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©2017, New Buildings InstituteAll Rights Reserved © 2017 New Buildings Institute
Mark Frankel – Technical Director
Mark Lyles – Project Manager
12/07/2017Model Stretch
Code Provisions
for a 20% Performance Improvement in New
Construction
Project support and collaboration from DOE,
PNNL, Energy Foundation, USDN,
Architecture 2030
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All Rights Reserved © 2017 New Buildings Institute
Today’s Topics
• Project Background
• What is a Stretch Code?
• How are Stretch Codes adopted?
• Savings overview
• The Stretch Code package
• Commercial measure descriptions
• Residential requirements
• Next steps in code development
• Ongoing support
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Project Background
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• 2030 Challenge (Architecture 2030, ASHRAE, USGBC)
• 2030 Commitment (AIA)
• CA Big Bold Goals
• Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance/Urban Sustainable Directors Network
• Federal, State, and City Jurisdictions
• 372 Cities in North America have GHG reduction goals
•Paris Accord
Aggressive Code/Performance Goals Widely Adopted
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• 20% Improvement on 90.1-2013 (Stretch Code)
• 40% Improvement on 90.1-2013 (Design Standard)
• ZNE Code (Performance Standard)
Photo:Michael Mathers435 Indio RMW Architects
Model Stretch Code Strategies
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Terminology
Stretch Code/Reach Code/Step Code
Code vs. Code Provisions/Measures
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90.1-2010 58
75
100
25
50
02000 20202010 2030
90.1-2004 75
90.1-2013IECC-2012
CBECS-2003100
Title 24-2013IECC 2015
CBECS-201390
Yr.
zEP
I Sco
re
Zero Energy Performance Index (zEPI) for Energy Codes
Model Reach Code 20%
42
2020 Goal
2025 Goal
189.1-2017
5452
50
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State Adoption of Energy Codes
State Commercial Code Status, from BCAP
Each state determines
whether energy code
adoption occurs at the
state or local level
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Policy Influence
• Taxes• Fee-bates
• Utility Rates• Annual Review
• Market Influence
• Codes (local, state, national)• Stretch Codes• Zoning• Permitting• Incentives
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Savings Overview
PNNL Analysis and Results
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Simulated 5 prototypes in 6 climate zones.
Standalone Retail
Secondary School
Large HotelLarge Office
High-rise Apartment
2B (2_dry): Tuscon, AZ
3A (3_moist): Atlanta, GA
3C (3_marine): San Diego, CA
4A (4_moist): New York, NY
4C (4_marine): Seattle, WA
5A (5_moist): Buffalo, NY
Analysis by PNNL
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End Use Savings Comparison
55%
5%
22%6%
0%24%
45%
11%
42%
Heating
Cooling
Fan
Pumps & Other
Heat Recovery
Interior Lighting
Exterior LightingInterior Equipment
Exterior Equipmen
SWH
Analysis by PNNL
Large Hotel in
Climate Zone 3A
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End Use Savings Comparison
18%
18%
24%10%
0%27%
49%
7%41%
Heating
Cooling
Fan
Pumps & Other
Heat Recovery
Interior LightingExterior Lighting
Interior Equipment
Exterior Equipmen
SWH
Bundle1
Secondary School
in Climate Zone 4C
Analysis by PNNL
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Savings by Climate Zone for Bundle 1
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
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2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A
Bundle 1 (B1) All EEMs
Analysis by PNNL
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The Stretch Code Package
Components of the 20% Stretch Code Provisions Document
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Documentation Element Description/AudienceCommercial
Introduction/Policy Brief Description of 20% reach code for policymakers, city staff, others. Brief discussion of
implementation issues (code vs. program).
Short Measure Descriptions Brief summary of ~20 measures. Can be attached to document above.
Detailed Requirements Full description of detailed measure requirements in Guide format. Includes reference to topical
code sections for each measure.
Code Language Measure by measure adoption language for IECC 2015 and ASHRAE 90.1-2013. Detailed code
language specific to individual code sections (as needed).
Modeling Analysis Spreadsheet details of simulation results for each measure and bundle. Also measure modeling
descriptions, etc. (PNNL)
Modeling Presentation Detailed presentation on modeling results (PNNL with NBI edits)
Modeling Write-up Research paper format write up of modeling analysis (PNNL, NBI)
Webinar Presentation Summary presentation of reach code project and components (commercial and residential)
ResidentialIntroduction/Summary High level summary of residential reach code approach using ERI/HERS rating index
ERI Rating Requirements Table of ERI rating targets for 20% reach code by climate zone. Can be appended to above.
Reference Resources Collection of reference resources to guide designers/buildings in addressing ERI requirements.
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Model Stretch Code Provisions
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Short Descriptions
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Measure Narratives
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Measures mapped to specific code sections (IECC and ASHRAE 90.1)
C402.5 Revise sections as follows (CE 105-16 adds new testing requirements and assembly
language for air barriers and CE 107-16 adds new language for commissioning):
C402.5 Air leakage – thermal envelope (mandatory). The building thermal envelope shall comply with Sections C402.5.1 through C402.5.8.
