Teaching the Dhimal language to Non-Dhimals

TEACHING

AND

LEARNING

DHIMAL

LANGUAGE

FOR

FOREIGN

PEOPLE IN

THE WORLD

September

2009

It is a short procedure how to teach

Dhimal Language to Non-Dhimal and

Foreigners who keeps desires to learn

the Language of the Dhimal Indigenous

in the world.

Prepared By:

Mr Som

Bahadur

Dhimal.

Morang,

Nepal.

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Dhimal and English Language Dhimal in Roman --------------English Ka -------------------------------------- I Kelai ----------------------------------- we Na -------------------------------------- you(for same age category or junior) Nya------------------------------------- you(for senior married ones) Kya------------------------------------- I ( respected word by married ones) Wa ------------------------------------- he(boy) Aanau---------------------------------- she(girl) Ya -------------------------------------- it Obalai /Imbalai----------------------- they Kaseng ------------------------------- me Kangko ------------------------------- my Kangkong ---------------------------- mine Kelaiheng ---------------------------- us Kelaiko ------------------------------- our Kelaikong ---------------------------- ours Naseng ------------------------------- you(objective case) Nangko------------------------------- your Nangkong---------------------------- yours Waseng------------------------------- him(for boy) Aanauko------------------------------ her(for girl) Wakong------------------------------- his Aanaukong--------------------------- her/ hers Obalaiko------------------------------ their Obalaikong--------------------------- theirs Kang taiming------------------------- myself Kelai taiming ------------------------ ourselves Na taiming ------------------------ yourself Ya taiming ------------------------- itself Wa taiming ------------------------- himself Aanaudong taiming------------------- herself Obalaidong taiming ------------------- themselves. Relations in family or in society Dhimal in Roman------------- English aaba------------------------------ Father aamai-----------------------------Mother chan------------------------------ Son chamindi------------------------- Daughter kaka------------------------------ Uncle aate------------------------------ Aunty, aunt(paternal) mausi--------------------------- Aunty, aunt(maternal) aaju------------------------------ Grandpa aajai----------------------------- Grandma bai------------------------------ Sister one----------------------------- Brother/ sister be------------------------------ Wife ke------------------------------ Husband bhagena------------------------ Nephew(son of sister)

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bhatijo chan------------------- Nephew(son of brother) bhagini------------------------ Niece(daughter of sister) bhatiji chamindi--------------- Niece(daughter of brother) juwa--------------------------- Father-in-law jube---------------------------- Mother-in-law hulme------------------------- Sister-in-law(wife's sister) huigou------------------------- Brother-in-law (wife's younger brother) chuu--------------------------- Grand son/ daughter sanaiti-------------------------- Friend go------------------------------ Brother-in-law (senior sister's husband) hulunga------------------------ Brother-in-law (husband's younger brother) one mhawa-------------------- Brother-in-law(younger sister's husband) bhauji-------------------------- Sister-in-law(senior brother's wife) hulme-------------------------- Sister-in-law(wife's younger sister) yare---------------------------- Sister-in-law(two brothers' wives) taikong mhawa----------------- Son-in-law(own daughter's husband) taikong nama------------------- Daughter-in-law(own son's wife) khori chan------------------------ Step son khori chamindi------------------- Step daughter jimdha--------------------------- Co-wife dandala--------------------------- Co-husband posika chan----------------------- Adopted son posika chamindi------------------- Adopted daughter wajan------------------------------ Boy bejan------------------------------- Girl param ----------------------------- Tie-friend bomi------------------------------- Not relatives taikong---------------------------- Own behula----------------------------- Bridegroom behuli------------------------------ Bride dera-gelai--------------------------- Villagers tai- dyang--------------------------- Own relative.

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Names of seven days in Dhimal Dhimal in Roman--------------- English Deubar ------------------------- Sunday Sambar------------------------- Monday Kharabar----------------------- Tuesday Dhilabar------------------------ Wednesday Bistibar------------------------- Thursday Sukbar-------------------------- Friday Sancharbar--------------------- Saturday Names of Twelve months in Dhimal Dhimal in Roman--------------- English Baisak------------------------- Baisakh Jeth--------------------------- Jeshtha Aakhar----------------------- Asar Saun-------------------------- Shravan Bhader----------------------- Bhadra Aasin------------------------ Asoj Katik------------------------- Kartik Aghan----------------------- Mansir Push------------------------- Poush Tir---------------------------- Magh Fagun------------------------ Falgun Chait-------------------------- Chaitra

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Some Useful Naming Words Dhimal in Roman------------------ English Sa: ----------------------------------house Thame-------------------------------place Skul---------------------------------school Aafis--------------------------------office Dera---------------------------------village Jhar----------------------------------forest Miling--------------------------------field Bagaicha-----------------------------garden Chaha dokan-------------------------tea shop Bazaar/ hate -------------------------market Dhum---------------------------------hill Kotha ---------------------------------room Berhem--------------------------------wall Jhyal------------------------------------window Phinu------------------------------------door Chalhe-----------------------------------roof Kunnaha--------------------------------corner Lisika sa: --------------------------------rest room/ toilet Parika kotha------------------------------study room Um gaka kotha ---------------------------kitchen room Jimka kotha-------------------------------bed room Saleng -----------------------------------court yard Dhara-------------------------------------tap Pooja kotha-------------------------------worship room Dhaba-------------------------------------cloth Sa-at---------------------------------------shirt Kot----------------------------------------coat Sutbut--------------------------------------suit Gamcha------------------------------------muffler Cholho-------------------------------------blouse Tupri---------------------------------------cap/hat Khonja---------------------------------peacock picho-----------------------------------owl khuhwa---------------------------------tiger lokra------------------------------------leopard Tanna------------------------------------bed sheet Suruwal----------------------------------trouser Peti---------------------------------------belt Pheta--------------------------------------turban Nosoi-------------------------------------shawl Kattu--------------------------------------under wear Jyaket-------------------------------------jacket

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Rumal-------------------------------------hanky Sarhi--------------------------------------sari Moja--------------------------------------socks Bona--------------------------------------Dhimal woman's wear Khimso------------------------------------pillow Tauli---------------------------------------towel Chotalai------------------------------------mat Aaskot-------------------------------------waitcoat Parda--------------------------------------curtain Khiya--------------------------------------dog Mesa---------------------------------------goat Gai-----------------------------------------cow Ohya---------------------------------------horse Narhya-------------------------------------elephant Mingkau------------------------------------cat Syaile---------------------------------------jackal Kurchi--------------------------------------chair Tebul---------------------------------------table Mura----------------------------------------stool Aaina----------------------------------------mirror Sim-----------------------------------------mortal Khundi-------------------------------------pestle Galas---------------------------------------glass Chamcha------------------------------------spoon Fultin----------------------------------------pen Bati------------------------------------------cup Kanta----------------------------------------fork Tosi------------------------------------------comb Karha----------------------------------------couldron Daru-----------------------------------------laddle Gesa-----------------------------------------lamp Mombati-------------------------------------candle Bakas---------------------------------------box Baidho--------------------------------------swing Balting--------------------------------------bucket Burus----------------------------------------brush Selenda-------------------------------------- wick Sabhun----------------------------------------soap Kitap-----------------------------------------book Kagaj----------------------------------------paper Kapi-----------------------------------------copy Laha---------------------------------------- sealing wax Metika aanmane------------------------------eraser Naksa---------------------------------------map Yaa--------------------------------------------this Edoigelai-------------------------------------these

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Eta / Iso--------------------------------------here Uso-------------------------------------------there Odoi-------------------------------------------that Odoigelai-------------------------------------those Khandhe--------------------------------------- nut pieces Thanka-----------------------------------------hard/tough Dinang-----------------------------------------daily/always/ everyday Hai---------------------------------------------what Hiso--------------------------------------------where Hasu-paha-------------------------------------from where Hidoi------------------------------------------which Helong-----------------------------------------how many Hethe------------------------------------------how much Hethe dure-------------------------------------how far Hethe barka-----------------------------------how big He-khe-----------------------------------------how often Helau-------------------------------------------when Hasu-heng------------------------------------whom/ who Hasu-ko---------------------------------------whose Hai-pili---------------------------------------why Hasu-------------------------------------------who Jeka--------------------------------------------white Pharaka----------------------------------------far Potoka-----------------------------------------short Lengchaka-------------------------------------happy Aakheka--------------------------------------dirty Sukkha---------------------------------------dry Chichaha-------------------------------------greedy Chertangpaka-------------------------------------angry Pagala----------------------------------------mad Aanai----------------------------------------- ignorant / foolish Bihu-mapaka--------------------------------- unmarried Aangoi-bangoi-------------------------------- idiot Si-ka------------------------------------------ dead Phataha--------------------------------------- naughty Gumsika-------------------------------------- stuffy Gika------------------------------------------- experienced/ known Nalkang/ Chentangko/milika ----------------- familiar/ intimate Badelka---------------------------------------- cloudy Mamingka------------------------------------- not cooked Mingka------------------------------------------ cooked Malederka-------------------------------------- frank Sanhika----------------------------------------- sunny Bheneng-khalko--------------------------------- different Thiligoigoika------------------------------------- terrible, fearful Sahita-paka------------------------------------- helpful

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Nanghang--------------------------------------- naked Gophi/ gholtang---------------------------------- talkative Masobaika--------------------------------------- not matched, ugly Pusung------------------------------------------------hair Puring-------------------------------------------------head Nhatong-----------------------------------------------ear Nhapu------------------------------------------------nose Nui---------------------------------------------------mouth Tasing-----------------------------------------------teeth Kandhe----------------------------------------------shoulder Khur-------------------------------------------------hand Nari--------------------------------------------------wrist Aanguli----------------------------------------------finger Kolhe------------------------------------------------lap Khokoi----------------------------------------------leg Dhale-----------------------------------------------skin Hara------------------------------------------------bone Khursing-------------------------------------------nail Bodhi-----------------------------------------------navel Sukulu--------------------------------------------- lung Kondhong------------------------------------------heart Hiti----------------------------------------------- --blood Biha------------------------------------------------meat Um-------------------------------------------------rice Sar-------------------------------------------------curry/ vegetables Kiyako biha--------------------------------------chicken Payako biha--------------------------------------pork Mesako biha-------------------------------------mutton Gaipiyako biha----------------------------------beef Jolpang-------------------------------------------breakfast Rhimako um-------------------------------------lunch Nitimako jolpang-------------------------------snack Dilimako um------------------------------------dinner Tole-----------------------------------------------bread Biskut--------------------------------------------biscuit Tui------------------------------------------------egg Aachar--------------------------------------------pickle Kurung-------------------------------------------fried rice Chine----------------------------------------------sugar Dahi----------------------------------------------curd Kalai sar------------------------------------------pulse Sarsing-------------------------------------------vegetables Sengpaka biha----------------------------------faggot/ dried meat Haya---------------------------------------------fish Mhaka aanmane--------------------------------narcotic things Aalu----------------------------------------------potato

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Bho-al--------------------------------------------- yam Chaha----------------------------------------------tea Kofi----------------------------------------------- -coffee Chi-------------------------------------------------water Dhanka chi---------------------------------------hot water Dhudhe chaha-------------------------------------hot tea Kagati chi-----------------------------------------lemonade Jus--------------------------------------------------juice Gora------------------------------------------------local liquor / wine Bis --------------------------------------------------poison Nohya----------------------------------------------monkey Khat-------------------------------------------------cot Doiso-----------------------------------------------cradle Chalni----------------------------------------------sieve Chabhi/Sancho------------------------------------key Chimta----------------------------------------------tong Chulha----------------------------------------------oven Sati-------------------------------------------------umbrella Thali-------------------------------------------------plate Dalho------------------------------------------------basket Diham------------------------------------------------rope Bindu------------------------------------------------needle Sute-------------------------------------------------thread Taraju / tule ---------------------------------------balance Ganganaka ----------------------------------------firy Dhana-----------------------------------------------youth/grown up Kabarkuburka-------------------------------------colourful Aatuika---------------------------------------------small Aatuisa----------------------------------------------a little/ a few Ta-ka-----------------------------------------------tasty/delicious Jhauka----------------------------------------------tall Mama-thika---------------------------------------fearless/ brave Chalakh-------------------------------------------clever Dayaka---------------------------------------------kind Barka-----------------------------------------------big Mapha-----------------------------------------------fast/ quickly Haidong manthuka/ garib-------------------------poor Dhani/ istu hika-------------------------------------rich Remka / sobaika------------------------------------beautiful/ pretty/ suitable Remphang-------------------------------------------well Jatingko----------------------------------------------real Khandhuri------------------------------------------belief Lederka---------------------------------------------shy/shame Jahanka---------------------------------------------clean/ pure Rhingka---------------------------------------------long Jamal-----------------------------------------------child

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Burhaka--------------------------------------------old Dhila/ledhra----------------------------------------slow doer Istu-----------------------------------------------------much/many/ quite a lot Aadhamka-------------------------------------------half ripen Aalchhi/ kurhiya Aalthika /----------------------lazy Dhanding-------------------------------------------hot(climate/ things) Therka------------------------------------------------hot(food items/variety) Patelengka-------------------------------------------slim/ thin Rhyaidapaka----------------------------------------sad Jha-ka-------------------------------------------------wet Toika--------------------------------------------------fat Maremka---------------------------------------------bad/ not good Litang-------------------------------------------------in Bahar--------------------------------------------------out Rhuta----------------------------------------------------up Leta----------------------------------------------------down Janka--------------------------------------------------dear/ expensive Lata---------------------------------------------------dumb Aandha-------------------------------------------------blind Nyatong-mahingka----------------------------------deaf Khukalaka-------------------------------------------loose Khaka-------------------------------------------------bitter Bihupaka---------------------------------------------married Keuka-------------------------------------------------curved/ not straight Khali----------------------------------------------------empty Aalasa-------------------------------------------------too much/ a lot Kurukurumka------------------------------------------soft Khadilika---------------------------------------------- slightly bitter kiti-kitika---------------------------------------- -------dark gurung gurung-----------------------------------------thundering gelgulka-------------------------------------------------rotten ghutur-ghutur------------------------------------------- boring,irritating chilau-chilaupa------------------------------------------uproar chi-chika-------------------------------------------------dim chukuika/silisilika----------------------------- smooth chungchalaka----------------------------------- wrinkled chengtang----------------------------------------- near jyahwapang------------------------------------- too much irritating joksong------------------------------------------- early taika------------------------------------------------ salty tihitihika-------------------------------------------- sunny, bright thanka---------------------------------------------- hard, tough khaidongda---------------------------------------- gluttonous da:ka------------------------------------------------ sour ika---------------------------------------------------- red yauka------------------------------------------------ yellow

