Saifur Rahman, PhD President, IEEE Power & Energy Society 2018 & 2019 Professor, ECE Department, Virginia Tech, USA IEEE PES Nigeria Chapter Webinar, 05 August 2020 How to Write an Effective Technical Paper 8/4/20 (c) Saifur Rahman 1
Saifur Rahman, PhDPresident, IEEE Power & Energy Society 2018 & 2019
Professor, ECE Department, Virginia Tech, USA
IEEE PES Nigeria ChapterWebinar, 05 August 2020
How to Write an Effective Technical Paper
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Webinar Speaker, Saifur Rahman, Ph.D.Professor and DirectorVirginia Tech Advanced Research Institute
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EducationPh.D., Electrical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1978.M.S., Electrical Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1975.B.Sc., Electrical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1972
Professional Society Activities
ØIEEE Member since 1975, Fellow 1998, Life Fellow 2014ØPresident, IEEE PES, 2018-2019ØVice president, Publications, IEEE PES, 2001-2003, 2012-2013ØVice President, Publications, IEEE, 2006ØEditor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2010-2012ØEditor-in-Chief, IEEE Electrifications Magazine, 2013-2014ØLaunched, the IEEE Power & Energy Technology Systems Journal (Open Access), 2014
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AudienceAudience
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1.Are you writing this paper for the sake of writing a paper?
2.Or do you want to show how others can benefit from your work?
AudienceBasic Questions
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• Whowritesscientificpapers?
• Engineers,scientists,educatorsandresearchersfrom:
Ø CorporationsØ AcademiaØ Government
• Studentstypicallywriteandpresentconferencepapersbeforesubmittingjournalarticles
AudienceScientific research publishing
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• Contentthatisappropriate,inscopeandlevel• Clearlywrittenoriginalmaterialthataddressesanew
andimportantproblem• Extensionofpreviouslypublishedwork• Validmethodsandrationale• Illustrations,tablesandgraphsthatsupportthetext• Referencesthatarecurrentandrelevanttothesubject
AudienceWhat IEEE editors and reviewers are looking for
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AudienceHow does the review process work?
• Editor-in-Chiefgetsthepaperafteritgoesthroughcontentmatchcheck(iAuthenticate)and“bannedauthor”check
• Ifthepaperisinscopeforthejournal,itisassignedtoaneditor(associateeditor)
• Editorassignsthepapertofiveormorereviewers• Reviewerssendtheircommentsbacktotheeditor• EditormakesarecommendationtotheEICasfollows:
o Accepto Revise&Resubmito Reject
• TheEICmakesthefinaldecisionandinformsthecorrespondingauthor
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AudienceWhy IEEE editors and reviewers reject papers
• Thecontentisnotagoodfitforthepublication• Thereareseriousscientificflaws:
• Inconclusiveresultsorincorrectinterpretation• Fraudulentresearch
• Itispoorlywritten• Itdoesnotaddressabigenoughproblem
oradvancethescientificfield• Mostoftheworkwaspreviouslypublished• Thequalityisnotgoodenoughforthejournal• Reviewershavemisunderstoodthearticle
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Structure
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Title
Results/Discussions/Findings
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Methodology
References
Conclusion
Paper StructureElements of a manuscript
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GoodTitle
BadTitle
VS.
Paper StructureTitle
Aneffectivetitleshould…•Answerthereader’squestion:“Isthisarticlerelevanttome?”•Grabthereader’sattention•Describethecontentofapaperusingthefewestpossiblewords
• Iscrisp,concise• Useskeywords• Avoidsjargon
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Paper Structure
Title Dos and Don’ts
A Human Expert-based Approach to Electrical Peak Demand ManagementVSA better approach of managing environmental and energy sustainability via a study of different methods of electric load forecasting
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What you did
Why you did it
How the results were useful,
important & move the field forward
Why they’re useful & important & move the field forward
Paper StructureAbstract
A“standalone” condensedversionofthearticle• Nomorethan250words;
canusepastorpresenttense• Useskeywordsandindex
terms
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Paper Structure
Abstract Dos and Don’tsThe objective of this paper was to propose a human expert-based approach to electrical peak demand management. The proposed approach helped to allocate demand curtailments (MW) among distribution substations (DS) or feeders in an electric utility service area based on requirements of the central load dispatch center. Demand curtailment allocation was quantified taking into account demand response (DR) potential and load curtailment priority of each DS, which can be determined using DS loading level, capacity of each DS, customer types (residential/commercial) and load categories (deployable, interruptible or critical). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to model a complex decision-making process according to both expert inputs and objective parameters. Simulation case studies were conducted to demonstrate how the proposed approach can be implemented to perform DR using real-world data from an electric utility. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed approach is capable of achieving realistic demand curtailment allocations among different DSs to meet the peak load reduction requirements at the utility level.
