Technical Escort Division 1 Incident Command. Technical Escort Division 2 Terminal Learning Objective ACTION: Be able to function within an assigned role.

Technical Escort Division1

Incident Command


Terminal Learning Objective

• ACTION: Be able to function within an assigned role in the Incident Command System / Incident Management System (ICS/IMS).

• CONDITIONS: Given a classroom presentation on the Incident Command System/Incident Management System.

• STANDARDS: Be able recall from memory the learning objectives with 80% accuracy.


Enabling Learning Objectives

Understand the challenges in response planning and preparation

Identify the components of the IC planning model Identify the strategic and tactical considerations in NBC

terrorism incident response Understand the roles of the Federal government in an

NBC terrorism incident


Laws and Standards

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR 1910.120

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (40 CFR 311.1 applies 29 CFR 1910.120 to non-OSHA states for Hazardous Materials Incidents)

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 472 Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents

• NFPA Standard 1561 Standard for Fire Department Incident Management Systems


Directives

• Federal Response Plan (FRP): multi-agency operational structure.– Incident Command System– Model adopted by Fire and Rescue community

• Presidential Decision Directives (PDD)– PDD - 39: U.S. Policy on Counterterrorism (1995)– PDD - 62: Protection Against Unconventional Threats to the

Homeland and Americans Overseas (1998)– PDD - 63: Critical Infrastructure Protection (1998)


Incident Command System (ICS) Incident Management System (IMS)

The purpose of an ICS/IMS is to provide structure to the management of emergency incident operations.

Common procedures for organizing: PersonnelFacilitiesEquipmentCommunications

Enables responders to systematically organize their activities.


ICS History• Developed in the 1970s in response to a series of major

wildland fires in southern California. Several recurring problems were identified:– Nonstandard terminology among responding agencies– Lack of capability to expand and contract as required by the

situation.– Lack of consolidated action plans– Lack of designated facilities

• Matured and evolved into an all-risk system– Common organizational structure– Key management principles in a standardized way


Incident Command Foundation

Operations Logistics Planning Finance

Safety

Liaison

Incident

Commander

Public Information


Traits of an Effective Incident Command/Management System

Common Terminology

Modular Organization

Integrated Communications

Consolidated Action Plan

Manageable Span of Control

Designated Facilities

Comprehensive Resource Management


Common Terminology

Essential in any emergency incident system, especially with multiple agency involvement and joint operations. Standardized and consistent terminology applies to:

Organizational functions (major functions, functional units pre-designated and named)

Resource elements (personnel and equipment used in tactical operations)

Facilities (in and around the incident area)


Modular Organization

Top-down development

Scalable to the size or complexity of the incident.

The first position staffed will be the IC.

Other positions staffed as needed.

Modular components represent chain of command.


MODULAR ORGANIZATIONMODULAR ORGANIZATIONMODULAR ORGANIZATIONMODULAR ORGANIZATION

S IM P L E IN C ID E N T COMPLEX INCIDENTCOMPLEX INCIDENT



Is the ability to communicate with all operating entities and the ability to speak in common terminology, and plain English.


Hot ZoneHot Zone


IEPIEPIEPIEP

Work Work PartyPartyWork Work PartyParty

POLIPOLICECE

POLIPOLICECE

EMAEMAEMAEMA

FIREFIREFIREFIRE

RespondeRespondersrs

RespondeRespondersrs

CSTCSTCSTCST

FBIFBIFBIFBI

FEMFEMAA

FEMFEMAA



Incidents must have a plan of action that cover strategic goals and tactical objectives, support activities and the entire operational period.


What we are tryingto accomplish?

How are we goingto accomplish it?

Strategic goals:

Tactical Objectives:



Manageable Span of Control

One supervisor can effectively manage from three to seven subordinates, the optimum number being five.


Designated Facilities

Standardized locations at the incident which all operations are directed, this may include the incident command post (ICP), staging area, emergency operations center (EOC), and rehabilitation area (REHAB).

Command Posts: Mobile and fixed facilities

Staging Area: People and equipment

Rehab: Used for personnel to rehab, sleep, and eat


PREDESIGNATED INCIDENT FACILITIESPREDESIGNATED INCIDENT FACILITIES

STAGINGSTAGING

E O CE O C

C PC P


Comprehensive Resource Management

Effective management maximizes resource use.

Consolidates control of large numbers of resources.

Reduces communication loads.

Maintains accountability.

Increases safety of personnel.


Get it done!