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nelpa-------------------------------------------------- green khisariphul-------------------------------------------blue bengana rang----------------------------------------violet chauka---------------------------------------------- not tasty, mhituka---------------------------------------------- hungry Infinitive Verbs in Dhimal and English Dhimal in Roman --------------English--------------Dhimal Imperative Lekhili-----------------------------write---------- --------------lekhe Kholili------------------------------pen----------- --------------khole Kamaili----------------------------earn------------ -------------kamai Cholli-------------------------------buy----------- ---------------chol Ubjipali-----------------------------grow---------- --------------ubjipa Phe-li--------------------------------wash/sweep----------------phe Kharchapali------------------------spend-----------------------kharchpa Chhalli-------------------------------choose----------------------chhal Se-li-----------------------------------kill------- -------------------se Kaili----------------------------------call-------- ------------------kai Chali----------------------------------eat--------------------------cha Thalili/surupali---------------------start--------- ---------------thale Tolheli--------------------------------pick up---------------------tolhe Pi-li------------------------------------sell---------------------------pee Banchipali---------------------------save--------------------------banchipa Ta-li-----------------------------------keep-------------------------ta-a Chalaili-------------------------------use---------------------------chalai Gali------------------------------------cook-------------------------ga-a Majjapali-----------------------------enjoy-------- ----------------majjapa Bho-li----------------------------------find------- -------------------bho-a Dopili----------------------------------tell------- --------------------dopi Lagaili---------------------------------wear-------------------------lagai Pili-------------------------------------give---------------------------pee Swaili---------------------------------touch--------------------------swaii Bandapali----------------------------close---------------------------bandapa Aamli---------------------------------drink-------- ------------------aam Pherili--------------------------------change-------------------------phere Chakhili------------------------------taste---------------------------chakhe Hi-li-----------------------------------ask-------- ----------------------hii To-ali----------------------------------dig------------------------------to-a Bhareli--------------------------------fill-------- -----------------------bhare Nilli------------------------------------forget---- -----------------------nil Chumali------------------------------bring--------- -------------------chuma Tanili---------------------------------pull-------- -----------------------tane Rimli----------------------------------arrest/catch---------------------rim Banaili--------------------------------make-----------------------------banai

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Dhirli---------------------------------learn------- -----------------------dhir Bebastapali------------------------------manage/arrange----------------bebastapa Chapali-----------------------------------feed-------------------------------chapa Gandili------------------------------------count-----------------------------gande Thelili-------------------------------------push-------------------------------thele Khandhuri-pali------------------------believe----------------------------khandhuri-pa li-li----------------------------------------bury-- ------------------------------lii aasik-rheli-------------------------------ask bless---------------------------aasik-rhe phu-li-------------------------------------carry--- -----------------------------phu hale-choili-------------------------------plough------------------------------hale choi chobaili----------------------------------chew/munch-----------------------chobai nidhopali--------------------------------confirm--- --------------------------nidhopa bakhraili---------------------------------divide/share-----------------------bakhrai nhali--------------------------------------dance--------------------------------nha chobili------------------------------------dip----- ------------------------------chobe khalipali---------------------------------fry the f at/melt--------------------khalipa lipaili-------------------------------------fart--- -------------------------------lipai jariwana -pali--------------------------fine------- ---------------------------jariwana-pa jho-ali-----------------------------------flow----- -----------------------------jho-a dha-li------------------------------------carry on head/ run--------------dha hanili------------------------------------go------------------------------------hane hela pali--------------------------------dominate---------------------------helapa elpali------------------------------------cure/heal----------------------------elpa sikar ghali-----------------------------hunt----------------------------------sikar gha tongli-----------------------------------jump------ ---------------------------tong lhatheli--------------------------------kick------- ----------------------------lhathe puili------------------------------------knit/weave--------------------------puii gili-------------------------------------know------ ----------------------------gii mho-li----------------------------------hide----------------------------------mho moali-----------------------------------knead--------------------------------moa ladhili----------------------------------leave---------------------------------ladhe de-ali----------------------------------lick------------------------------------de-a

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banchili------------------------------survive--------------------------------banche bihu pali-----------------------------get married-------------------------bihu pa galipali-------------------------------melt----------------------------------galepa tirili-----------------------------------pay------- ----------------------------tire badha pali---------------------------disturb-------------------------------badha pa te-apali-------------------------------stick/ paste--------------------------te-apa dhale sili-----------------------------peel-----------------------------------dhale sii chimthaili----------------------------pinch-------- -------------------------chimthai pe-ali---------------------------------pluck/ pick up-----------------------pe-a huuli----------------------------------pour-------- --------------------------huu chapili-------------------------------have sth-------------------------------chapi jhagarapali-------------------------quarrel-------- ------------------------jhagarapa wailoli-------------------------------rain--------- ------------------------------------------ ghatipali----------------------------decrease------------------------------ghatipa dartapali---------------------------register--------------------------------dartapa pastaili------------------------------regret----------------------------------pastaii bharata pili------------------------rent----------- --------------------------bharata pii dorhyaili---------------------------repeat----------------------------------dorhyaii rajinama pili----------------------resign---------- ------------------------rajinama pii badla rhu-ali----------------------revenge-------------------------------badla rhu-a Parili--------------------------------read--------- --------------------------parhe Manjhili----------------------------wash----------- -----------------------manjhe Gari -chalaili----------------------drive---------- ------------------------gari chalai Sengpali----------------------------dry------------------------------------sengpa Ta-li---------------------------------keep----------------------------------ta-a Jompali-----------------------------collect/ compile--------------------jompa Maneli------------------------------respect-------------------------------mane Rokili-------------------------------stop-----------------------------------roke Gilli/ gilgilli------------------------chase---------------------------------gil/ gilgil Sallapili-----------------------------advise--------------------------------sallapii Tingpali-----------------------------show---------------------------------tingpa Sagaili-------------------------------help----------------------------------saghai Che-ali------------------------------cut------------------------------------che-a Khangli-----------------------------look/care----------------------------khang Thingli------------------------------plant--------- -------------------------thing Mhali-------------------------------blow----------- ------------------------mha Thurli-------------------------------break--------- ------------------------thur Rongaili----------------------------colour---------------------------------rongaii Tangli------------------------------climb---------- ------------------------tang Jabaph-pili------------------------answer--------------------------------jabaph pii Dosuli------------------------------meet------------------------------------dosu Nui-dhuili-------------------------speak/ talk----------------------------nui dhui Ghuraili---------------------------visit----------- -------------------------ghurai Tho-ali-----------------------------spit------------------------------------tho-a Ghurili-----------------------------come back---------------------------ghure Hatipali----------------------------remove-------------------------------hatepa

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Thalli-------------------------------throw--------- ------------------------thal Ho-li--------------------------------fry----------- --------------------------ho-a Rauchighali------------------------tease---------------------------------rauchigha Pisili-------------------------------grind--------- ------------------pise Chithraili-------------------------scratch--------- ---------------chithrai Nhati-heali-----------------------sneeze--------------------------nhati he-a Lengli-----------------------------laugh----------------------------leng Uraili------------------------------fly------------ -------------------uraii Jolaili------------------------------burn---------- ------------------jolai Duipali----------------------------boil------------ ------------------duipa Cherli-----------------------------scold-----------------------------cher Thukali---------------------------reach-----------------------------thuka Jengli-----------------------------be/ bear--------------------------jeng Aaram pali-----------------------rest------------------------------aaram pa Puruskar pili--------------------award------------- --------------puruskar pi Be-li-------------------------------ring----------- -------------------be-a Lholi------------------------------get up-----------------------------lho Rai--------------------------------scatter----------------------------raii Joli--------------------------------sew/ stich------------------------jo-a Darhi cheli-----------------------shave----------------------------darhi che Goli aali--------------------------shoot-----------------------------goli aa Ghurili----------------------------return---------- -----------------ghure Dubili------------------------------sink----------- -------------------dube Khumchaili----------------------shrink------------- ---------------khumchi pa Yomli------------------------------sit down-------------------------yom Chaurhili-------------------------slap------------- -----------------chaurhe Daga banaili---------------------scar------------------------------daga banai Photo khichili-------------------take photo-----------------------photo khiche Aakhipali------------------------make dirty-------- ---------------aakhepa Ja-ali-----------------------------stand up---------------------------ja-a Khuli-----------------------------steal--------------------------------khu Cho-ali---------------------------buy---------------------------------chol Sankha pali----------------------doubt/ suspect-------------------sankha pa Machobaising -nili-------------swallow----------------------------machobaising nii Imli-------------------------------swell----------- ------------------------------------------ Chirhili---------------------------tear------------ ----------------------chirhe Katha pali-------------------------talk------------ ----------------------katha pa Sochili------------------------------think--------- ------------------------soche Jingli--------------------------------tie/ bind---- -------------------------jing Hinglii-------------------------------hear/ listen-------------------------hing Higilli--------------------------------walk-------- -------------------------higil Phirli--------------------------------tremble/shiver---------------------phir Pala pali-----------------------------turn--------------------------------pala pa Ramli---------------------------------vanish----------------------------ram Rhumli-------------------------------wait---------- ---------------------rhum Bhot pili------------------------------cast vote------------------------bhot pii

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Kera chali---------------------------swear/promise-----------------kera cha Chi lagaili----------------------------water---------------------------chi lagai Dhaba -lagaili----------------------wear dress----------------------dhaba lagai Kharli--------------------------------weep-----------------------------khar Swagat pali--------------------------welcome------------------------swagat pa Jitili------------------------------------win------ ------------------------jite Yo-ali-----------------------------------wipe out-----------------------yo-a Kam pali-------------------------------work-------- --------------------kam pa Puja pali--------------------------------worship-----------------------puja pa Phaderli---------------------------------use vulgar word------------phader Milipali---------------------------------arrange--- --------------------milipa Bhog pili---------------------------------sacrifice----------------------bhog pi Manili------------------------------------respect------------------------mane Bakhanaili-----------------------------praise---------------------------bakhanaii Imperative sentences in Dhimal and English Dhimal in Roman ------------ English

1. litang lou-------------------------------- Come in. 2. bahar hane------------------------------go outside. 3. kurchita yom---------------------------wipe out the chair. 4. basgari lita tang-------------------------get on the bus. 5. basgari so leta khu----------------------get off the bus. 6. bahar khang------------------------------look outside. 7. chithi lekhe-------------------------------write a letter. 8. get khole----------------------------------open the gate. 9. paisa kamai------------------------------earn money. 10. aanmane chol. --------------------buy the goods. 11. annabali ubjai. ---------------------grow crops. 12. kotha phe-e. ------------------------sweep the room. 13. nhising kate.-------------------------spend the night. 14. sanaiti chhal.-------------------------choose friend. 15. kiya se. -------------------------------kill the hen. 16. rin rhu: . -----------------------------borrow the loan.

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17. bansalaiheng kai.--------------------call the guests. 18. um cha. ------------------------------eat food. 19. nuidhuili thale.----------------------start speaking. 20. kitap tolhe.---------------------------pick up the book. 21. miling pee.---------------------------sell the land. 22. sampati banchipa.------------------save the property. 23. kampyutar ta-a. --------------------keep computer. 24. chaumen banai.---------------------cook/ make chowmein. 25. pa-tita majja pa.---------------------enjoy the party. 26. benk bho-a.--------------------------find/ search the bank. 27. sanaitiheng nangkobareta do-a.---tell your friend about you. 28. bona lagai.----------------------wear bona(Dhimal women's wears) 29. paisa pee.----------------------------give money. 30. berhem swai.------------------------touch the wall. 31. rhuta lho.----------------------------stand up. 32. dokan banda-pa.--------------------close the shop. 33. chaha aam.--------------------------drink tea. 34. sar chakhe.----------------------------taste curry. 35. dama hee.-----------------------------ask the road. 36. miling to-a.---------------------------dig the field. 37. chi ghalseta bhare.-------------------fill water in pot. 38. lamphako nil.-------------------------forget the past. 39. kafi aam.------------------------------drink coffee. 40. aanmane chuma.---------------------bring the goods. 41. phinu tane.----------------------------pull the door. 42. khiya rim.-----------------------------catch the dog. 43. remka sanaiti banai.------------------make good friend. 44. bhasa dhir.-----------------------------learn language. 45. paisako bebastha pa.------------------arrange money. 46. biha chapa.-----------------------------feed meat. 47. sankhye gandhe.-----------------------count the number. 48. lokhondhaba bhijipa.------------------dip clothes. 49. kitap parhe.-----------------------------read the book. 50. jhyal yo.---------------------------------wipe out window. 51. gari chalai.------------------------------drive a vehicle. 52. khiya ta-a.-------------------------------keep a dog. 53. paisa jompa.----------------------------collect money. 54. dasain mane.----------------------------celebrate Dashain. 55. phinu gee.-------------------------------close the door. 56. khiya gil.---------------------------------chase the dog. 57. tasi manjhe.------------------------------brush teeth. 58. oneheng salla pee.----------------------advise your sister/ brother. 59. sar khite.---------------------------------cut vegetables. 60. jumni lou.-------------------------------come tomorrow. 61. mapha lhou.-----------------------------come fast/quickly.

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62. lhe thing.---------------------------------plant the flower. 63. aanmane mhou.-------------------------hide the goods. 64. lathi thur.--------------------------------break stick. 65. sa: rangai.-------------------------------paint the house. 66. rhuta tang.------------------------------climb upstairs. 67. mandir tingpa.--------------------------show the temple. 68. tai dyangelaiheng bhete.--------------meet your relatives. 69. aaba aamaiheng saghai. ---------------help your parents. 70. aangrejita nuidhui.-----------------------speak in English. 71. gumba ghurai.-----------------------------visit the monastery. 72. saa: maphang lou.-------------------------come home soon. 73. tibhi hatipa.---------------------------------remove the TV. 74. bahar chi huu.------------------------------spill water out. 75. aakhika aanmane thal.--------------------throw the litter. 76. biha ho-a.-----------------------------------fry the meat. 77. rempha leng.-------------------------------laugh gently. 78. me jolai.------------------------------------burn the fire. 79. changa uraipa.-----------------------------fly the kite. 80. chi duipa.----------------------------------boil water. 81. khur yo.------------------------------------wipe out/ dry your hand. 82. nhyati he-a.--------------------------------sneeze out. 83. osere lagai.--------------------------------put ointment. 84. lengcha.-----------------------------------get happy. 85. ungkhu jha.-------------------------------wash rice. 86. tai kam pa.--------------------------------do your work. 87. derabhari phon pa.-----------------------telephone to village. 88. redio hing.--------------------------------listen to the radio. 89. katha bhujhe.-----------------------------understand the matters. 90. pusung kai.-------------------------------comb your hair. 91. photo te-apa.-----------------------------paste the picture. 92. tayar jeng.--------------------------------get ready. 93. gora aam.---------------------------------drink wine(local liquor) 94. juta hou.-----------------------------------put off shoes. 95. patrika pare.------------------------------read the newspaper. 96. katha dhir.--------------------------------learn the things. 97. taalim pa.---------------------------------take training. 98. photo khiche.-----------------------------take photo.

