technical drawing

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COLEGIO: I.T.E.D

MATRIA: INGLES

MAESTRA: ESTELA ACEITUNO

NOMBRE:

LESTER GIOVANI RAMOS.

GRADO:

5TO DIBUJO VESP.

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INTRODUCTION

having the base of the above text practical method of

technical drawings below give a line drawing to the

study of q only now learn how to draw and interpret

building drawings for a level.

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INDICE:

DRAWING AND INTERPRETATION OF PLANS......................................... 3

TIPES OF Paper..........................................................................................4

Perspective caballera ......................................................................7

isometric projection..........................................................................9

Perspective militar ....................................................................... 10

conical perspective........................................................................ 12

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DIMENSION..................................................................................... 13

graphic projection........................................................................... 15

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DRAWING AND INTERPRETATION OF PLANS

COMPUTER DRAWING

the design and interpretation of plans we can not learn directly on

the computer need to first learn the technique using drawing tools

one of the many reasons is that the computer will fail to visualize

the whole plane if not just what fits on the screen and if we frame

everything will be too small to see or interpretations, nothing, plus

it will be difficult to learn simultaneously the 2 techniques, and

how to use AutoCAD.

Who designed and built CONSTRUCTIONS

with the knowledge that we acquired with the practical methods

of technical drawing as saber and cut arm and disarm the

drawings now learn how to draw and interpret construction plans

The technical drawing is a graphical representation of various

types of objects, in order to provide sufficient information to

facilitate analysis, design to help develop and enable the future

construction and maintenance. Usually performed with the aid of

computerized or directly on the paper or other media plans.

Is a graphical representation of an object or a practical idea. This

representation is guided by fixed and predetermined rules to

describe accurately and clearly, dimensions, shapes, features and

build what you want to play.

Objects, parts, machines, buildings, urban plans, and so on., Are

usually represented in the plan (top view, top view, ground floor,

deck, etc..), Elevation (front or front and side, at least one ) and

sections (or short break), clearly indicating its dimensions through

dimensions, are needed at least two projections (views of the

object) to provide useful information about the object.

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The architectural design encompasses a range of graphical

representations with which we carry out the plans for the

construction of buildings, houses, villas, roads, churches, factories

and bridges among others. Draw the project with accurate

instruments, with their respective details, adjustments and

corrections, which shows floor plans, facades, sections,

perspectives, foundations, columns, and other details.

Paper

To translate the drawings into a physical medium of paper formats

used with standardized dimensions. The most commonly used are

the series A of ISO, the main sizes are (measured in millimeters):

A0 - 841 * 1189

A1 - 594 * 841

A2 - 420 * 594

A3 - 297 * 420

A4 - 210 * 297

A5 - 148 * 210

A6 - 105 * 148

A7 - 74 * 105

A8 - 52 * 74

A9 - 37 * 52

A10 - 26 * 37

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A plant is a representation with no prospect of a body on a

horizontal plane.

The plant is obtained by a parallel projection, projecting

perpendicular to the horizontal. One of the main representations of

dihedral system, along with the elevation. Plant is also called the

representation of the horizontal section of a building, furniture, a

piece or any other object.

In architecture, the plant is a drawing that represents orthogonal

projection and scale, a horizontal section of a building that is the

figure formed by the walls and partitions at a certain height

(usually coinciding with the windows, so they can appreciate).

The plans for a building consisting of at least one plant for each of

the same height or level, including floor coverings, that unlike the

other, not sectioned but the building is shown viewed from above,

as would the overfly, without distortions of perspective.

Accompanying the plants or horizontal sections are also used

vertical section planes (called planes secion or section), and

elevation drawings, showing the appearance of individual building

facades, without sectioning.

There are different types of floor plans based on what you want to

represent. The main ones are:

Plant architecture: show the building's interior walls, doors,

windows and stairs. They are usually limited, and can also score

the surface of each enclosure.

Plant construction: construction details reflect the facade and

interior partitions.

Plants finishes: show the coating materials or finished floors,

ceilings and vertical surfaces in each of the rooms or rooms.

Plant installations: shows the route and location of the various

elements of building facilities. Normally there is a facility

dedicated to each type of facility (electrical, plumbing, sanitation,

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A flat-rate technical drawing, or architectural, is the flat

representation of the facade of a building, the side of a machine or

an object, using orthogonal geometric projection, regardless of

perspective, maintaining that all its proportions.

The elevation is obtained by parallel projection of the element to

represent, and this is perpendicular to the plane of projection. The

elevation is one of the main representations of the dihedral

system, along with the plant also uses the side elevation, as a

drawing aid.

The elevation, drawn to scale, to check the full extent of all its

elements, is of great use in the representation of architectural

elements and part of the essential documents of any proposed

architecture.

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Perspective caballera

The cavalier perspective is a representation system that uses

oblique parallel projection, where the projecting frontal plane

dimensions, such as parallel elements to it, are true magnitude.

Cavalier perspective. The semicircle parallel to the frontal plane is

in real size (without deformation). In cavalier perspective, two

dimensions of volume are projected to represent true size (height

and width) and the third (depth) with a reduction coefficient . The

two angular dimensions without distorting their scale lengths are

the width and height (x, z) while the dimension that reflects the

depth (y) is reduced by a certain proportion. 1:2, 2:3 or 3:4 ratios

are usually the most common reduction.

The axes X and Z form an angle of 90 °, and the y axis is usually 45

° (or 135 °) with respect ambos.Se adopted by convention, angles

or multiples of 30 ° and 45 °, setting aside 90 º, 180 º, 270 º and 360

º for obvious reasons.