C402.5.1 Air barriers. A continuous air barrier shall be provided throughout building thermal envelope. The continuous air barrier shall be permitted to be located on the inside or outside of the building thermal envelope, located within the assemblies composing the building thermal envelope, or any combination thereof. The air barrier shall comply with Sections C402.5.1.1 and C402.5.1.2.
C402.5.1.2 Air barrier compliance options. A continuous air barrier in buildings having a gross conditioned floor area equal to or greater than the value specified in Table C402.5.1.2, shall comply with the provisions of Section C402.5.1.2.1. A continuous air barrier for the opaque building envelope in buildings having a gross conditioned floor area less than the value specified in Table C402.5.1.2, shall comply with one of the following:
1. Section C402.5.1.2.1. 2. Section C402.5.1.2.2 and Section C408.4.
3. Section C402.5.1.2.3 and Section C408.4.
(Specific language can be
developed in association with
local code authority)
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Commercial Measure Overview
Technical Support Documentation and Examples
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Commercial Measures
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Commercial Measure Snapshots
• Air Barrier Performance (1.3)
• Minimized Thermal Bridges (1.4)
• HVAC Equipment Options (2.1)
• Service Hot Water Heat Recovery (3.1)
• Interior Lighting Controls (4.1)
• Plug Load Control and Efficient Equipment (5.1 & 5.2)
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Air Barrier Performance
• Blower door testing required for buildings <50,000 sf.
• Leakage rate not to exceed 0.40 cfm/sf of the building thermal envelope
• Buildings >50,000 sf to comply with one of the following:
1. Component testing
2. Participate in a continuous air barrier commissioning program conducted by a third-party entity
Requirements: Energy Savings:
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
3A 4A 4C 5A
Air Leakage Results
High-Rise Apartment
Large Hotel
Large Office
Secondary School
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Air Barrier Example
• ASHRAE research paper on Air Barrier Systems and Large Building Testing Procedures in Washington State
• Whole building testing required for buildings over three stories
• Looked at 5 different air barrier types on 31 buildings
• All but four buildings (85%) met or exceeded the proposed air leakage targets
• Concluded that a “qualified design team” should have no problems achieving 0.40 cfm/sf with any of the commonly used air barrier systems
Min, max, and average leakage results for each air
barrier type. Average values shown as black dashes.
Source: Building Enclosure Airtightness Testing in Washington State – Lessons
Learned about Air Barrier Systems and Large Building Testing Procedures
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Thermal Bridging
• Account for thermal bridges using an Area-Weighted Average of each envelope component
• Structural elements that comprise a direct path to the building exterior and have a surface area > 1% of the area they are part of (roof, wall, etc)
• Are not insulated with at least R-5 continuous
• Includes most common envelope interfaces
Requirements Energy Savings
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A
Thermal Bridging Results
High-Rise Apartment
Large Hotel
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Thermal Bridging Example
Thermal bridging is caused by highly conductive elements that penetrate the thermal insulation and or/misaligned planes of thermal insulation. They allow heat flow to bypass the insulating layer and serve to reduce the effectiveness of insulation.
https://www.bchydro.com/content/dam/BCHydro/customer-portal/documents/power-smart/builders-developers/building-envelope-thermal-bridging-guide-1.1.pdf
Thermal Bridging example: Shelf angle that
bypasses insulation. Source – Morrison
Herschfield
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Thermal Bridging Example
• Example from Morrison Herschfield’sThermal Bridging Guide:
• Calculate overall U-value for each construction type for a High-Rise residential building
• Utilizes catalogue of common material interfaces that includes modeled thermal values for those details
• Calculates overall u-value for each major envelope component as well as the heat flow through the different interfaces
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Efficient HVAC or DOAS
• Select one of the following options:
1. High efficiency HVAC equipment (that is federally preempted)
2. Meet all ventilation requirements with the supply of 100% outside air using a DOAS that
• Operates independently of building heating and cooling system
• Include ERV and be controlled based on occupancy
Requirements Energy Savings (HVAC only)
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A
Efficient HVAC Equipment Results
High-Rise Apartment
Secondary School
Stand-alone Retail
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DOAS Example
• Eastside Fire and Rescue Station in Issaquah, WA
• Mechanical design by Ecotope
• GSHP with radiant distribution
• Ventilation from DOAS with ERV
• Modeled EUI of 33, which is ¼ the energy of a typical regional fire station
• Analysis compared this design to two additional design not including a DOAS
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Service Hot Water Heat Recovery
• Pick one of the following options:
• Utilize heat recovery and or solar thermal water heating to meet at least 40% of the domestic hot water load
• Specify high performance water heating equipment
Requirements Energy Savings
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A
Service Hot Water Heat Recovery Results
High-Rise Apartment
Large Hotel
Large Office
Secondary School
Stand-alone Retail
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Hot Water Heat Recovery Example
• Drain water heat recovery (DWHR)
• Common practice in many Canadian provinces
• Required for prescriptive code compliance in Manitoba and Ontario
• Being proposed for Title 24 2019 through the Codes and Standards Enhancement (CASE) initiative
Source: Journal of Light Construction, September 2016
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Interior Lighting Control
• Occupant sensor control required in most spaces
• Automatically turn off lights within 30 minutes of leaving the space
• Specific requirements for open office areas > 300 sf.