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Dhimal Roman and English Language Counting Number in Dhimal and Hindu Arabic

Dhimal in Roman ----------Hindu Arabic Number E ________ 1 Nhe ________ 2 Sum ________ 3 Dyaa ________ 4 Naa ________ 5 tu: _ _______ 6 nhi ________ 7 yei: ________ 8 kwaahaa ________ 9 te ________ 10 te -e ________ 11 te-nhe ________12 te-su ________13 te-dyaa ________14 te-naa _______15 te-tu: ________16 te-nhi ________17 te-yei: ________18 te-kwaahaa________19 e-kuri ________20 ekuri-e ________21 ekuri-nhe ________22 ekuri-sum ________23 ekuri-dyaa________24 ekuri-naa ________25 ekuri-tu: ________26 ekuri-nhi ________27 ekuri-yei:________28 ekuri-kwaahaa___29 kuri-te. ________30 Ekuri-te-e________ 31 Ekuri-te-nhe________ 32 Ekuri-te-sum________ 33 Ekuri-te-dyaa________ 34 Ekuri-te-naa________ 35 Ekuri-te-tu: ________ 36 Ekuri-te-nhi________ 37 Ekuri-te-yei: ________ 38 Ekuri-te-kwaahaa________ 39 Nhe-kuri________ 40 Nhekuri-e________ 41 Nhekuri-nhe________ 42 Nhekuri-sum________ 43

Nhekuri-dyaa________ 44 Nhekuri-naa________ 45 Nhekuri-tu: ________ 46 Nhekuri-nhi________ 47 Nhekuri-yei: ________ 48 Nhekuri-kwaahaa________ 49 Nhekuri-te________ 50 Nhekuri-te-e________ 51 Nhekuri-te-nhe________ 52 Nhekuri-te-sum________ 53 Nhekuri-te-dyaa________ 54 Nhekuri-te-naa________ 55 Nhekuri-te-tu: ________ 56 Nhekuri-te-nhi________ 57 Nhekuri-te-yei: ________ 58 Nhekuri-te-kwaha________ 59 Sum-kuri________ 60 Sumkuri-e________61 Sumkuri-nhe________62 Sumkuri-sum________63 Sumkuri-dyaa________64 Sumkuri-naa________65 Sumkuri-tu: ________66 Sumkuri-nhi________67 Sumkuri-yei: ________68 Sumkuri-kwaahaa________68 Sumkuri-te________70 Sumkuri-te-e________71 Sumkuri-te-nhe________72 Sumkuri-te-sum________73 Sumkuri-te-dyaa________74 Sumkuri-te-naa________75 Sumkuri-te-tu: ________76 Sumkuri-te-nhi________77 Sumkuri-te-yei: ________78 Sumkuri-te-kwaahaa________79 Dyaa-kuri________80 Dyaakuri-e________81 Dyaakuri-nhe________82 Dyaakuri-sum________83 Dyaakuri-dyaa________84 Dyaakuri-naa________85 Dyaakuri-tu: ________86

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Dyaakuri-nhi________87 Dyaakuri-yei: ________88 Dyaakuri-kwaahaa________89 Dyaakuri-te________90 Dyaakurite-e________91 Dyaakurite-nhe________92 Dyaakurite-sum________93 Dyaakurite-dyaa________94 Dyaakurite-naa________95 Dyaakurite-tu: ________96 Dyaakurite-nhi________97 Dyaakurite-yei: ________98 Dyaakurite-kwaha________99 e-saai / naa kuri________100 Nhe saai________200 Sum saai________300 Dyaa saai________400 Naa saai________500 Tu saai________600 Nhi saai________700 Yei saai________800 Kwaahaa saai________900 e-haajaar________1000 nhe haajaar________2000 sum haajaar________3000 dyaa haajaar________4000 Te hajar________10,000 Ekuri hajar________20,000 Nhe kuri hajar________40,000 Sum kuri hajar________60,000 Dyaa kuri hajar________80,000 Nakuri hajar________100,000 Tekuri hajar________200,000 Tenakuri hajar________300,000 Dyasai hajar________400,000 Nasai hajar________500,000 Tu sai hajar________600,000 Nhi sai hajar________700,000 Yei sai hajar________800,000 Kwaha sai hajar________900,000 Tesai hajar________1000,000 Ekuri-sai hajar________2000,000

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Singular and Plural concepts © For making plural we can add -gelai / hingsang…..gelai etc. Dhimal in Roman---------------------------- English Singular---------- plural(In Dhimal Language) Elong kitap------ Hingsang kitapgelai Elong sa:-------- Hingsang sagelai Elong kotha------- Hingsang kothagelai Elong duphe------- Hingsang duphegelai Singular---------- plural(In English Language) One book--------many books One house-------many houses One room--------many rooms One axe-----------many axes Singular---------- plural(In Dhimal Language) Phinu------------------- Phinugelai Aaina------------------- Aainagelai Tupri------------------- Tuprigelai Chalhe----------------- Chalhegelai Sanaiti------------------ Sanaitigelai Dera-------------------- Deragelai Kurchi----------------- kurchigelai Singular---------- plural(In English Language) Door-------------------------doors. Mirror-----------------------mirrors. Cap---------------------------caps. Roof---------------------------roofs. Friend------------------------friends. Village------------------------villages. Chair--------------------------chairs.

For making Imperative Negative Sentences in Dhimal Language. By adding -"ma"either in noun or in verbs.

Positive sentences Negative sentences 1. Sita hane. 2. Um cha. 3. Kam pa. 4. Bhasa dhir.

1. Sita mahane. 2. Um macha. 3. Kam mapa. 4. Bhasa madhir.

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5. Paisa kamai. 6. remka katha dhir. 7. tai-dyang nal. 8. patrika pare. 9. katha bujhe. 10. Sanaitiheng bhete. 11. Miling choi. 12. Bepar pa. 13. dhabagelai jha-a. 14. oneheng kai. 15. nawa katha dhir. 16. aanmane chol. 17. chaha aam. 18. mapha lhou. 19. chi chuma. 20. dama hi:

5. Paisa makamai. 6. Remka katha madhir. 7. Tai-dyang manal. 8. Patrika mapare. 9. Katha mabujhe. 10. Sanaitiheng mabhete. 11. Miling machoi. 12. Bepar mapa. 13. Dhabagelai majha-a. 14. oneheng makai. 15. nawa katha madhir. 16. aanmane machol. 17. chaha ma-aam. 18. mapha malhou. 19. chi machuma. 20. dama mahi: etc.

Negative in the forms of adjectives. Dhimal Languages in adjectives

1. remka 2. aakheka 3. elka 4. taka 5. lederka 6. rhingka 7. burhaka 8. toika 9. taika 10. mingka 11. gika 12. dhanka 13. tirka 14. gelgulka

1. maremka 2. ma-aakheka 3. maelka 4. mataka 5. malederka 6. marhingka 7. maburhaka 8. matoika 9. mataika 10. mamingka 11. magika 12. madhanka 13. matirka 14. magelgulka

15. daka 16. barka 17. chan 18. sa: 19. istu 20. dure 21. joksong 22. thanka 23. badelka 24. aamai 25. aaju 26. kaka 27. rhingka 28. kepaha

15.jeka 16.mhuika/ aatuika 17.chamindi 18.jhar 19.aatuisa 20.chengtang 21.dhilla 22.nomka 23. sanheka 24. aaba. 25. aajai 26 . aate. 27. potoka 28. danpaha.

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Dhimal Roman and English Language Talking about the day and weather in Dhimal and English:

Simple conversation in Dhimal about day and weather:

Sanaiti A: Nani bahar hiska din hi? Sanaiti B: Nani bahar sanneka din hi. Sanaiti A: Nani Kathmanduta hiska din hi? Sanaiti B: Nani Kathmanduta wailoka din hi. Sanaiti A: Nani derabhari hiska din hi? Sanaiti B: Nani derabhari chungka din hi.

Dhimal language English Dhimal Language. English Language.

1. sanneka din 1. sunny day 2. badelka din 2. cloudy day 3. wailoka din 3. rainy day 4. dhanka din 4. hot day 5. juraka din 5. calm or peaceful day 6. tirka/chungka din 6. cold day 7. hiu lageka din 7. snowy day 8. bherma loka din 8. stormy day 9. hartalko din 9. strike day.

10. bidako din 10. holiday 11. aakas ugrainhaka din 11. clear day. 12. sengthuka ra dhula uraika din 12. dry day 13. jhaka din 13. wetty day Dhimal Language. English Language. 14. hingsang remka din 14. pleasant day. 15. jitika din 15. winning day. 16. lengchaka din 16. happy day 17. tai jolmo din 17.birthday 18. parjatantra loka din 18.democracy day 19. jamalaiko din 19. children's day 20. aabako rhai khangka din 20.father's day 21. aamaiko rhai khangka din 21. mother's day 22. bebalaiko din 22.Women's day 23. bomiko chaka -aamka din 23. festival day 24. kampakalaiko din 24. labour's day. 25. bihupaka din 25. marriage day. 26. skulko din 26. school day

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Belonginess in Dhimal and English.

Simple Present Positive Negative

Dhimal English Dhimal English

Dosa hi / dopha hi. Has Have

Dosa manthu / Dopha manthu.

Has no / have no. Does/do + not have.

Simple Past

Positive Negative

Dhimal English Dhimal English

Dosa highakhe/ dopha highakhe.

Had

Dosa manthughakhe /Dopha manthughakhe.

had no / had no. /did + not have.

Some examples of Positive in Present.

Dhimal English

1. Kan dosa kam hi. 1. I have a work. 2. Kelai dosa sa hi. 2. We have a house. 3. Na dosa paisa hi. 3. You have money. 4. Nelai dosa dera hi. 4. You have a village. 5. Wa dosa sanaiti hi. 5. He has a friend. 6. Aanau dosa aaba aamai hi. 6. She has parents. 7. Oblai dosa aanmanegelai hi. 7. They have goods. 8. Jamalai dosa sako kam hi. 8. Children have homeworks. 9. Derako dyang-gelai dosa gai-

piyagelai hi. 9. The villagers have animals.

10. Bebalai dosa chan chamindigelai hi. 10. The women have children. Some examples of Negative in present.

Dhimal English 1. Kan dopha paisa manthu. 1. I don't have money. 2. Kelai dopha miling manthu. 2. We don't have the land. 3. Na dopha chan manthu. 3. You don't have a son. 4. Nelai dopha hale piya manthu. 4. You don't have yoke. 5. Wa dopha sa manthu. 5. He doesn't have a house. 6. Aanau dopha sanaiti manthu. 6. She has no friend. 7. Oblai dopha phon manthu. 7. They have no telephone. 8. Dyang-gelai dopha kam manthu. 8. People have no works. Dhimal English 1. Kan dosa redio highakhe. 1. I had a radio.

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2. Kelai dosa sampati highakhe. 2. We had property. 3. Na dosa jahan highakhe. 3. You had a family. 4. Nelai dosa sona highakhe. 4. You had gold. 5. Wa dosa chandi highakhe. 5. He had silver. 6. Aanau dosa bagan highakhe. 6. She had a garden. 7. Oblai dosa sarsing highakhe. 7. They had vegetables.

Some examples of Negative in past. Dhimal English 1. Kan dopha kam manthughakhe. 1. I had no work. 2. Kelai dopha miling manthughakhe. 2. We had no land. 3. Na dopha haidong manthughakhe. 3. You had nothing. 4. Nelai dopha hika sa manthughakhe. 4. You had no living house. 5. Wa dopha aamka chi manthughakhe. 5. He had no drinking water. 6. Aanau dopha sanaiti manthughakhe. 6. She had no friend. 7. Oblai dopha kamdong manthughakhe. 7. They had no works.

Simple Present Tense in Dhimal

Rules to remember : - Ka…………………………kha. (comes at the end) Kelai………………………nhakhe. (comes at the end) Na…………………………Khena. (comes at the end) Nelai………………………sukhena.(comes at the end) Wa………………………...khe. (comes at the end) Aanau…………………….khe. (comes at the end) Oblai……………………..khe. (comes at the end) Aaba……………………..khe. (comes at the end) Chan…………………….khe. (comes at the end) etc.

Study the Positive examples:-

Verbs Imperative form

Ka Kelai Na Nelai Wa/Oblai/ Aanau

hili hi hikha hinhakhe hikhena hisukhena. hikhe kamaili kamai kamaikha kamainhakhe kamaikhena kamaisukhena kamaikhe dhirli dhir dhirkha dhirnhakhe dhirkhena dhirsukhena. dhirkhe lekheli lekhe lekhekha lekhenhakhe lekhekhena lekhesukhena lekhekhe

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Simple Examples: Dhimal Dhimal

1. Ka redio hingkha. 2. Kelai redio hingnhakhe. 3. Na redio hingkhena. 4. Nelai redio hingsukhena. 5. Wa redio hingkhe. 6. Aanau redio hingkhe. 7. Oblai redio hingkhe. 8. Aamai redio hingkhe. 9. Aaba redio hingkhe.

• Ka kam pakha. • Kelai kam panhakhe. • Na kam pakhena. • Nelai kam pasukhena. • Wa kam pakhe. • Aanau kam pakhe. • Oblai kam pakhe. • Chan kam pakhe. • Kaka kam pakhe.

Ka kitap lekhikha. Kelai kitap lekhinhakhe. Na kitap lekhikhena. Nelai kitap lekhisukhena. Wa kitap lekhikhe. Aanau kitap lekhikhe. Oblai kitap lekhikhe. X kitap lekhikhe.

Ka hate hanekha. Kelai kitapgelai cholnhakhe. Na talim pakhena. Nelai kathagelai dhirsukhena. Wa dokan chalaikhe. Aanau um gakhe. Oblai/Imbalai derata hikhe. Sanaitigelai kam pakhe.

