital of S. Sudan through enhancing the IDP returnees, accommodating capacity of Juba town.

2. To formulate development plan for Juba town with a target of the year 2015, and, 3. To propose urgent rehabilitation/ development programs of the basic physical and social

infrastructure and to implement pilot projects.



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Project No. 20 (Form 02) Assignment Name: Country: Southern Sudan

Geotechnical Engineering, Bridge Construction & Materials Investigation


Juba, Central equatorial State


Geotechnical engineering, bridge construction, materials investigation

Team Leader, Structural Engineer, Project Manager


Urban Tone Corporation 3

Address: No. of Staff-Months: 24.5 Duration of Assignment: 6 months




15-08-2007 20-02-2008 0.36 Million Name of Associated Consultants, if any:


Maestro Consultants N/A Name of Senior Staff (Project Director/Coordinator, Team Leader) Involved and Functions Performed:

Team Leader: Dr. John N. Mukabi Structural Engineer: Dr. Anthony Monda Project Manager: Kenneth Wambugu

Narrative Description of Project: The project involved rehabilitation and reconstruction of the existing road that serves the port of Juba. Emergency study on the planning and support for basic physical and social infrastructure in Juba town and the surrounding areas. Subsequently, a comprehensive engineering report on the study, design study and method of construction of the project road was undertaken, resulting in innovative methods of construction by application of value engineering and state of the art standards, fostering engineering and scientific concepts that were tailored and applicable in S. Sudan. The objectives of the study were:

4. To help build a foundation for the sustainable development of Juba town that’s expected to function as the capital of S. Sudan through enhancing the IDP returnees, accommodating capacity of Juba town.

5. To formulate development plan for Juba town with a target of the year 2015, and, 6. To propose urgent rehabilitation/ development programs of the basic physical and social

infrastructure and to implement pilot projects.



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Chapter 4 Technical Approach and Methodology

4.1 Preamble

The RFP requires that each bidding consultant explains their understanding of the objectives of the assignment, approach to services, methodology for carrying out the activities and obtaining the expected output, and the degree of detail of such output. It further requires the problems being addressed and their importance be distinctly discussed and technical approach to be adopted be explained.

In this chapter, the foregoing requirements of the RFP are introduced and discussed in Section 4.4 in general, while the objectives are analyzed in the subsequent Section 4.2.

On the other hand, the proposed methodologies are presented in Section 4.5 and the correlation and compatibility with the proposed approach, work plan as well as organization and staffing demonstrated therein.

A summary of the RFP requirement for the Technical Approach and Methodology is summarized in the Table below.

Table 4.1 RFP Requirements for Technical Approach and Methodology

RFP Ref.

Breakdown

Particulars Ref. in Technical Proposal

Consultant’s Response/ Remarks

Form T4 ◇1

Understanding of the objectives of the Assignment

1.2 Carried out comprehensive analysis of RFP objectives

Approach to Services Fig.4.1 in Chap 4

Developed Interlinking Matrix

Methodology for carrying out the activities and obtaining the expected output

4.5 ~ 4.6 & Fig.4.10

Methodology systematically based on objectives and correlating Approach, Work-Plan & Organization

Degree of detail of such output 4.6 & Fig.4.1 Detail culminating in output discussed in 4.6 ~ 4.10

Form T4 ◇2

Highlight of the problems being addressed and their importance

Targets highlighted under Section 4.6

Explanation of the Technical Approach adopted to address problems

4.4, 4.6 Provided under Section 4.6 & 1st paragraph of Section 4.4

Explanation of the Methodologies proposed for adoption

4.5 Provided in Section 4.5 & 1st paragraph of Section 4.6

Highlight of the compatibility of the methodologies with the proposed approach

Fig.4.1 Compatibility demonstrated in Fig. 4.1 & Section 4.6 as a whole

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4.2 Study Objectives and Approach

4.2.1 Basic analysis

The objectives of the Study are stipulated under Item 2 of Section 5 of this RFP, which address the Terms of Reference (TOR).

The Study objectives are:-

(i) Development of design procedures, construction specifications and quality control systems for Geosynthetics reinforced embankments and pavements.

(ii) Performance evaluation of RE walls constructed under Nairobi - Thika Project and design of monitoring programmes.

Essentially, according to the Consultant’s interpretation, the RFP requires the design of a research regime that is primarily aimed at developing construction and performance Specifications for Geosynthetics reinforced Geomaterials for road embankments and pavement structures in particular, including design procedures and quality control systems as well as evaluation regimes and procedures for evaluating the performance of existing geo-structures and retaining walls.

From a global perspective the methods of design, construction, quality control systems and performance specifications should ensure that the procedures and techniques are pragmatically applicable and;

1. Cost and time effective predominated with a Value Engineering (VE) component. 2. State of the Art so that they are applicable to inclusion in the Road Design Manual (K) and Standard

Specifications. 3. Are particularly tailored for tropical environmental conditions within the East and Central Africa

Region. 4. Satisfactorily innovative enough to provide a useful basis for developing alternative and more

effective stabilization techniques for Geomaterials, new engineering products, more cost-effective concepts, methods of design and construction techniques which are also environmentally friendly.

5. Provide engineering indicators for quality control, monitoring and evaluation of performance of Geostructures.

4.2.2 Brief background of Necessity of Consultancy Services Comprehensive testing to determine the physical and mechanical index properties of Geogrids such as isotropic stiffness ratio, junction efficiency, radial stiffness (secant modulus), response to various chemicals, temperature effects, torsional rigidity, load transfer capability, and aperture stability modulus have been undertaken. Numerous Case Study Analyses have also been carried out yielding impressive results for a few well manufactured reinforcement Geogrids.

Nevertheless, experimentally based scientific and engineering theories, concepts and principles that delineate the soil particle–Geogrid interaction that would enable the stipulation of a pragmatic Performance Based Specification have yet to be clearly established. As a consequence, it is difficult for the Design Engineer to quantitatively determine the actual contribution and performance of the Geogrid, in terms of initial engineering parameters, within the composite pavement structure. This

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makes it impossible for the Design Engineer, Employer/Client and Contractor to compute the actual cost-savings that can be realized as a result of using Geogrids in comparison to other methods of soil improvement/stabilization. Furthermore, hardly any research has been undertaken to establish the progressive interlock mechanism with the increase in degree of compaction/consolidation in relation to the physical nature and configuration of the Geogrid for various Geomaterials.

4.2.3 Consultant’s Interlinking Matrix of Approach to Services

Figure 4.1 Consultant’s Interlinking Matrix Approach to the Provision of RFP Required Services

TaskApproach

1 2 3 4 5 Reference

1.0

1.1 Client Archives Consultant's Archives Local Archives Regional Archives International Archives RFP/ TOR 3 a) I ~ iv

Garsen ~ Lamu Road

(B8/C112) & Garsen Bridge

Upgrading to dual

carriageway of Thika ~

Makutano Road (A2)

Reconstruction of Eldoret ~

Burnt Forest Road (A104)

Reconstruction of Webuye ~

Malaba Road (A104)

Develop Design Procedures Construction Specifications Quality Control Systems Recommendation on

appropriate Testing

Equipment for Geosynthtic

reinforcement

Develop Design Procedures Construction Specifications Quality Control Systems Further Research &

Recommendations on

Testing Equipment

1.4Masalani Bridge Approaches

500 metres

Likoni ~ Shelly Beach

1 km

Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523)

1 km

Sigalagala ~ Butere Road

(D260)

1km

RFP/TOR 3.1 d)

1.5 Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road

(A104)

5km

Eldoret ~ Webuye Road

(A104)

5km

Webuye ~ Malaba Road

(A104)

5km

RFP/ TOR 3.1 e)


500 metres


1 km


1 km


(D260)

1km

1.7Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road

(A104) - 5km

5km


(A104) - 5km

5km

Webuye~Malaba Road (A104) Sigalagala ~ Butere Road

(D260) - 1km

1km

Inception Report Draft Report Draft Final Report

•Proposed Methodologies

for Study•Detailed Findings Analysis

•Incorporate Comments

from the Engineer

•Detailed Work

Programme for the

Contract

•Results &

Recommendations

All Supporting Material

•4 Copies •4 Copies •4 Copies

2.0

2.1 Client Archives Consultant's Archives Local Archives Regional Archives International Archives RFP/ TOR 3.2 a)

2.2City Arterial Connectors

[Lot1] 3 Structures

Muthaiga Roundabout -

Kenyatta University [Lot 2] :

Two (2) Structures

Kenyatta University - Thika

[Lot 3]: Two (2) StructuresRFP/ TOR 3.2 b)


[Lot1] 3 Structures



Two (2) Structures


[Lot 3]: Two (2) StructuresRFP/ TOR 3.2 c)


[Lot1] 3 Structures



Two (2) Structures


[Lot 3]: Two (2) Structures

RFP/ TOR 3.2 d)

2.5 City Arterial Connectors [Lot1] 3 StructuresMuthaiga Roundabout - Kenyatta University [Lot 2] : Two (2) StructuresKenyatta University - Thika [Lot 3]: Two (2) Structures RFP/ TOR 3.2 e)





from the Engineer

•Detailed Work

Programme for the

Contract

•Results &

Recommendations

All Supporting Material•4 Copies •4 Copies •4 Copies

Submission of Reports for 2.0 TOR 8 and 9 a ~ d /RFP3.1g2.6 Prepare Final Study Report

1.8 TOR 8 and 9 a ~ d /RFP 3.1g

Workshop for

Stakeholders to Discuss

Draft Final Report

Submission of Reports for 1.0 Prepare Final Study Report

Literature review RE Geostructures

Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth (RE) Geo-structures & Retaining Walls along Thika ~ Nairobi Highway (A2)

Studies on Geosynthetically reinforced Materials for road embankments and pavements

RFP/TOR 3.1 c)

RFP/ TOR 3.1 b)

Start

Development of Special Specifications for

Further Trials on Geosynthetically

Reinforced Embankments



Reinforced DBM/AC

Trial 5 :Findings from 1.4

Trial 6 : Findings from 1.5

Consultation with MTRD and Liason with appropriate Stakeholders

RFP /TOR 3.1 f)

Literature review

Findings from 1.1

Condition surveys1.2

1.3

Findings from 1.2

Examination of Construction

Specifications and Records for RE Walls

Development of Procedures for Testing &

Evaluation of Completed Works,

Settlement on Embankment and Stability

Application of procedures in 2.3 to

Evaluate performance of the RE

Geostructures & Retaining Walls in

relation to the Design Assumptions

Design & Monitoring programme to

inform development of Standard

Construction Speifications

⑥

Structural Evaluation on Geosynthetics Trial sections

Literature review and condition surveys

Thika ~ Nairobi Road (A2)

Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments

Rehabilitation

Workshop for Stakeholders to

Discuss Draft Final

Report

Reconstruction

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4.3 Consultant’s familiarization with the Scope of the Study

4.3.1 Literature review

The Consultant already has an existing Library with more than 200 publications that are relevant to the requirement of the Consultancy Services as stated in the RFP.

A list of the relevant international publications is provided as Tool 1 of the Consultants Tool Book in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

4.3.2 Condition Surveys including Structural Evaluation on Geosynthetics Trial Sections

Constructed in Kenya from 1987 to 2011

Trial Sections Using Geogrids: Field Investigation and Observations:

1. Masalani Bridge Approaches:

The Masalani suspension bridge is located on Hola - Masalani Road E873, across the Tana River; 30 km South of Hola Town. The contract was awarded to Associated Construction Co (K) Ltd and supervision was carried out by the Chief Engineer (Roads) for the Ministry of Roads and Public Works.

Photo 1a: Masalani Suspension Bridge

The bridge spans 134m with outer spans of 17m and 25m and a central span of 92m. The carriage way width is 3.7m. The substructure comprises two abutments and two piers in reinforced concrete construction, founded on 600mm diameter concrete bored piles averaging 14m below the pile cap.

The Bridge is approximately 6 Kms from the Hola – Garsen Road [B8]. The bridge is a key link between the Tana River and Ijara Counties. The approach road to the bridge from Hola is an earth road while the approach on the Ijara side is a gravel road. The section from Hola is has a subgrade with predominantly expansive soils and is impassible during the rainy season. The embankments making the approaches are about 4m high in average from either side. The embankments and the foundation of the bridge are protected with gabions.

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Photo 1b: Approach roads to the Masalani Bridge from Hola and the side sections on the embankment:

Photo 1c: Approach road from the Masalani Bridge towards Ijara County, Masalani Town.

Photo 1d: Eroded sections on the Ijara side and the respective gabion protection works.

2. Likoni – Shelly Beach:

The road is located in the Likoni area in Mombasa. It starts at Likoni and runs almost parallel with the sea shore past Kwetu Beach resorts. 1.5 Kms of the road is to bitumen standards while the remaining section is to gravel standards. The area has plenty of coral gravel.

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Photo 2a: Asphalt paved section [Km 0+000 to Km 1+500]; Gravel section & the Coral stones along the road respectively

3. Kiserian – Isinya Road [D523]

This road traverses through Kajiado County commences at Kiserian along the Nairobi – Magadi road [C58] and ends at Isinya along the Namanga – Malaba Road [A104]. The road is 38 Kms and is to bitumen standards and traverses through a rolling and plateau terrain.

Several road defects among them cracking, potholes, edge failure and rutting on the pavement and silting and blockage of the drainage by debris are evident. The alignment soil is predominantly black cotton.

Photo 3a: Section between Km 0+500 showing the black cotton soil and different pavement defects respectively;

4. Sigalagala – Butere Road [D260]

The Sigalagala – Butere Road is part of the Sigagala-Butere-Sidindi Road and is 53km in total. Sigalagala – Butere is 31Km long while Butere – Sidindi is 21Kms. The road is in Kakamega County. It starts at Sigalagala along the Isebania – Nadapal Road [A1] through Musoli, Bukura and ends at Butere along the Ebuyangu – Ekero Road [C31]. The second section starts at Butere and ends at Sidindi.

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Photo 4a: The road at Sigalagala:

5. Timboroa – Eldoret Road (A104)

Timboroa-Eldoret road (A104) is approximately 65.8 Kilometres long. It starts from Timboroa shopping centre at the end of the newly constructed Njoro Turn Off – Timboroa Road and ends at Eldoret town (junction of the road with Eldoret-Iten-Kabarnet road (C51)

The road is characterized with substantial pavement defects with the most prevalent being rutting and potholes.

Photo 5a: KM12+500-KM14+500 section showing rutting defects:

6. Eldoret - Webuye – Malaba Road (A104)

The road is approximately 80Kms and starts from Eldoret town (junction of the road with Eldoret-Iten-Kabarnet road (C51)) and ends at Webuye township. It traverses the Uasin Gishu, Lungari Kakamega and Bungoma Counties.

The section is currently under rehabilitation which is undertaken by Maltauro Construction Co. Ltd. The defects are rutting, potholes, cracking among others: the most affected area is the climbing lane at KM60+000 near Chimoi Market.

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Photo 6a: Part of the pavement sections at KM 60+000 showing rutting defects.

7. Webuye – Malaba Road [A104]:

The section is about 50Kms in length and runs from Webuye town through Kanduyi in Bungoma and ends in Malaba town which borders Uganda. It is currently under rehabilitation undertaken by H. Young & Co Ltd.

The road was constructed between 1990 and 1993 and since then only minor and routine maintenance has been carried out. The most prevalent pavement defects are rutting, potholes and cracking.

During the initial construction in the early ‘90’s, Geogrids were used on trial basis at KM 24+000. The performance of that section in comparison to the rest can be technically stated as superior since there are relatively no signs of defects at that stretch.

At the border, there is lack of parking bays for the transit lorries that ferry goods to Uganda the rest of East and Central African countries like Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, DRC Congo. This has resulted in distinct road defects.

Photo 7a: Part of the road section and the Geogrid Trial sections constructed in early ‘90s

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8. Thika Highway [A2]:

The Consultant conducted a Site Visit of the Thika Highway on Wednesday, November 30, 2011 in order to

familiarize with the general site conditions and the Geostructures that are identified under item 3.2 (d) of

the TOR in the Tender Notice No. 1.

Some of the representative typical visuals taken during the site visit are presented in the photos below for

each of the three lots stipulated in the TOR.

Photo 8a: Some Perspectives of the Geostructures and Other Details within the City Arterial Connectors

Photo 8b: Some Perspectives of the Geostructures and Other Details Along the Muthaiga Roundabout –

Kenyatta University

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4.3.3 Development of Design Procedures, Preliminary Construction Specifications and Quality

Control Systems and Recommendation of Appropriate Testing Equipment

This topic is discussed under Section 4.6 of this Technical Proposal. Also refer to Tool 3 to Tool 10 included in Volume III (Consultants Tool Book).

4.3.4 Performance Evaluation of RE Retaining Walls along Nairobi ~ Thika Road (A2) and Design

of Monitoring Programmes

This topic is discussed under Section 4.7 of this Technical Proposal. Also refer to Tool 14 to Tool 17 in Volume III.

4.3.5 Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced

Embankments on selected roads in Kenya countrywide

This topic is discussed under Section 4.6 in general and an example is presented under Sub-section 4.6.9 of this Technical Proposal. Also refer to Tool 7 in Volume III.

4.3.6 Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced

DBM/AC on selected roads in Kenya countrywide

The topic is discussed in general under Section 4.6. Particular reference can be made Tool 6 to 11 provided in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

4.3.7 Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes

This topic is discussed under Section 4.7 of this Technical Proposal. Reference can also be made to Tool 14 through 18 in Volume III.

4.3.8 Submission of Reports

This topic is discussed under Section 5.7 of Chapter 5 of this Technical Proposal.

4.3.9 Organization of Stakeholders Workshops

The topic is presented under Sections 5.2 ~ 5.6 in Chapter 5 of this Technical Proposal.

4.3.10 Preparation of Final Reports

This topic is presented under Section 5.7 and referenced in Section 5.2 to 5.6 of this Technical Proposal.

4.4 Overall Technical Approach The overriding principle of the overall technical approach is to initially establish the appropriate, most effective and optimum methodology to achieve the objectives of the Study based on research oriented scientific and engineering perspectives. Subsequently, the established methodologies are to be managed and administered in a cost-time effective manner. The individual tasks that would provide solutions to the problems associated with the assignment are to be comprehensively analyzed within the framework of the scope of the Study stipulated in the TOR and the critical tasks distinctly identified as demonstrated in Section 5.3 of Chapter 5 of this Technical Proposal. Once the critical tasks are analyzed, effective measures of implementation are presented within the Work Plan.

Consistent and comprehensive monitoring, evaluation, assessment and auditing of the progress, technical, administrative and logistical problems, and bottlenecks that affect efficient and cost-effective delivery of

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the assignment is to be undertaken. The methodologies and work plan take into account the organization structure, proposed staff and their capacity to expedite the assignment as shown in Chapter 6 of this Technical Proposal. The approach and methodology to achieve efficient delivery of services required is discussed extensively under Section 4.6.

4.5 Overall Methodology Any engineering exercise involving the development of approximately applicable specifications requires that comprehensive research and testing be undertaken. In this case, the RFP is for Consultancy Services for:

1. Studies on Geosynthetically Reinforced materials for Road Embankments and Pavements; and, 2. Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth [Geo-structures and Retaining] Walls (REG-RWs)

along Thika Road (A2).

The Consultant’s derivations based on the analysis of the services required as stipulated above indicate that the objectives of the assignment can only be achieved through innovatively designed research and testing regimes. Consequently, identifying the crucial tasks for this assignment based on the Scope of the Study within the TOR, the Consultant concentrated on deriving the aspects that require innovation and retrospectively developed the methodology and work plan on this basis.

The proposed methodology takes into account the specialized nature of the assignment in compliance with the TOR of the RFP.

The major tasks identified and their reciprocal individual analyses are presented in the subsequent Section 4.6. The tasks analysis is carried out in strict consideration and compliance of the RFP requirement, in general and the TOR stipulations, in particular.

In undertaking the tasks analysis, the Consultant has;

1. Definitively clarified the general and particular considerations in the RFP and TOR respectively. 2. Derived a breakdown of the Scope of Study into specific tasks and subtasks which are given in detail

in Section 5.2 and 5.3 of the Work Plan presented in Chapter 5 of this Technical Proposal (refer to Tables 5.1 and 5.2).

3. Weighted each task accordingly 4. Proposed a Task Management System presented in Sub-section 5.3.2 and schematically depicted in

Figure 5.1

As an integral part of the methodology to achieve the objectives of the Study, a Consultant’s Toolbook is proposed and adopted. A summary of this Toolbook is presented in Table 5.4 under Section 5.8 of this Technical Proposal whereas the Tools are included the Appendices contained in Volume II of the Technical Proposal.

The Consultant adopts these tools and his experience, which he developed through long-term Research and Development (R&D) activities within the East and Central Africa Region, to undertake the following.

1. Generate the relevant and appropriate technical approach and methodology for achieving the requirements of the Consultancy Services.

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2. Establish the integral basis of the Study. 3. Propose the example of vital parameters that are paramount for the development of Performance-

based Specifications for Geosynthetics reinforced Geostructures presented in Sub-section 4.6.9. 4. Design the suitable research and testing regimes for the Study (Assignment).

In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology that is proposed in this Chapter, the Consultant has given an example of their experience in research, study, design and construction aspects of Geosynthetics reinforced geo-structures through two projects that were undertaken in Southern Sudan and Kenya. This is presented in Section 4.11.

On the other hand, the Consultant demonstrates their experience that is relevant to the development of effective performance monitoring and evaluation systems and programmes that can be adopted as a primary basis for the second topic of the RFP.

Based on the foregoing and as presented in Sub-section 4.6.3, the Consultant’s methodology largely concentrates on methods of testing and research approach that can satisfactorily realize the objectives of the Study accordingly.

4.6 Approach and Methodology to delivery of the Services required The overall approach and methodology for achieving the objectives stipulated in the TOR of the RFP is shown in flowchart format in Figure 4.2.

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Figure 4.2 Overall Approach and Methodology for Achieving Objectives

4.6.1 Condition survey and Scoping Inventory

Item 3.1 b) of the Scope of the Study on page 41 of the RFP stipulates that condition surveys including structural evaluation on Geosynthetics stabilized trial sections constructed in Kenya between 1987 and 2011 be undertaken for the following roads.

i. Garsen ~ Lamu Road (B8/C112) & Garsen Bridge ii. Upgrading to dual carriageway of Thika ~ Makutano Road (A2)

iii. Reconstruction of Eldoret ~ Burnt Forest Road (A104) iv. Reconstruction of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)

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Having conducted various condition surveys and structural evaluation of pavement structures in East and Central Africa, the Consultant will apply his experience and refer to the approach he developed in designing the appropriate survey and evaluation procedures required for the above roads. The detailed tasks involved for this procedure are presented in Tables 5.1 and 5.2 of Sections 5.2 and 5.3 of Chapter 5 respectively. Refer to Tool 2 included in Appendix V-II.1 of Volume II of this Technical Proposal entitled as follows:

The methodology to be adopted is briefly illustrated in the preceding Figure 4.2, whilst the proposed field and laboratory methods of testing are discussed under Sub-section 4.6.3. This exercise is of extreme importance since it will provide an insight in to the full-scale structural performance of Geosynthetically reinforced pavements.

4.6.2 Development of overall Research Philosophy and Regime

Due to the fact that the Consultancy Services required for this assignment are research oriented, the Consultant considers it a matter of extreme importance that a proper, relevant and appropriate research philosophy and regime be establish and designed respectively.

The Consultant will rely on their vast experience in Research and Innovation for Sustainable Development (RISD), in undertaking this exercise.

In particular, the following Tools, incorporated in this Technical Proposal under Appendix V-III.3 with the following titles:

4.6.3 Proposed field and laboratory Testing Regime

4.6.3.1 Overall Objective of Testing Regime

The testing regime designed as the initial phase of the intended elaborate and comprehensive Research Programme is primarily aimed at achieving results that are effectively applicable to detailed analysis that can provide a formidable basis of determining engineering parameters which would satisfactorily delineate Performance Based Specifications for Geosynthetically reinforced materials for road embankments and pavements.

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4.6.3.2 Schedule of Tests and Reciprocal Basis

The schedule of standard tests for determining the basic physical and mechanical parameters is tabulated in Table 4.2, while Table 4.3 presents static and dynamic loading tests to be undertaken in both the laboratory and field for purposes of determining geotechnical engineering parameters that can facilitate sophisticated analysis through the application of powerful analytical tools.

Table 4.2 Schedule of Standard Tests determining basic Physical & Mechanical Properties for Soils and

Gravels

Physical/ Mechanical Property

Description of Test Equivalent Standard/ Specification

JIS

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Sta

nd

ard

/

Sp

eci

fica

tio

n

No

. of

Te

sts

Re

com

me

nd

ed

Remarks

Degree of Moisture-Suction Variation

Moisture Content By oven or microwave drying

method A1203 522

One test per specimen tested of all in both lab and field tests

Plasticity Index Atterberg limits

AASHTO T-89/T-90

A1205/6 37 One test per ten specimens tested using gravels

Plasticity Index Determination of linear shrinkage AASHTO T-91 A1209 37

One test per ten specimens tested using gravels

Density of Particles

Determination of specific gravity of particles AASHTO T-100 A1202 52

One test per ten specimens tested of all in both lab and field tests

Mechanical Stability

Particle size distribution to 0.075mm (dry sieving) AASHTO T-27 A1102 53

One test per ten specimens tested of all in both lab and field tests


Determination of particle size distribution to 0.075mm (wet sieving)

AASHTO T-28 A1103 -


Hydrometer analysis for fine-grained soils

AASHTO T-84 A1202 -

Contamination Organic matter content ASTM-1411 - Contamination Total sulphate content ASTM-C289 - Contamination pH value - Compaction Characteristics

Density-moisture relationship (2.5kg rammer – AASHTO T99)

AASHTO T-99 A1210 -

Compaction Characteristics

Density-moisture relationship (4.5kg rammer – AASHTO T180)

AASHTO T-180 A1211 462 Measured during moulding of all specimens tested in the lab

Bearing Capacity

CBR of specimen statically compacted to 100% MDD & OMC at 4 days soak

AASHTO T-193 A1121 36

One test per ten UCS tests taking various testing conditions into consideration

Bearing Capacity

CBR at 95% MDD (MOD. AASHTO) of specimens dynamically compacted at 3 levels of compaction & OMC at 4 days soak

AASHTO T-194 A1122 -

Density Sand equivalent AASHTO T-176

Density Field density (sand replacement method)

AASHTO T-191 A1214 60

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Table 4.3: Standard Tests for Determining Basic Physical and Mechanical Properties for Aggregate for

OBRM/OPMC Stabilized Geomaterials

Physical/ Mechanical Property

Description of Test

Equivalent Standard/ Specification

JIS

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Sta

nd

ard

/

Sp

eci

fica

tio

n

No

. of

Te

sts

Re

com

me

nd

ed

Remarks


Determination of particle size distribution to 0.075mm (ISO sieves)

AASHTO T-27 A5001 15 One in every ten tests

Cleanliness Clay, silt and dust in fine or coarse aggregate AASHTO T-112 A1126

15 One in every ten tests

Particle Shape for M.S.