Vs
This paper presents and assesses a framework for an engineering capstone design program. We explain how student preparation, project selection, and instructor mentorship are the three key elements that must be addressed before the capstone experience is ready for the students. Next, we describe a way to administer and execute the capstone design experience including design workshops and lead engineers. We describe the importance in assessing the capstone design experience and report recent assessment results of our framework. We comment specifically on what students thought were the most important aspects of their experience in engineering capstone design and provide quantitative insight into what parts of the framework are most important.
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First person, present tenseNo actual results, only describes the organization of the paper
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UseintheTitleandAbstractforenhancedSearchEngineOptimization
Paper StructureKeywords
Appropriate
Applicable
Specific
Searchable
Logical
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Generally known
information about the topic
Prior studies’ historical context to
your research
Your hypothesis and an
overview of the results
How the article is
organized
• Theintroductionshouldbe:• Specific,nottoobroadorvague• About1-2pages• Writteninthepresenttense
Paper StructureIntroduction
• Adescriptionoftheproblemyouresearched• Itshouldmovestepbystepthrough:
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• Problemformulationandtheprocessesusedtosolvetheproblem,proveordisprovethehypothesis
• Useillustrations toclarifyideasandsupportconclusions:
TablesPresent representative data
or when exact values are important to show
GraphsShow relationships
between data points or trends in data
FiguresQuickly show ideas/conclusions that would require detailed explanations
Paper StructureMethodology
Fig. A
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Discussion
Results
Paper StructureResults/discussion
Demonstratethatyousolvedtheproblemormadesignificantadvances
Results:SummarizestheData• Shouldbeclearandconcise• Usefiguresortableswithnarrativetoillustratefindings
Discussion:InterpretstheResults•Whyyourresearchoffersanewsolution• Howcanitbenefitotherresearchersprofessionals
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• Explainwhattheresearchhasachieved• Asitrelatestotheproblemstated
intheIntroduction• Revisitthekeypointsineachsection• Includeasummaryofthemainfindings
andimplicationsforthefield• Providebenefitsandshortcomingsof:
• Thesolutionpresented• Yourresearchandmethodology
• Suggestfutureareasforresearch
Paper StructureConclusion
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• Supportandvalidatethehypothesisyourresearchproves,disprovesorresolves
• Thereisnolimittothenumberofreferences• Butuseonlythosethatdirectly
supportyourwork(about30)
• Ensureproperauthorattribution• Authorname,articletitle,
publicationname,publisher,yearpublished,volumeandpagenumber,DigitalObjectIdentifier(DOI)
Properly cited
material
Paper StructureReferences
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AReport
Areportdocumentsindetailtheworkdoneincludingresultsforaprojectandhasaleadauthorandothermultipleauthors
ATechnicalPaper
• Ithighlightsoneormoreaspectsofareport
• Multiplepaperscancomeoutofonereport
• Includeanyandallwhohavecontributedtothewritingofthepaper
• Otherscanbeacknowledged
Who should be on the Authors’ list
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Ethics
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Conflict of Interest
• A financial or other relationship with the publication at odds with the unbiased presentation of data or analysis.
Plagiarism
• Copying another person’s work word for word or paraphrasing without proper citation.
Missing Author Attribution
• Must be given if you use another author’s ideas in your article, even if you do not directly quote a source.