Study the negative examples:- Verbs Imperativ

e form Ka Kelai Na Nelai Wa/Oblai/

Aanau hili hi mahikha mahinhakhe mahikhena mahisukhena. mahikhe

kamaili kamai makamaikha

makamainhakhe makamaikhena makamaisukhena

dhirli

dhir madhirkha madhirnhakhe madhirkhena madhirsukhena.

madhirkhe

lekheli lekhe malekhekha malekhenhakhe malekhekhena malekhesukhena

malekhekhe

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Dhimal Language and English Dhimal Language A:Na hai kam pakhena? B: Ka dhimal bhasa parekha. A: Kelai Kathmanduta hai panhakhe? B: Kelai kathmanduta talim panhakhe. A:Ka Jorpatita hai pakha? B: Na Jorpatita hikhana. A: Oblai Amerikata hai pakhe? B: Oblai Amerikata kam pakhe. A: Alisa Londonta hai pakhe? B: Wa(aanau)Londonta parekhe. A: Daktar saharta hai pakhe? B: Wa saharta kam pakhe. English Language A: What do you do? B: I learn Dhimal Language. A: What do we do in Kathmandu? B: We take training in Kathmandu. A: What do I do at Jorpati? B: You live at Jorpati. A:What do they do in America? B: They work in America. A: What does Alisa do in London? B: She studies in London. A: What does doctor do in town? B: He works in town.

Present Continuous Tense in Dhimal Rules to remember: -

Ka……………………………………dongkha. (comes at the end) Kelai……………………………..dongnhakhe. (comes at the end) Na…………………………………dongkhena. (comes at the end) Nelai……………………………..dongsukhena.(comes at the end) Wa………………………...................dongkhe. (comes at the end)

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Aanau………………………………..dongkhe. (comes at the end) Oblai…………………………………dongkhe. (comes at the end) Aaba………………………………….dongkhe. (comes at the end) Chan………………………………….dongkhe. (comes at the end) etc.




hili hi hidongkha hidongnhakhe hidongkhena hidongsukhena hidongkhe kamaili kamai kamaidongkha kamaidongnhakhe kamaidongkhena kamaidongsukhena kamaidongkhe dhirli dhir dhirdongkha dhirdongnhakhe dhirdongkhena dhirdongsukhena. dhirdongkhe lekheli lekhe lekhedongkha lekhedongnhakhe lekhedongkhena lekhedongsukhena lekhedongkhe

Dhimal Language 1.Ka dhemalai bhasa dhirdongkha. 2.Ka haya mangdongkha. 3. Ka dera ghuraidongkha. 4. Kelai kathmanduta hidongnhakhe. 5.Kelai karkhanata kam dhirdongnhakhe. 6. Kelai aanusandhan padongnhakhe. 7. Na katha bujhidongkhena. 8. Na aaba ra aamaiheng saghaidongkhena. 9. Na bhansata kam padongkhena. 10.Nelai dhumta ghuraidongsukhena. 11. Nelai mising chamdongsukhena. 12.Nelai kam dhirsudongsukhena. 13.Nelai derata hidongsukhena. 14. Oblai ropa thingdongkhe. 15. Oblai um gadongkhe. 16. Oblai sar khitidongkhe. 17. Wa hate hanidongkhe. 18. Wa ela paridongkhe. 19. Wa aanau takhala-bhanda manjhidongkhe. 20. Wa aanau chaha banaidongkhe. English 1.I am learning Dhimal Language. 2.I am fishing fish. 3. I am visiting the village. 4. We are living in Kathmandu. 5. We are learning work at factory. 6. We are doing research.

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7. You are understanding the things. 8. You are helping parents. 9. You are working in the kitchen. 10. You are visiting the hill. 11. You are collecting the firewood. 12. You are learning the work. 13. You are living in the village. 14. They are planting the paddy. 15. They are cooking rice. 16. They are cutting vegetables. 17. He is going to market. 18. He is reading now. 19.She is brushing the utensils. 20. She is cooking/ making tea.

Negative sentences in Dhimal and in English: For making Negative in Dhimal in Present Continuous, we add -"ma"before the verbs.

Dhimal Language English Language Ka…………ma…dongkha. (comes at the end) Kelai………ma…dongnhakhe. (comes at the end) Na…………ma…dongKhena. (comes at the end) Nelai………ma…dongsukhena.(comes at the end) Wa………..ma…dongkhe. (comes at the end) Aanau…….ma…dongkhe. (comes at the end) Oblai………ma…dongkhe. (comes at the end) Aaba………ma…dongkhe. (comes at the end) Chan………ma…dongkhe. (comes at the end) etc.

I am not Ving….. We are not Ving …… You are not Ving …… You are not Ving …. He is not Ving ……. She is not Ving …… They are not Ving ….. Father is not Ving … Son is not Ving ……

Dhimal Language and English

Time adverbs in Dhimal and English .

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Dhimal Language 1.helaubung/jelaubung 2.pakajhakang 3.bampang 4.belabelata 5.jelauselau 6. helaubung mako 7.haptata ekhe 8.basarta nhekhe 9.mahinata sumkhe 10.din dinang 11. alojholopa 12. ela 13.lagatarpa 14.edoi belata 15.bheneng belata/ Bheneng kheta 16.nani 17, ya basar/ nene bare 18. bheneng basar// donhebare 19. bharkhong/ bharkhar 20. lamphang/ aanchang 21.elabung manthu 22.rhima English Language 1.always 2.frequently 3.often/generally 4.occasionally 5.sometimes 6.never 7.once a week 8.twice a year 9.thrice a month 10.everyday. 11.rarely/hardly 12.now 13.still/ continuously 14. at this moment 15.next time 16.today 17.this year 18. next year 19. just

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20. already 21. not yet 22. morning Dhimal Language 23.nitima 24.dilima 25. nhising 26. nani rhima 27.nani nitima 28. nani dilima 29. nani nhisingta 30.donhebare ya belata 31.aanji 32. e ghanta lampha 33. elangkhining 34. hingsang hingsang basar lampha 35. hanika hapta 36.hanika basar 37. hanika mahina 38. jelau 39. lampha / lamphang 4o. nhuso 41. maphang 42. thekapata 43. donhebare thekapata 44. bhasing 45. song English Language 23. day time 24. evening 25. night 26. today morning 27. today afternoon 28. today evening 29. today night 30. next year at this time 31.yesterday 32.an hour ago 33. just now 34. many many years ago 35. last week 36. last year. 37.Last month 38. when/ while 39. before

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40. after 41. soon 42. by 43. by next year 44. for 45. since

Simple preposition in Dhimal and English. Dhimal Language 1.ta 2. thekapa 3.edopar odopar 4.jhokho/ jokho 5.rhuta 6. sidhang 7.hisangko majhata 8.nhuka/ lesrabhari 9. leta 10. aalitang 11. nhelongko majhata 12.bhasing

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13.so 14.litang 15. ko 16. so leta 17. song 18. pahaso 19. bhari 20. dosa / dopha English Language

1. at/ in 2. upto 3. across 4. about 5. above/ over 6. along 7. among 8. behind 9. down/ below 10. beside 11. between 12. for 13. from 14. in / into 15. of 16. off 17. since 18. through/by 19. to / towards

20.with

Connective clauses in Dhimal and English Dhimal

1.(infinitive) …ko bhasing 2.doteng 3.haipili panu(donu) 4.(noun phrase) …nasing 5. laubung 6.(noun phrase)…laubung 7. odong bhasing 8.ki te/ ki…makunu… 9. Na te / Na…na…(noun)dong… English 1.in order to/ to 2. so that 3. because 4. because of/due to

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5. although/ though/ eventhough 6. inspite of / despite 7. so/ therefore 8.either…or… 9.neither…nor…

Dhimal Language and English Revision Questions of simple present:- Hai(what)?

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Dhimal Language A: Na hai kam pakhena? B: Ka Kathmanduta parekha. Ram: Nelai hai kam pasukhena? Sita: Kelai karkhanako kam panhakhe. Hari: Oblai hai pakhe? Madan: Oblai miling choikhe. Priya: Dyang-gelai derata hai pakhe? Kalpana: Oblai derata bepar pakhe. John: Nangko sanaiti hai pakhe? Alisa: Kangko sanaiti bengta kam pakhe. English Language A: what work do you do ? B: I read in Kathmandu. Ram: What work do you do? Sita: We do factory work. Hari: what do they do? Madan: They plough the field. Priya: what do people do in village? Kalpana: They do business in village. John: What does your friend do? Alisa: She works in bank. Etc.

Revision Questions of simple present Negative:-

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Dhimal Language A: Na hai mapakhena? B: Ka ela maparekha. Aaba: Nelai hai madhisukhena? Chan: Kelai maremka katha madhirnhakhe. Raju: Jamalai hai machakhe? Anita: Jamalai bihya machakhe. Priya: Kamalko aaju hai mapakhe? Kalpana: Wa aafisko kam mapakhe. John: Nangko sanaiti hai ma-amkhe? Alisa: Kangko sanaiti gora ma-amkhe. English Language A: what work do you not do ? B: I do not read. Father: What don't you learn? Son: We don't learn bad things. Raju: What don't children eat? Anita: Children don't eat meat. Priya: What doesn't Kamal's grandfather do? Kalpana: He doesn't do office work. John: What doesn't your friend drink? Alisa: My friend doesn't drink wine. Etc.

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Helau(when)? Dhimal Mona: Bebalai helau kamta hanikhe? Nisa: Oblai te bajeta kamta hanikhe. Wajan: Kumariko aaba helau kitap lekhekhe? Bejan: Wa nhisingta kitap lekhekhe. Kaka: Hari helau paisa chumakhe? Hulme: Wa ekuri nhe gateta paisa chumakhe. English Mona: When do women go at work? Nisa: They go at work at 10 o'clock. Boy: When does Kumari's father write book? Girl: He writes book at night. Uncle: When does Hari bring money? Sister -in -law: He brings money on 22nd .

Heso/ Hiso(where)

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Dhimal Aamai: Kancchi, na heso hanikhena? Chamindi: Ka ela hate hanikha. Aate: Nelai heso kam pasukhena? Bhatija chan: Kelai Pokharata kam panhakhe. Bai: Sita ra Gita heso parekhe? One: Oblaite Londonta parekhe. Aaju: Jamalai nelai heso kam pasukhena? Jamalai: Kelaite Indiako Delhita kam panhakhe. English Aamai: Kancchi, where do you go? Daughter: Now I go to market. Aunt: Where do you work? Nephew: We work in Pokhara. Elder sister: Where do Sita and Gita study? Younger sister: They study in London. Grandfather: Children! Where do you work? Children: We work in Delhi in India.

Hasu(who)

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Dhimal Gita: Hasu, hasu hate hanikhe? Boi: Jharang jamalai hate hanikhe. Ghera: Hasu haya manglhakhe? Pharsi: Dihe derako jharang bebalai haya manglhakhe. Raghe: Hasu nenebare bodesh hanikhe? Dera warang: Nuhe derako jharang wajalai bodesh hanikhe. English Gita: Who go to market? Big father: All children go to market. Ghera: Who go for fishing? Pharsi: All western village women go for fishing. Raghe: Who go abroad this year? Village Old: All Eastern village youths go abroad.

Hasuko(whose)

Dhimal Uma: Hasuko edoi kitapgelai? Asha: Edoi kitapgelai Binako/ Binako edoi kitapgelai. Rita: Edoi jamal hasuko chan? Saru: Edoi jamal Harkeko chan. Dera warang: Ebalai hasu hasuko chan chamindigelai? Bishal: Ya Tara Mayako chamindi, ya Shyam Gopalko chan, ya Bhim kanchha warangko chu-u. English Uma: Whose books are these? Asha: These are Bina's. Rita: Whose son is this baby? Saru: This is Harke's son. Village old: Whose sons and daughters are these? Bishal: This Tara is Maya's daughter, this Shyam is Gopal's son, this Bhim is grand son of Kanchha village old.

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Hesa(How)

Dhimal Aaba: Na hesa nani hate hanekhena? Chan: Ka nani basgaripahaso hate hanekha. Dharme: Nelai hesa paisa kamaisukhena? Wajalai: Kelai kathmanduta kam pateng paisa kamainhakhe. Bai: Nita, na hesa parekhena? Kopila: Ka rhima dilima tyusanta parekha. English Father: How do you go to market today? Son: I go to market by bus today. Dharme: How do you earn money? Boys: We earn money working in Kathmandu. Sister: Nita, how do you read? Kopila: I study in the morning and evening in tuition.

Hidoi(which)

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Dhimal Kaka: Hidoi nangko kam? Era: Yagelai kangko kamgelai. Potong: Hidoi kamgelai nelai dhirsukhena? Kana: Kelai hale choili, sarsing ubjipali, mushar banaili, haya mangka kamgelai dhirnhakhe. Aajai: Sima, na hidoi aanmanegelai chumpukhena? Sima: Ka tebul, daraj ra lokhandhabagelai chumpukha. English Uncle: Which is your work? Era: These are my works. Potong: Which works do you learn ? Kana: We learn ploughing, growing vegetables, growing mushroom, fishing . Grandmother: Sima, which goods do you take? Sima: I take table, cupboard and clothes.

Haipili(why) Dhimal Shanti: Na haipili hate hanekhena? Uma: Ka aanmane cholli bhasing hate hanekha. Ravi: Dyang-gelai haipili Amerika hanekhe? Nagendra: Oblai pareli, kam pali kalau paisa kamaili Amerika hanekhe. Nisa: Gita haipili wako baiko sata hikhe? Manju: Gita wako baiheng saghaili kalau pareli bhasing wako baiko sata hikhe. English Shanti: Why do you go to market? Uma: I go to market to buy goods. Ravi: Why do people go to America? Nagendra: They go to America to study, work and earn money. Nisa: Why does Gita live in her sister's house? Manju: Gita lives in her sister's house to help her sister and study.


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Present Present Perfect Tense in Dhimal Rules to remember: -

Ka……………………………………kahigha. (comes at the end) Kelai…………………………………kahinahi. (comes at the end) Na……………………………………kahina. (comes at the end) Nelai…………………………………kahisuna.(comes at the end) Wa………………………...................kahi. (comes at the end) Aanau………………………………. kahi. (comes at the end) Oblai…………………………….kahi. (comes at the end) Aaba……………………………kahi. (comes at the end) Chan…………………………… kahi. (comes at the end)etc.