Flakiness index BS812 Part 105 (1989)

A1123 15

One in every ten tests

Degree of Solution Affinity

Relative density and water absorption ASTM D-2049 A1109


Strength Aggregate crushing value (ACV) BS812 : Part 110 1990

10

One in every fifteen tests

Chemical Characteristics

Soluble chloride content BS812 Part 117 (1988)

10

One in every fifteen tests

Strength Los Angeles Abrasion Value (LAA) AASHTO T-96 A1121

10 One in every fifteen tests

Durability Sodium or magnesium sulphate soundness AASHTO T-104 A122

10

Particle Relative Size for M.S

Average least dimension (ALD) of aggregate

BS812 Part 1 (1975)

15

One in every ten tests

Strength Crushing ratio (CR of aggregate) BS812 Part 110

10 One in every fifteen tests

Particle Density Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

AASHTO T-85 A1110


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Table 4.4 Quantitative Schedule of Tests for Static and Dynamic Laboratory and Field Tests for Sophisticated Analysis for Phase 1

4.6.3.3 Basis and Considerations of tests

I. Basic definition of Performance Based Design

Performance Based Design (PBD) fundamentally entails that, deformation in ground and foundation soils along with reciprocal structural deformation and stress states be comprehensively analyzed by adopting sophisticated methods, particularly for structures with high exposure to seismic activity. In this regard therefore, it is of extreme importance to evaluate the pavement as a composite structure.

Consequently, the testing regime is designed such that the role and degree of contribution by the Geosynthetic in enhancing the mechanical stability, strength, bearing capacity, deformation resistance, structural capacity, durability, stress distribution, stress intensity and secondary consolidation properties of the composite structure, can be measured quantitatively in order to clearly define the qualitative properties. Comprehensive analysis of such data would then enable the pragmatic proposal of Performance Based Specification for Geosynthetics in terms of the minimum qualitative properties required as their contribution in enhancing the geotechnical engineering properties of the composite structure.

3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 3.4.10

Geomaterial

Type

Soaking

Conditions

Mode &

Location of

Imbediment

Cross-section

Variation

Critical State

(Deformed

Geogrids)

Modes of

Loading

Creep

Measurement

No. of

TestsRemarks

Item

No.A 2[①&③] 3[①,②&③] 5[①~⑤] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 0 90

B 2[①&③] 3[①] 1[②] 3[①~③] 5[①~⑤] 1[①] 0 30

C 1[①] 1[①] 5[①~⑤] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 0 15

D 1[④] 3[①~③] 5[①~⑤] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 0 45

E 1[④] 1[①] 1[②] 1[①] 3[①,③&⑤] 1[①] 0 3

183 SubTotal

A 2[①&③] 2[①&③] 3[①~③] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 0 36

B 2[①&③] 1[①] 1[②] 1[①] 5[①~⑤] 1[①] 0 10

C 1[④] 1[①] 3[①~③] 1[①] 3[①,④&⑤] 1[①] 0 9

D

E

55

A 2[①&③] 1[①] 2[①&②] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 3[①~③] 36

B 1[②] 1[①] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[①] 3[①~③] 6

C 1[④] 1[①] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[①] 3[①~③] 6

D

E

48

A 2[①&③] 3[①~③] 5[①~⑤] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 30

B 1[②] 2[①&②] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 4

C 1[④] 3[①~③] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 6

D

E

40

A PV Type 1 15

B PV Type 2 10

C PV Type 3 10

D PV Type 4 10

E

45

A 2[①&③] 3[①~③] 5[①~⑤] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 30

B 1[②] 3[①~③] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 6

C 2[①&③] 1[①] 1[②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 6

D 1[④] 3[①~③] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 6

E 2[①&③] 1[①] 2[①&②] 3[①~③] 0 2[③&④] 0 12

60 Subtotal

431 TOTAL

6 Dynamic Loading

Deflection Testing5

4Dynamic Cone

Penetration (DCP)

Reference Subsection

Conditions of Testing→

1

Unconfined

Compression Strength

(UCS)

Consolidated

Undrained Triaxial

Compression (CUTC)

3

2 Direct Shear

Test Description

N/A

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II. Particular Considerations in Relation to Soil-Geogrid Interaction

In particular, the following fundamental considerations were made in order to determine the scientific and engineering basis for the soil-Geosynthetic interaction in relation to the role and degree of contribution of the Geosynthetic within the pavement structure; which would, as a result, define its qualitative properties and vital physical and mechanical features.

1. Mechanical function of the grid structure characterized by the strength of the junctions and stiffness of the ribs as essential features in the interlock mechanism.

2. Correlation between effective mechanical interlock and; a. strength and rigidity of junctions b. efficiency of junctions c. thickness of ribs d. geometry of aperture

3. Correlation between degree of interlock and magnitude of lateral movement, constraining stress, and dilation of aggregate particles.

4. Effect of strength and rigidity of junctions, thickness of ribs and geometry of Geosynthetic in the mobilization of the effective angle of shearing resistance and confining stress.

5. Degree of contribution of the combined Geosynthetic features in Geosynthetic reinforced layers in relation to, a) tensile load magnitude b) magnitude of impacted deflections c) magnitude of strain under working load d) extent of reinforcement benefit e) eccentricity of loaded area and load concentration in relation to point of loading f) degree and rate of bonding between Geogrid and Geomaterial g) rate and degree of tensioning under loading as a function of deformation resistance h) rate and degree of rutting under loading as a function of deformation resistance i) stress distribution j) stress intensity k) direction of lateral stress concentration l) degree of enhanced performance of composite pavement structure m) magnitude and effects of pre-straining/pre-stressing n) effective structural thickness of the composite pavement structure o) vibrational mode and intensity p) axis of vibration in a 3D plane

6. Strength and Deformation characteristics under Critical State conditions will be studied in reference to: a) Exposure in extremely harsh conditions with drastic temperature variations –

heating/freezing. b) Direct loading by construction equipment during pavement structural rehabilitation

causing some damage to the Geosynthetic i.e. deformed ribs, punched nodes and twisted Geosynthetic geometry (torsional).

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c) Exposure to chemically aggressive environments d) Direct vibrational dynamic loading e) Use of recycled Geosynthetics

4.6.3.4 Summary of Conditions of Testing

I. Geomaterials to be adopted

The Geomaterials to be adopted for this testing regime shall be MS standardized applying the OBRM in order to ensure uniformity, homogeneity, consistency and exhibition of fairly similar intrinsic physical and mechanical characteristics in order to contain the error factor within reasonable and acceptable tolerances. The tolerances shall be within the following Boundary Limits (BL).

1. Physical Parameters – ±5% 2. Chemical Parameters – ±3% 3. Bearing Capacity Parameters – ±7% 4. Compressive Strength Parameters – ±7% 5. Shear Strength Parameters – ±7% 6. Deformation Resistance Parameters – ±10% 7. Modulus of deformation Parameters – ±10%

The grading characteristics determined from sieve analysis and evaluated adopting the OPMC Model shall have an Upper Boundary Limit (UBL) of +10% and a Lower Boundary Limit (LBL) of -10% as shown in Fig. 3.1.

Fig. 4.3 Upper and Lower Boundary Limits for Acceptable Tolerances of Sieve Analysis

The materials to be adopted shall be as follows:

① OBRM Gravel ② OBRM Sandy Gravel ③ OBRM Level 10 GCS ④ OPMC Level 10 GCS

Part

icle

Siz

e D

istr

ibut

ion

Cummulative % Passing Sieve

Maximum UBL CurveMinimum LBL CurveIdeal Curve

Zone of Acceptable Tolerances

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The batching ratios shall be determined in accordance with geo-particle qualities and Geomaterial characteristics adopting the OPMC Model.

OBRM Level 10 GCS - Mode of Optimum Batching of Geomaterials

I. Optimum particle size ratios for Nominal Maximum Particle Size BS Sieve (mm)

50 37.5 20 10 5 2.36 0.425 0.075

% Passing (Opt)

100 90 70 55 40 30 18 10

Sequential No.

⓪ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦

II. Mode of Optimum Batching – Six Stage Batching

III. Sieve Sieving and Batching by Pulverization

IV. Outline of Procedure

37.5mm Sieve

20mm Sieve

0.075mm Sieve

⓪

①

⑦

②

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II. Soaking Conditions for OBRM Specimens

Basically two conditions of soaking shall be adopted namely; Soaked and Unsoaked. However, in order to simulate characteristics of partially saturated pavement structures, which would be the case in most areas, some partially soaked specimens will be tested as well.

① Soaked specimen : Tested after 4 days soak whereby the specimen shall be fully immersed in temperature controlled water at 20~25°C

② Unsoaked specimen : Tested within 10 minutes of molding.

③ Partially-soaked specimen

: In this case various specimens shall be soaked until they attain 25%, 50%, or 75% Degree of Saturation. In order to determine the Degree of Saturation as accurately as possible, trials will be made to determine the appropriate soaking period for each saturation level and varying material as schematically depicted in Figure 4.4. The weight of each representative specimen for every varying material shall be measured at designated time intervals and the degree of saturation computed there from in percentage.

Figure 4.4 Schematic representation of Degree of Saturation vs. Soaking Period

Degr

ee of

Satu

ratio

n, Sr

(%)

Soaking Period (minutes)

Triaxial Characteristic Curve

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III. Curing and Soaking Conditions for OPMC Specimens

For OPMC specimens, the curing and soaking, which shall be performed under quasi-constant temperatures of 20~25°C, shall be conducted as follows.

① Soaked specimen : The specimen shall be tested after:- 1 day cure + 1 day soak 3 days cure + 3 days soak 7 days cure + 7 days soak 14 days cure + 14 days soak 28 days cure + 28 days soak

② Unsoaked specimen : The specimen shall be tested after 60 minutes of molding without curing or soaking

③ Partially-soaked specimen

: The method stipulated in 4.6.3.4 I and II shall be applied prior to testing after the respective curing periods.

IV. Mode and Location of Embedment of Geosynthetic

The process and location of imbedding the Geosynthetics is schematically depicted in Figure 4.5.

Figure 4.5 Schematic depiction of Geosynthetic Imbedding process and locations.

V. Geogrid Cross-section Variations

Three different Geogrid cross-sections will be adopted in this study. The schematic cross-sections are represented in Figure 4.6.

Figure 4.6 Geogrid cross-section variations

① Full Area Cross-section ② Circumferential Cross-section ③ Centroid Cross-section

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VI. Simulation of Critical State of Geogrids

Simulation of the performance of Geogrids when subjected to critical state conditions such as damage caused by harsh climatic and environmental conditions, subsurface chemicals, construction traffic, deformed ribs, punched nodes and twisted geometry will also be performed on a number of specimens from various tests. Examples of the schematics of the deformed Geogrids are shown in Figure 4.7.

Figure 4.7 Example of Schematic Representation of deformed Geogrids

VII. Modes of Loading

Two main modes of loading will be applied; static and dynamic. The static loading will predominantly be monotonic for both the UCS and CUTC tests whilst the dynamic loading will be vibrational in the laboratory applying a 750w loading rate and 66N vibrating hammer weight that provides 2800 impacts per minute and satisfies BS1377 and BS1924 Standards. For in-situ testing, the TRL Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) and the Benkelman Beam Deflection Testing shall be adopted.

For both modes of loading (static and dynamic), continuous single loading and multiple stage loading shall be employed. Multiple loading stages shall be employed in synchronization with the number of Geogrid embedment depicted in subsection 4.6.3.4 IV and as depicted in Figure 4.8.

Figure 4.8 Mode of Multi-Stage Loading

0GG

1GG

2GG

3GG

4GG

Mo

de

of G

eo

grid

(GG

) Im

be

dim

en

t (N

o.)

No. of Loading Cycles (Vibrations)

Loading Time, t (minutes)0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 1 10 100 1000 10,000

2,800 28,000 280,000 2,800,000 28,000,000 2,800,000 28,000,000280,00028,000

Loading

Reloading

Unloading12hrs

t

αtf:Stages of Rebound Measurement

Mu

lti-

Stag

e Lo

adin

g

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① Static Continuous : Adopted for UCS monotonic loading whereby the specimen is compressed continuously to failure.

② Static Multi-Stage : Adopted for UCS monotonic loading whereby the specimen is loaded and then unloaded for 12hrs (720 minutes) at each

stage; 0

ft , 1

ft , 2

ft , 3

ft and 4

ft indicated in Figure 4.8

and then reloaded to the subsequent stage to failure ③ Dynamic Continuous : Adopted for vibrational dynamic loading whereby the

specimen is dynamically loaded continuously to failure. ④ Dynamic Multi-Stage : Adopted for vibrational dynamic loading whereby the

specimen is dynamically loaded and then unloaded for 12hrs

(720mins) at each stage; 0

ft , 1

ft , 2

ft , 3

ft and 4

ft

indicated in Fig. 3.12 and then reloaded to the subsequent stage to failure

⑤ Static/Dynamic Continuous

: Adopted for UCS monotonic loading whereby the specimen is compressed statically, allowed to rebound for 12hrs (720mins) and then reloaded under vibrational dynamic loading whereby the specimen is dynamically loaded continuously to failure.

⑥ Static/Dynamic Multi-Stage

: Adopted for UCS monotonic loading whereby the specimen is loaded and then unloaded for 12hrs (720 minutes) at each

stage; 0

ft , 1

ft , 2

ft , 3

ft and 4

ft indicated in Figure 4.8

and then reloaded to the subsequent statically and a similar procedure is replicated at each stage under vibrational dynamic loading whereby the specimen is dynamically loaded and then unloaded for 12hrs (720mins) at each stage;

0

ft , 1

ft , 2

ft , 3

ft and 4

ft indicated in Figure 4.8 and

then reloaded to the subsequent interchanging stages to failure.

VIII. Axial and Lateral Deformation Measurement

For all the statically and dynamically loaded specimens, the strain measurements will be performed in three-dimension (3D) in X, Y and Z directions as depicted in Figure 4.9 Trials shall be undertaken to determine the appropriate mode and level of strain measurement.

Figure 4.9 Mode of measuring Axial and Lateral strains

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① Strain measurement during Continuous Static loading

Table 4.5 Strain measurement during Continuous Static loading Loading Steps 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Axial Strain (mm)

0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.1 0.15 0.2 - - - - - - - Failure

Lateral Strain (mm)

X - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Z - - - - - - - - - - - - -

: Measure lateral strain prior to loading and at Failure

② Strain measurement during Multi-stage Static loading

Table 4.6 Strain measurement during Multi-stage Static loading 0

c - 1

c - 2

c - 3

c - 4

c

Loading Steps Loading Unloading Loading Unloading Loading Unloading Loading Unloading Loading

10 X 21 XX

(12hrs) 32 XX

43 XX

(12hrs) 54 XX 65 XX

(12hrs) 76 XX

87 XX

(12hrs) 98 XX

Axial Strain (mm) 10 a 21

aa 32

aa 43

aa 54

aa 65

aa 76

aa 87

aa 98

aa

Lateral Strain (mm)

X 10 rx 21

rxrx

32

rxrx

43

rxrx

54

rxrx 65

rxrx

76

rxrx

87

rxrx

98

rxrx

Z 10 rz

21

rzrz

32

rzrz

43

rzrz

54

rzrz 65

rzrz

76

rzrz

87

rzrz

98

rzrz

③ Strain measurement during Continuous Dynamic loading

Table 4.7 Strain measurement during Continuous Dynamic loading

Loading Period (mins)

1 5 15 30 60 120 180 240 300 360 540 1080

Measure @ every 12hr interval up to failure

No. of Vibrations (in ,000s)

2.8 14 42 84 168 336 504 672 840 1,008 1,512 3,024 5,040 to Failure

Axial Strain (mm)

10

aa 51

aa 155

aa 30

a 60

a 120

a 180

a 240

a 300

a 360

a 540

a 1080

a

Lateral Strain (mm)

X - - - - - - - - - - -

Z - - - - - - - - - - -

: Measure lateral strains prior to loading and at Failure

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④ Strain measurement during Multi-stage Static loading

Table 4.8 Strain measurement during Multi-stage Dynamic loading 0

c - 1

c - 2

c - 3

c - 4

c

Loading Steps Loading Unloading Loading Unloading Loading Unloading Loading Unloading Loading

10 X 21 XX

(12hrs) 32 XX

43 XX

(12hrs) 54 XX 65 XX

(12hrs) 76 XX

87 XX

(12hrs) 98 XX

Loading period (mins) 00 ft

0

ft →

12hrs

0

ft +

12hrs→1

ft

1

ft →

12hrs

1

ft +

12hrs→2

ft

2

ft →

12hrs

2

ft +

12hrs→3

ft

3

ft →

12hrs

3

ft +

12hrs→4

ft

No. of Vibrations 00 c 0

10

cc

0

21

cc 0 32

cc

0

43

cc

Axial Strain (mm) 10 a 21

aa 32

aa 43

aa 54

aa 65

aa 76

aa 87

aa 98

aa

Lateral Strain (mm)

X 10 rx 21

rxrx

32

rxrx

43

rxrx

54

rxrx 65

rxrx

76

rxrx

87

rxrx

98

rxrx

Z 10 rz

21

rzrz

32

rzrz

43

rzrz

54

rzrz 65

rzrz

76

rzrz

87

rzrz

98

rzrz

⑤ Strain measurement during combined Static and Dynamic continuous loading

Table 4.9 will be determined after observing the characteristics of specimen strains measurement in accordance with Tables 4.5 and 4.7.

⑥ Strain measurement during combined static and dynamic Multi-stage loading

Table 4.10 will be determined after observing the response of specimen strains measured in accordance with Tables 4.6 and 4.8.

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Table 4.9 Summary of conditions of testing for Full Phase comprehensive testing

Table 4.10 Quantitative Schedule of Tests for Static and Dynamic Laboratory & Field Tests for Sophisticated Analysis for

Phase 1

OPMCS ① ② ③ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① ② ③ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥

① ② ③ ④① ② ③

Item

No. Gravel

Sandy

Gravel GCS GCS 24 h

ours

72 h

ours

168

hour

s

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

A PV Type 1

B PV Type 2

C PV Type 3 N/A

D PV Type 4

E

A

B

C

D

ENotes:

: To be perfomed; : NOT to be performed; OBRM: Optimum Batching Ratio Method; OPMC: Optimum Mechanical & Chemical Stabilization; GCS: Graded Crushed Stone;

GG: Geogrid; LTC: Long Term Consolidation; PV: Pavement

Rem

arks

3.4.10

Refrence Subsection within Section 3.4 of the Proposal

Stat

ic C

ontin

ous

Stat

ic M

ulti-

stag

eDy

nam

ic

Cont

inou

sDy

nam

ic M

ulti-

stag

eSt

atic

/Dyn

amic

Cont

inou

sSt

atic

/Dyn

amic

Mul

ti-st

age

Heat

ing/

Fre

ezin

g

Cycl

esCh

emic

al

Envi

ronm

ent

3.4.7

Modes of Loading

LTC Period

Creep

Measurement

Full

Area

Circ

umfe

rent

ial

Cent

roid

Defo

rmed

Rib

s

Cross-section

Variation

3.4.5

Critical State (Deformed

Geogrids)

3.4.6

Punc

hed

Node

s

Twist

ed

Geom

etry

Test Description 2GG 3GG 4GG

3.4.2 3.4.4

Mode & Location of

Imbediment

Soak

ed

Uns

oake

d

Soaking Conditions

Part

ially

soak

ed

0GG 1GG

3.4.1Reference Subsection

OBRM

Direct Shear2

1

Lab

Deflection Testing

Geomaterial Type

Conditions→

Lab

Consolidated

Undrained Triaxial

Compression (CUTC)

3

4

5

6

Dynamic Cone

Penetration (DCP)

Dynamic Loading

Lab

Fiel

dFi

eld

Unconfined

Compression

Strength (UCS)

Loca

tion

of T

est

Lab

3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 3.4.10

Geomaterial

Type

Soaking

Conditions

Mode &

Location of

Imbediment

Cross-section

Variation

Critical State

(Deformed

Geogrids)

Modes of

Loading

Creep

Measurement

No. of

TestsRemarks

Item

No.A 2[①&③] 3[①,②&③] 5[①~⑤] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 0 90

B 2[①&③] 3[①] 1[②] 3[①~③] 5[①~⑤] 1[①] 0 30

C 1[①] 1[①] 5[①~⑤] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 0 15

D 1[④] 3[①~③] 5[①~⑤] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 0 45

E 1[④] 1[①] 1[②] 1[①] 3[①,③&⑤] 1[①] 0 3

183 SubTotal

A 2[①&③] 2[①&③] 3[①~③] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 0 36

B 2[①&③] 1[①] 1[②] 1[①] 5[①~⑤] 1[①] 0 10

C 1[④] 1[①] 3[①~③] 1[①] 3[①,④&⑤] 1[①] 0 9

D

E

55

A 2[①&③] 1[①] 2[①&②] 3[①~③] 0 1[①] 3[①~③] 36

B 1[②] 1[①] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[①] 3[①~③] 6

C 1[④] 1[①] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[①] 3[①~③] 6

D

E

48

A 2[①&③] 3[①~③] 5[①~⑤] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 30

B 1[②] 2[①&②] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 4

C 1[④] 3[①~③] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 6

D

E

40

A PV Type 1 15

B PV Type 2 10

C PV Type 3 10

D PV Type 4 10

E

45

A 2[①&③] 3[①~③] 5[①~⑤] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 30

B 1[②] 3[①~③] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 6

C 2[①&③] 1[①] 1[②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 6

D 1[④] 3[①~③] 2[①&②] 1[①] 0 1[③] 0 6

E 2[①&③] 1[①] 2[①&②] 3[①~③] 0 2[③&④] 0 12

60 Subtotal

431 TOTAL

6 Dynamic Loading

Deflection Testing5

4Dynamic Cone

Penetration (DCP)

Reference Subsection

Conditions of Testing→

1

Unconfined

Compression Strength

(UCS)

Consolidated

Undrained Triaxial

Compression (CUTC)

3

2 Direct Shear

Test Description

N/A

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4.6.3.5 Brief notes on the Testing Regime

I. Basic Physical and Mechanical Properties

The physical and mechanical properties that will be obtained from the standard tests for soils/gravels and aggregates are presented in Tables 4.2 and 4.3 respectively. OBRM will be adopted in standardizing all the materials to be used in this Study.

II. Static and Dynamic Laboratory and Field tests for Sophisticated Analysis

As mentioned in subsection 4.6.3.3 I, Performance Based Design and by extension Performance Based Specifications (PBS) requires the adoption of sophisticated methods. Consequently, the testing regime under this subsection has taken this fact into consideration.

Table 4.11 is a summary of the type of tests, engineering parameters and main objectives.

Table 4.11 Summary of tests, engineering parameters and main objectives

Item No.

Description of Test Engineering Parameters

Application in reference to PBS for Geogrids

Reference in Specs

1. Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) 1.1 Continuous loading 1.2 Multiple loading Empirical Elastic

Modulus (EE) Empirical ELS (ELSE)

Strength (qu, Cu) Angle of Shearing

Resistance (Φ΄) Modulus of

Deformation (E50)

Compressive strength, qu 3.1.2

Degree of Interlocking, I

3.4.1

uI C ratio, SI

3.1.5

Deformation Resistance, DR(E50, EE,YS, ELSE)

3.2.3

Maximum Compressive Strain,

af 3.1.4

Stress distribution/Intensity 3.6.1

2. Direct Shear

Sheer Strength ( f )

Angle of Shearing Resistance

Shear Strength, 3.1.3

Degree of Interlocking, I 3.4.1

SI ratio, I 3.1.5


3. Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression (CUTC

Creep, a

Deviator Stress, (q)

Axial Stress, ( a )

Lateral Stress, ( r )

Angle of Shearing Resistance, (Φ)

Elastic Modulus, (E) Shear Modulus, (G) Modulus of

Shear strength, q 3.1.3

Failure Stress ratio, f 3.1.6

Elastic Modulus, E 3.2.1

Shear Modulus, G 3.2.1

Elastic Limit Strain, ELS 3.2.2, 3.7.1

Secondary Yield Strain 3.7.1

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Item No.

Description of Test Engineering Parameters

Application in reference to PBS for Geogrids

Reference in Specs

Deformation, (E50) Secondary Yield

Strain, YS Mean Effective Stress

(p΄)

Tensile Strength, r 3.1.1

Tensile stress to Elastic Modulus ratio,

3.2.3

Compressive stress to Elastic Modulus ratio,

3.2.4

Degree of interlocking 3.4.1

Secondary consolidation creep

4. Dynamic Cone penetration (DCP)



Deformation (E50)



3.4.1

uI C ratio, SI

3.1.5


3.2.3


af 3.1.4


5. Deflection Measurements Rebound Deflection () Response time ()

Structural capacity 3.3.1

6. Uniaxial Dynamic Loading 6.1 Continuous loading 6.2 Multiple loading



Deformation (E50)



3.4.1

uI C ratio, SI

3.1.5


3.2.3


af 3.1.4


4.6.4 Equipment and Instrumentation

4.6.4.1 Laboratory Equipment

In compliance to the requirement of Item 6 on page 5 of the Revised TOR in Tender Notice No. 1, the Consultant will mainly carry out laboratory testing at the Materials Testing and Research Department (MTRD) laboratories by hiring their equipment. Both standard and innovatively modified methods of testing and equipment will be carried out and hired from the MTRD.

In exceptional cases however, where specialized testing and/or equipment is required, the Consultant shall seek the approval of the Chief Engineer (Materials).

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The Consultant also plans to procure some advanced hi-tech measurement equipment and instrumentation upon approval of the Equipment and Instrumentation Proposal that they intend to submit to the Client for his approval should they be awarded the contract. Reference can be made to Item F of Table 5.1 and Tool 5-1 in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

4.6.4.2 Field Measurement Equipment

The Consultant shall provide all the field measurement equipment and/or hire from the MTRD at normal government rates in accordance with the provision of paragraph 2 of item 6 of the TOR.