You can easily draw a volume from a side view or elevation,

drawing from each vertex and parallel lines to reflect the depth of

the volume.

This type of projection is often used for its ease of

implementation, although the final result does not give an image

as real as that obtained with a conical projection.

In Latin America called the cavalier perspective using a 45 ° angle

with respect to the Y-axis X-axis and any cuts.

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isometric projection

An isometric projection is a graphical method of representation,

more specifically, an axonometric [1] cylinder [2] orthogonal. [3] It

is a visual representation of a three dimensional object in two

dimensions, where the top three orthogonal axes, as designed,

angles of 120 °, and the dimensions parallel to the axes are

measured in the same scale.

The term isometric comes from the Greek language: "equal

measure", as the measurement scale is the same in the three

principal axes (x, y, z).

Isometrics is one of the forms of projection used in technical

drawing has the advantage of allowing the representation to scale,

and the disadvantage of not reflecting the apparent decrease in

size, proportional to the distance-as perceived by the human eye.

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Perspective militar

The military perspective is an oblique parallel projection, a system

of representation by means of three Cartesian axes (X, Y, Z).

In the drawing, the Z axis is vertical, while the other two (X, Y) are

90 ° apart, determining the horizontal plane (floor). Normally, the X

axis is 120 ° of the axis Z, while Y-axis is 150 ° from the axis.

The main advantage is that the distances in the horizontal plane

retain their dimensions and proportions. The circles in the

horizontal plane can be drawn with a compass, because there are

no deformation. The circles on the vertical planes are represented

as ellipses.

To carry out the drawing, applying a reduction factor in the

Cartesian axes. In the military perspective affected axis is the Z

axis, showing a reduction of 2 / 3. The other two axes (X, Y) are

not reduced.

The military perspective is a hypothetical representation system,

because the only way to submit 90 ° along the X and Y, would only

be looking at the body from above.

The use of bevel the z axis is vertical, the x axis makes an angle of

30 ° to the horizontal and the y-axis is perpendicular to the axis x,

ie an angle of 60 ° to the horizontal, then match the characteristics

of bevel, as we see.

Putting a horizontal rule can trace the vertical axis using the bevel

angle, the vertex of 30 ° draw the x-axis and perpendicular to it

with the vertex of 60 ° the y axis

Placing the coordinates of a point on the axis, and drawing parallel

lines appropriate perspective we can see the point as the military

system.

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conical perspective

The conical perspective is graphic representation system based

on a three-dimensional projection on a backup plan projecting

straight lines passing through a point. The result is close to the

vision obtained if the eye was located at that point.

Filippo Brunelleschi was the first who formulated the laws of

conical perspective, showing the construction drawings in plan

and elevation, indicating the lines of flight. It is the most complex

plot, but one of the most commonly used in architecture and

interior volumes to represent buildings. Which is closest to the

real vision, and is equivalent to the image we see when looking at

an object with one eye. It does not allow spatial depth perception

of stereoscopic vision.

Computer programs that perform graphic simulations flat images

generated from algorithms based on this geometric construction.

It is common to combine both the rendering of surfaces and

textures, giving the final image looks photorealistic.

It is frequently used in posters of complex real estate and

buildings under construction, as shown in a realistic manner as

will be the new work. In this way, buyers can get an idea of what

to buy.

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DIMENSION.

One dimension is the measure of a characteristic of an object,

which must be specified in a technical drawing. The certificate,

also known as height and size, must meet a set of rules to improve

readability and therefore facilitate the construction of a piece. The

COTAS have written in clearly visible characters (not to produce

comprehension questions) in parallel to the corresponding

dimension lines, above them, with a slight separation of 8 or 10

mm and as soon as possible to their half. The coordinates should

never be crossed or separated by any line drawing.

There are different ways to narrow, they are given by the

complexity of this piece (piece as a mechanic) or object.

-The stage directions indicate the way in which the text should be

staged.

Dimensions of size or dimension.

Dimensions of location or position.

Local notes.

General Notes.

The dimension is regulated by ISO 129-1:2004 (International

Organization for Standardization, No. 129, paragraph 1 and its

entry into force dates from 2004)

Dimension Series is necessary to limit a group of elements spaced

a line is drawn only dimension in which to write the number of

times the value is repeated, the multiplicative sign X, repeated

dimension, the sign = and the sum of all dimensions. 12

Dimension by you can narrow by two sets of dimensions with a

common origin is the preferred variant coordinate dimensioning

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where are the abscissas and the ordinates of the elements in a

table below the drawing.

Dimension tabulate presents the case of having to give the

dimensions of sets or groups of parts or products where the

dimensions can be confused should limit giving rather than literal

values. Next to the drawing indicates the value of the literals for

different products or parts.

Dimension multiple variant of the dimension is the dimension

tabulated multiple, widely used in the drawings for manufacturing.

In the multi-dimension are given on a single drawing, dimensions

and values for parts (see dihedral system).

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graphic projection

The projection graph is a drawing technique used to represent an

object on a surface. The figure is obtained using auxiliary lines

projecting that, starting from a point called the focus, reflect that

object in a plane, like a shadow.

The main elements of the projection are, as shown in the figures,

the point of view or focus projection (V), the point to be projected

(A), the projected point (A ') projecting line (VAA') and the plane

that is projected, which has different names like projection plane,

picture plane or image plane ().

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CONCLUSION

q work was presented could be observed some important aspects

referring to technical drawing.