Study the positive examples:- Verbs Imperative

form Ka Kelai Na Nelai Wa/Oblai/

Aanau lagaili lagai lagaikahigha lagaikahinahi lagaikahina lagaikahisuna lagaikahi chumali chuma chumakahigha chumakahinahi chumakahina chumakahisuna chumakahi kaili kai kaikahigha kaikahinahi kaikahina kaikahisuna kaikahi aamli aam aamkahigha aamkahinahi aamkahina aamkahisuna aamkahi

Examples of present perfect tense in Dhimal and English.(positive sentences)

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka bharkhor kam dopakahigha. 2.Ka chithi lekhikahigha. 3.Ka sanaitiko sata hanikahigha. 4.Kelai lamphang Pokhara hanikahinahi. 5.Kelai um gakahinahi. 6.Kelai kam dhirkahinahi. 7.Na Kathmandu sahar ghuraikahina. 8.Na hate hanikahina. 9.Nelai derata ghuraikahisuna. 10.Nelai hale choikahisuna. 11.Wa aanmanegelai cholkahi. 12.Wa Fransta hanikahi. 13.Aanau nenebare janch pikahi. 14.Chan ghuraili hanikahi. 15.Oblai banbhoj chalihanikahi. 16.Deragelai ropa thinglidokahi. English Language 1.I have just finished the work. 2.I have written the letter. 3. I have gone to friend's house. 4.We have already gone to Pokhara. 5.We have cooked food. 6. We have learned the work. 7. You have visited Kathmandu town. 8. You have gone to market. 9. You have visited in village. 10. You have ploughed. 11. He has bought goods. 12. He has gone to France. 13. She has taken the exam this year. 14. The son has gone to visit. 15. They have gone to have picnic. 16. The villagers have finished planting the paddy.

Study the negative examples:- Verbs/ Infinitive

Imperative form

Ka Kelai Na Nelai Wa/Aanau/ Oblai

lagaili lagai Lagaika Lagaika Lagaika Lagaika Lagaika

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manthugha manthunahi manthuna manthusuna manthu chumali chuma Chumaka

manthugha Chumaka manthunahi

Chumaka manthuna

Chumaka manthusuna

Chumaka manthu

kaili kai Kaika manthugha

Kaika manthunahi

Kaika manthuna

Kaika manthusuna

Kaika manthu

aamli aam Aamka manthugha

Aamka manthunahi

Aamka manthuna

Aamka manthusuna

Aamka manthu

Examples of present perfect tense in Dhimal and English.(Negative sentences)

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka bharkhor kam dopaka manthugha. 2.Ka chithi lekheka manthugha. 3.Ka sanaitiko sata haneka manthugha. 4.Kelai lamphang Pokhara haneka manthunahi. 5.Kelai um gaka manthunahi. 6.Kelai kam dhirka manthunahi. 7.Na Kathmandu sahar ghuraika manthuna. 8.Na hate haneka manthuna. 9.Nelai derata ghuraika manthusuna. 10.Nelai hale choika manthusuna. 11.Wa aanmanegelai cholkamanthu. 12.Wa Fransta hanekamanthu. 13.Aanau nenebare janch pikamanthu. 14.Chan ghuraili hanekamanthu. 15.Oblai banbhoj chali hanekamanthu. 16.Deragelai ropa thingli dokamanthu. English Language 1.I havenot just finished the work. 2.I havenot written the letter. 3. I havenot gone to friend's house. 4.We havenot already gone to Pokhara. 5.We havenot cooked food. 6. We havenot learned the work. 7. You havenot visited Kathmandu town. 8. You havenot gone to market. 9. You havenot visited in village. 10. You havenot ploughed. 11. He hasnot bought goods. 12. He hasnot gone to France. 13. She hasnot taken the exam this year. 14. The son hasnot gone to visit. 15. They havenot gone to have picnic. 16. The villagers havenot finished planting the paddy.


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Present Present Perfect Continuous Tense in Dhimal. Rules to remember: -

Think Imperative using Verbs or, Remove "li" from t he infinitive(v1)form. Add "ka" after imperative using verbs, then repeat the word again and add"ng" with it.For example. Infinitive form:- chali Removing "li"from it = cha. Add "ka" to it= chaka. Repeat the word and add"ng"to it again= chaka chakang.

Similarly some examples 1. pali paka pakang 2.gali Gaka gakang 3.pili Pika pikang 4. hili Hika hiking 5. pareli Pareka parekang 6.Dhirli dhirka dhirkang 7. thalli Thalka thalkang 8. khangli Khangka khangkang 9.salli Salka salkang 10.thunili Thunika thunikang

Present Present Perfect Continuous Tense in Dhimal Structures. Rules to remember: -

Ka……(as given in example one)……higha.(comes at the end) Kelai……(as given in example one)……hinahi.(comes at the end) Na……(as given in example one)……hina.(comes at the end) Nelai……(as given in example one)……hisuna.(comes at the end) Wa……(as given in example one)……hi.(comes at the end) Aanau……(as given in example one)……hi.(comes at the end) Oblai……(as given in example one)……hi.(comes at the end) Raju……(as given in example one)……hi.(comes at the end) Chan……(as given in example one)……hi.(comes at the end) Rita ……(as given in example one)……hi.(comes at the end) etc.

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Study the positive examples:-

Verbs/ Infinitive

Imperative form


pareli pare Pareka parekang higha.

Pareka parekang hinahi

Pareka parekang hina

Pareka parekang hisuna

Pareka parekang hi

rimli rim Rimka rimkang higha

Rimka rimkang hinahi

Rimka rimkang hina

Rimka rimkang hisuna

Rimka rimkang hi

phompali phompa Phompaka phompakang higha

Phompaka phompakang hinahi

Phompaka phompakang hina

Phompaka phompakang hisuna

Phompaka phompakang hi

yali ya Yaka yakang higha

Yaka yakang hinahi

Yaka yakang hina

Yaka yakang hisuna

Yaka yakang hi

Positive Sentences of Present Perfect Continuos Tense. Dhimal Language 1.Ka rhimasong kam paka pakang higha. 2.Ka tu bajesong pareka parekang higha. 3.Kelai sum bajesong ghaka ghakang hinahi. 4.Kelai lamphangsong Pokharata hika hikang hinahi. 5.Kelai bihuko um gaka gakang hinahi 6.Na aanji dilimasong jimka jimkang hina. 7.Na Kathmandu saharta san 2000 song hika hikang hina. 8.Na nitimasong hate ghuraika ghuraikang hina. 9.Nelai derata miling choika choikang hisuna. 10.Nelai hale choika choikang hisuna. 11.Wa aanmanegelai pika pikang hi. 12.Wa Fransta kam paka pakang hi. 13.Aanau nenebare talim rhuka rhukang hi. 14.Chan rempha pareka parekang hi. 15.Oblai Katarta hika hikang hi. 16.Deragelai than dhamka dhamkang hi. English Language 1.I have been working since morning. 2.I have been reading since 6 o'clock. 3. We have been playing since 3 o'clock. 4.We have been living in Pokhara since past. 5.We have been cooking marriage food. 6. You have been sleeping since yesterday evening. 7. You have been living in Kathmandu town since 2000AD. 8. You have been visiting market since day time. 9. You have been ploughing the field in village. 10. You have been ploughing.

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11. He has been selling the goods. 12. He has been working in France. 13. She has been taking training this year. 14. The son has been reading well. 15. They have been living in Qatar. 16. The villagers have been making the village temple.

Study the negative examples:-

Verbs/ Infinitive

Imperative form


pareli pare Pareka parekang manthugha.

Pareka parekang manthunahi

Pareka parekang manthuna

Pareka parekang manthusuna

Pareka parekang manthu

rimli rim Rimka rimkang manthugha

Rimka rimkang manthunahi

Rimka rimkang manthuna

Rimka rimkang manthusuna

Rimka rimkang manthu

phompali phompa Phompaka phompakang manthugha

Phompaka phompakang manthunahi

Phompaka phompakang manthuna

Phompaka phompakang manthusuna

Phompaka phompakang manthu

yali ya Yaka yakang manthugha

Yaka yakang manthunahi

Yaka yakang manthuna

Yaka yakang manthusuna

Yaka yakang manthu

Negative Sentences of Present Perfect Continuos Tense.

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka rhimasong kam paka pakang manthugha. 2.Ka tu bajesong pareka parekang manthugha. 3.Kelai sum bajesong ghaka ghakang manthunahi. 4.Kelai lamphangsong Pokharata hika hikang manthunahi. 5.Kelai bihuko um gaka gakang manthunahi 6.Na aanji dilimasong jimka jimkang manthuna. 7.Na Kathmandu saharta san 2000 song hika hikang manthuna. 8.Na nitimasong hate ghuraika ghuraikang manthuna. 9.Nelai derata miling choika choikang manthusuna. 10.Nelai hale choika choikang manthusuna. 11.Wa aanmanegelai pika pikang manthu. 12.Wa Fransta kam paka pakang manthu. 13.Aanau nenebare talim rhuka rhukang manthu. 14.Chan rempha pareka parekang manthu. 15.Oblai Katarta hika hikang manthu. 16.Deragelai than dhamka dhamkang manthu. English Language 1.I havenot been working since morning. 2.I havenot been reading since 6 o'clock. 3. We havenot been playing since 3 o'clock. 4.We havenot been living in Pokhara since past. 5. We havenot been cooking marriage food. 6. You havenot been sleeping since yesterday evening. 7. You havenot been living in Kathmandu town since 2000AD. 8. You havenot been visiting market since day time. 9. You havenot been ploughing the field in village. 10. You havenot been ploughing. 11. He hasnot been selling the goods. 12. He hasnot been working in France. 13. She hasnot been taking training this year. 14. The son hasnot been reading well. 15. They havenot been living in Qatar. 16. The villagers havenot been making the village temple.

Dhimal Language and English Simple Past Tense in Dhimal and in English Language.

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Ka……………………………………gha. (comes at the end) Kelai…………………………………nahi. (comes at the end) Na………………………………nha/na. (comes at the end) Nelai…………………………………suna.(comes at the end) Wa………………………...................hi. (comes at the end) Aanau………………………………. hi. (comes at the end) Oblai…………………………………hi. (comes at the end) Kalpana………………………………hi. (comes at the end) Hari…………………………… ……hi. (comes at the end)etc.


Verbs/ Infinitive

Imperative form


nuidhuili nuidhui nuidhuigha nuidhuihahi nuidhuina nuidhuisuna nuidhuihi gandeli gande gandhegha gandenahi gandena gandesuna gandehi phompali phompa phompagha phompanahi phompana Phompasuna phompahi puili pui puigha puinahi puina puisuna puihi

Positive Sentences of Simple Past Tense.

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka aanji hate hanegha. 2.Ka sinima khangha. 3.Ka sanaitiko sata hanigha. 4.Kelai lamphang Pokhara ghurainahi. 5.Kelai aanhebare Japan hanenahi. 6.Kelai kam dhirnahi. 7.Na Chainata kam panha. 8.Na paisa kamainha. 9.Nelai hanika haptata losuna. 10.Nelai hale choisuna. 11.Wa aanmanegelai cholhi. 12.Wa aabaheng saghaihi. 13.Aanau rempha kam dhirhi. 14.Chan ghuraili hanehi. 15.Oblai aanhebare banbhoj chahi. 16.Deragelai ropa thinghi. English Language 1.I went to market yesterday. 2.I saw a film. 3. I went to friend's house. 4.We already visited Pokhara. 5.We went to Japan last year. 6. We learned the work. 7. You worked in China. 8. You earned money. 9. You arrived last week. 10. You ploughed. 11. He bought goods. 12. He helped the father. 13. She learned the work well. 14. The son went to visit. 15. They had picnic last year. 16. The villagers planted the paddy.


Verbs/ Infinitive

Imperative form

Ka Kelai Na Nelai Wa/Aanau/Oblai

nuidhuili nuidhui nuimadhuigha nuimadhuihahi nuimadhuina nuimadhuisuna nuimadhuihigandeli gande magandegha magandenahi magandena magandesuna magandehiphompali phompa Phom-mapagha Phom-mapanahi Phom-mapana Phom-mapasuna Phom-mapahi

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puili pui mapuigha mapuinahi mapuina mapuisuna mapuihi Negative Sentences of Simple Past Tense.

Dhimal Language 1.Ka aanji hate manegha. 2.Ka sinima makhangha. 3.Ka sanaitiko sata mahanegha. 4.Kelai lamphang Pokhara maghurainahi. 5.Kelai aanhebare Japan mahanenahi. 6.Kelai kam madhirnahi. 7.Na Chainata kam mapanha. 8.Na paisa makamainha. 9.Nelai hanika haptata malosuna. 10.Nelai hale machoisuna. 11.Wa aanmanegelai macholhi. 12.Wa aabaheng masaghaihi. 13.Aanau rempha kam madhirhi. 14.Chan ghuraili mahanehi. 15.Oblai aanhebare banbhoj machahi. 16.Deragelai ropa mathinghi. English Language 1.I did not go to market yesterday. 2.I did not see a film. 3. I did not go to friend's house. 4.We already did not visit Pokhara. 5.We did not go to Japan last year. 6. We did not learn the work. 7. You did not work in China. 8. You did not earn money. 9. You did not arrive last week. 10. You did not plough. 11. He did not buy goods. 12. He did not help the father. 13. She did not learn the work well. 14. The son did not go to visit. 15. They did not have picnic last year. 16. The villagers did not plant the paddy.

Dhimal Language and English Past Continuous Tense in Dhimal and in English Language (Positive).

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Ka……………………………dong-ghakha. (comes at the end) Kelai…………………………dong-ghanakhe. (comes at the end) Na……………………………dong-ghakhena. (comes at the end) Nelai…………………………dong-sughena.(comes at the end) Wa………………………........dong-ghakhe. (comes at the end) Aanau……………………… dong-ghakhe. (comes at the end) Oblai………………………… dong-ghakhe. (comes at the end) Kalpana……………………… dong-ghakhe. (comes at the end) Hari…………………………… dong-ghakhe. (comes at the end)


Verbs/ Infinitive

Imperative form


rheli rhe Rhedong-ghakha

Rhedong-ghanakhe

Rhedong-ghakhena

Rhedong-sughena

Rhedong-ghakhe

gandeli gande Gandedong-ghakha

Gandedong-ghakhena

Gandedong-ghakhena

Gandedong-sughena

Gandedong-ghakhe

hingli hing Hingdong-ghakha

Hingdong-ghanakhe

Hingdong-ghakhena

Hingdong-sughena

Hingdong-ghakhe

thalli thal Thaldong-ghakha

Thaldong-ghanakhe

Thaldong-ghakhena

Thaldong-sughekha

Thaldong-ghakhe

Positive examples of Past Continuous Tense in Dhimal and English.