Any other procurement of field measurement equipment will be done in close consultation with the Client and upon approval by the Chief Engineer (Materials), to have this done at any other approved laboratory.

4.6.4.3 Calibration and Verification of Equipment

Paragraph 3 of item 6 of the TOR stipulates that the Consultant shall ensure that all field measurements and laboratory tests are done using calibrated and verified equipment and shall make the necessary provision for the calibration and verification if required.

In compliance to this requirement, the Consultant shall take an inventory of all the necessary testing equipment and verify their calibration will be identified and arrangements made for the expeditious calibration accordingly. The Consultant shall also ensure that calibration and verification exercises are carried out consistently.

4.6.4.4 Innovatively Modified and Fabricated Equipment

In view of the fact that the assignment is unique and of a specialized nature, most testing will require the modification of the measurement apparatus and instrumentation in order to achieve higher precision and confidence levels of the engineering parameters measured.

The Consultant shall apply the experience he has acquired over the years within this region whereby modification and/or fabrication has been necessitated by the lack of appropriate accessories, parts or entire suitable equipment. Some of the modifications that the Consultant has made can be referenced from Tool 3 in Appendix V-III.3 of Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

Also refer to item F in Table 5.1 and 5.2 of Chapter 5 of this Technical Proposal.

4.6.5 Comprehensive Scientific and Engineering Analysis Based on long-term comprehensive research, the Consultant has developed powerful analytical tools that can be adopted for state of the art scientific and engineering analysis. These tools include Geomathematical modules, Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics models, modified experimental testing control systems, mechanistic-empirical simulation models, numerical analysis tools etc.

An example of one of the latest research oriented and experimental testing empirico-mathematical models, the GECPROM is presented in Volume III of this Technical Proposal as Tool 22.

The generalized GECPROM modeling procedure is presented in Figure 4.10.

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Flowchart 4.10 The Generalized GECPROM Modeling Procedure

4.6.6 Methods of Design

Item 3.1 c) on the Scope of the Study on page 42 of the RFP makes a requirement, as one of the assignment tasks, of developing design procedures. The fundamental objective of the Study, as stipulated in item 2(i) of the TOR requires the same.

The Consultant therefore considers this as one of the most integral outputs as he has derived and depicted at the end of Figure 4.2 preceding Sub-section 4.6.1 of this chapter.

In consideration of the foregoing therefore, the Consultant shall endeavour to modify, improve and enhance the Comprehensive Method of Design (CMD), which they proposed in 2007 at the 23rd World Road Congress in Paris and the 14th African regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering held in Yaounde, Cameroon in the same year.

The CMD, depicted in Attachment A4 (also refer to Tool 6 in Volume III of this Technical Proposal), has been modified and applied in the design of Geosynthetically reinforced pavement structures in the Isiolo Airport Project in the Isiolo Town of Meru County in Eastern State of the Republic of Kenya as well as Geosynthetically reinforced embankment and foundation geo-structures for oil exploration activities in the Jonglei State of Southern Sudan.

4.6.6.1 Geosynthetically Reinforced Pavement Structural Design

An example of the Consultant’s design is presented in Section 4.11 of this chapter and Attachment A4. Also refer to Tool 6 in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

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4.6.6.2 Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankment and Foundation

Sub-section 4.11.2 provides an example of the Consultant’s design of Geosynthetically reinforced embankment and foundation design.

Reference can also be made to Attachment A4 and Tool 7 in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

4.6.7 Methods of Construction

Examples of the methods of construction developed and employed for Isiolo Airport Project are presented in Attachment A5.

4.6.8 Quality Control Systems

Some of the Quality Control (QC) methods developed by the Consultant are presented Attachment A6.

4.6.9 Example of Development of Preliminary Performance –Based Specifications

An example of the parameter and specification mode for performance-based specifications is given under Sub-section 1.2 of Chapter 1 of this Technical Proposal.

4.6.10 Example of Maintenance Procedures Proposed

The Consultant has, over the years, developed, proposed and applied unique methods of predicting levels and quality of the maintenance required for pavement structures. An example of these procedures is presented as Tool 20 in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

4.7 Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth (RE) Geostructures & Retaining

Walls

4.7.1 Evaluation and Monitoring of RE Geostructures

Evaluation and monitoring of the Reinforced Earth (RE) Geostructures will be undertaken on the basis of the Consultant’s experience of a similar nature presented in Tool 14 of Volume III, Section 3.2 of Chapter 3 of this Technical Proposal and partly introduced in Attachment A7.

4.7.2 Evaluation and Monitoring of Retaining Walls

Tool 16 provides detailed discussions regarding this case whereby the Consultant provided effective Value Engineering (VE) countermeasures and engineering employing research oriented technologies that he developed for purposes of that assignment after designing trial sections and undertaking monitoring and evaluation over a period of three years (36 months) through varying seasonal changes and moisture-suction variations.

Tool 16 is included in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

4.7.3 Comprehensive Analysis and Characterization of RE-Retaining Walls Interaction

During the proposed assignment, the Consultant intends to apply the state of the art engineering principles and concepts as well as recently developed scientific theories and geo-mathematical models to undertake comprehensive analysis and characterization of the RE-Retaining Walls interaction for the geo-structures to be investigated along Thika Road.

Some of the Tools that will be applied are presented in Tool 17 of Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

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4.7.4 Consultant’s Relevant Experience in Developing Monitoring and Evaluation Systems &

Programmes

An example of monitoring and evaluation systems developed by the Consultant is provided under

Attachment A8 of this Technical Proposal.

4.8 Development of Mechanistic-Empirical Design Procedures for Geosynthetically

Reinforced Flexible Pavement Structure At an advanced stage of this assignment, the Consultant intends to develop mechanistic-empirical design procedures for Geosynthetically reinforced pavements and other Geostructures.

Tool 19 included in the Consultants Tool Book contained in Volume III of this Technical Proposal provides an insight on how the Consultant intends to achieve this goal.

4.9 Road Maintenance Procedures for Geosynthetically Reinforced Flexible

Pavement Structure Based on their experience and results from further research within this assignment, the Consultant intends to introduce road maintenance procedures for Geosynthetically reinforced flexible pavement structures equipped with prediction and simulation modes.

Reference can be made to Tool 20 of the Consultants Tool Book in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

4.10 Consultant’s Relevant Experience in Research Oriented Design for

Geosynthetics Reinforced Geo-Structures Examples of the Consultant’s relevant experience in research oriented pavement and embankment designs

are given in Attachment A9, whereas references are cited in Tool 1.

4.11 Capacity Building The Consultant has partially addressed this issue in Attachment A 10 of this Technical Proposal.

4.12 Environmental Impact Assessment To promote environmental quality, including providing measures, environmental impact assessment (EIA)

and strategic environmental assessment should be considered for incorporating environmental concerns

for the projects under this Study.

Environmental scoping is to be undertaken during the Condition Surveys (refer to RFP TOR 3(b), 3(e), 3(f))

and Performance Evaluation of RE Geo-structures and Retaining Walls (refer to RFP 3d)). Further research

into the impact of Geosynthetics to the environment is to be undertaken in conjunction with the literature

review as stated in the RFP 3a) and correlated to practical field assessments with recommendations for

mitigation measures. Refer to example presented in Attachment A-11 of this Technical Proposal.

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Chapter 5 Work Plan

5.1 Basis of Work Plan Based on the Technical Approach and Methodology presented in Chapter 4 of this Technical Proposal as well as analysis of the Scope of the Study of the RFP presented in Item 3 of the Terms of Reference (Section 5), the proposed Work Plan is developed by the Consultant and discussed in this Chapter. A summary of the RFP requirements for the Work Plan is provided in Table 5.1 below.

Table 5.1 Summary of RFP Requirements for Work Plan

RFP Ref.

Breakdown

Particulars Ref. in Technical Proposal

Consultant’s Response/ Remarks

Form T4 △1

Proposed Main Activities of the Assignment

5.2 Activities defined as Tasks in this Technical Proposal

Content 5.2 & 5.3 Proposed in detail

Duration Fig. 5.3 Indicated in detail for each Main Task

Phasing Fig. 5.3 Indicated in detail for each Main Task

Interrelations 4, 5 & 6 Interrelated through schematics and tabulation

Milestones including interim approvals by the Client

Fig. 5.3 Indicated in Main Tasks/ Work Schedule

Delivery dates of the reports Fig. 5.3 Indicated in Main Tasks/ Work Schedule

Form T4 △2

Consistency with the Technical Approach and Methodology

Chap 4 & 5 Consistency demonstrated

Form T4 △3

Understanding of the TOR

Ability to translate them into a feasible working plan

Table 5.1, 5.2 & Fig. 5.1

Tasks derived from TOR, refined, adopted in Technical Approach & Methodology and translated into pragmatic Work Plan

Responsive to the TOR in general and the Scope of the Study (SOS) in particular

Form T4 △4

List of the final documents to be delivered as final Output

Reports

Table 5.3

Documents to be submitted in accordance with indications in the Main Tasks/ Work Schedule presented in Fig. 5.3

Reports to consist of various documents including drawings, tables, flowcharts, etc.

Drawings

Tables

Form T5 △5

Consistency with the Work Schedule of Form T8

Fig. 5.3, Table 5.1 & 5.3

Consistency with Work Schedule maintained

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In response to the RFP, the Consultant proposes the main tasks and activities of the assignment, their content and durations incorporating phasing and interrelations, whilst indicating the milestones. The Work Plan also considers the Client’s intermittent intervention and modification of the Scope of the Services as stipulated under Clause 2.4 of the General Conditions of Contract on Page 53 of the RFP.

The Work Plan also gives provision for internal technical forums, presentations, site visits and other correspondence between the Client and the Consultant.

5.2 Tasks for required Services of the RFP The derived tasks for services that are required in accordance with the Consultant’s interpretation of the RFP are summarized in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 Tasks for Services Required as Derived by Consultant from the RFP S/N Requirement Derived by

Consultant Section Ref. Task for Services

A Preliminaries

1 Award of Contract ITC 7 •Submit Letter of Acceptance

•Prepare Preliminary Documents

•Prepare for Technical & Financial Negotiations

2 Technical Negotiations ITC 6.2 •Review all Technical Documents related to Assignment for Consultancy Services

3 Financial Negotiations ITC 6.3 •Review all Financial Documents related to Assignment for Consultancy Services

4 Signing of Contract

B Mobilization

1 Commencement of Consulting Services 14 Days after Order to Commence

Data Sheet 7.2

•Respond to Commencement Notice

2 Orientation of Available Facilities GC 5.3 •Make Inventory of Available facilities

3 Courtesy Calls to Client and Relevant Stakeholders

Data Sheet 1.4b)

•Prepare Introductory Documents

4 Inception Meeting •Organize & set Date & Venue in consultation with Client

C Literature Review

1 Scientific & Engineering Theories, Concepts & Principles of Geosynthetics Reinforcement

TOR 3a)

•Identify & Source Relevant Literature •Assign Review Teams According to Field of Expertise •Formulate Sequence of Review •Correlate Review Results to Technical Problems, Scientific & Engineering Complexities that Curtail Research in Geosynthetics Reinforced Geostructures

2 Standards & Procedures for Testing Chemical, Physical & Mechanical Characteristics of Geosynthetics

TOR 3a)

3 Impact of Geometric Design Characteristics of Geosynthetics

TOR 3a)

4 Impact of Geosynthetics on the Environment

TOR 3a)

5 Other Relevant Literature TOR 3a)

D Condition Surveys of Previous Trial Sections (1987 ~ 2011)

1 Garsen ~ Lamu Road (B8/C112) & Garsen Bridge

TOR 3b) •Logistics for Mobilization to Site •General Assessment of Site Conditions •Identification of Study Sections •Engineering & Structural Evaluation of Distress Conditions

2 Upgrading to dual carriageway of Thika ~ Makutano Road (A2)

TOR 3b)

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S/N Requirement Derived by Consultant

Section Ref. Task for Services

3 Reconstruction of Eldoret ~ Burnt Forest Road (A104)

TOR 3b) •Analysis of Environmental Factors •DT/NDT In-situ Testing •Pavement Structural Evaluation •Comprehensive Analysis of Geosynthetics Performance

4 Reconstruction of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)

TOR 3b)

E Development of Appropriate Methods of Testing, Design and Construction

1 Develop Appropriate Methods of Testing

4.6.3 •Derive and Analyze Response Factors for Performance Parameters •Determine Scale Effect •Determine Loading and Deformation •Design Modification Factors

2 Develop Tailored and VE Based Design Procedures

4.6.6 •Review the CMD •Apply Findings from C and D to Develop Design Principles and Philosophy •Define and Depict Design Procedure

3 Develop Efficient & Appropriate Methods of Construction

4.6.7 •Establish Inventory of Available Construction Equipment •Review Design Parameters •Determine Construction Factors and Sequence

4 Develop Quality Control and Assurance Systems

4.6.8 •Correlate Test Results, Construction & Design Requirements •Develop QC Boundary Limits Based on Material Characterization •Develop QC Requirements for Environmental & Construction

5 Derive Preliminarily Applicable Performance-Based General, Standard & Particular Specifications

4.6.9 •Review and Correlate Findings from C, D and E1~E4 •Carry Out Comprehensive Scientific & Engineering Analysis •Outline Performance-Based Specifications

F Procurement, Modification, Fabrication and Calibration of Field & Laboratory Testing Equipment & Instruments

1 Recommend Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics Reinforcement

TOR 3c) •Identify State of the Art Testing Equipment and Instrument Manufacturers Worldwide •Review Literature on Equipment Manufacturing and Instrumentation •Determine Limitations of Available Equipment/ Instruments •Determine factors & Components that Require Modifications Assess & Evaluate Equipment Fabrication Capacity of Local Markets •Assess & Evaluate Equipment Calibration Capacity of Local Markets •Establish & Follow Procurement Procedures Develop and Adopt Modification Techniques & Technologies •Develop and Adopt Fabrication Processes, Techniques & Technologies •Confirm & Adopt Standard Methods & Procedures of Calibration

2 Procure Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics Reinforcement

4.6.4

3 Modify Innovatively Testing Equipment as per Conditions & Necessity

4.6.4.4(1)

4 Fabricate Innovatively Testing Equipment as per Conditions & Necessity

4.6.4.4(2)

5 Calibration & Unification of Equipment & Instruments

4.6.4.3

G Development of Special Specifications for Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments

1 Review and Correlate Findings from C and D

TOR 3e) •Carry out Comprehensive Analysis of Test Results •Evaluate Environmental Conditions and Factors

2 Apply Principles & Research Findings from Analytical results of C & D

4.6.6 •Review and Apply Findings from C and D.

3 Modify Specifications Developed from E.

4.6.9 •Review and Apply Findings from E.

4 Procure, Modify and/or Fabricate Specialized Equipment Based on Results from F.

4.6.4.4 •Review and Apply Findings from F.

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5 Undertake Modified and Specialized Lab and Scale Model Testing

4.6 •Design Modified and Specialized Testing Regime with Reference to E1.

6 Carry Out Comprehensive Scientific and Engineering Analysis

4.6.5 •Review and Apply Test results from E and F.

7 Derive Vital Geo-Engineering Parameters for Design of Testing Regime for Geosynthetically reinforced Embankments

4.6 ~ 4.8 •Review and Apply Scientific and Engineering Findings from E and F.

H Design of Trial Sections for Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments

1 Masalani Bridge Approaches TOR 3e)

•Logistics for Mobilization to Site •General Assessment of Site Conditions •Identification of Study Sections •Engineering & Structural Evaluation of Distress Conditions •Analysis of Environmental Factors •DT/NDT In-situ Testing •Pavement Structural Evaluation •Comprehensive Analysis of Geosynthetics Performance

2 Likoni ~ Shelly Beach TOR 3e)

3 Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523) TOR 3e)

4 Sigalagala ~ Butere Road (D260) TOR 3e)

I Development of Special Specifications for Geosynthetically Reinforced DBM/AC

1 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road (A104)

TOR 3f) •Logistics for Mobilization to Site •General Assessment of Site Conditions •Identification of Study Sections •Engineering & Structural Evaluation of Distress Conditions •Analysis of Environmental Factors •DT/NDT In-situ Testing •Pavement Structural Evaluation •Comprehensive Analysis of Geosynthetics Performance

2 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Webuye Road (A104)

TOR 3f)

3 Rehabilitation of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)

TOR 3f)

4 Rehabilitation of Uplands ~ Kimende Road (A104)

TOR 3f)

J Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes for Trials under H and I

1 Review Analytical Results from C to I.

4.6 ~ 4.8 •Modify and Apply Findings from C to I.

2 Apply Findings of C to I for Design of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes

4.6 ~ 4.8 •Modify Findings and establish Monitoring and Evaluation Procedures

3 Apply Findings from F to Develop Suitable Instrumentation

4.6.4 •Determine Suitable Instrumentation

4 Design & Implement Immediate, Short-Term, Medium-Term & Long-Term Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes

TOR 3g) •Design and Implement Appropriate Monitoring and Evaluation Systems and Programmes

K Evaluation of Performance of Reinforced Earth Geostructures and Retaining Walls

1 Mobilization to Respective Sites TOR 3d) •Prepare Logistics and Plan for Mobilization •Coordinate Site Arrangements and Construction Programme with Mobilization Plan

2 Assessment of General Site Conditions

4.6.1 •Assess Geostructures •Measure Geostructural Sizes •Assess Access Conditions and Geometrical Characteristics

3 Evaluation of Environmental Conditions

4.6.1 •Evaluate Topography •Evaluate Hydraulic Conditions •Evaluate Soil Conditions •Evaluate Subsurface Drainage

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4 Determination of Environmental Factors

4.6.5 •Determine Hydrogeological Parameters •Determine Rainfall/ Precipitation Intensity •Analyze Impact of Environmental Factors

5 Analysis of Loading Factors 4.6.5 •Analyze Traffic Volume and Characteristics •Derive Loading Intensity

6 Analysis of Displacement and Deformation Factors

4.6.5 •Analyze Dynamic Loading Effect •Correlate Dynamic Loading and Environmental Factors and Determine Effect

7 Determine Appropriate Testing Equipment & Instrumentation

4.6.4 •Carry out Comparative Model Testing Adopting In-situ Materials, Geo-structural Layer Configuration, Mode of Reinforcement and Loading Conditions to Simulate Existing Current

8 Determine Appropriate Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes & systems Based on Model from J.

4.6.1, 4.6.5~4.6.9

•Review and Modify Monitoring and Evaluation Methods Developed in J.

9 Implement Monitoring & evaluation Programmes

•Apply Modified Methods and Implement Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes

10 Comprehensive Scientific & Geotechnical engineering Analysis

4.6.5 •Collect Data Intensely •Carry out Detailed Data Analysis •Apply Advanced State of the Art Analytical Tools for Comprehensive Analysis

L Reporting, Technical Forums, Internal Presentations and Monthly Progress Meeting

1 Submission of Inception Report TOR 7a) •Compile and Submit 4 Copies of the Inception Report

2 Submission of Interim Report TOR 7b) •Compile and Submit 4 Copies of Interim Reports for 5 Phases

3 Submission of Draft Final Report TOR 7c) •Compile and Submit 4 Copies of a Draft Final Report

4 Submission of Final Report TOR 7d) •Discuss and Present Results and findings of Draft Final report to Stakeholders during Workshop •Submit Final Report for Approval by Client

5 Organization of Technical Forums TOR 3i) •Organize Technical Forum to Discuss Interim results of 1st Interim Report •Organize Technical Forum to Discuss Interim results of 2nd Interim Report •Organize Technical Forum to Discuss Interim results of 3rd Interim Report •Organize Technical Forum to Discuss Interim results of 4th Interim Report •Organize Technical Forum to Discuss Interim results of 5th Interim Report

6 Organization of Internal Presentations

TOR 3i) •Organize Presentation to Client to Disseminate Findings reported in 3rd Interim Report •Organize Presentation to Client to Disseminate Findings reported in Draft Final Report •Organize Presentation to Client to Disseminate Findings reported in Pre-Workshop Findings

7 Monthly Progress Meetings TOR 3j) •Organize Monthly Progress Meetings with Client to Assess Progress and Quality of Output/Deliverables

M Organization of Workshop for Stakeholders

1 Organize Workshops for Stakeholders

TOR 3i) •Confirm Date, Venue and number of Participants with Client •Make Necessary Logistical Arrangements •Prepare Necessary Documents, Print outs, Media and Material

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5.3 Task Analysis and Management

5.3.1 Task breakdown and Reciprocal Activities

The main tasks are generated from the Scope of the Study given under Item 3 of Section 5 of the RFP addressing the TOR, whilst the detailed tasks and activities are derived from the main tasks as presented in Chapter 4 of this Technical Proposal in which the Technical Approach and Methodology are discussed, the Consultant’s Tool Book presented in Section 5.8 of Chapter 5 and the requirements in the General Conditions of Contract of the Contract for Consultancy Services of the RFP.

In all cases detailed examination of relevant documents in the RFP is made in accordance with the requirements stipulated in paragraph 3.2 and paragraph 3.4(c) in Section 2 concerning Instructions To Consultants (ITC).

The task breakdown presented in Table 5.2 mainly takes into account the duration required for each task, reference section from where the task is derived and/or linked, the tools and/or techniques necessary to address the task and the output as a result of applying the Technical Approach and implementing the Methodology and Work Plan effectively.

Table 5.3 gives the Tasks Breakdown, Reciprocal Activities, Mode of Implementation and Personnel Tasks Assignment (Refer to Attachment A3.3)

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Figure 5.1 Proposed Tasks Management System and Implementation Arrangement by Logistics

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5.3.2 Proposed Tasks Management System

The proposed sequential tasks management system is depicted in Figure 5.1. A reciprocity concept is applied in ensuring proper correlation of the tasks to facilitate for solid assignment integration management based on advanced time and logistics management of the assignment tasks, the time durations indicated in Table 5.3 in the preceding sub-section, have been taken into consideration as one of the main input parameters. In order to achieve time savings, logistical coordination is carefully examined.

5.4 Mode of Task Implementation In developing the optimum mode of task implementation, the Consultant takes into consideration and correlates the structure, composition and level of expertise and discipline of his team to the tasks and consultancy services required by the Client. As shown in Table 5.3 and Figure 5.3, each individual staff is assigned a number of tasks which fall within his field of expertise and capacity of execution. The Team Leader, however, is expected to oversee and effectively manage all staff and tasks whilst executing his professional duties accordingly.

5.5 Main Tasks/Work Schedule

5.5.1 Main Task/Work Schedule

The main Task/Work Schedule is presented in Figure 5.2 in the Form T8 format.

The Consultant in consultation with the Client will identify the works to be prioritized and produce a Schedule of Works that will include exact locations by chainage and items of study as per the TOR of the RFP and based on initial site survey findings, give a breakdown by activity definition, activity sequencing, and activity duration estimation.

The results will be summarized as activity list, work breakdown structure, project network, activity duration estimates for preparation of the project scheduling by computer software e.g. Microsoft Project 2010, Prince, etc. The Consultant plans to employ “The Project Manager” and equivalent software to find the Critical Path and control of progress as well as budget control.

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Legend:

Preparation, Development and/or Design Period

Task Implementation Period

Apply Proposed Design Procedures and

Standard Specifications to Develop Special

Specifications for Further Trials for

Reinforced Embankment as per TOR

9Main

Tasks

5.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

SUM

MAR

Y OF

MAI

N AS

SIGN

MEN

T TA

SKS

8.0

6.0

4.0

4 5 6 7 82011 - 2012/Month

Days

1 2 3

7

Organize Workshop for Stakeholders

Final Report

Develop Monitoring and Evaluation

Systems for the Trial Sections in 3.0 and

4.0 in accordance with the TOR

Stipulations

Evaluation of Performance of Reinforced

Earth (RE) Geostructures & Retaining Walls

along the Nairobi ~ Thika Road A2 and

Design of Monitoring Programmes

9.0

7.0 Reporting

Inception

Interim

Draft Final

21 28 7 14 21

Undertake Condition Surveys including

Structural Evaluation on Existing Geogrid Trial

Sections in accordance with the TOR

Relevant Literature Review

Develop Appropriate Methods of Testing &

Equipment, Design Procedures,

Construction Methods, Specifications and

Quality Control Systems

Apply Proposed Design Procedures and

Standard Specifications to Develop Special

Specifications for Further Trials for Geogrid

Reinforced DBM as per TOR

21 28 7 14 21 28 7 1414 7 14 21 28 728 7 14 21 28 21 28 7 1414 21 28 7 14

Figure 5.2 Main Tasks/Work Schedule

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5.5.2 Priority of Schedule of Works

As presented in Figure 4.2 under Section 4.6 of Chapter 4, which addresses the overall approach and methodology of achieving objectives, the Consultant will investigate the sites in reference to the TOR of the RFP and identify the priorities to be carried out. The priority criteria are:

Literature review Research on Geosynthetically-reinforced embankments and pavement materials Design of Research Regime Condition surveys including structural evaluation on Geosynthetics trial sections constructed

in Kenya from 1987 to 2011 Development of Design Procedures, Preliminary Construction Specifications and Quality

Control Systems Recommendation of Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics reinforcement Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth (RE) Retaining Walls along Nairobi ~ Thika Road

(A2) and Design of Monitoring Programmes Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced

Embankments on selected roads in Kenya countrywide Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced

DBM/AC on selected roads in Kenya countrywide Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes for the trial sections Submission of Reports Organization of Stakeholders Workshops Preparation of Final Reports

5.6 Implementation Arrangement

5.6.1 Implementation Arrangement by Logistics

The implementation arrangement proposed by the Consultant mainly takes the following facts into consideration.

1. The Team Leader will work in close consultation with the Chief Engineer (Materials). 2. The Team Leader will consistently brief and update the Chief Engineer (Materials). 3. The Client may give instructions and/or require the services of the Consultant at any time during

the assignment to which the Consultant shall respond promptly. 4. The logistical arrangements will concentrate between the Head Office and the Project roads

indicated in the Scope of the Study. 5. Site reports and updates shall be received by the Head Office on a daily basis. 6. Communication and correspondence will mainly be via mobile phones and e-mail. 7. Movement between the varying sites will be well coordinated and efficiently executed. 8. Progress meetings, technical forums and presentations to the Client are held on a monthly basis

and/or as shall be directed by the Client. 9. The Logistics Manager will always ensure a proper rotation of his team for site assignments.

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10. The Consultant will ensure that he upholds good relations with the Clients team on site, the local authority and the Contractor.