EthicsTypes of misconduct
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Plagiarism
• Avoidplagiarism• Citeandseparateanyverbatimcopied
material– buthowmuch?
• Paraphraseother’stextproperly,andincludecitation
• Creditanyideasfromothersources
• FamiliarizeyourselfwithIEEEPolicies
EthicsEthical publishing
Refer to our Tips Sheet http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/authors/plagiarism_and_multiple_submissions.pdf
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Duplication, Redundancies & Multiple Submissions
• Authormustsubmitoriginalworkthat:• Hasnotappearedelsewhereforpublication
• Isnotunderreviewforanotherrefereedpublication
• Citespreviouswork
• Indicateshowitdiffersfromthepreviouslypublishedwork
• AuthorsMUSTalsoinformtheeditorwhensubmittinganypreviouslypublishedwork
EthicsEthical publishing
Refer to our Tips Sheet http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/authors/plagiarism_and_multiple_submissions.pdf
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Where to Publish?
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TraditionalJournals-Articlesavailablethroughsubscription
OpenAccessJournals–Authorpays,freedownload
HybridJournals–Mostarticlesaretraditional,someareopen
access(authorpreference)28
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Open AccessPublications
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Next Steps
Open Access Opportunity for IEEE Authors (Author pays model)
IEEEprovides3openaccesspublishingoptionstomeetthevaryingneedsofauthors:
• Newmultidisciplinaryjournal,IEEEAccess
• 100+Hybridjournals• Fullyopenaccesstopical
journals
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http://open.ieee.org/More Information
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PES Full Open Access Option #1
IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy– WillstartpublishingarticlesfromJanuary2020– ExistingOAJournalofPowerandEnergyTechnologySystemswillbe
rebrandedwiththisnewname, scopecoveringtheentirefieldofPESforbothpractice-orientedandacademicarticles
– ArticleprocessingchargesubsidisedatUS$1350– Between10-15articleseachyearwillreceivefurthersubsidydepending
onauthors’affordability/circumstances
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PES Full Open Access Option #2
AdedicatedsectiononPower&EnergyforpublishingpapersinthePESfieldinIEEEAccess
– ThesectionwillstartfromJanuary2020,submissionsstartedinSeptember2019
– Paperwillbehandledby3PES-appointedEditors– APC:US$1750
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Impact Factor
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Are we depending too heavily on Impact Factors?
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Impact Factor from Journal Citation Reports
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Impact Factor is not necessarily enough of a metric
Other attributes:
• Journal’sreputationinthecommunityisimportant
• Fornewandlesserknownjournals–lookattheeditorialboard,theirreputation
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Other ways of judging a journal’s value to the engineering community
1. NumberofDownloads(IEEEusesthisinformationforrevenuedistribution)
2. PatentCitations(AvailablefromIEEE)
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Follow-up Steps
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DiscussthecontentamongteammembersLiteraturesearch– ReferenceListDescriptionoftheExperiment/ModelResults/DiscussionWritetheConclusionCollectthecomponents– PreparethedraftAllmemberscommentonthedraftProducethefinalcopy
Process of Writing the Paper
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IwouldliketoseeabroaderIEEEWeneedtoensurethatweare“READYFORRECOVERY”,whenwegetbacktothe“NEWNORMAL”afterCOVID-19.Letusenhancecooperation,collaborationandcommunityspirit.
ForthisweneedtomakeIEEEbroadersothatIEEEismorerelevanttotheworkourmembersdoregardlesswheretheywork.
WeneedmoreparticipationfromvolunteersgloballyinIEEEgovernance.AbroaderbasedIEEEwillmaketheInstitutemorerelevanttotechnologistsandacademicsfromallpartsoftheworld.
IwouldliketoseemoreIEEESeniorMembersandIEEEFellows fromRegions8,9&1040
1
Past-PresidentofIEEEPower&EnergySocietyPast-Chair,IEEEPublicationServices&ProductsBoard
PESaccomplishments:PESUniversityPESCorporateEngagementProgramPESChapters’CouncilsinChina,India,AfricaandLatinAmerica
website: https://www.srahman.org.
Prof.SaifurRahman([email protected])
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