Teaching Design: The IISc Perspectivedeconstructingdesign.iith.ac.in/documents/05_AmareshChak...- Devara Dasimayya (translated by AK Ramanujan) Thank you for your attention Title One

Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India MHRD-IITH Deconstructing Design Workshop, New Delhi, 6 November 2013

Amaresh Chakrabarti

Teaching Design: The IISc Perspective

Amaresh Chakrabarti: Brief Bio

1985: BE in Mechanical Engg (Bengal Eng College, Shibpur, U of Kolkata, India)

1987: ME in Mechanical Systems Design (IISc, Bangalore, India)

1987: Design Engineer (Hindustan Motors, India)

1991: PhD in Engg Design Synthesis with Nehru Fellowship (U of Cambridge, UK)

1991-2001: Teaching & Research (U of Cambridge, UK)

2001-now: Teaching & Research (Professor since 2007, CPDM, IISc Bangalore)

Research: creativity, sustainability, knowledge, VR, biomimetics, MEMS

Collaborations: Boeing, Airbus, BAe, Panasonic, IMI, HLL, ISRO…`

Over 230 papers, 10 books (6 with Springer), 6 patents granted/pending

Assoc. Editor AIE (CUP), Regional Editor J of Reman (Springer), Area Editor RED (Springer)

Advisory Editor for 8 other international journals

Advisory Board: Design Society UK (elected twice), Lulea U or Tech, Sweden, USID, India…

Board of Management, Design Society, UK since 2013 (first ever from outside Europe/America in its 35 year history)

Developed DRM- most widely used design research methodology in the world

Member CII National Committee on Design, member of the jury for India Design Award…

Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Engineering Designers, UK (first outside UK in its 70 year history)

Six papers received ‘Best Paper’ awards in international conferences

Founding programme chair for ICoRD series of conferences – the first conference series on research into design in India

Genesis Space Probe

Launched

August 2001

Collect particles

from solar wind

1.6 million km

from Earth

Supposed to launch a

parachute upon re-

entry into Earth’s

atmosphere

8 September 2004

Oops!

“Back to front switches blamed for space probe crash”

Cost: $250 million

“… the most likely reason for the accident was that

engineers assembling the Genesis probe more than

four years ago had been misled by faulty designs …”

Error

Design is Complex!

Design is Important!

Story of the ‘Genesis’ Probe...

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

Indian Institute of science, Bangalore

• Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is the most prestigious Institution in India – Postgraduate University

• 40+ departments: all areas of science and engineering, incl. design

• 400+ faculty members with PhD from premier institutions around the world

• 3200+ students: 2600 PhD, 600 Masters

• About 18% of all research papers published from India in engineering are from IISc

• One of only three strategic universities with Boeing outside the USA, the other two being Cambridge U, UK, Tsinghua U, China

Centre for Product Design

and Manufacturing (CPDM)

Pursue

excellence in

education,

research and

industrial

interaction in

design and

manufacturing

CPDM

• Masters in design (M.Des) programme – 25 students per year, 2 years

– Graduate engineers and architects as input

– Training in technical, aesthetic and ergonomic aspects

– Working prototypes with aesthetic-ergonomic appeal (about 30% patentable)

• PhD/MSc programme in design research – Pioneered the first formal PhD programme in design in India

– Creativity, collaboration, ecodesign, safety, PLM, human factors

– Research labs: IdeasLab, VR Lab, Human Factors Lab, CADLab…

– 30+ PhD students graduated; another 30+ pursuing PhD

– 14 faculty members with PhD from some of the best universities in the world

• PD Practice – Industry-IISc joint venture for PD consultancy (APDAP)

– Large industrial projects: Boeing, GM, IMI, Unilever, Tata Motors, TVS…

– One of the first Design Innovation Centres (DIC) by MHRD, India

– Indo-US Network Centre for Excellence Sustainable Manufacturing

» With UC Berkeley, Syracuse, Washington U

Comparison (2007-2011)

per year, per faculty

Outreach Industry

• Projects, product design and development

• Over 20 companies - Boeing, GM, TATA

Motors, M&M, ISRO…

Academia

• Collaboration with NTNU, Norway; TUDelft,

The Netherlands;

• Biennial Design Research conference – 4th one during January, 2013 (ICORD’13) at Chennai

What is design?

• Design: Plan of a system, its implementation and utilisation for

attaining a goal: change undesired to desired

• Designing: How a design is developed

• Designs can be for: technical systems (power plant), educational

systems (Montessori Method), aesthetic systems (logo designs,

advertisements), legal systems, social, religious or cultural systems,

theories, Models, etc.