The proposed implementation arrangement tabulated in Table 5.3 and schematically depicted in Figure 5.3.

5.6.2 Implementation Arrangement by Tasks

Implementation arrangement by tasks is realized by superimposing the tasks panel on the project specific organization structure and subsequently assigning the respective tasks to the relevant expertise possessed and to be executed by each expert.

The implementation arrangement by tasks diagram is presented in Figure 5.3.

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Figure 5.3 Implementation Arrangement by Tasks (Refer to Attachment A3.5)

Geotechnical Engineer/ Team Leader

Eng. Dr. J.N. Mukabi

Research Scientist

K.W.Ng'ang'a

Senior Engineering

Geologist

Assistant Research Engineer

Eng. S.F. Wekesa

Highways/ Materials Engineer

Eng. Kabbia Njoroge P.

Senior Geoscientist

J. Okado

Mechanical Engineer

A. Muthoka

CAD/ Field Testing /

Instrumentation Expert

L. Ngigi

Equipment/ Instrumentation

Research Assistant

Materials Research Assistant

Chief Systems Analyst/ ICT &

GeomaticsSpecialist

S. Kotheki

TASKS

A1 Award of Contract

A2 Technical Negotiations

A3 Financial Negotiations

A4 Signing of Contract

B1 Commencement of Consulting Services 14 Days after Order to Commence

B2 Orientation of Available Facilities

B3 Courtesy Calls to Client and Relevant Stakeholders

B4 Inception Meeting

C1 Scientific & Engineering Theories, Concepts & Principles of Geosynthetics

D1 Garsen ~ Lamu Road (B8/C112) & Garsen Bridge

C2 Standards & Procedures for Testing Chemical, Physical & Mechanical

C3 Impact of Geometric Design Characteristics of Geosynthetics

C4 Impact of Geosynthetics on the Environment

D2 Upgrading to dual carriageway of Thika ~ Makutano Road (A2)

Senior Materials Technologist

Ogallo J.B. Julius

Materials Technologist

K.G. Wambugu

Senior Lab Technician

Senior Materials Technician

Lab/ field Tehnicians

Site Engineer

J. Mosaria

Logistics Manager

Office Administrator

Support Staff

Secretaries

D3 Reconstruction of Eldoret ~ Burnt Forest Road (A104)

D4 Reconstruction of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)

E1 Develop Appropriate Methods of Testing

E2 Develop Tailored and VE Based Design Procedures

E3 Develop Efficient & Appropriate Methods of Construction

E4 Develop Quality Control and Assurance Sytems

E5 Derive Preliminarily Applicable Performance-Based General, Standard &

F1 Recommend Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics Reinforcement

F2 Procure Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics Reinforcement

F3 Modify Innovatively Testing Equipment as per Conditions & Necessity

F4 Fabricate Innovatively Testing Equipment as per Conditions & Necessity

F5 Calibration & Unification of Equipment & Instruments

G1 Review and Correlate Findings from C and D

G2 Apply Principles & Research Findings from Analytical results of C & D

G3 Modify Specifications Developed from E.

G4 Procure, Modify and/or Fabricate Specialized Equipment Based on Results

G5 Undertake Modified and Specialized Lab and Scale Model Testing

G6 Carry Out Comprehensive Scientific and Engineering Analysis

G7 Derive Vital Geo-Engineering Parameters for Design of Testing Regime for

H1 Masalani Bridge Approaches

H2 Likoni ~ Shelly Beach

H3 Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523)

H4 Sigalagala ~ Butere Road (D260)

I1 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road (A104)

C5 Other Relevant Literature

I2 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Webuye Road (A104)

I3 Rehabilitation of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)

I4 Rehabilitation of Uplands ~ Kimende Road (A104)

J1 Review Analytical Results from C to I.

J2 Apply Findings of C to I for Design of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes

J3 Apply Findings from F to Develop Suitable Instrumentation

J4 Design & Implement Immediate, Short-Term, Medium-Term & Long-Term

K1 Mobilization to Respective Sites

K2 Assessment of General Site Conditions

K3 Evaluation of Environmental Conditions

K4 Determination of Environmental Factors

K5 Analysis of Loading Factors

K6 Analysis of Displacement and Deformation Factors

K7 Determine Appropriate Testing Equipment & Instrumentation

K8 Determine Appropriate Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes & systems Based on

K9 Implement Monitoring & evaluation Programmes

K10 Comprehensive Scientific & Geotechnical engineering Analysis

L1 Submission of Inception Report

L2 Submission of Interim Report

L3 Submission of Draft Final Report

L4 Submission of Final Report

L5 Organization of Technical Forums

L6 Organization of Internal Presentations

L7 Monthly Progress Meetings

M1 Organize Workshops for Stakeholders

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5.7 Summary of Deliverables A summary of the deliverables is presented in Table 5.4. The Consultant will prepare and submit to the Client, the reports in accordance with the requirements in the TOR of the RFP as shown in Table 5.4.

Table 5.4 Submission of Reports

S/No. Report Contents Submission No Copies

1. Inception Report

Proposed methodologies for the Study and detailed work programme for the contract

Within 4 weeks after commencement of Consultancy Contract

2 No 4 No

2. Draft Report Detailed findings of the completed tasks, analyses, results and recommendations containing all supporting material

Within 2 weeks after completion of the Study Tasks

2 No 4 No

3. Draft Final Report

Summarized findings, analyses, results and recommendations of the Study containing all supporting material including comments from the Engineer

Within 4 weeks after the Engineers comments on the Draft Report

2 No 4 No

4. Final Study Report

Incorporating all revisions arising from Stakeholders Workshop

Within 4 weeks after the Stakeholders Workshop

2 No 4 No

5. Meetings Discussion of Assignment at any stage as may be directed by the Client and/or the Engineer

During the Duration of Contract

As necessary

Note: All Reports will include Drawings, Figures, Flowcharts and other forms of technical illustrations.

5.8 Consultant’s Tool Book The Consultant’s Tool Book is a compilation of integral intellectual accessories that are of paramount importance in providing relevant technical, scientific and engineering guidelines for Research and Innovation for Sustainable Development (RISD), unique design approaches, methods of construction, Quality Control (QC) systems and maintenance procedures in the respective field of assignment.

The List of Tool Books is tabulated in Table 5.5 whilst the Tool Books are compiled in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

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Table 5.5 Consultant’s List of Tool Books

Consultant's Toolbook

Tool No. Tool Particular Reference/Remarks

Tool 1 Existing Library for Relevant Literature Review Local; Regional: Global

Tool 2 Conditions Survey Method, Scoping and Inventory

Proposed Approach for Effective Investigation and

Determination of Appropriate Engineering Counter

measures for failure or defect Sections

>The role of enhanced Research Oriented Highway

and Foundation Design for Sustainable Development

>Innovating modified NDT/DT techniques for the

Evaluation of an Existing Pavement Structure -

Method of Testing


Evaluation of an Existing Pavement Structure -

Theoretical Considerations and Experiemental

Results


Evaluation of an Existing Pavement Structure-

Theoretical Considerations and Experiemental

Results>Examples of Innovbative modified testing

techniques

Tool 5 Innovative Modification of Testing EquipmentMechanistic analysis of Benkelman Beam Deflection

measurements

>Reconstruction of Runway Pavement at Isiolo

Airport in Isiolo, Kenya

>Use of Geogrids in Pavement Construction [US Army

Corps of Engineers]

>Comprehensive method of analysis for cost effective

Detailed Design of Pavement Structures [papers

submitted to the 14th Africa Regional Congress [ARC]

in Yaounde, Cameroon, 2007]

>Application of Consolidation and Shear Stree ratio

concepts in foundation design and construction

>Employing Cost-Effective counter measures to slope

failure based on newly developed OPMC stabilization

concepts

Tool 7

Geosynthetically Preliminary Reinforced Embankment Design White Nile Oil exploration Programme including

Design Drawings [Study, Design and Construction

Supervision]

Tool 8Geosynthetically Preliminary Reinforced Roadside Drainage and Canal Design in

Problematic Soil Areas

Geomat 2011 [Characterizing the interaction of

Geomat with fine grained Black Cotton Soils]

Tool 9Appropriate Methods of Construction for Geosynthetically Reinforced Pavement

Layer and Composite Structures

Reconstruction of Runway Pavement [a] Procedure

for construction of stabilized basde course [b]

programme of works with superimposed S-Curve

>Papers submitted to the 14th Africa Regional

Congress [ARC] in Yaounde, Cameroon, 2007

Institute of Engineers of Kenya [IEK] Publications

Tool 3 Design of Research Regime and Procedures

Tool 4 Design of Methods of Testing

Tool 6 Geosynthetically Preliminary Reinforced Pavement Structural Design

Tool 10Appropriate Specifications for Geosynthetically Reinforced Pavement Layer and

Composite Structures

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Tool No. Tool Particular Reference/Remarks

>Laboratory and In-situ Testing and Analysis for

Performance Based Specifications [PBS] for Geogrids

[comprehensice research for advanced specifications,

designs and methods of construction

>To be developed

Tool 12Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials for Geosynthetics

Reinforced DBM>To be developed

Tool 13Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials for Geosynthetics

Reinforced Embankments>To be developed

Tool 14 Monitoring and Evaluation Systems & Procedures for Trial Sections

Tool 15 Evaluation and Monitoring of Performance of Reinforced Earth Geostructures

Tool 16Evaluation and Monitoring of Performance of Reinforced Earth (RE) Retaining

Walls (RW)

>Employing Cost-Effective counter measures to slope

failure based on newly developed OPMC stabilization

concepts

Tool 17Comprehensive Analysis and Characterization of Reinforced Earth-Retaining

Wall Interaction

Advances in Geosynthetics Materials and applications

for soil reinforcement and environmental protection

works

Tool 18 Consultant's Relevant Experimental Testing and Research Experience >Company Brochure

>Mechanistic - Empirical Pavement Design procedure

for Geosynthetically stabilized Flexible pavements

>Mechanistic - Empirical Pavement Design Guide

Implementation

>To be developed

> Proposed New method of determining period and

level of maintenance [Juba River Access Road Design]

>To be developed

Tool 20-1 Road Maintenance - Inspection

Tool 20-2 Road Maintenance - Evaluation

Tool 20-3 Road Maintenance - Execution

Tool 21Quality Control Systems >Quality Control [Reconstruction of runway

pavement at Isiolo Airport, in Isiolo Kenya

Tool 21 Tools for Comprehensive Scientific and Engineering Analysis GECPROM

Tool 22 Advanced Research and Development Proposal

NB:

Road Maintenance Procedures for Geosynthetically Reinforced Flexible

Pavement StructuresTool 20

Reference may also be made to Appendix 2 - Consultant's Relevant Experimental and Research Experience

Guidelines to Appropriate Application of Proposed Design Procedures and

Standard Specifications for Geosynthetically Reinforced StructuresTool 11

Development of Mechanistic-Empirical Design Procedures for Geosynthetically

Reinforced Flexible Pavement StructuresTool 19

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Chapter 6 Organization and Staffing

The RFP requirements for the Consultant’s organization and staffing are summarized in Table 6.1 below.

Table 6.1 Summary of RFP Requirements for Organization and Staffing S/No. Reference

From RFP Particulars of Requirement Reference

Section Consultant’s Remarks/Comments

1. Form T4 Structure and Composition of Team Table 6.2 Tabulated accordingly 2. Form T4 Main Disciplines of the Assignment Table 6.2 Tabulated accordingly 3. Form T4 Identification of the Key Expert Responsible

for Particular Assignment Table 5.3 & Fig. 5.3 Tabulated if Table 5.3 &

Schematically Depicted in Figure 5.3 of Chapter 5

4. Form T4 Proposed Technical Staff Table 5.3 & Fig. 5.3 Included accordingly 5. Form T4 Support Staff Table 5.3 & Fig. 5.3 Included accordingly

Note: Organization and Staffing Proposed by Consultant in accordance with the RFP Requirements and Stipulations.

6.1 Overall Organization Structure of the Consultant The standard organization structure of the Consultant is presented in Figure 6.1.

Figure 6.1 Kensetsu Kaihatsu Ltd Overall Organization Structure

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6.2 Proposed Project-Specific Organization Structure for the Assignment The project specific organization structure proposed for this Study by the Consultant is presented in Figure 6.2.

Figure 6.2 Kensetsu Kaihatsu Ltd Proposed Project-Specific Organization Chart



Research Scientist

K. W. Ng'ang'a

Senior Engineering

Geologist

K.W. Ng'ang'a


Eng. S.F. Wekesa




Ogallo J.B. Julius

Senior Geoscientist

J. Okado

Mechanical Engineer

A. Muthoka



L. Ngigi


Research Assistant



GeomaticsSpecialist

S. Kotheki

Site Engineer

J. Mosaria

Logistics Manager


K.G. Wambugu


Support Staff

Secretaries




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6.3 Composition of Proposed Staff The composition of the Consultant’s proposed staff and their respective fields of expertise is presented in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 Composition of Consultant's Proposed Professional Staff (PS)/ Support Staff (SS) Specific Field of Expertise in Relation to Assignment

Ind

ex

Position/ Task Staff Name Specific Field of Expertise in Relation to Assignment

Ye

ar

s o

f E

xp

er

ien

ce

To

tal

M/

Mo

nth

s

by

Ex

pe

rt

PS2 Highways/ Materials Engineer Eng. Kabbia Njoroge Petterson

Pavement Structure Design & Road Construction Materials; Performance Evaluation of RE Retaining Walls; Geometric Design, Structural Evaluation on Reinforced Geostructures including Geosynthetically Stabilized; Methods of Construction, Pavement Design & Testing

32 6.36

PS1 Lead Consultant Eng. Dr. John Ngaya Mukabi

Advanced Research in Geomaterials, Geosynthetics & RE Geostructures. Design of Research & Testing Regimes, Trial section, Evaluation & Monitoring Programmes, Pavement Design & Construction Methods; Development of Special Specifications, Presentation & Reporting; Methods Design; Overall Technical Approach Coordination & Supervision; Overall Organization of Study

26

Su

pp

or

t S

taff

Le

ve

l 1

SS1-1 Assistant Research Engineer Eng. Fred Sirmoi Wekesa

Research in Construction Methods Testing, Research in Mechanically & Chemically Stabilized Geomaterials including Geosynthetically Reinforced Materials; Geosynthetic Types & Sources; Performance Specifications; Sourcing & Availability Expert; Design Manuals & Specifications

3 7.48

Pr

ofe

ss

ion

al

Sta

ff

Kihuha Waweru Ng'ang'a

Soil-Structural-Reinforcement Elements Research & Structural Matrix Analysis; Development of Quality Control Systems; Geometric Design & Characteristics; Geosynthetics Performance & Characteristics; Geotechnical Engineering Research & Literature Review; Impact of Materials on Environmental Impact assessment

18 5.14

PS4 Senior Materials Technologist Ogallo J.B. Julius

Construction Methods Testing, Research in Mechanically & Chemically Stabilized Geomaterials including Geosynthetically Reinforced Materials; Calibration & Verification of Equipment; Evaluation & Monitoring of Field/ Laboratory Testing; Quality Control; Implementation of Lab/ Field Testing Regimes

20

PS3 Research Scientist

6.53

6.97

SS2-3Mechanical Engineer (Instrument. & Equip.)

Eng. Alphonse MuthokaDesign and Modification of Field/ Laboratory Testing Equipment & Instrumentation; Evaluation of Field/ Laboratory Testing Equipment & Instrumentation Performance & Monitoring

17

7.99

Su

pp

or

t S

taff

Le

ve

l 2

SS2-1 Senior Engineering Geologist Kihuha Waweru Ng'ang'aGeological Engineering Analysis and Site Characterization; Material Types & Sources; Hydrological Analysis, Drainage Characteristics; Field Activities & Tasks

30 3.66

SS2-2

SS1-2 Senior Geoscientist Joram Okado MukabiGeophysical & Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Geomaterials & Soil~Geosynthetics Interaction, Local & Global Characteristics; Suitability Testing; Performance Evaluation; Quality Control & Monitoring

17

Systems Analyst/ ICT Specialist Sylvester Kotheki

Specialist in Engineering/ Management/ Field/ Office Information & Communication Technology & Design Applications; Expert in Engineering Systems, Intelligence, GIS/Geomatics, Modeling/3D; Industrial Design Knowledgebase; Technological & Computer Science Advisory

6.46

Site Engineer Eng. Julius MosariaConstruction Implementation of Geosynthetics Reinforced Materials/ Layers; Monitoring & Environmental Impact Assessment; Structural Analysis; Condition Survey & Scoping Inventory; Post Test Structural Repairs

3 5.78

25.00

15.47

34.73

Sta

ffin

g L

ev

el

TOTAL M/Months 75.20 75.20

5.78

To

tal

M/

Mo

nth

s

by

Le

ve

l

SS2-6 CAD/ Field Test/ Instrumentation Expert Leonard Ngigi Mechanical Field Testing Equipment and Instrumentation. CAD Operations 18

SS2-5 Materials Tehnologist Kenneth Githuga WambuguGeotechnical Investigation, Materials Testing, Field and Laboratory Testing Techniques - Research Regime Interpretation & Implementation; Innovation of Field/ laboratory Testing Equipment; Field Activities

20 6.93

6.12

SS2-4 22

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6.4 Summary of Staffing Task assignment

A summary of the Staffing Task Assignment is provided in Table 5.3 under Section 5.3 (sub-section) of Chapter 5.

6.5 Proposed Staff Assignment Schedule

The Consultant’s proposed Staff Assignment Schedule is presented in Figure 6.3 below.

Figure 6.3 Proposed Professional Staff (PS)/ Support Staff (SS) Assignment Schedule

Year

Month

Week

Notes: 1. Assignment Schedule is subject to change depending on prevailing circumstances, progress of Study and necessity of Experts 75.20

Assignment in Nairobi/Laboratory

Assignment on Site/Field

Intermitent Assignment

Preliminary/Other

SUPP

OR

T S

TA

FF:L

EVEL

2

TOTAL M/Months

PS2

PS3

PS4

PRO

FESS

ION

AL

STA

FFSU

PP

OR

T

STA

FF:L

EVEL

1

Staff Name

Eng. Dr. John Mukabi

Eng. Kabbia Njoroge

Kihuha Ng'ang'a

Ogalo Julius

2128

1

7 14 21 28

2

7 14 21 28 21 28

6.36

28 7 14 21 147 14 21 28 721 28

6.93

28 7 14

SS2-3Mechanical Engineer (Instrument & Equip)


Senior Engineering Geologist

SS2-1

Research Scientist

7 14 21

6.12

SS2-2 Site Engineer 5.78Eng. Julius Mosaria

Eng. Alphonse Muthoka

SS2-6CAD/Field

Test/Instrumentation Expert5.78

SS2-4Systems Analyst/ICT Specialist

6.46

SS2-5 Materials Technologist

Sylvester Kotheki

Kenneth Wambugu

Leonard Ngigi

3.66

SS1-2 Senior Geoscientist 7.99

6.53

SS1-1Assistant Research Engineer

7.48Eng. Sirmoi Wekesa

Joram Okado Mukabi

Kihuha Ng'ang'a

PS1

Inde

x

Position/ Task

Tot

al

M/M

onth

s2011 - 2012

7 14

5 6 7 8 93 4

7 14

5.14

Geotechnical Engineer/Team Leader

6.97

Highway/Materials Engineer

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Chapter 7 Overview of Key Personnel

7.1 Curriculum Vitae (CV) for Proposed Professional Staff

Curriculum Vitae (CV) for Lead Consultant

1. Proposed Position: Lead Consultant

2. Name of Firm: Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

3. Name of Staff: John Ngaya MUKABI

4. Date of Birth: 12th September 1959 Nationality: Kenyan

5. Education:

Ph.D in Geotechnical Engineering, Post Graduate School of Civil Engineering, The University of

Tokyo, Japan – April 1991 ~ March 1995

MSc. in Geotechnical Engineering, Post Graduate School of Civil Engineering, The University of

Tokyo, Japan – April 1989 ~ March 1991

BSc. (Hons) in Civil Engineering, Department of Civil & Marine Engineering, Yokohama

National University, Japan - April 1985 ~ March 1989

6. Membership of Professional Associations:

MISSMGE (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL

ENGINEERING)

MAIPE (MEMBER ADVISOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL PANEL OF ENGINEERS)

MEGEP (MEMBER OF THE SPECIAL RESEARCH AND EXECUTIVE WORKING GROUP OF THE EUROPEAN

GEOGRIDS EXPERTS PANEL)

MASCE ( MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS)

MTCISSMGE (MEMBER OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL

MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING)

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MRCARSSMGE (MEMBER OF THE RESEARCH COMMITTEE OF THE AFRICAN REGION - INTERNATIONAL

SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING)

MIAEG (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

CMWRA (CORPORATE MEMBER OF THE WORLD ROAD ASSOCIATION)

CMWRF (CORPORATE MEMBER OF THE WORLD ROAD FEDERATION)

MJGS (MEMBER OF THE JAPAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY)

MJSCE (MEMBER OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS)

MCKGS (FOUNDER MEMBER AND PRESIDENT OF THE KENYA GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY)

MAFACE (MEMBER ADVISOR TO THE ETHIOPIAN ASSOCIATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS)

PRMWASET (PEER REVIEW MEMBER OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY)

MIEEE (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ASSOCIATION)

MIECE (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS)

7. Other Training:

Project Development and Master Planning – Projecting The Yokohama Minato Mirai (MM21)

21st Century Futuristic City Development Project, The Yokohama City Development Authority,

Japan, August 1989 ~ August 1989.

Developing Models for Systematic Urban Planning and Development, State Development

Authority, Denver, USA, May 1989 ~ May 1989.

Design & Construction Utilizing New Materials in Civil Engineering Adoption of Fly Ash as a

Land Reclamation Material, Kansai Electric Power, Japan, September 1989 ~ September 1989.

Research & Development in Shield Tunneling, Under Sea Tunneling for the Tokyo Bay Project,

The Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway Corporation, Ministry of Construction, Japan, March 1990 ~

April 1990.

Transport Infrastructure and Urbanization, Hong Kong City Development Authority, Hong

Kong, June 1990 ~ June 1990.

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Contract Administration in Civil Engineering Practice, The Honshu Shikoku Bridge Authority,

Government of Japan, June 1990 ~ September 1990.

Research Orientation, Development and Benefits in Geotechnical Engineering, The Port &

Harbour Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Japan, June 1991 ~ August 1991.

Enhancing Research on the Development of Geotechnical Engineering Aspects of Man-made

Islands and Land Reclamation, The New Kansai International Airport, The Port & Harbour

Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Japan, July 1992 ~ August 1992.

Modeling Geotechnical Engineering and Geological Problems in Offshore Ground Settlement,

The New Kansai International Airport, Osaka City Authority and The Port & Harbour Research

Institute, Ministry of Transport, Japan, March 1993 ~ April 1993.

Flood Control within Urbanized Developments, The Kandagawa Flood Control Project, Taisei

Corporation, Japan, July 1993 ~ July 1993.

Developing Ground Improvement Aspects in Geotechnical Engineering, Ground Improvement

in Ariake, Kyushuu for Rail Road Design and Construction, Ariake Geotechnical Research

Group, Kyushuu Prefecture, Japan, March 1994 ~ April 1994

Project Management Practice in Civil Engineering, the Japan International Cooperation

Agency (JICA), Government of Japan, June 1994 ~ August 1994.

Disaster Mitigation in Civil Engineering, Reconstruction Planning in Kobe City due the

Structural Damage caused by the Great Kansai Earthquake, KOBENET, Kobe Prefecture,

Japan, March 1995 ~ March 1995.

8. Countries of Work Experience: Particularly in Ethiopia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda,

Burundi, South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya and the European, African and Asian Regions in general.