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka aanji rhima paredong-ghakha. 2.Ka sinima khangdong-ghakha. 3.Ka kam padong-ghakha. 4.Kelai Hongkongta hidong-ghanakhe. 5.Kelai aanhebare Japanta ghuraidong-ghanakhe. 6.Kelai talim padong-ghanakhe. 7.Na aanhebare paisa kamaidong-ghakhena. 8.Na miling choidong-ghakhena. 9.Nelai esalau aanhebare sata losudong-sughena. 10.Nelai karkhanata kam padong-sughena. 11.Wa aanmanegelai pidong-ghakhe. 12.Wa dhabagelai phedong-ghakhe. 13.Aanau rempha kam padong-ghakhe. 14.Chan skulta paredong-ghakhe. 15.Oblai bodeshta kam padong-ghakhe. 16.Deragelai miling to-a-dong-ghakhe. English Language 1.I was reading yesterday morning. 2.I was watching a film. 3. I was working. 4.We were staying in Hongkong. 5.We were visiting in Japan last year. 6. We were taking training 7. You were earning money last year. 8. You were ploughing the field. 9. You were coming to house at this time last year. 10. You were working in factory. 11. He was selling the goods. 12. He was washing the clothes. 13. She was working well. 14. The son was reading in school. 15. They were working in abroad. 16. The villagers were digging the field.


Verbs/ Infinitive

Imperative form


rheli rhe Rhekang manthughakha

Rhekang manthughanakhe

Rhekang manthughakhena

Rhekang manthusughena

Rhekang manthughakhe

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gandeli gande Gandekang manthughakha

Gandekang manthughakhena


Gandekang manthusughena

Gandekang manthughakhe

hingli hing Hingkang manthughakha

Hingkang manthughanakhe

Hingkang manthughakhena

Hingkang manthusughena

Hingkang manthughakhe

thalli thal Thalkang manthughakha

Thalkang manthughanakhe

Thalkang manthughakhena

Thalkang manthusughekha

Thalkang manthughakhe

Negative examples of Past Continuous Tense in Dhimal and English. Dhimal Language 1.Ka aanji rhima parekang manthughakha. 2.Ka sinima khangkang manthughakha. 3.Ka kam pakang manthughakha. 4.Kelai Hongkongta hikang manthughanakhe. 5.Kelai aanhebare Japanta ghuraikang manthughanakhe. 6.Kelai talim pakang manthughanakhe. 7.Na aanhebare paisa kamaikang manthughakhena. 8.Na miling choikang manthughakhena. 9.Nelai esalau aanhebare sata losukang manthusughena. 10.Nelai karkhanata kam pakang manthusughena. 11.Wa aanmanegelai pikang manthughakhe. 12.Wa dhabagelai phekang manthughakhe. 13.Aanau rempha kam pakang manthughakhe. 14.Chan skulta parekang manthughakhe. 15.Oblai bodeshta kam pakang manthughakhe. 16.Deragelai miling to-a-kang manthughakhe. English Language 1.I was not reading yesterday morning. 2.I was not watching a film. 3. I was not working. 4.We were not staying in Hongkong. 5.We were not visiting in Japan last year. 6. We were not taking training 7. You were not earning money last year. 8. You were not ploughing the field. 9. You were not coming to house at this time last year. 10. You were not working in factory. 11. He was not selling the goods. 12. He was not washing the clothes. 13. She was not doing work well. 14. The son was not reading in school. 15. They were not working in abroad. 16. The villagers were not digging the field.

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Dhimal Language and English Past Perfect Tense in Dhimal and in English Language (Positive)

Ka……………………………kahighakha. (comes at the end) Kelai…………………………kahighanakhe. (comes at the end) Na……………………………kahighakhena. (comes at the end) Nelai…………………………kahisughena.(comes at the end) Wa……………………….......kahighakhe. (comes at the end) Aanau……………………… kahighakhe. (comes at the end) Oblai………………………… kahighakhe. (comes at the end) Kalpana……………………… kahighakhe. (comes at the end) Hari…………………………… kahighakhe. (comes at the end)


Verbs/ Infinitive

Imperative form

Ka Kelai Na Nelai Wa/Aanau/Oblai

rheli rhe Rhekahighakha Rhekahighanakhe Rhekahighakhena Rhekahisughena Rhekahighakhegandeli gande Gandekahighakha Gandekahighakhena Gandekahighakhena Gandekahisughena Gandekahighakhehingli hing Hingkanghighakha Hingkahighanakhe Hingkahighakhena Hingkahisughena Hingkahighakhethalli thal Thalkanghighakha Thalkahighanakhe Thalkahighakhena Thalkahisughekha Thalkahighakhe

Positive examples of Past Perfect Tense in Dhimal and English.

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka aanji rhima pareka highakha. 2.Ka sinima khangka highakha. 3.Ka kam paka highakha. 4.Kelai Hongkongta hika highanakhe. 5.Kelai aanhebare Japanta ghuraika highanakhe. 6.Kelai talim paka highanakhe. 7.Na aanhebare paisa kamaika highakhena. 8.Na miling choika highakhena. 9.Nelai esalau aanhebare sata losuka hisughena. 10.Nelai karkhanata kam paka hisughena. 11.Wa aanmanegelai pika highakhe. 12.Wa dhabagelai pheka highakhe. 13.Aanau rempha kam paka highakhe. 14.Chan skulta pareka highakhe. 15.Oblai bodeshta kam paka highakhe. 16.Deragelai miling to-a-ka highakhe. English Language 1.I had read yesterday morning. 2.I had seen a film. 3. I had worked. 4.We had stayed in Hongkong. 5.We had visited in Japan last year. 6. We had taken training 7. You had earned money last year. 8. You had ploughed the field. 9. You had come to house at this time last year. 10. You had worked in factory. 11. He had sold the goods. 12. He had washed the clothes. 13. She had worked well. 14. The son had read in school. 15. They had worked in abroad. 16. The villagers had dug the field.


Verbs/ Infinitive

Imperative form


rheli rhe Rhekang manthughakha

Rhekang manthughanakhe

Rhekang manthughakhena

Rhekang manthusughena

Rhekang manthughakhe

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gandeli gande Gandekang manthughakha



Gandekang manthusughena

Gandekang manthughakhe

hingli hing Hingkang manthughakha

Hingkang manthughanakhe

Hingkang manthughakhena

Hingkang manthusughena

Hingkang manthughakhe

thalli thal Thalkang manthughakha

Thalkang manthughanakhe

Thalkang manthughakhena

Thalkang manthusughekha

Thalkang manthughakhe

Negative examples of Past Perfect Tense in Dhimal and English.

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka aanji rhima parekang manthughakha. 2.Ka sinima khangkang manthughakha. 3.Ka kam pakang manthughakha. 4.Kelai Hongkongta hikang manthughanakhe. 5.Kelai aanhebare Japanta ghuraikang manthughanakhe. 6.Kelai talim pakang manthughanakhe. 7.Na aanhebare paisa kamaikang manthughakhena. 8.Na miling choikang manthughakhena. 9.Nelai esalau aanhebare sata losukang manthusughena. 10.Nelai karkhanata kam pakang manthusughena. 11.Wa aanmanegelai pikang manthughakhe. 12.Wa dhabagelai phekang manthughakhe. 13.Aanau rempha kam pakang manthughakhe. 14.Chan skulta parekang manthughakhe. 15.Oblai bodeshta kam pakang manthughakhe. 16.Deragelai miling to-a-kang manthughakhe. English Language 1.I had not read yesterday morning. 2.I had not seen a film. 3. I had not worked. 4.We had not lived in Hongkong. 5.We had not visited in Japan last year. 6. We had not taken training 7. You had not earned money last year. 8. You had not ploughed the field. 9. You had not come to house at this time last year. 10. You had not worked in factory. 11. He had not sold the goods. 12. He had not washed the clothes. 13. She had not done work well. 14. The son had not read in school. 15. They had not worked in abroad. 16. The villagers had not dug the field.

Dhimal Language and English Past Perfect Continuous Tense in Dhimal. Rules to remember: -

59

Think Imperative using Verbs or, Remove "li" from t he infinitive(v1)form. Add "ka" after imperative using verbs, then repeat the word again and add"ng" with it.For example. Infinitive form:- chali Removing "li"from it = cha. Add "ka" to it= chaka. Repeat the word and add"ng"to next again= chaka chakang.

Similarly some examples 1. thirli Thirka thirkang 2.saghaili Saghaika saghaikang 3.rheli Rheka rhekang 4. kholili Kholeka kholekang 5. pareli Pareka parekang 6.ta-a-li Ta-a-ka ta-a-kang 7. chumali Chumaka chumakang 8. ghuraili Ghuraika ghuraikang 9.ba-a-li Ba-a-ka ba-a-kang 10.ghali Ghaka ghakang

Past Perfect Continuous Tense in Dhimal Structures. Rules to remember: -

Ka……(as given in example one)……highakha.(comes at the end) Kelai……(as given in example one)……highanakhe.(comes at the end) Na……(as given in example one)……highakhena.(comes at the end) Nelai……(as given in example one)……hisughena.(comes at the end) Wa……(as given in example one)……highakhe.(comes at the end) Aanau……(as given in example one)…… highakhe.(comes at the end) Oblai……(as given in example one)…… highakhe.(comes at the end) Raju……(as given in example one)…… highakhe.(comes at the end) Chan……(as given in example one)…… highakhe.(comes at the end) Rita ……(as given in example one)…… highakhe.(comes at the end) etc.




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thirli

thir Thirka thirkang highakha

Thirka thirkang highanakha

Thirka thirkang highakhena

Thirka thirkang highasughena.

Thirka thirkang highakhe

saghaili

saghai Saghaika saghaikang highakha

Saghaika saghaikang highanakhe

Saghaika saghaikang highakhena

Saghaika saghaikang highasughena

Saghaika saghaikang highakhe

ghali

gha Ghaka ghakang highakha

Ghaka ghakang highanakhe

Ghaka ghakang highakhena

Ghaka ghakang highasughena

Ghaka ghakang highakhe.

dhirli dhir Dhirka dhirkang highakha

Dhirka dhirkang highanakhe

Dhirka dhirkang highakhena

Dhirka dhirkang highasughena

Dhirka dhirkang highakhe

Positive Sentences of Past Perfect Continuos Tense.

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka rhimasong kam paka pakang highakha. 2.Ka tu bajesong pareka parekang highakha. 3.Kelai sum bajesong ghaka ghakang highanakhe. 4.Kelai lamphang song Pokharata hika hikang highanakhe. 5.Kelai bihuko um gaka gakang highanakhe. 6.Na aanji dilimasong jimka jimkang highakhena. 7.Na Kathmandu saharta san 2000 song hika hikang highakhena. 8.Na nitimasong hate ghuraika ghuraikang highakhena. 9.Nelai derata miling choika choikang hisughena. 10.Nelai hale choika choikang hisughena. 11.Wa aanmanegelai pika pikang highakhe. 12.Wa Fransta kam paka pakang highakhe. 13.Aanau nenebare talim rhuka rhukang highakhe. 14.Chan rempha pareka parekang highakhe. 15.Oblai Katarta hika hikang highakhe. 16.Deragelai than dhamka dhamkang highakhe. English Language 1.I had been working since morning. 2.I had been reading since 6 o'clock. 3. We had been playing since 3 o'clock. 4.We had been living in Pokhara since past. 5.We had been cooking marriage food. 6. You had been sleeping since yesterday evening. 7. You had been living in Kathmandu town since 2000AD. 8. You had been visiting market since day time. 9. You had been ploughing the field in village. 10. You had been ploughing. 11. He had been selling the goods. 12. He had been working in France. 13. She had been taking training this year. 14. The son had been reading well. 15. They had been living in Qatar. 16. The villagers had been making the village temple.

Study the negative examples:- Verbs Imperative

form Ka Kelai Na Nelai Wa/Oblai/

Aanau thirli

thir Thirka thirkang manthughakha

Thirka thirkang manthughanakhe

Thirka thirkang manthughakhena

Thirka thirkang manthusughena.

Thirka thirkang manthughakhe

saghaili saghai Saghaika Saghaika Saghaika Saghaika Saghaika

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saghaikang manthughakha

saghaikang manthughanakhe

saghaikang manthughakhena

saghaikang manthusughena

saghaikang manthughakhe

ghali

gha Ghaka ghakang manthughakha

Ghaka ghakang manthughanakhe

Ghaka ghakang manthughakhena

Ghaka ghakang manthusughena

Ghaka ghakang manthughakhe.

dhirli dhir Dhirka dhirkang manthughakha

Dhirka dhirkang manthughanakhe

Dhirka dhirkang manthughakhena

Dhirka dhirkang manthusughena

Dhirka dhirkang manthughakhe

Negative Sentences of Past Perfect Continuos Tense.

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka rhimasong kam paka pakang manthughakha. 2.Ka tu bajesong pareka parekang manthughakha. 3.Kelai sum bajesong ghaka ghakang manthughenahi. 4.Kelai lamphangsong Pokharata hika hikang manthughenahi. 5.Kelai bihuko um gaka gakang manthughenahi. 6.Na aanji dilimasong jimka jimkang manthughena. 7.Na Kathmandusaharta san 2000 song hika hikang manthughena. 8.Na nitimasong hate ghuraika ghuraikang manthughena. 9.Nelai derata miling choika choikang manthusughena. 10.Nelai hale choika choikang manthusughena. 11.Wa aanmanegelai pika pikang manthughakhe. 12.Wa Fransta kam paka pakang manthughakhe. 13.Aanau aanhebare talim rhuka rhukang manthughakhe. 14.Chan rempha pareka parekang manthughakhe. 15.Oblai Katarta hika hikang manthughakhe. 16.Deragelai than dhamka dhamkang manthughakhe. English Language 1.I had not been working since morning. 2.I had not been reading since 6 o'clock. 3. We had not been playing since 3 o'clock. 4.We had not been living in Pokhara since past. 5. We had not been cooking marriage food. 6. You had not been sleeping since yesterday evening. 7. You had not been living in Kathmandu town since 2000AD. 8. You had not been visiting market since day time. 9. You had not been ploughing the field in village. 10. You had not been ploughing. 11. He had not been selling the goods. 12. He had not been working in France. 13. She had not been taking training last year. 14. The son had not been reading well. 15. They had not been living in Qatar. 16. The villagers had not been making the village temple.

