Tech4101 1

Distance Education and the Internet TECH4101

Sara Alqassmi& Amina Almanwari86416 & 86495Instructional & Learning Technologies Department

Lecture One (Week 2) Defining

Distance Education

Distance Education and the Internet TECH4101

Interactive Presentation

Background:

1.The Industrial Revolution in the 19th century (see Wikipedia) →

2.Developments in various fields of technology (give examples) →

3.Offered new solutions for delivering instruction →

4.Learners’ interests (in what?) were enhanced →

5.Increase in the subject areas offered by distance education →

6.Became one of the formal means of education.

Defining Distance Education

What is distance education or distance learning? Distance education is education which either does not imply the physical presence of the teacher appointed to dispense it in the place where it is received or in which the teacher is present only on occasion or for selected tasks. (Loi 71.556 du 12 juillet 1971)

The term ‘distance education’ covers the various forms of study at all levels which are not under the continuous, immediate supervision of tutors present with their students in lecture rooms or on the same premises, but which, nevertheless, benefit from the planning, guidance and tuition of a tutorial organization. (Holmberg,1977:9)

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0158791800010102#preview

Defining Distance Education

What is distance education or distance learning?innovative approach for delivering well-designed, learner-centered, interactive, and facilitated learning environment to anyone, anyplace, anytime by utilizing the attributes and resources of various digital technologies along with other forms of learning materials suited for open, flexible and distributed learning environment.

Defining Distance Education

The delivery of instruction over a distance to individuals located in one or more venues. The National Education Association (NEA)defines distance learning as "courses where more than half of the instruction taking place is when students and faculty are in different locations.

http://mysite.du.edu/~kkeairns/de/Text/Lessons/Lesson1.pdf

Defining Distance Education

What is distance education or distance learning?Distance education or distance learning is a field of education that focuses on teaching methods and technology with the aim of delivering teaching, often on an individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional educational setting such as a classroom. It has been described as "a process to create and provide access to learning when the source of information and the learners are separated by time and distance, or both." Distance education courses that require a physical on-site presence for any reason (including taking examinations) have been referred to as hybridor blended courses of study.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_education

Defining Distance Education

History of Distance Education

1- The foundations of Distance Education can be traced back to the late 1800's. One of the first forms of distance education was correspondence course study. Sir Issac Pittman founded Sir Isaac Pitman's Correspondence Colleges in England in the mid 1840s. Correspondence courses took advantage of the then new rural free delivery of mail to deliver course material to students.

History of Distance Education2- Students worked independently on course material and

interaction between faculty and students was limited to one-way communications. Within a few decades, correspondence

courses were developed in Germany, Canada, Australia, the Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States.

3- Early distance education courses employed First and Second Generation communication technologies. First generation (1850s

to 1960) was predominately one technology and consisted of print, radio, and television. As new media emerged such as

radio and television, these new technologies were integrated into distance education delivery methods.

History of Distance Education4- Second generation (1960-1985) distance learning courses utilized multiple technologies without computers. The media used to deliver distance education within the second generation included audiocassettes, television, videocassettes, fax, and print.

5- The establishment of the British Open University (1969) marked a significant development in the delivery of distance education by offering a mixed-media approach to distance learning technologies. Learning materials (text, audio & visuals) were sent to students by mail and supplemented by broadcast radio and television.

History of Distance Education

6- Multiple technologies including computers and computer networking make up the third generation (1985-1995) technologies used for distance education delivery.

7- Fourth generation technologies, the current generation, combines previous media but also incorporates high-bandwidth computer technologies including:

• desktop videoconferencing

• two-way interactive real-time audio and video

• web-based media, etc.

History of Distance Education

8- Each new generation of distance learning technologies increases opportunities for student-to-student and faculty-to-student contact and collaboration.

http://mysite.du.edu/~kkeairns/de/Text/Lessons/Lesson1.pdf

Defining Distance Education

In conclusion, many key features characterize distance education:

1. The separation of teacher and learner;

2. The separation among learners;

3. The use of one medium to deliver instruction; and

4. The use of a communication channel to facilitate interaction and support learners.

Questions & Discussions

The End