9. Languages: English, Japanese, Kiswahili and Native Language

10. Employment Record:

S/N Employer Year Positions Held

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From To

1. Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited 2004 to date CEO/Chief Technical Advisor (CTA)

2. Katahira & Engineers International 2005 2007 Asst. Managing Director, Africa Region/CTA

3. Createch Construction & Management Consultants

2003 2006 Chairman

4. Construction Project Consultants Inc. 1998 2004 Asst. General Manager/Projects

Manager and CTA, East & Central African Region

5. Mpata Investments Limited 1995 1998 Managing Director 6. Mpata International, Japan 1995 2000 Chairman’s Rep. for

Africa Region

11. Detailed Tasks

Assigned:

Management of all Tasks in

general; and,

Liaison with Chief

Engineer (Materials)

Advancing Research in

Geomaterials,

Geosynthetics & RE

Geostructures

Design of Research &

Testing Regimes

Design of Trial sections

Development of

Evaluation and

Monitoring Procedures,

Systems and Programmes

12. Work Undertaken that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the Tasks:

(1) Name of Assignment or Project: Reconstruction of Original Pavements of Isiolo Airport Year: October 2010 ~ On going Location: Isiolo/Meru Counties, Eastern State Client: Kenya Airports Authority, Ministry of Transport Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Hydro-geological Study, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pavement Structures, Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Technical Advisor/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design, Led and Supervised Study Team

(2) Name of Assignment or Project: White Nile Oil Exploration Project in Southern Sudan

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Development of

Appropriate and Unique

Design Procedures,

Methods of Construction

and Quality Control

Systems

Development of Special

Specifications

Overall Technical

Approach, Coordination

and Implementation

Methodology

Overall Organization of

Study

Overall Presentation and

Reporting

Year: March 2007 ~ November 2007 Location: Jonglei Flood Plains, Southern Sudan Client: White Nile Oil Exploration Corporation and the Government of Southern Sudan Main Features: Project Conceptualization, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pad Foundations for Oil Drilling Rigs, Embankments and Pavement Structures for Access Roads & Airstrip Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Technical Advisor/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Countermeasures to Lack of Suitable Road Construction Materials, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design, Led and Supervised Study Team (3) Name of Assignment or Project: Design of Reinforced Earth Structures with Slope Protection Applying the Terre Armee Method for the Tana Basin Development Project – Phase II Year: June 2000 ~ November 2000 Location: Malindi ~ Garissa, Kenya Client: Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC)/Office of the President, Government of Kenya Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Terre Armee Earth Reinforcement Method, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Reinforced Earth Embanked Structures and Reinforced Earth Bridge Abutments, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Geotechnical & Highway Engineer Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures for , Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Reinforced Earth Embanked Structures and Reinforced Earth Bridge Abutments

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(4) Name of Assignment or Project: Juba River Port Access Road Detailed Design and Construction Supervision Project Year: October 2006 ~ September 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency through Katahira & Engineers International/Urban Tone Cooperation Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision, Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Technical Advisor/Project Director Activities Performed: Overall Project Management, Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Countermeasures to Lack of Suitable Road Construction Materials, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design

(5) Name of Assignment or Project: Emergency Study on Planning and Support for Basic Physical and Social Infrastructure in Juba Town and the Surrounding Areas Year: January 2006 ~ March 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Government of Japan Main Features: Feasibility Studies on Physical Infrastructure, Water Supply and Community Based Development, Development of River Port, Road Pavement and Water Supply Pilot Projects, Establishing Juba City Development Strategy and Master Plan, Preparation of Maintenance Plan for the Pilot Projects Position(s) Held: Chief Technical Advisor/Chief Project Coordnator/Research Team Leader/Chief Materials Pavement & Geotechnical Engineer Activities Performed: Responsible for Advising and Assisting Project Team Leader, Led the Research & Development Team, Designed the Methodologies, Work Plans and Implementation

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Programmes of the Project

(6) Name of Assignment or Project: Consultancy Work Supervision of Emergency Road Repairs in Southern Sudan – Phase 3, Wau ~ Abyei Road, Causeway & Bridge Project Year: November 2006 ~ July 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: UN –World Food Programme (WFP) Main Features: Feasibility Study, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision, Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant, Project Manager/Chief Materials, Pavement & Highway Engineer/Research Team Leader Activities Performed: Overall Project Management, Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Countermeasures to Lack of Suitable Road Construction Materials, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design

(7) Name of Assignment or Project: Detailed Engineering Design and Construction Supervision of the Addis Ababa ~ Goha Tsion Trunk Road Project – Phases II - IV Year: December 2002 ~ March 2005 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia Main Features: Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Research Team Leader/Chief Technical Advisor/Resident Engineer/Chief Geotechnical & Highway Engineer Activities Performed: Overall Contract Administration and Project Management, Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for

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Problematic Black Cotton Soils, Development of Unique Pavement Structural Designs, Research into Cost-effective Countermeasures to Slope Stability, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design and Bridge Foundations (8) Name of Assignment or Project: Study of the Enhancement of Structural Capacity and Serviceability Level of the Addis Ababa ~ Goha Tsion Trunk Road Project Year: March 2003 ~ April 2004 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Enhancement of Serviceability, Structural capacity and Traffic Safety Levels due to Exponential Increase in Oil Transport Traffic Volume Position(s) Held: Lead Geotechnical Engineering and Highway Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed Innovative Research & Testing Regimes, Established Pragmatic Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes, In-charge of Overall Supervision of the Project and Led the Study Team

(9) Name of Assignment or Project: Post-Construction Project Evaluation and Preparation of Consultancy and Contract Completion Reports for the Addis Ababa Year: January 2005 ~ February 2006 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Engineering and Financial Requirements Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic

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Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design, Established Pragmatic Monitoring & Evaluation of Road Pavements, Embankments and Slope Stability

(10) Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study of Engineering Design for the Upgrading and Expansion of the Gimbothaya International Airport and Access Road in Bahir Dar Year: May 2004 ~ September 2004 Location: Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Client: Office of the Prime Minister, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Engineering and Financial Requirements Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed Innovative Research & Testing Regimes, In-charge of Overall Supervision of the Project and Led the Study Team

(11) Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study and Preliminary Engineering Design of the Upgrading project of the Holeta ~ Muger Road Year: May 2004 ~ February 2005 Location: Nekemta, Ambo, Ethiopia Client: Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Engineering and Financial Requirements Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design, Established Pragmatic Monitoring & Evaluation of Road Pavements, Embankments and Slope Stability

(12)

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Name of Assignment or Project: Ntare ~ Ruhatsi Boulevard Project for Pavement Rehabilitation on City Roads, Bujumbura Year: September 2007 ~ May 2008 Location: Bujumbura, Burundi Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan, Ministry of Roads, Government of the Republic of Burundi Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design

(13) Name of Assignment or Project: Mbeya ~ Lwanjilo-Makongolosi Trunk Road Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project Year: April 2008 ~ February 2009 Location: Mbeya, Tanzania Client: Tanzania Roads Authority (TANROADS), Government of the United of Tanzania Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Geotechnical Engineer Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design

(14)

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Name of Assignment or Project: Construction of Songwe Airport Pavements and Buildings in Mbeya Year: April 2008 ~ February 2009 Location: Mbeya, Tanzania Client: BADEA and OPEC/Tanzania Airports Authority, Government of the United of Tanzania Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Geotechnical Engineer Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design

(15) Name of Assignment or Project: Emergency Rehabilitation Works in Juba (ERW) – Construction, Rehabilitation and Upgrading of LOT 1 Roads in Juba, Southern Sudan Year: October 2008 ~ August 2009 Location: Juba, Southern Sudan Client: World Bank/Ministry of Roads & Bridges, Government of Southern Sudan Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Geotechnical & Highway Engineer Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design

(16) Name of Assignment or Project: The Trans-Tokyo Bay

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Highway Development Project Year: March 1989 ~ March 1991 Location: Tokyo ~ Chiba, Japan Client: Ministry of Construction, Government of Japan Main Features: Construction of Man-made Islands, Bridges and Under-sea Tunnels Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems

(17) Name of Assignment or Project: Ground Improvement in Ariake, Kyushuu for Rail Road Construction Year: June 1994 ~ March 1995 Location: Ariake, Kyushuu Prefecture, Japan Client: Ministry of Construction, Government of Japan Main Features: Ground Improvement Design and Construction Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems

(18) Name of Assignment or Project: The Kandagawa Flood Control Project Year: April 1993 ~ March 1995 Location: Suginami Ward , Tokyo, Japan Client: Ministry of Construction, Government of Japan Main Features: Design and Construction of Large Shaft to Drain Water and Control Flooding Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate

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Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems

(19) Name of Assignment or Project: Water Front Development, Reclamation and Ground Settlement Associated Problems of the New Kansai International Airport Year: June 1991 ~ June 1994 Location: Osaka , Japan Client: The Port and Harbour Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Government of Japan Main Features: Development of Appropriate Geotechnical Engineering Solutions Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development of Value Engineering Based Countermeasures and Geotechnical Engineering Solutions, and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems (20) Name of Assignment or Project: The OAP ( Osaka Amenity Park) Project for Skyscraper Buildings, Infrastructure & Amenity Parks Year: April 1992 ~ March 1995 Location: Osaka , Japan Client: Osaka City Authority, Ministry of Local Government, Government of Japan Main Features: Development of Appropriate Geotechnical Engineering Solutions for Foundation and Pavement Design and Construction Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development of Value Engineering Based Geotechnical Engineering Solutions, and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems

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13. Certification:

I, the undersigned, certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief, this CV correctly describes

myself, my qualifications, and my experience. I understand that any willful misstatement described

herein may lead to my disqualification or dismissal, if engaged.

Date: 5th/December/2011 Day/Month/Year

Full name of authorized representative: Dr. Eng. John Ngaya Mukabi

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Curriculum Vitae (CV) for Highways/Materials Engineer

14. Proposed Position: Highways/Materials Engineer


16. Name of Staff: Petterson Njoroge KABBIA

17. Date of Birth: 31st August 1955 Nationality: Kenyan

18. Education:

BSc. in Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nairobi, – December,

1979


REGISTEREDGRADUATE ENGINEER (ENGINEERS REGISTRATION BOARD)

MCKGS (MEMBER OF THE KENYA GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY)

MIEK (MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS OF KENYA)

20. Other Training:

Geotechnical Site Investigation and Testing Materials Testing and Research Department

(MTRD), Nairobi, Kenya, 1989.

Asphalt Testing and Design for Roads and Airports Pavement; New Testing Methods and

Equipment for Longer Lasting Pavements, MTRD, Nairobi, Kenya, 1994.

21. Countries of Work Experience: Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania, Burundi.

22. Languages: English, Kiswahili and Native Language


S/N Employer Year

From To

Positions Held

1. Pepea Company Limited 2008 to date Director

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2. Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited 2006 to date Highways/Materials and Construction Consulting

Engineer 3.. Kirinyaga Construction (K) Ltd 2005 2008 Site Agent

4. S.S Mehta & Sons 2001 2005 Site Agent

4. DMK Construction 1997 1999 Site Agent

5. Mpata Investments Limited 1992 1995 Maintenance & Procurement Manager

6. Diamond Construction (K) Ltd. 1984 1992 Site Agent

7. Ngangaige Enterprises Building and Civil Engineering Contractors

1983 1984 Design & Supervision Engineer

8. Mowlem Construction Co. Ltd 1979 1983 Section Engineer

24. Detailed Tasks

Assigned:

Management of Pavements,

Materials and Construction

Related Tasks in general;

and,

Pavement Structural

Design

Assisting in Research in

Geomaterials,

Geosynthetics & RE

Geostructures

Development of Methods

of Construction

Supervision of

Construction of Trial

sections


(1) Name of Assignment or Project: Reconstruction of Original Pavements of Isiolo Airport Year: October 2010 ~ On going Location: Isiolo/Meru Counties, Eastern State Client: Kenya Airports Authority, Ministry of Transport Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Hydro-geological Study, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pavement Structures, Position(s) Held: Materials and Construction Supervision Engineer Activities Performed: Undertook Research & Materials Testing, Assisted in the Development of Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems.

(2) Name of Assignment or Project: White Nile Oil Exploration Project in Southern Sudan Year: March 2007 ~ November 2007 Location: Jonglei Flood Plains, Southern Sudan Client: White Nile Oil Exploration Corporation and the

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Performance Evaluation

and Monitoring of Trial

Sections

Implementation of

Design Procedures,


and Quality Control

Systems

Interpretation and

Implementation of

Special Specifications

Government of Southern Sudan Main Features: Project Conceptualization, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pad Foundations for Oil Drilling Rigs, Embankments and Pavement Structures for Access Roads & Airstrip Position(s) Held: Materials and Construction Supervision Engineer Activities Performed: Undertook Research & Materials Testing, Assisted in the Development of Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control (3) Name of Assignment or Project: Design of Reinforced Earth Structures with Slope Protection Applying the Terre Armee Method for the Tana Basin Development Project – Phase II Year: June 2000 ~ November 2000 Location: Malindi ~ Garissa, Kenya Client: Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC)/Office of the President, Government of Kenya Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Terre Armee Earth Reinforcement Method, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Reinforced Earth Embanked Structures and Reinforced Earth Bridge Abutments, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Materials and Construction Supervision Engineer Activities Performed: Undertook Research & Materials Testing, Assisted in the Development of Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control (4) Name of Assignment or Project: Juba River Port Access Road Detailed Design and Construction Supervision Project Year: October 2006 ~ September 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency through Katahira & Engineers International/Urban Tone Cooperation Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision,

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Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Position(s) Held: Materials and Construction Supervision Engineer Activities Performed: Undertook Research & Materials Testing, Assisted in the Development of Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control (5) Name of Assignment or Project: Emergency Study on Planning and Support for Basic Physical and Social Infrastructure in Juba Town and the Surrounding Areas Year: January 2006 ~ March 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Government of Japan Main Features: Feasibility Studies on Physical Infrastructure, Water Supply and Community Based Development, Development of River Port, Road Pavement and Water Supply Pilot Projects, Establishing Juba City Development Strategy and Master Plan, Preparation of Maintenance Plan for the Pilot Projects Position(s) Held: Materials and Construction Supervision Engineer Activities Performed: Undertook Research & Materials Testing, Assisted in the Development of Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control

(6) Name of Assignment or Project: Consultancy Work Supervision of Emergency Road Repairs in Southern Sudan – Phase 3, Wau ~ Abyei Road, Causeway & Bridge Project Year: November 2006 ~ July 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: UN –World Food Programme (WFP) Main Features: Feasibility Study, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision, Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Position(s) Held: : Materials and Construction Supervision Engineer Activities Performed: Undertook Research & Materials

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Testing, Assisted in the Development of Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control (7) Name of Assignment or Project: Detailed Engineering Design and Construction Supervision of the Addis Ababa ~ Goha Tsion Trunk Road Project – Phases II - IV Year: December 2002 ~ March 2005 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia Main Features: Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Materials and Construction Supervision Engineer Activities Performed: Undertook Research & Materials Testing, Assisted in the Development of Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control (8) Name of Assignment or Project: Study of the Enhancement of Structural Capacity and Serviceability Level of the Addis Ababa ~ Goha Tsion Trunk Road Project Year: March 2003 ~ April 2004 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Enhancement of Serviceability, Structural capacity and Traffic Safety Levels due to Exponential Increase in Oil Transport Traffic Volume Position(s) Held: Materials and Construction Supervision Engineer Activities Performed: Undertook Research & Materials Testing, Assisted in the Development of Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control

(9) Name of Assignment or Project: Post-Construction Project Evaluation and Preparation of Consultancy and Contract Completion Reports for the Addis Ababa

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Year: January 2005 ~ February 2006 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Engineering and Financial Requirements Position(s) Held: Materials and Construction Supervision Engineer Activities Performed: Undertook Research & Materials Testing, Assisted in the Development of Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control

26. Certification:




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Date:

5th/December/2011

Day/Month/Year


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Curriculum Vitae (CV) for Research Scientist

27. Proposed Position: Research Scientist


29. Name of Staff: Kihuha Waweru Nga’ng’a

30. Date of Birth: 20th July 1957 Nationality: Kenyan

31. Education:

MSc. in Engineering Geology, Graduate Society, University of Durham, United Kingdom,

December, 1990

BSc. in Geology, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, –

December, 1981


REGISTERED GEOLOGIST (GEOLOGIST REGISTRATION BOARD)

MCKGS (MEMBER OF THE KENYA GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY)

MIEK (MEMBER OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KENYA)

33. Other Training:

Remote Sensing for Natural Resources Management, RCMRD, Nairobi.

GPS for Data Collection and Mapping, PolyGIS, Kenya Polytechnic, Nairobi.

Proficiency in AutoCAD, PolyCASE, Kenya Polytechnic, Nairobi.

Proficiency in GIS, PolyGIS, Kenya Polytechnic, Nairobi.

34. Countries of Work Experience: United Kingdom, Kenya



S/N Employer Year Positions Held

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From To

1. BPC & Engineering Services 2005 to date Lead Geotechnical Consultant and

Hydrogeo-physcist 2. Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited 2006 to date Geological Engineering

Consultant 3. Egerton University 2005 to date Part Time Lecturer

4. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology

1999 2005 Lecturer in Geology, Soil Mechanics, Foundation

and Geotechnical Engineering

5. Kenya Polytechnic 1989 2001 Senior Lecturer in Soil mechanics and

Foundation Engineering 6. Kenya Polytechnic 1986 1989 Geology, Soil Mechanics

and Foundation Engineering

7. Aqua Field Consultants 1986 to date Principal Consulting Engineering

Geologist/Hydrogeologist

37. Detailed Tasks

Assigned:

Scientific Analysis of

Geomaterials, Geosynthetic-

Soil Particle Characterization

Related Tasks in general;

and,

Composite Pavement

Structural Analysis

Assisting in Research in

Geomaterials,

Geosynthetics & RE


(1) Name of Assignment or Project: Reconstruction of Original Pavements of Isiolo Airport Year: October 2010 ~ On going Location: Isiolo/Meru Counties, Eastern State Client: Kenya Airports Authority, Ministry of Transport Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Hydro-geological Study, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pavement Structures, Position(s) Held: Research Scientist & Engineering Geologist Activities Performed: Undertook Research in Geomaterials, Geological Science and Formation, Soil Mechanics Analysis, Geophysical and Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Pavement Structural Analysis and Hydrogeological &

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Geostructures

Development of Scientific

Theories and Geo-

engineering Concepts of

Soil Particle-

Geosynthetics Interaction

Environmental Impact Assessment

(2) Name of Assignment or Project: White Nile Oil Exploration Project in Southern Sudan Year: March 2007 ~ November 2007 Location: Jonglei Flood Plains, Southern Sudan Client: White Nile Oil Exploration Corporation and the Government of Southern Sudan Main Features: Project Conceptualization, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pad Foundations for Oil Drilling Rigs, Embankments and Pavement Structures for Access Roads & Airstrip Position(s) Held: Research Scientist & Engineering Geologist Activities Performed: Undertook Research in Geomaterials, Geological Science and Formation, Soil Mechanics Analysis, Geophysical and Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Pavement Structural Analysis and Hydrogeological & Environmental Impact Assessment (3) Name of Assignment or Project: Design of Reinforced Earth Structures with Slope Protection Applying the Terre Armee Method for the Tana Basin Development Project – Phase II Year: June 2000 ~ November 2000 Location: Malindi ~ Garissa, Kenya Client: Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC)/Office of the President, Government of Kenya Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Terre Armee Earth Reinforcement Method, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Reinforced Earth Embanked Structures and Reinforced Earth Bridge Abutments, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Research Scientist & Engineering Geologist Activities Performed: Undertook Research in Geomaterials, Geological Science and Formation, Soil Mechanics Analysis, Geophysical and Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Pavement Structural Analysis and Hydrogeological & Environmental Impact Assessment (4)

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Name of Assignment or Project: Juba River Port Access Road Detailed Design and Construction Supervision Project Year: October 2006 ~ September 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency through Katahira & Engineers International/Urban Tone Cooperation Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision, Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Position(s) Held: Research Scientist & Engineering Geologist Activities Performed: Undertook Research in Geomaterials, Geological Science and Formation, Soil Mechanics Analysis, Geophysical and Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Pavement Structural Analysis and Hydrogeological & Environmental Impact Assessment (5) Name of Assignment or Project: Emergency Study on Planning and Support for Basic Physical and Social Infrastructure in Juba Town and the Surrounding Areas Year: January 2006 ~ March 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Government of Japan Main Features: Feasibility Studies on Physical Infrastructure, Water Supply and Community Based Development, Development of River Port, Road Pavement and Water Supply Pilot Projects, Establishing Juba City Development Strategy and Master Plan, Preparation of Maintenance Plan for the Pilot Projects Position(s) Held: Research Scientist & Engineering Geologist Activities Performed: Undertook Research in Geomaterials, Geological Science and Formation, Soil Mechanics Analysis, Geophysical and Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Pavement Structural Analysis and Hydrogeological & Environmental Impact Assessment

(6) Name of Assignment or Project: Consultancy Work Supervision of Emergency Road Repairs in Southern Sudan – Phase 3, Wau ~ Abyei Road, Causeway & Bridge Project

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Year: November 2006 ~ July 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: UN –World Food Programme (WFP) Main Features: Feasibility Study, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision, Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Position(s) Held: : Research Scientist & Engineering Geologist Activities Performed: Undertook Research in Geomaterials, Geological Science and Formation, Soil Mechanics Analysis, Geophysical and Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Pavement Structural Analysis and Hydrogeological & Environmental Impact Assessment (7) Name of Assignment or Project: Detailed Engineering Design and Construction Supervision of the Addis Ababa ~ Goha Tsion Trunk Road Project – Phases II - IV Year: December 2002 ~ March 2005 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia Main Features: Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Research Scientist & Engineering Geologist Activities Performed: Undertook Research in Geomaterials, Geological Science and Formation, Soil Mechanics Analysis, Geophysical and Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Pavement Structural Analysis and Hydrogeological & Environmental Impact Assessment (8) Name of Assignment or Project: Study of the Enhancement of Structural Capacity and Serviceability Level of the Addis Ababa ~ Goha Tsion Trunk Road Project Year: March 2003 ~ April 2004 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia

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Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Enhancement of Serviceability, Structural capacity and Traffic Safety Levels due to Exponential Increase in Oil Transport Traffic Volume Position(s) Held: Research Scientist & Engineering Geologist Activities Performed: Undertook Research in Geomaterials, Geological Science and Formation, Soil Mechanics Analysis, Geophysical and Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Pavement Structural Analysis and Hydrogeological & Environmental Impact Assessment

(9) Name of Assignment or Project: Post-Construction Project Evaluation and Preparation of Consultancy and Contract Completion Reports for the Addis Ababa Year: January 2005 ~ February 2006 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Engineering and Financial Requirements Position(s) Held: Research Scientist & Engineering Geologist Activities Performed: Undertook Research in Geomaterials, Geological Science and Formation, Soil Mechanics Analysis, Geophysical and Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Pavement Structural Analysis and Hydrogeological & Environmental Impact Assessment

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39. Certification:




Date: 5th/December/2011 Day/Month/Year


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Curriculum Vitae (CV) for Senior Materials Technologist

1. Proposed Position: Senior Materials Technologist


3. Name of Staff: Julius J.B. Ogalo

4. Date of Birth: 25th December 1958 Nationality: Kenyan

5. Education:

HDip. in Construction (Highway Engineering), Mombasa Polytechnic, 1989 ~ 1991.

ODip. in Civil Engineering, Kenya Polytechnic, 1980 ~ 1984


Registered Graduate Technician Engineer (Reg. No. C714), Engineers Registration Board

(ERB), Kenya.

MKGS (Member of the Kenya Geotechnical Society)

7. Other Training:

Geotechnical Site Investigation and Testing Materials Testing and Research Department

(MTRD), Nairobi, Kenya, 1989.

Asphalt Testing and Design for Roads and Airports Pavement; New Testing Methods and

Equipment for Longer Lasting Pavements, MTRD, Nairobi, Kenya, 1994.

Computer Aided Design (CAD) software for Gotechnical modeling – Seepage Analysis and

Slope Stability, University of Nairobi, Kenya, 1998

8. Countries of Work Experience: Kenya, Rwanda, Zambia and Zanzibar


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S/N Employer Year

From To

Positions Held

1. University of Nairobi, Department of Civil

& Construction Engineering

2007 to date Chief Technologist

2. Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited 2007 to date Chief Materials

Technological Consultant

3. Cas Consultants 2005 2007 Snr. Materials Technologist

4. China Wu Yi 2005 2005 Snr. Materials Technologist

5. Apec Consultants 2004 2004 Snr. Materials Technologist

6. Ministry of Local Government 1998 2004 Snr. Materials Technologist

7. Ministry of Roads & Public Works,

Materials Testing & Research Department

1994 1998 Materials Technologist

8. Transport & Road Research Laboratories,

TRRL (UK) and Norwegian Road

Research Laboratories (NRL)

1987 1988 Materials Technologist

9. Sir Alexander Gibb and Partner 1985 1987 Materials Technologist

11. Detailed Tasks

Assigned:

Overall Supervision of

Materials Testing,

Instrumentation, Testing

Equipment and Related

Tasks in general; and,


(1) Name of Assignment or Project: Reconstruction of Original Pavements of Isiolo Airport Year: October 2010 ~ On going Location: Isiolo/Meru Counties, Eastern State Client: Kenya Airports Authority, Ministry of Transport Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Hydro-geological Study, Basic & Detailed Design Studies,

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Pavement and

Embankment Materials

Testing and Evaluation

Calibration and

Verification of Testing

Equipment and

Instruments

Assisting in Development

of Methods of Testing

Assisting in the

Supervision of

Construction of Trial

sections

Assisting in the

Performance Evaluation

and Monitoring of Trial

Sections

Materials Quality Control

Field Testing and Ground

Geomaterial Assessment

Design of Trial Sections, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pavement Structures, Position(s) Held: Snr. Materials Technologist Activities Performed: Undertook Field and Laboratory Materials Testing, Assisted in Pavement Materials Analysis and Characterization, Calibration and Verification of Testing Equipment and Materials Quality control.

(2) Name of Assignment or Project: White Nile Oil Exploration Project in Southern Sudan Year: March 2007 ~ November 2007 Location: Jonglei Flood Plains, Southern Sudan Client: White Nile Oil Exploration Corporation and the Government of Southern Sudan Main Features: Project Conceptualization, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pad Foundations for Oil Drilling Rigs, Embankments and Pavement Structures for Access Roads & Airstrip Position(s) Held: Snr. Materials Technologist Activities Performed: Undertook Field and Laboratory Materials Testing, Assisted in Pavement Materials Analysis and Characterization, Calibration and Verification of Testing Equipment, Assisted in Monitoring and Evaluation of the Pavement Structural Performance and Materials Quality control. (3) Name of Assignment or Project: Design of Reinforced Earth Structures with Slope Protection Applying the Terre Armee Method for the Tana Basin Development Project – Phase II Year: June 2000 ~ November 2000 Location: Malindi ~ Garissa, Kenya Client: Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC)/Office of the President, Government of Kenya Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Terre Armee Earth Reinforcement Method, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Reinforced Earth Embanked Structures and Reinforced Earth Bridge Abutments, Construction Supervision Performed: Undertook Field and Laboratory Materials

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Testing, Assisted in Pavement Materials Analysis and Characterization, Calibration and Verification of Testing Equipment, Assisted in Monitoring and Evaluation of the Pavement Structural Performance and Materials Quality control. (4) Name of Assignment or Project: Juba River Port Access Road Detailed Design and Construction Supervision Project Year: October 2006 ~ September 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency through Katahira & Engineers International/Urban Tone Cooperation Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision, Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Performed: Undertook Field and Laboratory Materials Testing, Assisted in Pavement Materials Analysis and Characterization, Calibration and Verification of Testing Equipment, Assisted in Monitoring and Evaluation of the Pavement Structural Performance and Materials Quality control. (5) Name of Assignment or Project: Emergency Study on Planning and Support for Basic Physical and Social Infrastructure in Juba Town and the Surrounding Areas Year: January 2006 ~ March 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Government of Japan Main Features: Feasibility Studies on Physical Infrastructure, Water Supply and Community Based Development, Development of River Port, Road Pavement and Water Supply Pilot Projects, Establishing Juba City Development Strategy and Master Plan, Preparation of Maintenance Plan for the Pilot Projects Performed: Undertook Field and Laboratory Materials Testing, Assisted in Pavement Materials Analysis and Characterization, Calibration and Verification of Testing Equipment, Assisted in Monitoring and Evaluation of the

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Pavement Structural Performance and Materials Quality control.

(6) Name of Assignment or Project: Consultancy Work Supervision of Emergency Road Repairs in Southern Sudan – Phase 3, Wau ~ Abyei Road, Causeway & Bridge Project Year: November 2006 ~ July 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: UN –World Food Programme (WFP) Main Features: Feasibility Study, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision, Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Performed: Field and Laboratory Materials Testing.