Dhimal Language and English Simple Future Tense in Dhimal and English Language (Positive)

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Ka…………………………….ngka. (comes at the end) Kelai…………………………. ng.(comes at the end) Na……………………………. na.(comes at the end) Nelai………………………….swana.(comes at the end) Wa………………………........wa. (comes at the end) Aanau……………………… . wa.(comes at the end) Oblai………………………….wa. (comes at the end) Kalpana……………………….wa. (comes at the end) Hari…………………………… . wa.(comes at the end)

Study the Positive examples:- Verbs Imperative

form Ka Kelai Na Nelai Wa/Oblai/ Aanau

chali cha Changka. Chang. Chana. Chaswana. Chawa. pali pa Pangka. Pang. Pana. Paswana. Pawa.. lholi lho Lhotangka. Lhotang. Lhotana. Lhoswana. Lhotawa. dhirli dhir Dhirangka. Dhirang. Dhirana. Dhirswana. Dhirawa.

Positive Sentences of Simple Furure Tense in Dhimal. Dhimal Language 1.Ka um changka. 2.Kelai um chang. 3.Na um chana. 4. Nelai um chaswana. 5. Wa um chawa. 6.Aanau um chawa. 7. Oblai/ Imbalai um chawa. English Language 1. I will eat food. 2. We will eat food. 3.You will eat food. 4.You will eat food. 5. He will eat food. 6. She will eat food. 7.They will eat food.

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1.Ka hate hanangka. 2.Kelai hate hanang. 3.Na hate hanana. 4. Nelai hate haniswana. 5.Wa hate hanawa. 6.Aanau hate hanawa. 7. Oblai hate hanawa. 8.Aaba hate hanawa. 1. I will go to market. 2. We will go to market. 3. You will go to market. 4.You will go to market. 5. He will go to market. 6.She will go to market. 7. They will go to market. 8. The father will go to market.

1. Ka kitap paryangka. 2. Kelai kitapgelai paryang. 3. Na kitapgelai paryana. 4. Nelai kitapgelai pareswana. 5. Wa kitip paryawa. 6. Aanau kitap paryawa. 7. Sanaiti kitap paryawa. 8. Oblai/Imbalai kitapgelai paryawa.

1.I will read a book. 2. We will read books. 3. You will read books. 4. You will read books. 5.He will read a book. 6.She will read a book. 7. The friend will read a book. 8. They will read books.




chali cha machangka. machang. machana. machaswana. machawa. pali pa Mapangka. mapang. mapana. mapaswana. mapawa..

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lholi lho malhotangka. malhotang. malhotana. malhoswana. malhotawa. dhirli dhir madhirangka. madhirang. madhirana. madhirswana. madhirawa.

Negative Sentences of Simple Furure Tense in Dhimal. Dhimal Language 1.Ka gora ma-aamangka. 2.Kelai gora ma-aamang. 3.Na gora ma-aamana. 4. Nelai gora ma-aamswana. 5. Wa gora ma-aamawa. 6.Aanau gora ma-aamawa. 7.Oblai/ Imbalai gora ma-aamawa. English Language 1. I will not drink wine. 2. We will not drink wine. 3.You will not drink wine. 4.You will not drink wine. 5. He will not drink wine. 6. She will not drink wine. 7.They will not drink wine. 1.Ka paisa machumangka. 2.Kelai paisa machumang. 3.Na paisa machumana. 4. Nelai paisa machumaswana. 5.Wa paisa machumawa. 6.Aanau paisa machumawa. 7. Oblai paisa machumawa. 8.Aaba paisa machumawa. 1. I will not bring money. 2. We will not bring money. 3. You will not bring money. 4.You will not bring money. 5. He will not bring money. 6.She will not bring money. 7. They will not bring money. 8. The father will not bring money.

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1.Ka osang mahyangka. 2. Kelai osang mahyang. 3.Na osang mahyana. 4.Nelai osang mahiswana. 5. Wa osang mahyawa. 6.Aanau osang mahyawa. 7.Oblai osang mahyawa. 8.Deragelai osang mahyawa. 1.I will not stay without work. 2. We will not stay without work. 3. You will not stay without work. 4. You will not stay without work. 5.He will not stay without work 6.She will not stay without work 7. They will not stay without work 8. The villagers will not stay without work Dhimal Language and English Future Continuous Tense in Dhimal and English Language (Positive)

Ka……………………………teng-hyangka. (comes at the end) Kelai…………………………. teng-hyang.(comes at the end) Na……………………………. teng-hyana.(comes at the end) Nelai………………………….teng-hiswana.(comes at the end) Wa………………………........teng-hyawa. (comes at the end) Aanau……………………… . teng-hyawa. (comes at the end) Oblai/Imbalai… ……………. teng-hyawa. (comes at the end) Kalpana………………………. teng-hyawa. (comes at the end) Hari…………………………… . teng-hyawa. (comes at the end)



chali cha Chateng-hyangka.

Chateng-hyang.

Chateng-hyana.

Chateng -hiswana.

Chateng-hyawa.

pali pa Pateng-hyangka.

Pateng-hyang.

Pateng-hyana.

Pateng-hiswana.

Pateng-hyawa.

lholi lho Lhoteng-hyangka.

Lhoteng-hyang.

Lhoteng-hyana.

Lhoteng-hiswana.

Lhoteng-hyawa.

dhirli dhir Dhirteng-hyangka.

Dhirteng-hyang.

Dhirteng-hyana.

Dhirteng-hiswana.

Dhirteng-hyawa.

Positive Sentences of Furure Continuous Tense in Dhimal.

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Dhimal Language 1.Ka kam pateng-hyangka. 2.Kelai kam pateng-hyang. 3.Na kam pateng-hyana. 4. Nelai kam pateng-hiswana. 5. Wa kam pateng-hyawa. 6.Aanau kam pateng-hyawa. 7. Oblai/ Imbalai kam pateng-hyawa. English Language 1. I will be working. 2. We will be working. 3.You will be working. 4.You will be working. 5. He will be working. 6. She will be working. 7.They will be working. 1.Ka pareteng-hyangka. 2.Kelai pareteng-hyang. 3.Na pareteng-hyana. 4. Nelai pareteng-hiswana. 5.Wa pareteng-hyawa. 6.Aanau pareteng-hyawa. 7. Oblai pareteng-hyawa. 8.Aaba pareteng-hyawa. 1. I will be reading. 2. We will be readin be reading. 3. You will be reading. 4.You will be reading. 5. He will be reading. 6.She will be reading. 7. They will be reading. 8. The father will be reading. 1.Ka aanusandhan pateng-hyangka. 2.Kelai aanusandhan pateng-hyang. 3.Na aanusandhan pateng-hyana. 4. Nelai aanusandhan pateng-hiswana. 5. Wa aanusandhan pateng-hyawa. 6.Aanau aanusandhan pateng-hyawa. 7.Oblai aanusandhan pateng-hyawa. 8.Dhemalai aanusandhan pateng-hyawa. 1.I will be doing research work. 2. We will be doing research work.

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3. You will be doing research work. 4. You will be doing research work. 5.He will be doing research work. 6.She will be doing research work. 7. They will be doing research work. 8. The Dhimals will be doing research work.




chali cha Chateng-mahyangka.

Chateng-mahyang.

Chateng-mahyana.

Chateng -mahiswana.

Chateng-mahyawa.

pali pa Pateng-mahyangka.

Pateng-mahyang.

Pateng-mahyana.

Pateng-mahiswana.

Pateng-mahyawa.

lholi lho Lhoteng-mahyangka.

Lhoteng-mahyang.

Lhoteng-mahyana.

Lhoteng-mahiswana.

Lhoteng-mahyawa.

dhirli dhir Dhirteng-mahyangka.

Dhirteng-mahyang.

Dhirteng-mahyana.

Dhirteng-mahiswana.

Dhirteng-mahyawa.

Negative Sentences of Furure Continuous Tense in Dhimal.

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Dhimal Language-------------English Language 1.Ka hale choiteng-mahyangka.. 2.Kelai hale choiteng-mahyang. 3.Na hale choiteng-mahyana. 4. Nelai hale choiteng-mahiswana. 5. Wa hale choiteng-mahyawa. 6.Aanau hale choiteng-mahyawa. 7. Oblai/ Imbalai hale choiteng-mahyawa. 1. I will not be ploughing. 2. We will not be ploughing. 3.You will not be ploughing. 4.You will not be ploughing. 5. He will not be ploughing. 6. She will not be ploughing. 7.They will not be ploughing. 1.Ka talim pateng-mahyangka. 2.Kelai talim pateng-mahyang. 3.Na talim pateng-mahyana. 4. Nelai talim pateng-mahiswana. 5.Wa talim pateng-mahyawa. 6.Aanau talim pateng-mahyawa. 7. Oblai talim pateng-mahyawa. 8.Aaba talim pateng-mahyawa. 1. I will not be taking training. 2. We will not be taking training. 3. You will not be taking training. 4.You will not be taking training. 5. He will not be taking training. 6.She will not be taking training. 7. They will not be taking training. 8. The father will not be taking training. 1.Ka katha dhirteng-mahyangka. 2.Kelai katha dhirteng-mahyang. 3.Na katha dhirteng-mahyana. 4. Nelai katha dhirteng-mahiswana. 5. Wa katha dhirteng-mahyawa. 6.Aanau katha dhirteng-mahyawa. 7.Oblai katha dhirteng-mahyawa. 8.Dhemalai katha dhirteng-mahyawa. 1.I will not be learning the things. 2. We will not be learning the things.

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3. You will not be learning the things. 4. You will not be learning the things. 5.He will not be learning the things. 6.She will not be learning the things. 7. They will not be learning the things. 8. The Dhimals will not be learning the things.

Dhimal Language and English Future Perfect Tense in Dhimal and English Language (Positive)

Ka……………………………dotangka. (comes at the end) Kelai…………………………. dotang.(comes at the end) Na……………………………. dotana.(comes at the end) Nelai………………………….doswana.(comes at the end) Wa………………………........dotawa. (comes at the end) Aanau……………………… . dotawa. (comes at the end) Oblai/Imbalai………………. dotawa. (comes at the end) Kalpana………………………. dotawa. (comes at the end) Hari…………………………… . dotawa. (comes at the end)



jengli jeng Jengli-dotangka.

Jengli-dotang.

Jengli-dotana.

Jengli-doswana.

Jengli-dotawa.

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kamaili kamai Kamaili-dotangka.

Kamaili-dotang.

Kamaili-dotana.

Kamaili-doswana.

Kamaili-dotawa.

thingli thing Thingli-dotangka.

Thingli-dotang.

Thingli-dotana.

Thingli-doswana.

Thingli-dotawa.

lekheli lekhe Lekheli-dotangka.

Lekheli-dotang.

Lekheli-dotana.

Lekheli-doswana.

Lekheli-dotana.

Positive Sentences of Furure Perfect Tense in Dhimal.

Dhimal Language------------English Language 1.Ka donhebare thekapa pareli dotangka.. 2.Kelai e mahina thekapa Indiya ghuraili-dotang. 3.Na bheneng hapta thekapa talim pali-dotana. 4. Nelai nhe hajar sum kuri te basar thekapa nawa yugata dhulli-doswana. 5. Wa bheneng basar thekapa kam dhirli-dotawa. 6.Aanau donhebare thekapa bihupali-dotawa. 7. Oblai/ Imbalai jumni thekapa kam pali- dotawa. 1. I will have completed reading by next year. 2. We will have visited India within the month. 3.You will have completed the training by next week. 4.You will have entered in new era by 2070 BS. 5. He will have learned the work by next year. 6. She will have got married by next year. 7.They will have completed the work by tomorrow.

1.Ka bheneng parbha thekapa Singapore thukali-dotangka. 2.Kelai san nhe hajar te basar thekapa Dhemalaiko lipi olhepali- dotang. 3.Na nhe basar nhuso daktar jengli-dotana. 4. Nelai paisa kamaili-doswana. 5.Wa bhasa pareli- dotawa. 6.Aanau remka kam dhirli-dotawa. 7. Oblai dera banaili-dotawa. 1. I will have reached Singapore by next Tihar. 2. We will have discovered the Dhimal script by 2010 AD. 3. You will have been doctor after two years. 4.You will have earned money. 5. He will have read the language. 6.She will have learned the work. 7. They will have made the village.

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jengli jeng Jengli-madotangka.

Jengli-madotang.

Jengli-madotana.

Jengli-madoswana.

Jengli-madotawa.

kamaili kamai Kamaili-madotangka.

Kamaili-madotang.

Kamaili-madotana.

Kamaili-madoswana.

Kamaili-madotawa.

thingli thing Thingli-madotangka.

Thingli-madotang.

Thingli-madotana.

Thingli-madoswana.

Thingli-madotawa.

lekheli lekhe Lekheli-madotangka.

Lekheli-madotang.

Lekheli-madotana.

Lekheli-madoswana.

Lekheli-madotana.

Negative Sentences of Furure Perfect Tense in Dhimal.

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Dhimal Language-----------English Language 1.Ka donhebare thekapa pareli madotangka.. 2.Kelai e mahina thekapa Indiya ghuraili-madotang. 3.Na bheneng hapta thekapa talim pali-madotana. 4. Nelai nhe hajar sum kuri te basar thekapa nawa yugata dhulli-madoswana. 5. Wa bheneng basar thekapa kam dhirli-madotawa. 6.Aanau donhebare thekapa bihupali-madotawa. 7. Oblai/ Imbalai jumni thekapa kam pali-ma dotawa. 1. I will not have completed reading by next year. 2. We will not have visited India within the month. 3. You will not have completed the training by next week. 4. You will not have entered in new era by 2070 BS. 5. He will not have learned the work by next year. 6. She will not have got married by next year. 7. They will not have completed the work by tomorrow. 1.Ka bheneng parbha thekapa Singapore thukali-madotangka. 2.Kelai san nhe hajar te basar thekapa Dhemalaiko lipi olhepali- madotang. 3.Na nhe basar nhuso daktar jengli-madotana. 4. Nelai paisa kamaili-madoswana. 5.Wa bhasa pareli- madotawa. 6.Aanau remka kam dhirli-madotawa. 7. Oblai dera banaili-madotawa. 1. I will not have reached Singapore by next Tihar. 2. We will not have discovered the Dhimal script by 2010 AD. 3. You will not have been doctor after two years. 4.You will not have earned money. 5. He will not have read the language. 6.She will not have learned the work. 7. They will not have made the village.