Its easier to gear down than catch up!

Overreact until the emergency is fully understood!

Accept help from others!


Preparedness

Preparedness

is the key

to effective

Incident Command

• Awareness• Planning• Equipment• Resources• Training• Exercises


Incident Commander’s Challenges

• Isolate• Identify Products• Evaluate Hazards• Coordinate info/resources• Select Tools and Equipment• Confine and Contain• Decontaminate• Terminate


Incident Command/Management SystemPriorities

LIFELIFE SAFETYSAFETY

INCIDENT STABILIZATION/MITIGATION

ENVIRONMENTAL/PROPERTY CONSERVATION


Five Major Functional Areas of an Effective System

Command: The one function that will always be filled at every incident. The Incident Commander (IC) is the first position staffed and the last position terminated. The IC is responsible for overall management of the incident. The Command Section may also include Command Staff.

Operations: Directs and coordinates all tactical operations at the incident, including supervision of the Staging Area Manager. This position is implemented when the IC is faced with a complex, demanding incident.

Planning: Collects, evaluates, analyzes, and uses information about the development of the incident and the status of resources.

Logistics: Provides facilities, services, and materials to all organizational components during an incident.

Administration/Finance: Documents all incident costs and evaluates the financial considerations of the incident.


Expanding the ICS / IMS

Command Staff

The staff reports to the IC but are not included in the span of control.

Safety Officer - monitors and assesses

Liaison Officer - multiple agencies involved

Information Officer – serves as PIO/PAO

Staff positions handle key activities that enable the IC to concentrate on managing the incident.


Operations

Operations is implemented when the IC faces a rapidly escalating incident and needs to evaluate and develop alternative tactical options.

The IC may choose to staff the operations section. These positions are normally referred to divisions (geographical) or groups (functional) and are under branches when used.


Operations

Branch = Company

The level having functional or geographic responsibility for major parts of incident operations.

Division = Platoon

Used to divide an incident into geographical areas of operation.

Group = Squad

Established to divide the incident into functional areas of operation.


Operations Section

Entry TeamBack-up

TeamWorking Party Decontamination

Staging

Operations


Staging

Staging area is designated where resources report until given an assignment. It should be close enough to the incident that resources can respond immediately when given an assignment.

Responding units have a location to report and the IC has time to determine how they can best be utilized.

Units are logged in when they report, and annotated when assigned to a task.

Accountability is vital!


Planning

Responsible for:

collection

evaluation

dissemination of information

Incident Action Plan contains objectives reflecting the overall incident strategy:

specific tactical actions

supporting information

given oral or written


Planning

When writing, the plan should consist of forms:

202 (objectives)

203 (organization)

204 (resource assignments)

205 (communications plan)

206 (medical plan)

Additional forms may be used


Logistics

This function manages available facilities, services, and materials for the incident. This section may include distinct units.

Services branch:

communications unit

medical unit

Support:

supply unit

facilities unit

ground support unit


Administration/FinanceThis function is responsible for tracking all incident costs and evaluating the financial considerations of the incident. There are four units within Finance:

Time: keeps record of time for personnel working

Procurement: tracks financial matters

Compensation/claims: tracks financial concerns resulting from injuries or death of on-scene personnel

Cost: tracks all incident cost analyses


Check On Learning

What are the five major functional areas of an Incident Command/Management System?

Command

Operations

Planning

Logistics

Administration/Finance


Check On Learning

What is the planning section responsible for at the incident?

Collection

Evaluation

Dissemination of information


Single and Unified Command

• Single Command is used at an emergency involving a single jurisdiction or agency, one person must be in command. – Used when jurisdictional boundaries do not overlap– A single IC that has overall management

responsibility for the incident– One person has command authority


Unified Command

Unified Command is a unified team effort which allows all agencies with responsibilities to participate in managing an incident to establish a common set of goals and objectives.

Determine overall goals and objectivesSet prioritiesResolve conflictsJointly plan for tactical activitiesConduct integrated tactical operationsMaximize the use of assigned resources


Crisis Management vs.

Consequence Management

• Crisis Management – Law enforcement– Threat assessment– WMD technical support functions– Focuses on the cause of incident

• Threat neutralization• Investigation• Evidence gathering

• DOJ is the lead agency – FBI has operational responsibilities


Crisis Management

• FBI is the responsible Federal agency

• Focus is to:

– prevent terrorism– apprehend terrorists and prosecute

Federal government assigned primary authority - States assist


Crisis Management vs.