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Attachments A1 Vital Documents




A1.4 Certified Copies of Certificates and Testimonials of Proposed Key Staff



A2.2 Tender Notice No.1







A3.6 Figure 6.3 Proposed Professional Staff and Support Staff Assignment Schedule

A4 Example of Method of Geosynthetically Reinforced Pavement Structural Design (4.6.6)


A6 Example of Innovatively Developed Quality Control Procedures (4.6.8)

A7 Example of Performance Monitoring & Evaluation (4.7)

A8 Example of Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems and Programmes (4.7.4)

A9 Example of Consultant’s Experience in Design of Geosynthetically Reinforced Geostructures

A10 Capacity Building (4.12)

A11 Environmental Impact (4.12)

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A1 Vital Documents


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A1 Vital Documents


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A1 Vital Documents


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1. Completed in February 2011, the Engineering study, Basic & Detailed Design

and Method of Construction including supervision for the reconstruction and

Rehabilitation of Gisambai ~ Mbale Road in Vihiga District

2. Completed 90% of the Rehabilitation/Reconstruction of selected roads and

storm water drains in Bomet Township and Erection of street lighting currently on-

going; to be completed by January 2012.

3. Completed the Engineering Study, Basic and Detailed Design for the

Reconstruction of Isiolo Airport Runway in Isiolo Town, Meru County of Eastern

Province in Kenya. Projected completion date; May 2012.

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A1 Vital Documents

A1.4 Certified Copies of Certificates and Testimonials of the Proposed Key Staff

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Enclosures:

1. CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF KENSETSU KAIHATSU LIMITED.

2. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE FOR KENSETSU KAIHATSU LIMITED.

3. TESTIMONIALS FOR PROFESSIONAL AND KEY SUPPORT STAFF.

4. REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL

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ATTACHMENT

A1: COVERING LETTER FOR TENDER NOTICE NO. 1

A. REPHRASE IN SUBJECT MATTER FOR STUDY TOPIC 1

1. Rephrase

Rephrase in the subject matter for Study Topic 1 has been noted accordingly. The change is:

FROM;

DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION & PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR GEOSYNTHETICS

REINFORCED MATERIALS FOR ROAD EMBANKMENTS AND PAVEMENTS

TO;

STUDIES ON GEOSYNTHETICS REINFORCED MATERIALS FOR ROAD EMBANKMENTS AND PAVEMENTS

2. Comment

The change is highly appreciated since it gives room for further investigations and studies within the

R&D framework as the Objectives are chronologically developed accordingly.

B. FURTHER SUGGESTION

Is it possible to rephrase the terminology GEOSYNTHETICS to GEOSYNTHETICALLY?

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A2: APPENDIX 1 – MINUTES OF THE PRE-PROPOSAL CONFERENCE HELD ON 9TH NOVEMBER, 2011 AT 10.00 a.m

AT MATERIALS DEPARTMENT CONFERENCE ROOM

A. AGENDA AND MINUTES

The contents of the Agenda and Minutes have been noted and ratified as the true and correct

proceedings of the PRE-PROPOSAL CONFERENCE HELD ON 9TH NOVEMBER, 2011 AT 10.00 a.m AT

MATERIALS DEPARTMENT CONFERENCE ROOM.

B. RESPONSE TO CLARIFICATION/COMMENTS

It is duly noted that the response to clarification and comments have been made by the Client in

APPENDIX 2 accordingly.

A3: APPENDIX 2 – TENDER ADDENDUM NO. 1

It is duly noted that the Request for Proposals is for Consultancy Services for:

1. Studies on Geosynthetic Reinforced Materials for Road Embankments and Pavements; and,

2. Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth Walls (Re-Walls) Along Nairobi - Thika Road (A2)

A. SUGGESTION FOR REPHRASE OF STUDY TOPIC 2

The phrasing of Study Topic 2 can be rather confusing. Is it possible to rephrase it as follows:

Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth Geo-structures and Retaining Walls (REG-RWs) Along

Nairobi-Thika Road (A2)

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Clarification in this form will alleviate any misconceptions and/or misunderstanding and avoid ambiguity

of the Particulars of the Assignment.

Furthermore, the terminology “Geo-structures” ensures that any kind of RE Geotechnical Structures

such as Bridge Abutments, Approach Embankments, etc., are all covered.

B. CHANGES/CLARIFICATIONS IN TENDER ADDENDUM NO. 1

The changes/clarifications that have been made in the RFP and reported in the TENDER ADDENDUM NO.

1 have been noted accordingly and will be incorporated in our response to the RFP to be submitted on

Wednesday, 7th December, 2011 as Technical and Financial Proposals.

C. CLARIFICATION OF CONTENTS IN Form F2: Summary of Costs

We wish to clarify that Total 1 in this Form 2 is the sub-total sum for Activity/Study No. 1 and 2 and that

the blank rows subsequent to the Study Topics, and preceding Total 1 DO NOT imply that contingencies

and V.A.T be charged for the two items as well.

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A2.2 Tender Notice No. 1

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TaskApproach

1 2 3 4 5 Reference

1.0

1.1 Client Archives Consultant's Archives Local Archives Regional Archives International Archives RFP/ TOR 3 a) I ~ iv

Garsen ~ Lamu Road

(B8/C112) & Garsen Bridge

Upgrading to dual

carriageway of Thika ~

Makutano Road (A2)

Reconstruction of Eldoret ~

Burnt Forest Road (A104)

Reconstruction of Webuye ~

Malaba Road (A104)

Develop Design Procedures Construction Specifications Quality Control Systems Recommendation on

appropriate Testing

Equipment for Geosynthtic

reinforcement

Develop Design Procedures Construction Specifications Quality Control Systems Further Research &

Recommendations on

Testing Equipment


500 metres


1 km


1 km


(D260)

1km

RFP/TOR 3.1 d)

1.5 Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road

(A104)

5km


(A104)

5km

Webuye ~ Malaba Road

(A104)

5km

RFP/ TOR 3.1 e)


500 metres


1 km


1 km


(D260)

1km

1.7Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road

(A104) - 5km

5km


(A104) - 5km

5km

Webuye~Malaba Road (A104) Sigalagala ~ Butere Road

(D260) - 1km

1km





from the Engineer

•Detailed Work

Programme for the

Contract

•Results &

Recommendations

All Supporting Material

•4 Copies •4 Copies •4 Copies

2.0

2.1 Client Archives Consultant's Archives Local Archives Regional Archives International Archives RFP/ TOR 3.2 a)


[Lot1] 3 Structures



Two (2) Structures


[Lot 3]: Two (2) StructuresRFP/ TOR 3.2 b)


[Lot1] 3 Structures



Two (2) Structures


[Lot 3]: Two (2) StructuresRFP/ TOR 3.2 c)


[Lot1] 3 Structures



Two (2) Structures


[Lot 3]: Two (2) Structures

RFP/ TOR 3.2 d)

2.5 City Arterial Connectors [Lot1] 3 StructuresMuthaiga Roundabout - Kenyatta University [Lot 2] : Two (2) StructuresKenyatta University - Thika [Lot 3]: Two (2) Structures RFP/ TOR 3.2 e)





from the Engineer

•Detailed Work

Programme for the

Contract

•Results &

Recommendations

All Supporting Material•4 Copies •4 Copies •4 Copies

Submission of Reports for 2.0 TOR 8 and 9 a ~ d /RFP3.1g2.6 Prepare Final Study Report

1.8 TOR 8 and 9 a ~ d /RFP 3.1g

Workshop for

Stakeholders to Discuss

Draft Final Report

Submission of Reports for 1.0 Prepare Final Study Report

Literature review RE Geostructures

Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth (RE) Geo-structures & Retaining Walls along Thika ~ Nairobi Highway (A2)

Studies on Geosynthetically reinforced Materials for road embankments and pavements

RFP/TOR 3.1 c)

RFP/ TOR 3.1 b)

Start






Reinforced DBM/AC

Trial 5 :Findings from 1.4

Trial 6 : Findings from 1.5

Consultation with MTRD and Liason with appropriate Stakeholders

RFP /TOR 3.1 f)

Literature review

Findings from 1.1

Condition surveys1.2

1.3

Findings from 1.2

Examination of Construction

Specifications and Records for RE Walls

Development of Procedures for Testing &

Evaluation of Completed Works,

Settlement on Embankment and Stability

Application of procedures in 2.3 to

Evaluate performance of the RE

Geostructures & Retaining Walls in

relation to the Design Assumptions

Design & Monitoring programme to

inform development of Standard

Construction Speifications

⑥

Structural Evaluation on Geosynthetics Trial sections

Literature review and condition surveys

Thika ~ Nairobi Road (A2)

Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments

Rehabilitation

Workshop for Stakeholders to

Discuss Draft Final

Report

Reconstruction

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Index PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 SS1 SS2 SS3 SS4 SS5 SS6 SS7 SS8

TitleLead

Consultant

Highway/

Materials

Engineer

Research

Scientist

Snr.

Materials

Technologist

Asst.

Research

Engineer

Senior Geo-

scientist

Senior Eng.

Geologist

Site

Engineer

Mechanical

Engineer

Systems

Analyst/ICT

Specialist

Materials

Technologis

t

CAD/Field

Test/Instru

men. Expert

NameDr. Eng. J.N.

Mukabi

Eng. P.K.

Njoroge

K.W.

Ng'ang'aJ.B. Ogalloh S.F. Wekesa J. Okado

K.W.

Ng'ang'aJ. Mosaria

Eng. A.

MuthokaS. Kotheki

K.G.

WambuguL. Ngig

A

•Submit Letter of Acceptance MS • Response Letter

•Prepare Preliminary Documents MS • RFP

•Prepare for Technical & Financial NegotiationsCorres-

pondence

• Technical Proposal

• Financial Proposal

•Review all Technical Documents related to

Assignment for Consultancy Services Library

•Suggested Ammendments

•Project Planning

•Assignment Planning

•Minutes of Meetings

•Confirm Availability of all Professional Staff

Logistics

•Composition of Team

•Structure of Team

•Organization Structure

3 Financial Negotiations ITC 6.3 •Review all Financial Documents related to

Assignment for Consultancy Services

Library

•Suggested Ammendments

•Minutes of the Public

Tender Openning

•Minutes of Negotiations

Meetings

4 Signing of Contract GC 2 •Signing of Contract AgreementAfter

negotiationLogistics

•Standard Forms of Contract

•Binding Contract

B

1 Commencement of Consulting

Services 14 Days after Order to

Commence

Data

Sheet 7.2

•Respond to Commencement Notice 14 days aft.

Order to

Commence

Data

Sheet 7.2

• Order to Commence

• Initiation of Assignment

2

3 Courtesy Calls to Client and Relevant

Stakeholders

Data

Sheet 1.4

b)

•Prepare Introductory Documents

•Initiate Meetings

Within 2

weeks after

Signing of

Contract

MS and

Logistics

•Approval/Facilit. by Client

•Preseentation of Study

Framework to Stakeholders

•Consultative Results

5 Reconnaissance CP Detailed Consultation with Client 4 Weeks Logistics Reconnaissance Results

C

4 TOR 7 a)

and TOR 8

a)

•Organize & set Date & Venue in consultation

with Client •Review Proposed Methodologies

for the Study •Review of Detailed Work

Programme for the Assignment

Within 4

Weeks

after Order

to

Commence

Logistics

&

Technical

Proposal

•Finalization of Inception

Report

•Approval of Study/Work

Programme

•Approval of Methodology

within 2

weeks after

Award of

Contract

ITC 6.2

Technical Negotiations2

Literature Review

Award of Contract1

Mobilization

Preliminaries

ITC 7

Orientation of Available Facilities GC -

Clause

5.3

•Make Inventory of Available Facilities

•Make Inventory of Available Services

•Identify Alternative Facilities and Services

•Consultation with Client on Above

2 Weeks

Logistics

and

Correspo

ndence

•Access to

Facilities/Services

•List of Facilities/Costs

•List of Services/Prices

Inception Meeting

Tools/

Mode

Applied

OutputsS/N Requirement Derived by ConsultantSection

Ref.Task for Services Duration

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TitleLead

Consultant

Highway/

Materials

Engineer

Research

Scientist

Snr.

Materials

Technologist

Asst.

Research

Engineer

Senior Geo-

scientist

Senior Eng.

Geologist

Site

Engineer

Mechanical

Engineer

Systems

Analyst/ICT

Specialist

Materials

Technologis

t

CAD/Field

Test/Instru

men. Expert

NameDr. Eng. J.N.

Mukabi

Eng. P.K.

Njoroge

K.W.


K.W.

Ng'ang'aJ. Mosaria

Eng. A.

MuthokaS. Kotheki

K.G.

WambuguL. Ngig

Tools/

Mode

Applied



C

1 Scientific & Engineering Theories,

Concepts & Principles of

Geosynthetics Reinforcement

TOR 3a)

7 Days

•Development of Relevant

Fundamental & Applicable

Theories & Concepts

2 Standards & Procedures for Testing

Chemical, Physical & Mechanical

Characteristics of Geosynthetics

TOR 3a)

9 Days

•Identify Shortcomings of

Existing Standards & Design

Manuals

3 Impact of Geometric Design

Characteristics of Geosynthetics

TOR 3a)6 Days

•Design Principles of Testing

& Research Regime

4 Impact of Geosynthetics on the

Environment

TOR 3a)4 Days

•Develop Corrective/

Enhancement Measures

5 Other Relevant Literature TOR 3a) 3 Days

D

1 Garsen ~ Lamu Road (B8/C112) &

Garsen Bridge

TOR 3b)2.5 Weeks Tool 2

2 Upgrading to dual carriageway of

Thika ~ Makutano Road (A2)


3 Reconstruction of Eldoret ~ Burnt

Forest Road (A104)


4 Reconstruction of Webuye ~ Malaba

Road (A104)


E

1 Develop Appropriate Methods of

Testing

4.6.3 •Derive and Analyze Response Factors for

Performance Parameters

•Determine Scale Effect

•Determine Loading and Deformation

•Design Modification Factors

14 Days Tool 4

•Testing Regime Report

•Appropriate Testing

Equipment Report

•Tailored Testing Methods

•Major Testing

Requirements

2 Develop Tailored and VE Based Design

Procedures

4.6.6 •Review the Comprehensive Method of Design

(CMD)

•Apply Findings from C and D to Develop Design

Principles and Philosophy

•Define and Depict Design Procedure

8 Days Tool 6

•CMD Design Review Report

•AppropriatePrinciples/Proc

edures Report

•Delineated VE Methods

3 Develop Efficient & Appropriate


4.6.7 •Establish Inventory of Available Construction

Equipment

•Review Design Parameters

•Determine Construction Factors and

Sequence

3 DaysTools 1, 6

& 9

•Report on Appropriate


•Appropriate Construction

Equipment Report

•Recommendations on

Sitable Methods of Construct

4 Develop Quality Control (QC) and

Assurance Sytems

4.6.8 •Correlate Test Results, Construction & Design

Requirements

•Develop QC Boundary Limits Based on

Material Characterization

•Develop QC Requirements for Environmental

& Construction

5 DaysTools 22,

21, 1 & 9

•Report on Appropriate QC

Methods

•Appropriate QC

Instrumentation &

Equipment Report

•Recommendations on QCM

5 Derive Preliminarily Applicable

Performance-Based General,

Standard & Particular Specifications

4.6.9 •Review and Correlate Findings from C, D and

E1~E4

•Carry Out Comprehensive Scientific &

Engineering Analysis

•Outline Performance-Based Specifications

18 DaysTools 10,

22 & 12

•Proposed Preliminary

Performance-Based

Specifications

F

Library,

Internet,

Technical

Forums

and

Correspo

ndence,

etc

•Mobilization Approval

•Facilitation of Mobilization

•Preliminary Mobilization

and Survey Methodology

Report

•Preliminary Test Result

Results and Performance

Review Report

•Logistics for Mobilization to Site

•General Assessment of Site Conditions

•Identification of Study Sections

•Engineering & Structural Evaluation of Distress

Conditions

•Analysis of Environmental Factors

•DT/NDT In-situ Testing

•Pavement Structural Evaluation

Literature Review

Procurement, Modification, Fabrication and Calibration of Field & Laborartory Testing Equipment &

Development of Appropriate Methods of Testing, Design and Construction [from C and D]

Condition Surveys of Previous Trial Sections (1987 ~ 2011)

•Identify & Source Relevant Literature

•Assign Review Teams According to Field of

Expertise

•Formulate Sequence of Review

•Correlate Review Results to Technical

Problems, Scientific & Engineering

Complexities that Curtail Research in

Geosynthetics Reinforced Geostructures

December 1, 2011




Road]



TitleLead

Consultant

Highway/

Materials

Engineer

Research

Scientist

Snr.

Materials

Technologist

Asst.

Research

Engineer

Senior Geo-

scientist

Senior Eng.

Geologist

Site

Engineer

Mechanical

Engineer

Systems

Analyst/ICT

Specialist

Materials

Technologis

t

CAD/Field

Test/Instru

men. Expert

NameDr. Eng. J.N.

Mukabi

Eng. P.K.

Njoroge

K.W.


K.W.

Ng'ang'aJ. Mosaria

Eng. A.

MuthokaS. Kotheki

K.G.

WambuguL. Ngig

Tools/

Mode

Applied



F

1 Recommend Appropriate Testing

Equipment for Geosynthetics

Reinforcement

TOR 3c)

6 Days Tool 5

•List of Recommended

Testing Equipment &

Instrumentation

2 Procure Appropriate Testing

Equipment for Geosynthetics

Reinforcement

4.6.4

32 Days Tool 1

•Procured Testing

Equipment

3 Modify Innovatively Testing

Equipment as per Conditions &

Necessity

4.6.4.4(1)

53 DaysTools 5, 4

& 18

•Modified Testing Equipment

4 Fabricate Innovatively Testing

Equipment as per Conditions &

Necessity

4.6.4.4(2)

37 DaysTools 1,18

& 15

•Fabricated Testing

Equipment

5 Calibration & Unification of

Equipment & Instruments

4.6.4.316 Days

Tools 1, 5,

4 & 18

•Well Calibrated & Unified

Testing Equipment

G

1 Review and Correlate Findings from C

and D

TOR 3e) •Carry out Comprehensive Analysis of Test

Results

•Evaluate Environmental Conditions and

Factors

8 DaysTools 22,

& 3

•Compilation of Findings

2 Apply Principles & Research Findings

from Analytical results of C & D

4.6.6 •Review and Apply Findings from C and D.3 Days Tool 22

•Procedures of Practical

Application of Findings

3 Modify Specifications Developed from

E.

4.6.9 •Review and Apply Findings from E.16 Days Tool 10

•Modified Specifications

4 Procure, Modify and/or Fabricate

Specialized Equipment Based on

Results from F.

4.6.4.4 •Review and Apply Findings from F.

42 Days Tool 5

•Newly Procured &

Recommended Equipment

5 Undertake Modified and Specialized

Lab and Scale Model Testing

4.6 •Design Modified and Specialized Testing

Regime with Reference to E1.63 Days Tool 4

•Application of Proposed

Methods of Testing

6 Carry Out Comprehensive Scientific

and Engineering Analysis

4.6.5 •Review and Apply Test results from E and F.15 Days Tool 22

•Comprehensive Analysis

Report

7 Derive Vital Geo-Engineering

Parameters for Design of Testing

Regime for Geosythetically reinforced

Embankments

4.6 ~ 4.8 •Review and Apply Scientific and Engineering

Findings from E and F.9 Days

Tools 18,

19 & 22

•Method and Procedures of

Testing Geosynthetically


H

Development of Special Specifications for Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments

Design of Trial Sections for Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments

Procurement, Modification, Fabrication and Calibration of Field & Laborartory Testing Equipment &

•Identify State of the Art Testing Equipment and

Instrument Manufacturers World wide

•Review Literature on Equipment

Manufacturing and Instrumentation

•Determine Limitations of Available

Equipment/ Instruments

•Determine factors & Components that

Require Modifications

Assess & Evaluate Equipment Fabrication

Capacity of Local Markets

•Assess & Evaluate Equipment Calibration

Capacity of Local Markets

•Establish & Follow Procurement Procedures

Develop and Adopt Modification Techniques &

December 1, 2011




Road]



TitleLead

Consultant

Highway/

Materials

Engineer

Research

Scientist

Snr.

Materials

Technologist

Asst.

Research

Engineer

Senior Geo-

scientist

Senior Eng.

Geologist

Site

Engineer

Mechanical

Engineer

Systems

Analyst/ICT

Specialist

Materials

Technologis

t

CAD/Field

Test/Instru

men. Expert

NameDr. Eng. J.N.

Mukabi

Eng. P.K.

Njoroge

K.W.


K.W.

Ng'ang'aJ. Mosaria

Eng. A.

MuthokaS. Kotheki

K.G.

WambuguL. Ngig

Tools/

Mode

Applied



H

1 Masalani Bridge Approaches TOR 3 d(i)1.5 Weeks Tool 2

2 Likoni ~ Shelly Beach TOR 3 d(ii)2 Weeks Tool 2

3 Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523) TOR 3

d(iii)1 Week Tool 4

4 Sigalagala ~ Butere Road (D260) TOR 3 d(iv)1.5 Weeks Tool 22

I

1 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Timboroa

Road (A104)

TOR 3 e(i)1.5 Weeks Tool 2

2 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Webuye

Road (A104)

TOR 3 e(ii)1.5 Weeks Tool 2

3 Rehabilitation of Webuye ~ Malaba

Road (A104)

TOR 3

e(iii)2 Weeks Tool 4

4 Rehabilitation of Uplands ~ Kimende

Road (A104)

TOR 3 e(iv)1 Week Tool 22

J

2 Apply Findings of C to I for Design of

Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes

4.6 ~ 4.8 •Modify Findings and establish Monitoring and

Evaluation Procedures 8 DaysTools 14

& 22

•Monitoring and Evaluation

Procedures

3 Apply Findings from F to Develop

Suitable Instrumentation

4.6.4 •Determine Suitable Instrumentation12 Days

Tools 5 &

18

•Recommendations on

Suitable Instrumentation

4 Design & Implement Immediate,

Short-Term, Medium-Term & Long-

Term Monitoring & Evaluation

Programmes

TOR 3 (f) •Design and Implement Appropriate

Monitoring and Evaluation Systems and

Programmes22 Days

Tools 14,

18 & 22

• Monitoring and Evaluation

Systems and Programmes

K Evaluation of Performance of Reinforced Earth Geostructures and Retaining Walls Along Thika Highway (A2)

Review Analytical Results from C to I. 4.6 ~ 4.8 •Modify and Apply Findings from C to I.14 Days

Tools 14

& 22



•Preliminary Mobilization

and Method of Testing

Report

•Preliminary Test Results

and Performance Review

Report



•Preliminary Engineering &

Structural Evaluation Report

•Preliminary Test Results

and Performance Review

Report

1 •Review Report

Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes for Trials under H and I

Development of Special Specifications for Geosynthetically Reinforced DBM/AC

Design of Trial Sections for Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments





Conditions




•Comprehensive Analysis of Geosynthetics





Conditions




December 1, 2011




Road]



TitleLead

Consultant

Highway/

Materials

Engineer

Research

Scientist

Snr.

Materials

Technologist

Asst.

Research

Engineer

Senior Geo-

scientist

Senior Eng.

Geologist

Site

Engineer

Mechanical

Engineer

Systems

Analyst/ICT

Specialist

Materials

Technologis

t

CAD/Field

Test/Instru

men. Expert

NameDr. Eng. J.N.

Mukabi

Eng. P.K.

Njoroge

K.W.


K.W.

Ng'ang'aJ. Mosaria

Eng. A.

MuthokaS. Kotheki

K.G.

WambuguL. Ngig

Tools/

Mode

Applied



K

2 Literature Review on Engineering

Design Principles of Reinforced

Geostructures and Retaining Walls

TOR 3.2

(a)

•Source the Relevant State of the Art Literature

•Assign Expert Review Team Members

•Carry out Comprehensive Analysis

•Compile, Collate & Correlate Review Results

to & Thika Road Existing Design Principles &

Philosophy/ Assignment Requirements

7 Days

Tools 1, 6,

7 & 15 -

17

• Literature Review Results

& Analysis

4 Assessment of General Site

Conditions

4.6.1 •Assess Geostructures

•Measure Geostructural Sizes

•Assess Access Conditions and Geometrical

Characteristics

8 Days Tool 14

• Preliminary Geo-structural

and Site Assesment Report

5 Evaluation of Environmental

Conditions

4.6.1 •Evaluate Topography

•Evaluate Hydraulic Conditions

•Evaluate Soil Conditions

•Evaluate Subsurface Drainage

3 Days Tool 14

• Preliminary Environmental

Evaluation Report

6 Determination of Environmental

Factors

4.6.5 •Determine Hydrogeological Parameters

•Determine Rainfall/ Precipitation Intensity

•Analyze Impact of Environmental Factors

6 DaysTools 22

& 3

• Preliminary

Hydrogeological Evaluation

Report

7 Analysis of Loading Factors 4.6.5 •Analyze Traffic Volume and Characteristics

•Derive Loading Intensity4 Days

Toos 3, 18

& 22

• Characteristics and

Intensity of Loding Report

8 Analysis of Displacement and

Deformation Factors

4.6.5 •Analyze Dynamic Loading Effect

•Correlate Dynamic Loading and Environmantal

Factors and Determine Effect

5 DaysTools 3 &

22

•Deformation

Characteristics Report

9 Determine Appropriate Testing

Equipment & Instrumentation

4.6.4 •Carry out Comparative Model Testing Adopting

In-situ Materials, Geo-structural Layer

Configuration, Mode of Reinforcement and

Loading Conditions to Simulate Existing Current

7 DaysTools 4, 5

& 18

•Testing Equipment &

Instrumentation

Recommendations

10 Determine Appropriate Monitoring &

Evaluation Programmes & systems

Based on Model from J.

4.6.1,

4.6.5~4.6.