Dhimal Language and English Future Perfect Continuous Tense in Dhimal and English Language (Positive)

Ka……………………………hyangka. (comes at the end) Kelai…………………………. hyang.(comes at the end) Na……………………………. hyana.(comes at the end) Nelai………………………….hiswana.(comes at the end)

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Wa………………………........hyawa. (comes at the end) Aanau……………………… . hyawa. (comes at the end) Oblai/Imbalai………………. hyawa. (comes at the end) Kalpana………………………. hyawa. (comes at the end) Hari…………………………… . hyawa. (comes at the end)



jengli jeng Jengka jengkang hyangka..

Jengka jengkang hyang.

Jengka jengkang hyana.

Jengka jengkang hiswana.

Jengka jengkang hyawa

kamaili kamai Kamaika kamaikang hyangka.

Kamaika kamaikang hyang.

Kamaika kamaikang hyana.

Kamaika kamaikang hiswana.

Kamaika kamaikang hyawa..

thingli thing Thingka thingkang hyangka.

Thingka thingkang hyang.

Thingka thingkang hyana.

Thingka thingkang hiswana.

Thingka thingkang hyawa.

lekheli lekhe Lekheka lekhekang hyangka.

Lekheka lekhekang hyang.

Lekheka lekhekang hyana.

Lekheka lekhekang hiswana.

Lekheka lekhekang hyawa.

Positive Sentences of Furure Perfect Continuous Tense in Dhimal.

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Dhimal Language---------------English Language 1.Ka jibanbhar dhirka dhirkang hyangka. 2.Kelai kam paka pakang hyang. 3.Na Londonta hika hikang hyana. 4. Nelai talim paka pakang hiswana. 5. Wa paisa kamaika kamaikang hyawa. 6.Aanau bahar hika hikang hyawa. 7. Oblai/ Imbalai pareka parekang hyawa. 1. I will have been learning the whole life. 2. We will have been working. 3.You will have living in London. 4.You will have been taking training. 5. He will have earning money. 6. She will have living outside. 7.They will have been reading . 1.Ka skulta parepaka parepakang hyangka. 2.Kelai nawa kathagelai dhirka dhirkang hyang. 3.Na derata sewa paka pakang hyana. 4. Nelai bepar paka pakang hiswana. 5.Wa bhasako aanusandhan paka pakang hyawa. 6.Aanau kitap lekheka lekhekang hyawa. 7. Oblai dera banaika banaikang hyawa. 1. I will have teaching in school. 2. We will have been learning the new things. 3. You will have been serving the village. 4.You will have been doing the business. 5. He will have been doing language research. 6.She will have been writing the book. 7. They will have been making the village.




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jengli jeng Jengka jengkang mahyangka..

Jengka jengkang mahyang.

Jengka jengkang mahyana.

Jengka jengkang mahiswana.

Jengka jengkang mahyawa

kamaili kamai Kamaika kamaikang mahyangka.

Kamaika kamaikang mahyang.

Kamaika kamaikang mahyana.

Kamaika kamaikang mahiswana.

Kamaika kamaikang mahyawa..

thingli thing Thingka thingkang mahyangka.

Thingka thingkang mahyang.

Thingka thingkang mahyana.

Thingka thingkang mahiswana.

Thingka thingkang mahyawa.

lekheli lekhe Lekheka lekhekang mahyangka.

Lekheka lekhekang mahyang.

Lekheka lekhekang mahyana.

Lekheka lekhekang mahiswana.

Lekheka lekhekang mahyawa.

Negative Sentences of Furure Perfect Continuous Tense in Dhimal. Dhimal Language-----------------English Language 1.Ka jibanbhar dhirka dhirkang mahyangka. 2.Kelai kam paka pakang mahyang. 3.Na Londonta hika hikang mahyana. 4. Nelai talim paka pakang mahiswana. 5. Wa paisa kamaika kamaikang mahyawa. 6.Aanau bahar hika hikang mahyawa. 7. Oblai/ Imbalai pareka parekang mahyawa. 1. I will not have been learning the whole life. 2. We will not have been working. 3.You will not have living in London. 4.You will not have been taking training. 5. He will not have earning money. 6. She will not have living outside. 7.They will not have been reading .

1.Ka skulta parepaka parepakang mahyangka. 2.Kelai nawa kathagelai dhirka dhirkang mahyang. 3.Na derata sewa paka pakang mahyana. 4. Nelai bepar paka pakang mahiswana. 5.Wa bhasako aanusandhan paka pakang mahyawa. 6.Aanau kitap lekheka lekhekang mahyawa. 7. Oblai dera banaika banaikang mahyawa. 1. I will not have teaching in school. 2. We will not have been learning the new things. 3. You will not have been serving the village. 4.You will not have been doing the business.

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5. He will not have been doing language research. 6.She will not have been writing the book. 7. They will not have been making the village.

Talking about Ability Positive:

Dhimal-------------English 1.Ka dwangka 2. Kelai dwang. 3. Na dwana. 4. Nelai doswana. 5. Wa dwawa/dokhe. 6. Aanau dwawa/dokhe. 7. Oblai dwawa/dokhe. 8. Dyang-gelai dwawa/dokhe. 1.I can. 2. We can. 3. You can.(singular) 4. You can.(plural) 5.He can. 6.She can. 7. They can. 8.People can.

Some positive examples: Dhimal English

1. Ka sita haneli dwangka. 2. Kelai pareli dwang. 3. Na bodesta kampali dwana. 4. Nelai kam dhirli doswana. 5. Wa miling choili dwawa. 6. Aanau um gali dwawa. 7. Oblai talim rhuli dwawa. 8. Dyang-gelai hate banaili dwawa.

1. I can go to house. 2. We can read. 3. You can work in abroad. 4. You can learn the work. 5.He can plough the field. 6.She can cook food. 7. They can take the training. 8.People can make the market.

Negative: Dhimal English

1.Ka madwangka 2. Kelai madwang. 3. Na madwana.

1.I can't. 2. We can't. 3. You can't. (singular)

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4. Nelai madoswana. 5. Wa madwawa/madokhe. 6. Aanau madwawa/madokhe. 7. Oblai madwawa/madokhe. 8. Dyang-gelai madwawa/madokhe.

4. You can't. (plural) 5.He can't. 6.She can't. 7. They can't. 8.People can't.

Some Negative examples: Dhimal English

1. Ka sita haneli madwangka. 2. Kelai pareli madwang. 3. Na bodesta kampali madwana. 4. Nelai kam dhirli madoswana. 5. Wa miling choili madwawa. 6. Aanau um gali madwawa. 7. Oblai talim rhuli madwawa. 8. Dyang-gelai hate banaili madwawa.

1. I can't go to house. 2. We can't read. 3. You can't work in abroad. 4. You can't learn the work. 5.He can't plough the field. 6.She can't cook food. 7. They can't take the training. 8.People can't make the market.

Conversation: Maya: Na chi chumali dwana ? Gita: Ei, ka dwangka. Usha: Na haya mangle dwana ? Nisa: Aanha, ka madwangka. Hari: Nangko aaba gari chalaili dwawa? Shyam: Ei, wa dokhe. Mina: Sanaitigelai kam pali dokhe ? Aamai: Aanha, oblai madokhe. Aaba: Jamalai hai pali dokhe? Aamai: Oblai sako kamgelai pali dokhe. Urmila: Hasu um gali dwang? Shanti: Ka um gali dwangka.

Talking about possibility and probability in Dhimal and English:

Positive structures: Dhimal English

1. Ka…jyangka /jenangka wala. 2. Kelai…jyang / jenang wala. 3. Na…….jenana wala. 4. Nelai…… jengswana wala. 5. Wa …… jyang/jenang wala. 6. Aanau… jyang/jenang wala. 7. Oblai/ Imbalai… jyang/jenang wala. 8. Nani / ya/ edoi … jyang/jenang wala.

1. I may/ might+infinitive form ……. 2. We may/ might+infinitive form ……. 3. You may/ might+infinitive form ……. 4. You may/ might+infinitive form ……. 5. He may/ might+infinitive form …….. 6. She may/ might+infinitive form ……. 7. They may/ might+infinitive form …… 8. Today/ this/ that may/ might+infinitive form …

Examples:

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One: Nani hiska din jyang wala? Bai: Nani sanhetang wala. / Nani sanheka din jyang wala.

Uma: Jumni hiska mausam jyang wala? Kopila: Jumni badelang wala./ Jumni badelka din jyang wala.

Aaju: Nenebare hiska ubjani jyang wala? Aaba: Nenebare remka ubjani jyang wala.

Prem: Nani bahar hiska jyang wala? Mohan: Nani bahar chunang wala. / Nani bahar chungka din jyang wala. Dada: Shanti na basar nhuso hai jyang wala? Bai: Wa aanau na basar nhuso daktar jyang wala. Sanaiti: Obalai nhuso hai jyang wala? Aate: Kaseng lagikhe nhuso obalai neta jyang wala. Krishna: Na te basar nhuso hai jyana wala? Sima: Ka te basar nhuso lekhak jenangka wala. Kesar: Sanaitigelai chanchamindiko palata hai jyang wala? Kedar: Obalai ingko belata warang jyang wala.

Negative structures: Dhimal English

1.Ka…majyangka /majenangka wala. 2.Kelai…majyang / majenang wala. 3.Na…….majenana wala. 4.Nelai…… majengswana wala. 5.Wa …… majyang/majenang wala. 6.Aanau… majyang/majenang wala. 7.Oblai/ Imbalai…majyang/majenang wala. 8.Nani / ya/ edoi … majyang/majenang wala.

1. I may/ might+not+infinitive form … 2. We may/ might+not+infinitive form 3.You may/ might+not+infinitive form … 4.You may/ might+not+infinitive form … 5.He may/ might+not+infinitive form … 6.She may/ might+not+infinitive form … 7.They may/ might+not+infinitive form … 8.Today/ this/ that may/might+not+infinitive form …

Dhimal English

1.Ka sa dhamli madwangka wala. 2.Kelai barka dyang majenang wala. 3.Na 4.Nelai…… majengswana wala. 5.Wa …… majyang/majenang wala. 6.Aanau… majyang/majenang wala. 7.Oblai/ Imbalai…majyang/majenang wala. 8.Nani / ya/ edoi … majyang/majenang wala.

1. I may/ might+not+infinitive form … 2. We may/ might+not+infinitive form 3.You may/ might+not+infinitive form … 4.You may/ might+not+infinitive form … 5.He may/ might+not+infinitive form … 6.She may/ might+not+infinitive form … 7.They may/ might+not+infinitive form … 8.Today/ this/ that may/might+not+infinitive form …

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Possibility and Probability Use of : May ( with persons) ( simple future Dhimal +wala)

Dhimal Structures Ka……………ngka wala. Kelai………….ng wala. Na……………..na wala. Nelai………….swana wala. Wa…………….wa wala. Aanau…………wa wala. Imbalai………..wa wala. Oblai………….wa wala.

Dhimal ------------------English 1.Ka lwangka wala. 2.Kelai oblaiheng saghayang wala. 3. Na paisa kamayana wala. 4.Nelai nhuswana wala. 5.Wa Kathmandu bhari hanawa wala. 6. Aanau sarsing hateta cholawa wala. 7. Oblai jamalaiheng skul bhari dingilawa wala. 8.Imbalai parbhata ghurayawa wala.

1. I may come. 2. We may help them. 3. You may earn money. 4. You may be backward. 5. He may go to Kathmandu. 6. She may buy vegetables in the market. 7. They may send children to school. 8. They may visit in Tihar. Use of : Might.( more possibility)

Dhimal Structures Ka……………ngka bung wala. Kelai………….ng bung wala. Na……………..na bung wala. Nelai………….swana bung wala. Wa…………….wa bung wala. Aanau…………wa bung wala. Imbalai………..wa bung wala. Oblai………….wa bung wala.

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Dhimal------------------English 1. Ka lwangkabung wala. 2. Kelai oblaiheng saghayangbung wala. 3. Na paisa kamayanabung wala. 4. Nelai nhuswanabung wala. 5. Wa Kathmandu bhari hanawabung wala. 6. Aanau sarsing hateta cholawabung wala. 7. Oblai jamalaiheng skul bhari dingilawabung wala. 8. Imbalai parbhata ghurayawabung wala. 1. I might come. 2. We might help them. 3. You might earn money. 4. You might be backward. 5. He might go to Kathmandu. 6. She might buy vegetables in the market. 7. They might send children to school. 8. They might visit in Tihar.

Obligations:

Have to / has to / should / ought to + infinitive…… Must +infinitive…………….. Use of : Have to / has to / should / ought to + infinitive…… Must +infinitive……………..

Dhimal Structures Ka………(infinitive form)- ling goya. Kelai………(infinitive form)- ling goyang. Na………(infinitive form)- ling goyana. Nelai………(infinitive form)- ling goiswana. Wa………(infinitive form)- ling goyawa. Aanau………(infinitive form)- ling goyawa. Imbalai………(infinitive form)- ling goyawa. Oblai………(infinitive form)- ling goyawa.

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Dhimal ----------------English 1. Ka kampaling goya. 2. Kelai kampaling goyang. 3. Na kampaling goyana. 4. Nelai kampaling goiswana. 5. Wa kampaling goyawa. 6. Aanau kampaling goyawa. 7. Imbalai/Oblai kampaling goyawa. 1. I must work. 2. We must work. 3. You must work. 4. You must work. 5. He must work. 6. She must work. 7. They must work.

Permission: Use of : May/ Can……………..?

Dhimal Structures Ka………(infinitive form) dwangka wala? Kelai………(infinitive form) dwang wala? Na………(infinitive form) dwana wala? Nelai………(infinitive form) doswana wala ? Wa………(infinitive form) dwawa wala ? Aanau………(infinitive form) dwawa wala ? Imbalai………(infinitive form) dwawa wala ? Oblai………(infinitive form) dwawa wala ?

Dhimal -----------------English 1. Ka lita loli dwangka wala? 2. Kelai bahar haneli dwang wala? 3. Na saghaili dwana wala? 4. Nelai aanmanegelai chumpili doswana wala? 5. Wa paisa pili dwawa wala? 6. Aanau um gali dwawa wala? 7. Imbalai gaipiyagelai khangpili dwawa wala?

1. May I come in? 2. May we go outside? 3. Can you help? 4. Can you carry the goods? 5. Can he give the money? 6. Can she cook food? 7. Can they look after animals?

Teaching the Dhimal language to Non-Dhimals

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