• Consequence Management– Protect public health and safety– Restore essential government services– Provide emergency relief to governments, businesses and

individuals affected by terrorism

• FEMA is the responsible agency for consequence management



• FEMA is the responsible Federal agency

• Focus is to mitigate the impacts of a terrorist incident

States and communities have primary responsibility for response - Federal government assists


Overview of Federal Roles

• To be aware of the Federal Response Plan (FRP) and Terrorism Incident Annex

• To be aware of Federal government assets, roles, and responsibilities in an NBC terrorism incident

• Know how to request Federal government assistance during an NBC terrorism incident

• Understand how the Federal, State, and local assets are integrated into the Incident Command Structure


FRP Agencies with “Quick” Response Capabilities

• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

– Hazardous Materials Response Unit (HMRU)

– Evidence Response Teams (ERTs)

– Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG)

– Intelligence collection and analysis



• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)– Specialized capability for finding and extracting victims

from collapsed structures.

– Rapid Response Information System (RRIS) is a consolidated information source on:

• Federal NBC response capabilities • NBC agents and munitions characteristics and safety

precautions• Link to Help-Line• Link to Hotlines• Other information sources concerning NBC weapons



• Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)– Metropolitan Medical Strike Team (MMST)– National NBC Medical Response Team (NMRT)– Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)– Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry

(ATSDR)– Food and Drug Administration (FDA)– Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration (SMHSA)– Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs)



• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)– Environmental Response Team (ERT)– Radiological Emergency Response Team (RERT)– Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring

System (ERAMS)– Radiation Environmental Laboratories– EPA Research Laboratories– Contractor support



• Department of Energy (DOE)

– Radiological Assistance Program (RAP)– Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site

(REAC/TS)– Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST)– Aerial Measuring System (AMS)– Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC)– Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center

(FRMAC)– Accident Response Group (ARG)



• Department of Defense (DOD)– Chemical/Biological-Rapid Response Team (C/B-RRT)– Army Technical Escort Unit (TEU)– U.S. Marine Corps Chemical Biological Response Force (CBIRF)– Edgewood Chemical/Biological Center (ECBC)– U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical and Biological Forensic Analytical

Center– Chemical Stockpile Sites– U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM)– U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI)– Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Units (NEPMU)


How to activate Federal Assistance

• Notifications of local or regional federal offices should follow locally established procedures

• Formal request for Federal assistance should be in accordance with State/local procedures


WMD Civil Support Teams

Agriculture

Asst. to the SECDEF for Civil Support

JTF-CS

52d Ord Gp (EOD)


Potential Target Sites

• Subways• Airports• Cruise ships• Shopping Malls• Research/Medical facilities• Theaters

• Embassies/diplomats’ residences

• Special events• Government facilities• Universities/schools• Amusement parks• Sport stadiums/arenas

The elements of surprise, selection of location, and time of day serve to magnify the challenges of an NBC terrorism incident.


Strategic Command Goals Considerations Overview

• Life Safety/Scene Safety

• Command, Control, Communications

• Decontamination

• Triage, Treatment, Transportation

• Media Management and Information Control

• Resource Management


Life/Scene Safety Tactical Objective Considerations

Overview

• Self-protection (SCBA, protective ensemble)• Personnel rehabilitation (REHAB)• Secondary devices• Weather conditions• Shelter-in-place vs. evacuation • Control spread of contamination• Scene Restriction (air & ground)


Check On Learning

How do you activate Federal Assistance?

Notifications of local or regional federal offices should follow locally established procedures

Formal request for Federal assistance should be in accordance with State/local procedures


Check on Learning

What is the FBI’s focus in the ICS? Prevent terrorism

Apprehend terrorists and prosecute

What is FEMA’s role in the ICS? Mitigate the impacts of a terrorist incident


Transferring Command

Current incident conditions!Incident action plan!Progress towards the objectives!Safety considerations!Assignments of personnel!Additional resources!ALWAYS IN PERSON!


• Debriefing• Post Incident Analysis

– Proper documentation– Financial responsibility– Obtain journal– Plan for investigation

• Critique

Terminating The Incident


Lessons Learned

• Key areas that seem to always need improvement:– Communications– Accountability– Resources– 911 service– EMS/Hospital– Media– Termination


Summary

• Functional areas of an effective system• Traits of an effective system• Incident Commanders challenges• Incident Commanders priorities• Terminology• Strategic Goals and Tactical Considerations• Crisis/consequence management• Federal roles and capabilities