9

•Review and Modify Monitoring and Evaluation

Methods Developed in J. 16 DaysTools 14 -

17

•Modified Monitoring and

Evaluation Procedures

11 Implement Monitoring & evaluation

Programmes

•Apply Modified Methods and Implement

Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes 133 DaysTools 14 -

17

• Monitoring and Evaluation

Impelemntation Procedures

12 Comprehensive Scientific &

Geotechnical engineering Analysis

4.6.5 •Collect Data Intensely

•Carry out Detailed Data Analysis

•Apply Advanced State of the Art Analytical

Tools for Comprehensive Analysis

26 DaysTools 18

& 22

• Comprehensive Scientific &

Geotechnical Engineering

Analysis Report

L

• Mobilization Plan

• Examination and

Assesment Report

3 Examination and Assesment of

Existing Construction Specifications

and Records for the RE Geostructures

and Retaining Walls

TOR 3.2

(b)

•Source the Relevant Documents Through

Client •Assign Expert Review Team Members

•Analyze and Apply Results in the Design of the

Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes

9 DaysTools 1, 6

& 7

Evaluation of Performance of Reinforced Earth Geostructures and Retaining Walls Along Thika Highway (A2)

1 Mobilization to Respective Sites

•City Arterial Connectors [Lot 1] 3

Structures

•Muthaiga Round Abaout - Kenyatta

University (KU) [Lot 2] 2 Structures

•KU - Thika [Lot 3] 2 Structures

TOR 3.2

(d) and

3.2 in

general

•Prepare Logistics and Plan for Mobilization

•Coordinate Site Arrangements and

Construction Programme with Mobilization

Plan2 Days Logistics

Reporting, Technical Forums, Internal Presentations and Monthly Progress Meeting

December 1, 2011




Road]



TitleLead

Consultant

Highway/

Materials

Engineer

Research

Scientist

Snr.

Materials

Technologist

Asst.

Research

Engineer

Senior Geo-

scientist

Senior Eng.

Geologist

Site

Engineer

Mechanical

Engineer

Systems

Analyst/ICT

Specialist

Materials

Technologis

t

CAD/Field

Test/Instru

men. Expert

NameDr. Eng. J.N.

Mukabi

Eng. P.K.

Njoroge

K.W.


K.W.

Ng'ang'aJ. Mosaria

Eng. A.

MuthokaS. Kotheki

K.G.

WambuguL. Ngig

Tools/

Mode

Applied



L

1 Submission of Inception Report TOR 8 a) &

9 a)

•Compile and Submit 4 Copies of the Inception

Report Within 4 Weeks After Commencement

4 Weeks

Post-

Commence

Corres-

pondence

• Proposed Methodologies

• Detailed Work Programme

2 Submission of Daft Report TOR 8 b) &

9 b)

•Compile and Submit 4 Copies of Draft Report

Within 2 Weeks After Completion of Study Tasks2 Weeks

Post-Study

Tasks

Corres-

pondence

• Detailed Finidings Analysis

and Results

• Recommendations of Study

3 Submission of Draft Final Report TOR 8 c) &

9 c)

•Compile and Submit 4 Copies of a Draft Final

Report Within 4 Weeks After Engineer's

Comments

4 Weeks

Post-

Comments

Corres-

pondence

• Results of Study Findings

• Comments from The

Engineer

4 Submission of Final Report TOR 8 d) &

9 d)

•Discuss and Present Results and findings of

Draft Final report to Stakeholders during

Workshop

•Submit Final Report for Approval by Client

4 Weeks

After Stake-

Holders

Meeting

Corres-

pondence

• Final Report Incorporating

Comments from The

Engineer and the

Stakeholders Workshop

5 Organization of Technical Forums TOR 9 •Organize Technical Forum to Discuss Interim

results of 1st Interim Report

•Organize Technical Forum to Discuss Interim

results of 2nd Interim Report


results of 3rd Interim Report


results of 4th Interim Report


results of 5th Interim Report

MonthlyMS &

Logistics

• Results of Discussions

• Comments from the

Forums

6 Organization of Internal

Presentations

TOR 9 •Organize Presentation to Client to

Disseminate Findings reported in 3rd Interim

Report

•Organize Presentation to Client to

Disseminate Findings reported in Draft Final

Report

•Organize Presentation to Client to

Disseminate Findings reported in Pre-

Workshop Findings

MonthlyMS &

Logistics

• Results of Discussions

• Comments from the

Presentations

7 Monthly Progress Meetings TOR 9 •Organize Monthly Progress Meetings with

Client to Assess Progress and Quality of

Output/Deliverables

MonthlyMS &

Logistics

• Monthly Progress Report

for Internal Use

M

1 Organize Workshops for Stakeholders TOR 3.1 g) •Confirm Date, Venue and number of

Participants with Client

•Make Necessary Logistical Arrangements

•Prepare Necessary Documents, Print outs,

Media and Material

33 Weeks

After

Commence

ment

MS &

Logistics

• Stakeholders Workshop

Organization of Workshop for Stakeholders

Reporting, Technical Forums, Internal Presentations and Monthly Progress Meeting

December 1, 2011




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December 1, 2011




Road]





Research Scientist

K.W.Ng'ang'a

Senior Engineering

Geologist


Eng. S.F. Wekesa



Senior Geoscientist

J. Okado

Mechanical Engineer

A. Muthoka



L. Ngigi


Research Assistant



GeomaticsSpecialist

S. Kotheki

TASKS

A1 Award of Contract

A2 Technical Negotiations

A3 Financial Negotiations

A4 Signing of Contract

B1 Commencement of Consulting Services 14 Days after Order to Commence

B2 Orientation of Available Facilities

B3 Courtesy Calls to Client and Relevant Stakeholders

B4 Inception Meeting

C1 Scientific & Engineering Theories, Concepts & Principles of Geosynthetics

D1 Garsen ~ Lamu Road (B8/C112) & Garsen Bridge

C2 Standards & Procedures for Testing Chemical, Physical & Mechanical

C3 Impact of Geometric Design Characteristics of Geosynthetics

C4 Impact of Geosynthetics on the Environment

D2 Upgrading to dual carriageway of Thika ~ Makutano Road (A2)


Ogallo J.B. Julius


K.G. Wambugu




Site Engineer

J. Mosaria

Logistics Manager


Support Staff

Secretaries

D3 Reconstruction of Eldoret ~ Burnt Forest Road (A104)

D4 Reconstruction of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)

E1 Develop Appropriate Methods of Testing

E2 Develop Tailored and VE Based Design Procedures

E3 Develop Efficient & Appropriate Methods of Construction

E4 Develop Quality Control and Assurance Sytems

E5 Derive Preliminarily Applicable Performance-Based General, Standard &

F1 Recommend Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics Reinforcement

F2 Procure Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics Reinforcement

F3 Modify Innovatively Testing Equipment as per Conditions & Necessity

F4 Fabricate Innovatively Testing Equipment as per Conditions & Necessity

F5 Calibration & Unification of Equipment & Instruments

G1 Review and Correlate Findings from C and D

G2 Apply Principles & Research Findings from Analytical results of C & D

G3 Modify Specifications Developed from E.

G4 Procure, Modify and/or Fabricate Specialized Equipment Based on Results

G5 Undertake Modified and Specialized Lab and Scale Model Testing

G6 Carry Out Comprehensive Scientific and Engineering Analysis

G7 Derive Vital Geo-Engineering Parameters for Design of Testing Regime for

H1 Masalani Bridge Approaches

H2 Likoni ~ Shelly Beach

H3 Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523)

H4 Sigalagala ~ Butere Road (D260)

I1 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road (A104)

C5 Other Relevant Literature

I2 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Webuye Road (A104)

I3 Rehabilitation of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)

I4 Rehabilitation of Uplands ~ Kimende Road (A104)

J1 Review Analytical Results from C to I.

J2 Apply Findings of C to I for Design of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes

J3 Apply Findings from F to Develop Suitable Instrumentation

J4 Design & Implement Immediate, Short-Term, Medium-Term & Long-Term

K1 Mobilization to Respective Sites

K2 Assessment of General Site Conditions

K3 Evaluation of Environmental Conditions

K4 Determination of Environmental Factors

K5 Analysis of Loading Factors

K6 Analysis of Displacement and Deformation Factors

K7 Determine Appropriate Testing Equipment & Instrumentation

K8 Determine Appropriate Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes & systems Based on

K9 Implement Monitoring & evaluation Programmes

K10 Comprehensive Scientific & Geotechnical engineering Analysis

L1 Submission of Inception Report

L2 Submission of Interim Report

L3 Submission of Draft Final Report

L4 Submission of Final Report

L5 Organization of Technical Forums

L6 Organization of Internal Presentations

L7 Monthly Progress Meetings

M1 Organize Workshops for Stakeholders

December 1, 2011




Road]


A3.6 Figure 6.3 Proposed Professional Staff and Support Staff Assignment ScheduleIn

dex

Position/ Task Staff Name Specific Field of Expertise in Relation to Assignment

Year

s of

Ex

peri

ence

Tot

al M

/Mon

ths

by E

xper

t

PS2 Highways/ Materials Engineer Eng. Kabbia Njoroge Petterson

Pavement Structure Design & Road Construction Materials; Performance Evaluation of RE Retaining Walls; Geometric Design, Structural Evaluation on Reinforced Geostructures including Geosynthetically Stabilized; Methods of Construction, Pavement Design & Testing

32 6.36

PS1 Lead Consultant Eng. Dr. John Ngaya Mukabi

Advanced Research in Geomaterials, Geosynthetics & RE Geostructures. Design of Research & Testing Regimes, Trial section, Evaluation & Monitoring Programmes, Pavement Design & Construction Methods; Development of Special Specifications, Presentation & Reporting; Methods Design; Overall Technical Approach Coordination & Supervision; Overall Organization of Study

26

Supp

ort S

taff

Lev

el

1

SS1-1 Assistant Research Engineer Eng. Fred Sirmoi Wekesa

Research in Construction Methods Testing, Research in Mechanically & Chemically Stabilized Geomaterials including Geosynthetically Reinforced Materials; Geosynthetic Types & Sources; Performance Specifications; Sourcing & Availability Expert; Design Manuals & Specifications

3 7.48

Prof

essi

onal

Sta

ff

Kihuha Waweru Ng'ang'a

Soil-Structural-Reinforcement Elements Research & Structural Matrix Analysis; Development of Quality Control Systems; Geometric Design & Characteristics; Geosynthetics Performance & Characteristics; Geotechnical Engineering Research & Literature Review; Impact of Materials on Environmental Impact assessment

18 5.14

PS4 Senior Materials Technologist Ogallo J.B. Julius

Construction Methods Testing, Research in Mechanically & Chemically Stabilized Geomaterials including Geosynthetically Reinforced Materials; Calibration & Verification of Equipment; Evaluation & Monitoring of Field/ Laboratory Testing; Quality Control; Implementation of Lab/ Field Testing Regimes

20

PS3 Research Scientist

6.53

6.97

SS2-3Mechanical Engineer (Instrument. & Equip.)

Eng. Alphonse MuthokaDesign and Modification of Field/ Laboratory Testing Equipment & Instrumentation; Evaluation of Field/ Laboratory Testing Equipment & Instrumentation Performance & Monitoring

17

7.99

Supp

ort S

taff

Lev

el 2

SS2-1 Senior Engineering Geologist Kihuha Waweru Ng'ang'aGeological Engineering Analysis and Site Characterization; Material Types & Sources; Hydrological Analysis, Drainage Characteristics; Field Activities & Tasks

30 3.66

SS2-2

SS1-2 Senior Geoscientist Joram Okado MukabiGeophysical & Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Geomaterials & Soil~Geosynthetics Interaction, Local & Global Characteristics; Suitability Testing; Performance Evaluation; Quality Control & Monitoring

17

Systems Analyst/ ICT Specialist Sylvester Kotheki

Specialist in Engineering/ Management/ Field/ Office Information & Communication Technology & Design Applications; Expert in Engineering Systems, Intelligence, GIS/Geomatics, Modeling/3D; Industrial Design Knowledgebase; Technological & Computer Science Advisory

6.46

Site Engineer Eng. Julius MosariaConstruction Implementation of Geosynthetics Reinforced Materials/ Layers; Monitoring & Environmental Impact Assessment; Structural Analysis; Condition Survey & Scoping Inventory; Post Test Structural Repairs

3 5.78

25.00

15.47

34.73

Staf

fing

Lev

el

TOTAL M/Months 75.20 75.20

5.78

Tot

al M

/Mon

ths

by L

evel

SS2-6 CAD/ Field Test/ Instrumentation Expert Leonard Ngigi Mechanical Field Testing Equipment and Instrumentation. CAD Operations 18

SS2-5 Materials Tehnologist Kenneth Githuga WambuguGeotechnical Investigation, Materials Testing, Field and Laboratory Testing Techniques - Research Regime Interpretation & Implementation; Innovation of Field/ laboratory Testing Equipment; Field Activities

20 6.93

6.12

SS2-4 22

December 1, 2011




Road]


A4: Example of Method of Geosynthetically Reinforced Pavement Structural Design (4.6.6)

Item 3.1 c) on the Scope of the Study on page 42 of the RFP makes a requirement, as one of the assignment tasks, of developing design procedures. The fundamental objective of the Study, as stipulated in item 2(i) of the TOR requires the same.

The Consultant therefore considers this as one of the most integral outputs as he has derived and depicted at the end of Figure 4.2 preceding Sub-section 4.6.1 of this chapter.

In consideration of the foregoing therefore, the Consultant shall endeavour to modify, improve and enhance the Comprehensive Method of Design (CMD), which they proposed in 2007 at the 23rd World Road Congress in Paris and the 14th African regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering held in Yaounde, Cameroon in the same year.

The CMD, depicted in Figure 4.12, has been modified and applied in the design of Geosynthetically reinforced pavement structures in the Isiolo Airport Project in the Isiolo Town of Meru County in Eastern State of the Republic of Kenya as well as Geosynthetically reinforced embankment and foundation geo-structures for oil exploration activities in the Jonglei State of Southern Sudan.

Figure A4-a: The Comprehensive Method of Design (CMD)

December 1, 2011




Road]


A4-1 Geosynthetically Reinforced Pavement Structural Design

An example of the Consultant’s design is presented in Section 4.11 of this chapter. Also refer to Tool 6 in Appendix V-III.6 of Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

A4-2 Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankment and Foundation

Sub-section 4.11.2 provides an example of the Consultant’s design of Geosynthetically reinforced embankment and foundation design.

Reference can also be made to Tool 7 in Appendix V-III.7 of Volume III of this Technical Proposal.


Examples of the methods of construction developed and employed for Isiolo Airport Project are presented in Figures 4.13 to 4.16.

Figure A5-a: Overall Method of Construction

December 1, 2011




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Figure A5-b: Method of Construction of the Improved Subgrade

December 1, 2011




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Figure A5-c: Method of Construction of the Sub-base/ Base Course

December 1, 2011




Road]


Figure A5-d: Method of Construction of the Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course

December 1, 2011




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A6 Example of Innovatively Developed Quality Control Procedures [4.6.8]

Some of the Quality Control (QC) methods developed by the Consultant are presented below.

A6-1 Preamble

Measured and field data collection would certainly serve no purpose if appreciable accuracy and confidence levels are not achieved. Accurate and precise definition of the boundary limits of specification control can prove to be costly if they are not properly considered or tailored for a specific project.

The basic principles of some of the main quality control methods developed by the Author previously on other project modified to suit the design and construction specification requirements for the Addis Ababa~ Goha Tsion Project are briefly introduced in the subsequent sections. Numerous other interpretive methodologies, which are not introduced in this Report, have also been developed.

A6-2 Plasticity Materials (Crushed Aggregates)

This method of correction takes into account the reciprocal relation between water content (wc), density () and degree of compaction (Dc). For low plasticity materials whereby PI < 6, the following generalized quasi-empirical equations may be applied.

100/

'

m

c

s

c

l

c

optwwwf

l

cu

cfDDw

xxCxCnww

(A6.1)

where, u

cfw = Moisture content correction factor for DC>100, l

cw = Moisture content determined in the

Laboratory, wfn = Constant derived from the relation between the natural and laboratory moisture

contents, C = Density correction factor for laboratory and soil variability, Cw= Correction factor for

moisture content, w= In-place wet density of soil, opt = Maximum Dry Density (MDD),s

cD =Specified Degree

of Compaction, m

cD = Measured Degree of Compaction.

For cases where Dc < 100, the following equation may be applied:

100/

1'

m

c

s

c

l

c

optwwwf

l

cL

cfDDw

xCxCnww

(A6.2)

L

cfw defines the moisture content correction factor for Dc < 100.

The corrected Degree of Compaction (Cor

cD ) is then given by:

December 1, 2011




Road]


s

c

w

ccfCor

cxDC

xDwD

. (A6.3)

where, .Cor

cD = Corrected degree of compaction, ul

cD = Standard upper limit degree of compaction, C

=Optimum density correction factor.

Considering some common and standard factors then, ,32.0wfn ,93.0' C 89.0wC .977.0Cand

Based on the Specifications for this Project for base course material, ul

c

s

c DandD %98 is determined as

102%. Consequently, equations (8.1), (8.2) and (8.3) are simplified to the forms expressed in Eqs. (A6.4), (A6.5) and (A6.6) respectively.

100/98

26.0m

c

l

c

optw

l

cu

cfDw

ww

(A6.4)

While,

100/98

126.0

m

c

l

c

optw

l

cL

cfDw

ww

(A6.5)

and,

10002.1. xwD cfCorc (A6.6)

Hence to correct for the aforementioned variable parameters for base course material, Eqs. (A6.4), (A6.5) and (A6.6) may be applied accordingly.

A6-3 Formulae For Correction of Moisture Content Vs. Degree of Compaction for High Plasticity

Materials (Subgrade, Embankment And Sub-base)

For high plasticity materials whereby PI > 6, the following generalized quasi-empirical equations may be applied in all cases.

100/

'

m

c

s

c

l

c

optwwwf

l

c

cfDDw

xxCxCnww

(A6.7)

The corrected Degree of Compaction (Cor

cD ) is then given by:

December 1, 2011




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s

c

w

ccfCor

cxDC

xDwD

. (A6.8)

Considering some common and standard factors ,32.0wfn 0.10.1,0.1' CandCC w

Based on the Specifications for this Project for subgrade material, ul

c

s

c DandD %95 is determined as

98%. Consequently, Esq. (A6.7) and (A6.8) are simplified to the forms expressed in Eqs. (A6.9) and (A6.10) respectively.

100/95

32.0m

c

l

c

optw

l

cu

cfDw

ww

(A6.9)

and,

10098.0. xwD cf

Cor

c (A6.10)

A6-4 Mechanical Stability Analysis

In order to analyze the impact of mechanical stability on the bearing capacity Equation (A6.11) may be adopted.

opt

II

c

r

S

opt

S

RF BRBRxRff . (A6.11)

where, S

RFf = Strength Ratio Parameter, S

optf . = Strength Ratio Parameter determined at the optimum

Batching Ratio value, c

rR = Rate of Reduction of the post compaction strength , opt

IBR = Batching Ratio

Index at optimum value,

A6-5 Quantitative Method of Evaluating Effect of Paving at Varying Grades of Slope

In developing the method of evaluating effect of paving construction in negative upgrade slope, the factors in Box 4A were taken into consideration.

Box 4A Factors to Consider when Developing Method of Evaluating Effect of Paving Construction

1. Segregation of particles, flow characteristics, non-homogeneity, contact pressure vibrational force, consistency, tractive force, sliding, Imperfect compaction, non-uniform thickness, impact on density, structural deficiency, differential deformation, localized flow and plastic failure.

2. Premature failure (cracking or micro-cracking), non-uniform inter-particle stress distribution, development and propagation of internal localized shear planes were also analyzed in relation to particle size, distribution, viscosity of bitumen, temperature, spreading rate, and state of inter-particle contact within a bituminous medium.

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The four main influencing factors are stipulated in Box 4B.

Box 4B Main Influencing factors

Rolling Resistance (Dynamic)

Considering that,

L

VGR Crr

254

2

(A6.12)

then,

100254

2

Li

VRG r

R

Cr (A6.13)

where R

CrG = Critical angle of slope in relation to rolling resistance, Rr = Rolling resistance factor, V =

Tractive velocity of construction equipment and L = Compaction distance

Damaging Effect (Static)

The damaging effect on the Marshall properties of the asphalt concrete due to the critical angle of inclination

is expressed as follows.

(A6.14)

where eff

sv =Damaging effect factor , lim =Limiting grade of slope, i=Grade of slope.

Friction Factor (Dynamic)

The friction factor resulting from the dynamic component is computed as:

100127

2 e

R

Vf F (A6.15)

where, fF=Friction factor, V=Velocity of construction equipment, f

CVG i =Critical grade of slope in

relation to the friction factor, R=Radius of curvature

1) Grade effect on the strength and shearing resistance properties of the Asphalt Concrete 2) Damaging effect on the Marshall properties of the Asphalt concrete 3) Effect of rate of roadway super elevation 4) Effect of excitement frequency in relation to micro-damage initiation due to construction

equipment

5.0

2

2limlim

tan1

tantantantan

iieffsv

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Effect of Excitement Frequency

Adopting the solution proposed by Housner (1963) for a half-sine wave acceleration pulse required for

overturning a block and modifying it to that required to initiate slip of the surface mass; then the following

equation is obtained for a value of ω that is small.

2

lim 1)(

g

gap

cvs (A6.16)

Where as=Acceleration to cause segregation, g = Force of gravity cr =Critical grade of slope,

lim =Limiting

grade of slope, p=Particle size (average), =Excitement frequency propagated by the construction

equipment.

For a large value of , Eq. (A6.16) can be represented by

limlim

FKgpcrgpsa

(A6.17)

where, =Oscillatory velocity of construction equipment, =Angle between the hexagonal diagonal of

an ideal particle with the normal line to the slip surface with an inclination of angle θ lim.,

KF=Contribution of inter-particle friction factor, μ=Coefficient of friction between particle and slope.

A6-6 Example of Development of Preliminary Performance –Based Specifications

An example of the parameter and specification mode for performance-based specifications is given under Sub-section 1.2.2 of Chapter 2 of this technical Proposal.

A6-7 Example of Maintenance Procedures Proposed

The Consultant has, over the years, developed, proposed and applied unique methods of predicting levels and quality of the maintenance required for pavement structures. An example of these procedures is presented as Tool 20 in Appendix V-III.20 of Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

A7 Example of Performance Monitoring & Evaluation of Reinforced Earth (RE)

Geostructures & Retaining Walls [4.7]

A7-1 Evaluation and Monitoring of RE Geostructures

Evaluation and monitoring of the Reinforced Earth (RE) Geostructures will be undertaken on the basis of the Consultant’s experience of a similar nature presented in Appendix V-III.14 of Volume III, Section 3.2 of Chapter 3 of this Technical Proposal and party introduced in Sub-section 4.7.4 of this chapter.

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A7-2 Evaluation and Monitoring of Retaining Walls

During a road and bridges rehabilitation programme under Grant Aid funding by the Government of Japan, slope failure occurred at a stretch around Sta. 9+310km from the city centre of Addis Ababa along the Addis Ababa~Goha Tsion~Debre Markos International Trunk road traversing through the Blue Nile, and which forms an integral part of the all-important north-western corridor connecting to the western part of The Sudan, whilst branching off to the east towards Gonder to the Eriterian border.

As a result, longitudinal cracks were prevalent within the asphalt concrete and significant shear failure occurred right through the pavement structure and subgrade as can be seen in Figures 1 and 2.

Due to environmental and financial constraints it became imperative that a cost-effective method, utilizing locally available material as much as possible, be developed.

Various countermeasures including the reinforcement of the slope embankment, construction of retaining wall, reduction of gradient of slope, improvement of subsurface drainage conditions, blanket and loading works etc. were preliminarily considered. It was concluded that the most cost-effective research based method be determined to ensure that; 1) a substantial proportion of the shear strength would be retained notwithstanding increased saturation and/or pore pressure levels; 2) tremendous reduction in the deflection of the surface and layers under loading be achieved; 3) resistance to erosion due to scouring be reduced; 4) resistance to contamination by materials in the underlying or supporting layers be substantially increased; and, 5) the effective elastic properties of the composite pavement structure be drastically increased.

Figure A7-a: Visible Longitudinal Cracks Within the Pavement Structure

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Figure A7-b: Cross-section of Slope Depicting Failure Section, Causes and Mechanisms

Tool 16 provides detailed discussions regarding this case whereby the Consultant provided effective Value Engineering (VE) countermeasures and engineering employing research oriented technologies that he developed for purposes of that assignment after designing trial sections and undertaking monitoring and evaluation over a period of three years (36 months) through varying seasonal changes and moisture-suction variations.

Tool 16 is included in Appendix V-III.16 of Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

A7-3 Comprehensive Analysis and Characterization of RE-Retaining Walls Interaction

During the proposed assignment, the Consultant intends to apply the state of the art engineering principles and concepts as well as recently developed scientific theories and geo-mathematical models to undertake comprehensive analysis and characterization of the RE-Retaining Walls interaction for the geo-structures to be investigated along Thika Road.

Some of the Tools that will be applied are presented in Tool 17 of Appendix V-III.17 of this Technical Proposal.

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A8 Example of Consultant’s Relevant Experience in Developing

Monitoring and Evaluation Systems & Programmes

Abstract Under “The Emergency Study on The Planning And Support for Basic Infrastructure in Juba

and The Surroundings in South Sudan”, a Project which was implemented under the Japanese Grant Aid

through the Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA), Juba River Port Access Road was designed

and constructed as part of the Port Development Pilot Project. Sophisticated State of the Art

engineering concepts and principles were employed during the study, to realize model design and

method of construction as part of introducing appropriate technologies in Southern Sudan in order to

foster rapid sustainable infrastructure development.

OPMC stabilization and the Recap Methods, which realized cost savings of approximately 40% on the

pavement layer components (base and sub-base courses) were employed in the construction. Due to

the culture of overloading in Developing Countries and Africa in particular, coupled with the fact that

the Juba River Port would be the main entry point and landing hub for bulk goods into South Sudan, a

country which still has limited land transportation network and facilities, the Design ESAL was

determined at a higher value of 14.25 × 106 (Traffic Class T7 of the TRL Road Note 31). Post-

construction comprehensive monitoring, evaluation and analysis were undertaken, whereof the Case

Study Analysis (CSA) is reported herein. The results of the Case Study Analysis indicate that the OPMC

and Recap Methods were effective in containing the deformation of the heavily loaded pavement

structure constructed on the partially improved Black Cotton Soil (BCS).

Introduction

The Juba River Port Access Road traverses areas that are predominantly overlain with BCS within

swampy stretches. During the implementation of the stated Emergency Project, it was necessary to

adopt cost-effective methods of improving the existing ground for purposes of reducing the quantities

that would be required for the upper pavement layers (subbase and base courses) mainly due to lack of

suitable road construction materials within reasonable haulage distances. Full-fledged field

experimental sections with three varying pavement structural configurations were designed and

implemented as shown in Figures A8-a ~ A8-c.