Undesired

Situation

Desired

Situation

Plan

Implemented

and utilized as

intended

Goal

Outstanding Engineers (taken from International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 2013

Vol. 1, No. 1, 56–68, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21650349.2013.754643

• Analysed biography of 12 outstanding engineers to seek common traits

1. Archimedes (Greece) 2. Leonardo da Vinci (Italy) 3. James Watt (UK) 4. Isambard Kingdom Brunel (UK) 5. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (France) 6. Thomas Alva Edison (USA) 7. Alexander Graham Bell (UK/USA) 8. Nicola Tesla (Serbia/USA) 9. Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (Germany) 10. Henry Ford (USA) 11. Orville and Wilbur Wright (USA) 12. Soichiro Honda (Japan)

Common Traits among these individuals

1. Diverse interest and high levels of curiosity: Heat engines, chemistry, biofuel, art, languages, social theory (Diesel)

2. Drive to solve problems, achieve goals, apply principles: Honda and Ford both wanted to “create history.”

3. Hard work, perseverance, patience: “Genius is one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine per cent perspiration.”

4. Positive attitude, self-belief: “When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off

against the wind, not with it.”

5. High standard: not easily satisfied, discontent of status quo

6. Keenness on action: “…people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let things happen to them. They...happened to things.”

7. Learning: “Learning never exhausts the mind.”

8. Questioning accepted wisdom: “If we worked on the assumption that what is accepted as true really is true, then there

would be little hope for advance,”

9. Environment: Diesel partnered with MAN that provided construction facility; da Vinci part of “Medici” effect

10. Knowledge: imagination/intuition, independent thinking, validated domain knowledge, hands-on skills

Common working patterns in these individuals

Synthesis Analysis

Problem-driven

Curiosity-driven

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Indian Design Teaching Scenario

Synthesis Analysis

Technical Functions

Non-Technical Functions

Technology

Institutions Gap

Design

Institutions Gap

Design uses knowledge of Society, Business, Technology and Ecology

Develops or integrates knowledge to provide value to society to fulfil its needs

Society

Technology

Business

Design

Ecology

What should IITs teach in Design?

What should we teach in Design?

1. Design as the integrating theme in technology education: design as a holistic concept

2. Design thinking as the common approach to problem finding and solving

3. Developing different types of designs: technology, product, service, business

4. Technology as the central element: functional designs that are aesthetic, ergonomic…

5. Importance of teamwork

6. Importance of skills and prototyping

7. Importance of domain knowledge: society, technology, ecology and business

8. Importance of process knowledge: imagination, intuition, methodology, independent thinking

9. Importance of observation and learning

10. Importance of research into design

Structured design process

Technical orientation to address functionality

Immersion into user environment

Strong emphasis on realisability of design

Learning by doing

Research into design

Focus on products meeting social needs

water, sustainable mobility, bio-medical devices,

design for affordability, frugal innovation

Design @CPDM

Curriculum

Tools and Skills - Product Visualisation, CAD and Prototyping, Computer Aided Engineering

Methodology - Elements of Design, Product Design, Creative Engineering Design, Ergonomics

Engineering - Elements of Engineering Design, Materials and Manufacturing, Mechatronics, Mechanical Packaging

Management - Design Management, Product Planning and Marketing

Practice - Mini Design Project, Computer Aided Product Design, Main project

Reflection - Design and Society, Design Research Methodology

Hand held Hair Dryer

Himanshu Mishra

No heating element Effect of swirl and vortices to increase mean path of contact Effect of mixing air flows on enhanced moisture absorptive capacity.

Drying force is the difference between the vapor pressure in the air and the saturation pressure at the same temperature

• Orientation of 2 fans

• Distance between them

Dialysis Chair

Novel mechanism to achieve three positions with two

actuators

Jain, Miskeen and Sen

Submission of abstracts: 15 February 2014

Acceptance decision of abstracts: 15 March 2014

Full papers: 15 May 2014

Acceptance decision for full papers: 15 July 2014

Copyright form and final paper submission: 1 September 2014

Registration for authors: 1 October 2014

Conference: 7-9 January 2015

Programme Chair:

Amaresh Chakrabarti,

[email protected]

Conference Secretariat:

[email protected] http://cpdm.iisc.ernet.in/icord15/#/overview.php

Full paper submission: 15 June 2014

Paper acceptance notifications: 1 September 2014

Copyright, Final paper, Registration: 1 October 2014

Conference: 12-14 January 2015

Conference Chair: Amaresh Chakrabarti, India

Vice Chair: Yukari Nagai, Japan

Programme Chair: Toshiharu Taura, Japan

http://cpdm.iisc.ernet.in/icdc2014/#/overview.php

Towards Structured Innovation

• Immersion • Realisation • Incubation • Research/Reflection (both for and into design)

Combine teaching, practice and reflection

Fire can burn

But cannot move

Wind can move

But cannot burn

Till fire joins wind

It cannot take a step

Do men know

It’s like that

With knowing and doing?

In closing…

- Devara Dasimayya (translated by AK Ramanujan)

Thank you for

your attention

http://www.cpdm.iisc.ernet.in/