• Sleeping units to have control devices that automatically switch off all permanent luminaires and switched receptacles within 20 minutes of the space being vacated
Requirements Energy Savings
0.0%
0.2%
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
1.0%
1.2%
2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A
Interior Lighting Control Results
High-Rise Apartment
Large Hotel
Large Office
Secondary School
Stand-alone Retail
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Lighting Control Example
• NBI’s 2015 Study on Zero Net Energy Building Controls
• Looked at control systems in 23 ZNE buildings
• LPD’s 40-60% less than code
• Photocells and occupancy sensors were used in every building surveyed
• Lighting controls selected as >15% and never less than 11% of the whole building savings Source: NBI
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Plug Load Reduction
• A minimum of 50% of all receptacles to be controlled by a time clock or occupancy sensor (ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013)
• Utilization of a power management program for all networked personal computer
• Specification of Energy Star rated kitchen equipment
Requirements Energy Savings
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A
Efficient Equipment & Power Management Results
Large Hotel
Large Office
Secondary School
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Plug Load Example
• Plug load field study from Seventhwave
• Gathered baseline data from 8 office buildings
• Looked at the impact of multiple plug load reduction strategies in these buildings including power management (Energy Star recommended CPM settings)
• Computer Power Management saved the most at almost every site, saving an average of 29% of average workstation energy
Source: Seventhwave
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Residential Requirements
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| Case StudiesRESIDENTIALAshton Woods Homes
Beazer Homes
Centex
David Weekley Homes
Del Webb Communities
Drees Homes
K. Hovnanian Homes
KB Home
Lennar Homes
Meritage Homes
Pulte Homes
Richmond American Homes
Ryan Homes
Ryland Homes
Case studies include measures from homes in climate zones 1-7
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| Case StudiesRESIDENTIAL
Under-slab insulation from R-10 to R-20
Exterior wall assemblies of R-40 to R-55
Attic/roof insulation of R-60
Integrated home automation system
Ground Source Heat Pump
Energy Recovery Ventilation & Heat Recovery
Ventilation
Greywater storage & recycling system
Triple-pane, inert gas-filled, Low E windows
Reflective Low-E house wrap
Air tight sealing
PV Install and battery storage
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Code/Program Approx. Ranking Envelope Other Features
IECC 2009 HERS 65-75 IECC 2009 Enclosure
IECC 2012 HERS 62-68 IECC 2012 Enclosure
ENERGY STAR v3.1
HERS 58-65 IECC 2012 EnclosureIndependent Verification, Heat Recovery, Water Management
IECC 2015 ERI 57-62 IECC 2015 Enclosure
IECC 2018 ERI 57-62 IECC 2015 Enclosure (No significant change from 2015)
20% REACH CODE
ERI 46-50IECC 2015 Enclosure
+20%Heat Recovery, EPA Indoor Air Package, Ducts in Conditioned Space, Solar Ready
PHIUS + HERS 35-45Ultra-Efficient
Enclosure
Independent Verification, Heat Recovery,EPA Indoor Air Package, Ducts in Conditioned Space, Solar Ready
ZE Ready Home HERS 25-30Ultra-Efficient
Enclosure
Independent Verification, Heat Recovery,EPA Indoor Air Package, Ducts in Conditioned Space, Solar Ready,Water Management
Residential Stretch Code Strategy
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Next Steps in Stretch Code Development
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• 20% Improvement on 90.1-2013 (Stretch Code)
• 40% Improvement on 90.1-2013 (Design Standard)
• ZNE Code (Performance Standard)
Photo:Michael Mathers435 Indio RMW Architects
Model Stretch Code Strategies
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-80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Small Box-Retail
High End-Retail
Big Box-Retail
Anchor-Retail
Warehouse
OtherHealth
Hospital
University
Small Off
Assembly
Other
K-12
Medium Off
Lodging
Large Off
Supermarket
Minimart
Restaurant
End Use by Type; Regulated vs. Unregulated
Plugs+ Process Heating Lights Bad Operations Ventilation Cooling Pumping Hot Water
Unregulated Loads
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Weighted End Use Energy(across building types)
1 1 35
8
11
18
23
30
Pumping
Hot Water
Cooling
Bad Operation
Ventilation
Lights
Other
Heating
Equipment
Data from the Pacific Northwest
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Code Progression
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
PV contribution Unregulated Loads Regulated Loads Performance Goal
2018 2021 2024 2027 2030
Renewables offset load to achieve goal
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Other Code Resources
• Discussion of the Role of Federal Preemption in Code Development
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Other Code Resources
• Outcome-Based Code Compliance Strategy for Cities
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©2017, New Buildings InstituteAll Rights Reserved © 2017 New Buildings Institute
Mark Frankel – Technical Director
Mark Lyles – Project Manager
12/07/2017Model Stretch
Code Provisions
for a 20% Performance Improvement in New
Construction
Project support and collaboration from DOE,
PNNL, Energy Foundation, USDN,
Architecture 2030