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Figure A8-a: Typical Cross section of Type II-1 of the Juba River Port Access Road depicting the experimental

trial section pavement structure without OPMC stabilization and without subgrade improvement, constructed in swampy areas with expansive Black Cotton Soils under extreme conditions

Figure A8-b: Typical Cross section of Type II-2 of the Juba River Port Access Road depicting the experimental trial section pavement structure with OPMC Level 3 stabilization and OBRM stabilization for Base/Subbase as

well as partial Black Cotton Soil subgrade improvement constructed in swampy areas with expansive Black Cotton Soils under extreme conditions

Figure A8-c: Typical Cross section of Type II-3 of the Juba River Port Access Road depicting typical pavement structure with OPMC Level 5 and OBRM stabilization for Base/Subbase with well improved Black Cotton Soil

subgrade constructed in swampy areas with expansive Black Cotton Soils under extreme conditions

As depicted in Figures A8-b and A8-c, the ReCap, MCI and OPMC Strut Imbedding Techniques [1] were

applied in improving the subgrade while the subbase and base courses were stabilized using the OBRM

and OPMC methods respectively. The Comprehensive Method of Design (CMD) was employed [2].

Type II - 1Existing Black Cotton Soil Subgrade

t = 250mm Latertic Gravel Subbase

DBST Wearing Courset = 200mm Gravel Base Course

3500 3500 15001500 1500

Shoulder Shoulder Side

DitchCarriagewayCarriageway

4%4%

4%4%

10000

800

70

0

200 200 500500

t = 250mm Natural Gravel Capping LayerType II - 2Existing Black Cotton Soil Subgrade

t = 250mm OBRM Stabilized Latertic Gravel Subbase

DBST Wearing Courset = 200mm Gravel OPMC Level 3 Base Course

3500 3500 15001500 1500



4%4%

4%4%

10000

800

70

0

200 200 500500

Existing Black Cotton Soil Subgrade

t = 250mm OBRM Stabilized Latertic Gravel Subbase

DBST Wearing Courset = 200mm Gravel OPMC Level 3 Base Course

3500 3500 15001500 1500



4%4%

4%4%

800

700

200 200 500500

t = 250mm Natural Gravel Capping Layer

t = 200mm Natural Sand and/or Gravel Pebbles,

Filter Layer

MC sand Columns

Gravel Wearing Course

for Shoulders

50mm MC sand ColumnsType II - 3

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Survey, Monitoring and Testing Procedures

Details of the survey, monitoring and testing procedure are reported in the “Innovative Laboratory and

In-situ Methods of Testing in Geotechnical Engineering” [3] and the Juba River Port Access Road

Engineering Report No. SST1 [4] A summary of the main tests citing the purpose of the test and the

engineering parameters determined in relation to the Case Study Analysis is presented in Table A8-a.

Table A8-a: Summary of main tests, purpose and engineering parameters determined Prop.

Description of Test Purpose of Test/Engineering Parameters Determined in

Reference to this Case Study Analysis Ref. Eq.

1 (BPP)

1.1 Moisture Content Variation 1.2 Field and Lab. Density

Comparative Analysis for mainly quantifying Moisture-Suction Variation, ΔMc, ρ

1,2 &3

2 (MS)

Sieve Analysis Comparative Analysis to determine state of Mechanical Stabilization, η, δ, Msf, Bc, fBSR, foptRrc

4,5,6 7&8

3 (SC)

3.1 Field Deflection Testing 3.2 Innovative Soil Profiling 3.3 ST Geophysical Sounding

1. Determine Existing Structural Capacity, fSCe 2. Predict Structural Capacity Soundness, fSCt 3. Compute Maintenance Requirement Ratio, MRR

17 20

4 (UCS) (SS)

(EM)

4.1 Dynamic Cone Penetration 4.2 Laboratory UCS 4.3 Laboratory CUTC 4.4 Modified Laboratory VDL

1. Determine Consolidation Properties, SC, STC, LTC, Creep (a ),

CAS (a c), CLS (

r c), CSRF(δCSR)

2. CS (qu, Cu), Modulus of Deformation (E50), EEM (EE), 3. Deviator Stress, (q), Axial Stress, (

a ), Lateral Stress, (r ),

Angle of Shearing Resistance, (Φ), Elastic Modulus, (E), Shear Modulus (G), Modulus of Deformation, (Eε, Gγ), Secondary Yield Strain, YS, Mean Effective Stress (p΄)

4.Degree of Particle Interlocking(I ),

uI C ratio( SI ), Shear

Strength (f

), Dynamic Modulus (ED),

21

To

36

5 (EM)

In-situ Geophysical Testing 1. Initial Elastic Modulus, (E0), Shear Modulus (G0) 2. Geophysical Profile (GP)

21 32

6 Innovative Stage Loading Tests Refer to Mukabi et al. (2012a)[1] Notes: Prop – Property, BPP - Basic Physical Properties, SC – Structural Capacity, ST - Structural Thickness, SS- Shear Strength, UCS – Unconfined

Compressive Strength, CUTC – Consolidation Undrained Triaxial Compression, VDL – Vibrational Dynamic Loading, SC , STC, LTC, – Secondary ,

Short Term and Long Term Consolidation, CAS – Consolidation Axial Stress, CLS – Consolidation Lateral Stress, CSRF – Consolidation Shear Stress

Factor, US – Compressive Strength, EEM – Empirical Elastic Modulus, EM - Elastic Modulus

Theories and Concepts Adopted for Case Study Analysis

The fundamental theories and concepts adopted for the comprehensive Case Study Analysis are

discussed in detail in [3] and [4], whilst some of the derived basic functions are presented this section.

The basic functions were derived to characterize the impact of environmental factors on the

performance of the road pavement, evaluate the change in the intrinsic material characteristics

influenced by the nature, mode and degree of stabilization coupled with the reciprocal impact and

intensity of loading.

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Analysis of Strength, Deformation Resistance, Mechanical Stability and Structural Capacity

The analyses for strength, deformation resistance, mechanical stability and structural capacity were

undertaken mainly through the application of Eqs. (1) ~ (15).

Quantitative Analysis of impact of moisture ~ suction variation on the performance of the varying

pavement structural configurations

(MPa) (1)

The results of this analysis are presented in Table 2.

Quantitave Analysis of contribution of enhanced mechanical stabilization

161.exp MSf

S AM (2) f

SBN MA

CB exp (3)

when, 0<η<0.5

where, MfS is the Mechanical Stability factor, and in this case, AMS is the MS constant=178.6, η is the gradation index = log0.01P/log(d/dmax), MSideal =100, BC is the bearing capacity factor, ABN is the BC constant=130. The results of the quantitative analysis of the mechanical stability and bearing capacity are summarized in Table 2.

Particle agglomeration characteristics during consolidation

(4)

Contribution of particle agglomeration in enhancing strength and elastic modulus due to

cementation

(MPa) (5)

(6)

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(MPa) (7)

Influence of curing and ageing as a result of coupled effects

(8)

Magnitude of Représentative Rebound Déflection for structural analysis

The magnitude of the (RRD), δRD was computed from;

fc

tc

avRD LV f

502 ..

(9)

where, δav. is the average value of deflection measured under a wheel load of 5tons, V is the variance of the measurements and f

tc

is the temperature correction factor.

t

RT

tc

f

(10)

where, RT is the RRD determined at t=21°C and t , which is computed from:

PtCtBtAt 33 (11)

where, Aδ=7.2X10-5, Bδ=7.6X10-3, Cδ=0.27 and Dδ=2.7 are deflection-temperature related constants, while t is the average temperature of the asphaltic layers; t >16.5°C.

Prediction of deterioration of structural capacity with time progression

The deterioration with time of the structural capacity is predicted by adopting Eqs. (17 ~ 19). The

results for this Case Study are plotted in Figure 6.

𝑵

𝑵

𝑵 (12)

Environmental factors such as moisture-suction variation due to seasonal changes, inferior material

intrusion as a result of the combined effects of dynamic loading and water infiltration (pumping) and

land use affecting the structural capacity and pavement structural layer thickness, are quantitatively

analyzed and factored into generalized Eq. (17) by applying Eqs. (18 and 19) which define the time

dependant

𝑵

(13)

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The factor , which defines the variation with time in environmental factors is computed as,

(14)

where, = moisture~suction depreciating factor,

= BCS intrusion depreciating factor, =

pavement layer thickness depreciating factor.

Computation of Maintenance Requirement Ratio (MRR)

The computation of the MRR was made from Eq. (20) based on the results of the SCDR model by

adopting the TA over a loading period Nt and Design Life, DL.

(15)

GECPROM modules and functions adopted for Case Study Analysis and Modeling

Structural recoverability modules and functions

(MPa) (16)

The Secondary Consolidation Time (SCT) required to achieve the structural recoverability initial

modulus is computed from Eq. (22).

(˟10-2days) (17)

where, is the initial modulus after quasi structural recoverability,

is the post-

destructuration initial modulus determined after Short-Term Consolidation (STC) and =19.3˟10(m-2)

is LTC related material constant. Destructuration caused by excessive densification

During this Study, prolonged heavy dynamic loading was observed to cause destructuration in the BCS

layers. This phenomenon was simulated in the laboratory by adopting the SHANSEP concept. The basic

definition functions of this characterization are presented in the following equations where the degree

of destructuration due to excessive densification is expressed as a function of OCR.

(MPa) (18)

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where, R

oE is the resulting initial modulus, refoE = 915 (Mpa) is the reference initial modulus,

P

yoE is the pseudo-yield initial modulus determined at the stress level (pseudo-yield stress) which is

higher than the yield stress ya and from which the specimen is rebound defined as;

390.NC

yao

P

yao

P

yo aoEE

(MPa) (19)

and, =0.225, =1.78, =5.22, =6.85 and =4.1 are constants for stiff to hard

Pleistocene and OPMC treated Geomaterials.

For OCR>2.5

390. OCREEP

yoRo (MPa)

(20)

Destructuration caused by remolding (reconstitution)

Reconstitution of natural clays results in total remolding and destructuration of the vital structural

components, fabric, diagenetic properties, inherent anisotropy and transformation to enhanced

rheological behavior of otherwise well cemented and highly structured clays. On the other hand, road

construction materials are, in practically all cases, always remolded prior to use. Furthermore, since

most of the existing theories and models that define deformation and strength characteristics of clays

are based on remolded clays, extensive study of this subject to facilitate for the necessary modification

of such constitutive models is certainly vital. In this analysis, a Destructuration Index, which defines

the degree of destructuration as a result of persistent heavy dynamic and/or seismic loading, is

introduced as:

(MPa) (21)

where, is the initial shear modulus of the intact ground and is the initial shear modulus

determined from CUTC/CDTC laboratory tests performed on specimens reconstituted from the original

clayey Geomaterial.

The corresponding elastic yield strain is determined as:

(%) (22)

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The peak shear strength defined in terms of deviatoric stress, , mean effective stress, and angle of

internal resistance, are computed from the following relations.

(23)

Summary of some Case Study Analysis Results

A summary of some of the results of the Case Study Analysis is presented in Table 2. It can be noted that Type II-3 pavement structure exhibits the most superior geotechnical engineering parameters, whilst Type II-1 is most susceptible to moisture changes.

On the other hand, Table 3 summarizes the analytical results that show the influence of particle agglomeration on strength and deformation resistance as a result of time dependent cementation and consolidation, the characteristics of which are depicted in Figure 4 for the base course layer. It can be observed that particle agglomeration and consolidation effects are more predominant in the base course layers that were stabilized by applying the OPMC technology (Type II-2 and Type II-3).

Table A8-b: Summary of vital Geotechnical Engineering parameters

Notes: PAV. – Pavement, MS – Mechanical Stabilization, IGf - Intensity Growth Factor, LIf - Load Intensity Factor, BC – Base course, SB – Subbase, ISG – Improved Subgrade, NSG – Natural Subgrade, COMPO. PAVE– Composite Pavement

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING PARAMETERS

Moisture~Suction Variation MS Particle Agglomeration Ageing Load

TYPE

OF

PAV.

Layer

Type

𝒒𝒖(𝑴𝑷𝒂) @ΔMc=

𝑬 𝒂𝒙 𝑴𝑷𝒂 @ΔMc=

𝑴

%

𝑩

%

𝜹𝑪𝑺 𝒒 𝒂𝒙

𝑴𝑷𝒂) 𝞥′

(˚) 𝑬

𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝒒𝒖𝑪

M

P

𝑬 𝒂𝒙𝑳𝑻𝑪

MP

a

𝑰𝑮 𝑳𝑰

˗5

%

0

%

+5

%

0 % +5% D

T

D

T

C

U

T

C

C

U

T

C

C

U

T

C

GE

O

D

C

P

CU

TC

D

T

D

T

TYPE

II-1

BC 1.1 .8 .7 1625 1179 67 63 34 1.3 25 1854 1.1 1901 - -

SB 0.7 .55 .32 1331 946 59 54 23 .88 22 1519 .73 1606 - -

CL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

ISG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

NSG .05 .04 .03 82 56 31 29 1.7 .06 15.

5

295 .14 357 - -

TYPE

II-2

BC 15 11 9.9 2995

3

23295 84 79 67 18 33 3012

2

14 3022

8

- -

SB 8.9 6.7 5.1 2118

9

18331 79 74 34 11 25 2127

2

11 2146

4

- -

CL 3.6 2.7 2.1 8481 6615 56 53 14 4.3 19 8638 3.3 8756 - -

ISG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

NSG .05 .04 .03 84 56 31 29 1.7 .06 16 294 .14 363 - -

TYPE

II-3

BC 26 19 18 3685

9

31330 93 87 63 31 35 3694

3

22 3713

4

- -

SB 8.9 6,7 5.1 2607

3

22868 89 84 34 11 25 2623

1

12 2634

8

- -

CL 3.6 2.7 2.1 8481 6615 70 66 14 4.3 19 1218

7

3.7 1271

2

- -

ISG .95 .72 .55 3794 2417 63 59 2.4 1.2 17 3993 .81 4069 - -

NSG .05 .04 .03 84 56 31 29 1.7 .06 16 294 .14 363 - -

COM

PO.

PAVE

TYPE

II-1

.25 .19 .14 418 246 43 41 8.1 .31 18 477 .23 693 17 3

TYPE

II-2

3.4 2.6 1.9 1332 947 57 53 13 4.1 18 1428 3.2 1607 17 3

TYPE

II-3

5.1 3.9 2.9 1271

4

10399 72 68 34 6.2 20 1232

9

4.8 1298

9

17 3

REF. Eq. (1) (1) (1) (2) (2) (4) (8) (9) 10 11 12 13 21 37 38

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Table A8-c: Influence of Particle Agglomeration on strength and deformation resistance as a result of time dependent cementation and consolidation

POST CONSTRUCTION PERIOD (DAYS) TYPE PARA 1 3 7 14 28 56 224 448 896 1092 TYPE II-1

UCS (MPa)

0.4 0.55 0.59 0.63 0.66 0.69 0.76 0.79 0.83 0.84 TYPE II-2 0.71 1.91 2.47 3.47 5.61 6.78 10.8 11.4 12.0 12.1 TYPE II-3 1.12 3.10 3.92 4.92 7.06 8.23 18.2 19.4 20.6 20.9 TYPE II-1

Emax (MPa)

693 786 928 1044 1160 1276 1508 1625 1741 1774 TYPE II-2 1432 3492 6160 10223 18993 23368 27953 2955

3 31154

31623

TYPE II-3 2062 8670 11556 15967 24556 29806 34451 36858

39665

40123

TYPE II-1 (εa)ELS˟10-

3(%)

0.086 0.098 0.116 0.131 0.146 0.161 0.191 0.206

0.221

0.225

TYPE II-2 0.155 0.165 0.266 0.427 0.790 0.982 1.153 1.238

1.323

1.344

TYPE II-3 0.326 0.692 0.936 1.262 1.548 1.838 2.193 2.354

2.515

2.579

In-situ Modeling of Response of Varying Pavement Structural Configurations

The behavior of the three types of varying pavement structures was modeled by using the GECPROM [5]. Basically, for Type II-2 and Type II-3 pavement structures, the initial phase of loading is seen to progressively enhance intrinsic particle agglomeration (ref. to Eqs. 9 ~ 13), and secondary consolidation as a result of the heavy traffic loading (ref. to Figures 4 and 6).

Table A8-d: Summary of GECPRO/SCDR Model Parameters

Notes: PAV. – Pavement, MS – Mechanical Stabilization, IGf - Intensity Growth Factor, LIf - Load Intensity Factor, BC – Base Course, SB –

Subbase, ISG – Improved Subgrade, NSG – Natural Subgrade, COMPO. PAVE– Composite Pavement

GECPROM/SCDR MODELING PARAMETERS

Quasi-Structural Recoverability Destructuration

TYPE

OF

PAV.

Layer

Type 𝑬

𝑺

(MPa)

𝑺𝑪𝑺

Days

[𝜺𝒂]𝒀𝑰𝑺

(%)

𝑬 𝑷

(MPa)

[𝜺𝒂]𝒀𝑰𝑺

(%)

𝑬

(MPa)

[𝜺𝒂]𝒀𝑰

(%)

˟10-3

(𝑮 )𝑰 (MPa)

[𝜺𝒂]𝒀𝑰𝑰

(%)

𝒒 𝒂𝒙𝑰

(MP

a)

(𝒑 ′ )𝑰

(MP

a)

𝞥 ′𝑰

(˚)

˟10-3 ˟10-3 SHANSEP Remolding

TYPE

II-1

BC 1634 1065 .488 1686 .513 1063 .366 524 .488 1.2 1.3 25

SB 1356 1038 .377 1392 .389 787 .271 423 .367 0.8 1.0 22

CL - - - - - - - - - - - -

ISG - - - - - - - - - - - -

NSG 86 477 .026 89 .033 4.7 .014 23 .038 .068 .12 15

TYPE

II-2

BC 30312 3833 .184 30570 1.92 23659 1.49 9973 2.01 17.8 13.4 33

SB 22146 722 .516 22244 .556 15059 .396 7182 .583 10.2 10.4 25

CL 8544 272 .347 8675 .373 5126 .242 2748 .392 4.1 5.62 19

ISG - - - - - - - - - - - -

NSG 92 503 .031 96 .037 49 .016 26 .042 .069 .13 16

TYPE

II-3

BC 37126 2015 2.38 37256 2.45 32298 2.08 12396 2.63 30.7 21.8 35

SB 26583 3244 .633 26593 .667 18342 .501 8761 .688 10.6 11.1 24

CL 12677 555 .381 12956 .396 7862 .269 4126 .411 4.7 6.74 18

ISG 3823 207 .174 3943 .181 2217 .109 1254 .172 1.21 1.83 17

NSG 97 523 .036 99 .039 52 .019 31 .045 .07 .15 16

COM

PO.

TYPE

II-1

454 124 .126 493 .132 271 .092 147 .136 .33 .49 17

TYPE

II-2

1363 171 .367 1401 .386 911 .289 423 .392 4.54 6.29 18

TYPE

II-3

12924 372 .527 13133 .574 11163 .488 4108 .516 6.57 8.89 19

REF. Eq. (21) (22) (23) (25) (26) (27) (30) (32) (33) (34) (35) 36

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Figure A8-d: Variation in a) UCS and b) elastic stiffness with pavement layer quality-measured/predicted

It can be derived from these figures that; 1) Type II-1 pavement structure shows very low strength and deformation resistance, 2) the OPMC stabilized layers exhibit high strength and deformation resistance, 3) the ground improvement method for the BCS subgrade achieved significant results contributing immensely to the enhanced performance of Type II-3 composite pavement structure, 4) the modeled and measured curves show an appreciably good agreement.

Analysis of Predicted and Actual Pavement Structural Performance

Figure 6 shows a comparison of the predicted and actual performance based on the results from deflection testing and prediction made from the Structural Capacity Depreciation (SCDR) model for the three varying pavement structural configurations.. It can be inferred that Type II-1 approaches the critical zone, which is an indication of the requirement of fully-fledged rehabilitation after only 4.6 years whereas Type II-3 is structurally sound over the whole period of the Design Life (DL).

Figure A8-e: Progressive time dependent structural capacity depreciation of three types of pavement

structures

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

De

pth

(m

m)

Type II-1: Geophysical MeasurementsType II-2: Geophysical MeasurementsType II-3: Geophysical MeasurementsType II-1: Predicted by GECPROMType II-2:Predicted by GECPROMType II-3: Predicted by GECPROM

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

SCD

Fac

tor,

f sc

Time Progression, Nt (Years)

Structural Capacity Depreciation Factor Vs. Time Progression

TYPE II-1 PREDICTEDTYPE II-2 PREDICTEDTYPE II-3 PREDICTEDTYPE II-2 ACTUALTYPE II-3 ACTUALTYPE II-1 ACTUAL

Terminal Level Line

Critical Zone

Elastic Stiffness (MPa)

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On the other hand, based on Eq. (20) and the SCDR results, the Maintenance Requirement Ratio (MRR), was generated for the three varying pavement configurations over the entire period of the Design Life (DL=20years). The results indicated that; {Type II-1}MRR=2.86, {Type II-2}MRR=0.88, {Type II-3}MRR=0.43.

Conclusions

Comprehensive Case Study Analyses were carried out consistently over a post-construction period of approximately 4 years employing sophisticated geotechnical engineering concepts and advanced analytical tools. It can be inferred that the innovative technologies applied for the Type II-3 design realized significant increase in the strength, deformation resistance, mechanical stability and structural capacity.

A8-1 Development of Mechanistic-Empirical Design Procedures for Geosynthetically

Reinforced Flexible Pavement Structure

At an advanced stage of this assignment, the Consultant intends to develop mechanistic-empirical design procedures for Geosynthetically reinforced pavements and other Geostructures.

Tool 19 included in the Consultants Toolbook contained in Volume III of this Technical Proposal provides an insight on how the Consultant intends to achieve this goal.

A8-2 Road Maintenance Procedures for Geosynthetically Reinforced Flexible Pavement

Structure

Based on their experience and results from further research within this assignment, the Consultant intends to introduce road maintenance procedures for Geosynthetically reinforced flexible pavement structures equipped with prediction and simulation modes.

Reference can be made to Tool 20 of the Consultants Toolbook in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.

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A9 Example of Consultant’s Experience in Research Oriented Design for

Geosynthetics Reinforced Geo-Structures

A9-1a: Pavement Structural Design Example – Isiolo Airport

Fig A9-a: Plan of the Airport showing the TWO pavement types with other details

Fig A9-b: Plan View and MC Sand Column Details for BCS Subgrade Improvement

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A9-1b: Typical Cross-section A

The Typical Cross-section of the Isiolo Airport pavement structure designed in accordance with the U.S.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Design

Codes and stipulations is shown in Fig. 7.7.1.

Fig. A9-c: Typical Cross-section A

Fig A9-d: Plan View and MC Sand Columns Details For Section A

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A9-1c Typical Cross Section B

Fig. A9-c: Typical Cross-section B

Fig A9-d: Plan View and MC Sand Column Details for Cross Section B

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Fig A9-e: Typical Cross-Section of the Apron

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A9.2 Embankment and Foundation Design Example

Figure A9-f: Typical plan for the drilling rig pad foundations

Figure A9-g: Typical cross section for the drilling rig pad foundations

Original

Ground

M=23T

C=2.5T

M=23T

C=1.3T

15T

8T

23T

Native Material=1180TLime=9T

NM=560TSand=880T

NativeMaterial

Native Material=1240TSand=530T

Native Material=1770T

5m25m17m

OPMC L2

OBRM L3

OBRM L1

OPMCL2

OPMCL6

OBRM

L4

NM=16

Sand =8T

Access AreaOffice/Storage5m 29m 13m

Access Area Office/Storage

Cellar Substructure

15m 5mm CementScreeding

t=150mm

t=150mm

t=150mm

t=150mm

t=100mm

t=50mm

OPMC Piles5cm Sand Longitudinalcolumns OBRM

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Figure A10-g: Typical drawings for the drilling rig pad foundations

A10 Capacity Building

Preamble

Since the beginning of civilization, it is indeed common knowledge from various perspectives, that

Research and Development (R&D) is the foundation and most paramount undertaking that can effectively

and efficiently trigger an internationally competent degree of industrialization and sustainable

development that would practically realize Poverty Alleviation and a conducive socio-economic

environment culminating in a better life. Capacity building being the cornerstone for sustainable

technological advancement

Formulation of research policies for any agency, institution or organization at any given scale is normally

propelled and guided by unique needs fostering enhanced rate and level of development vis a vis available

natural and human resources. This calls for research to be appropriate, dynamic and commensurate to the

prevailing dynamics of time~space related events, disasters, rate of development/ destruction and

fundamental changes in the socio-economic and physical environment.

It is noted that training is not a specific component of this assignment as referenced in the RFP data Sheet

item (g).

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Figure A10-a: Proposed Organizational Structure for the MTRD Research Institution

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A11 Environmental Impact Assessment

To promote environmental quality, including providing measures, environmental impact assessment (EIA)

and strategic environmental assessment should be considered for incorporating environmental concerns

for the projects under this Study.

Environmental scoping is to be undertaken during the Condition Surveys (refer to RFP TOR 3(b), 3(e), 3(f))

and Performance Evaluation of RE Geo-structures and Retaining Walls (refer to RFP 3(d)). Further research

into the impact of Geosynthetics to the environment is to be undertaken in conjunction with the literature

review as stated in the RFP 3(a) and correlated to practical field assessments with recommendations for

mitigation measures.

The environmental concerns/challenges identified are to be considered during the development of Design

Procedures, Construction Specifications and Quality Control Systems as included in the RFP 3(c) and during

the development of Special Specifications for further trials on Geosynthetics (reinforced embankments and

DBM/AC) reference to the RFP 3(e) and 3(f).

A11-1 Contribution of OBRM/OPMCS to Environmental Impact Mitigation

In this Study (refer to Figure 4.20) as well as [6]-[10], the results have shown that through the application

of the OBRM and OPMCS technologies: 1) reduction of volume of materials used by approximately 40% is

achieved in most cases; 2) less disturbance of land for borrow pits; 3) reduced amounts of disposable soil

during construction; 4) reduced risk of collapse of geo-engineering structures and; 5) environmentally

friendly due to; utilization, as much as possible, of locally available material and reduction of dust,

distances (lengths of access roads) to borrow pits, Geomaterial quantities required and land acquisition,

among other factors.

Whilst developing these methods, comprehensive appraisals and environmental assessments that would

lead to sustainable development with minimal negative environmental impacts, were undertaken [11].

The example depicted in Figure 4.20 was part of the design for Wau~Abyei Trunk road constructed in the

northern oil fields of Southern Sudan.

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Figure A11-a: Contribution of OPMCS to reduction of environmental impacts of road works

Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services -Geosynthetics DEC2011

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