This text is a careless compilation of handouts collected when I was teaching basic Chinese language. It is pretty much like an list of vocabs gathered tematicaly. I hope it shall be of any use for those that wish to study this beautiful language. Text uses Chinese characters and Chinese language transcription system Pinyin. Explenations expressions are based on Electronic Chinese- English, English-Chinese dictionary Wenlin. The author would like to express his gratitude towards Wenlin editors. Table of contents: (Lexical part) Abuse page 2-3 Competition page 4-6 E ducation page 7-8 Education 2 page 9-10 Negotiations page 11-12 Wishes page 13-14 Work and studies page 15 Personality page 16-18 Traveling 1
This text is a careless compilation of handouts collected when I was teaching basic Chinese language. It is pretty much like an list of vocabs gathered tematicaly. I hope it shall be of any use for those that wish to study this beautiful language.
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This text is a careless compilation of handouts collected when I was teaching basic Chinese language. It is pretty much like an list of vocabs gathered tematicaly. I hope it shall be of any use for those that wish to study this beautiful language.
Text uses Chinese characters and Chinese language transcription system Pinyin.
Explenations expressions are based on Electronic Chinese-English, English-Chinese dictionary Wenlin. The author would like to express his gratitude towards Wenlin editors.
Table of contents:
(Lexical part)Abuse page 2-3Competition page 4-6 E ducation page 7-8 Education 2 page 9-10Negotiations page 11-12Wishes page 13-14Work and studies page 15 Personality page 16-18 Traveling page 19-20 At work page 21-22
(Grammatical part)Ajectives page 23-24 Conjunctions in Chinese page 25-26Modal Verbs page 27-28
为学 page 29-30
1
Abuse
Abuse of power lànyòng 滥用 v. abuse; misuse| lanyong zijin |tānwū 贪污 attr. corrupt; venal n. corruption; graft◆| Tā yīnwéi ∼ bèi jiězhí le | He was dismissed because of graft.
wēixié 威胁 v. menace; imperil; threaten; intimidate[threaten] | Tamen jingchang weixie ruozhe |[endanger] | 1991 nian, dashui weixie zhe zuo jianzhuwu |lèsuǒ 勒索 v. extort; blackmail | Nà wèi bǎiwàn fùwēng bèi ∼le shíwàn Měijīn | The millionare was forced to give up one hundred thousand dollars.
sāorǎo 骚扰 v. harass; molest | Yǒu rén dǎ diànhuà ∼ nà wèi diànyǐng míngxīng | Someone is harassing the movie star with phone calls.| Shiwu sui shaonu zai gongjiaoche shang yu xing saorao |
wūrǔ 污辱 n./v. humiliate; insult①| Ta shuo zhe ju hua shi guyi wuru women |bēibǐwúchǐ 卑鄙无耻 f.e. contemptible and shameless
màrén 骂人 v.o. swear/curse (at people)
bǎohù 保护 v. protect; safeguard
nüèdài 虐待 v. maltreat; tyrannize; abuse
nüèdàikuáng 虐待狂 n. sadism; sadist
bèinüèdàikuáng 被虐待狂 n. masochism
dissmissing and resigning cízhí 辞职 v. resign | Zǒngtǒng ∼ le | The president has resigned.| Ta xiang shangji tichu le cizhi yaoqiu |
jiězhí 解职 v. dismiss from office
chǎo yóuyú 炒鱿鱼 v. dismiss; fire| Tā bèi ∼ le | He was fired.
kāichú 开除 v. expel; discharge| Tā bèi xuéxiào ∼ le | He was expelled by the school.
virtue and vice 贤惠 xiánhuì s.v. virtuous and dutiful (of women)| Wǒ qīzi hěn ∼ | My wife is kind and virtuous.| Xian qi liang mu |zhēncāo 贞操 n. chastity; virginity (of women) loyalty; moral integrity① ②
2
chúnjié 纯洁 adj.v. pure; clean and honest
chún 纯 v. pure; unmixed | Zhè xiāngyóu hěn ∼| The sesame oil is pure.
jiàn nǚren 贱女人 | Ta bu xiang gen zhege jian nuren laiwang |yāojing 妖精 n. evil spirit; demon alluring woman; siren① ②
pōfù 泼妇 n. shrew; vixen
jiūchán 纠缠 v. tangle , nag; worry; pester| Ta jiuchan wo de pengyou de laogong bufang |
3
Competition
Types od contests : bǐsài 比赛 [-賽 ] n. match; competition | Lǐbài liù de ∼ qǔxiāo le. Saturday's game has been
called off. | 在竞赛中比较高低 | 长跑比赛yùsài* 预赛[預賽] n. 〈sport〉 preliminary contest M:²chǎng
juésài 决赛[決賽] n. 〈sport〉 finals M:²chǎng
guànjūnsài 冠军赛[-軍賽] n. championship contest M:²chǎng/¹cì
shìjièbēi 世界杯 n. world cup
First phase. Preparation :cānjiā 参加[參-] v. join; attend; take part in give (advice/etc.) ① ② | Zhè ²shì, qǐng nǐ yě ∼ diǎnr yìjian. Please give us your opinions about this matter?
cānyù* 参与[參與] v. participate in | Tā ∼le nàge ànzi. He participated in that case.
zhǔnbèi 准备[準備] v. prepare; get ready | Nǐ ① ∼ hǎole ma? Are you ready? intend; plan |② Tā ∼ chūguó shēnzào. He intends to go abroad to further his studies.
páiyǎn* 排演 v. Rehearse
yǎnchū* 演出 v./n. perform; show | Zhùhè nǐ ∼ chénggōng. Congratulations to your successful performance.
xùnliàn 训 练 [ 訓 練 ] v. train; drill | Wǒmen zhèngzài jiājǐn ① ∼. We're intensifying our training. train animals②jiàoliàn* 教练[-練] n. coach; instructor M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
fǔdǎo* 辅导[輔導] v. coach; tutor n. guidance tutorial | Yǒuxiē xuésheng xūyào gèbié◆ ① ②
∼. Some students need individual tutorials. 辅导老师
Champions , opponents and enemies :
xuǎnshǒu* 选手 [選 -] n. 〈sport〉 ① player selected as a contestant; athlete champion② M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
gāoshǒu* 高手 n. ace; expert M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
néngshǒu 能手 n. expert; master hand | Tā shì yǒumíng de ¹jìshù ∼. He is a technology expert. M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
duìshǒu 对手[對-] n. opponent; adversary match; equal M:ge/¹míng/²wèi① ②
duìtou 对头[對頭] n. enemy; opponent; adversary | Tāmen liǎ shì ∼. The two are enemies.
M:ge/¹mín | 死对头duìfāng* 对方[對-] p.w. the other side/party; an adversary
dírén 敌人[敵-] n. enemy M:ge/¹míng
chóurén 仇人 n. personal enemy
4
yùndòngyuán 运动员[運動員] n. athlete; player M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
yōushèngzhě 优胜者[優勝-] n. winner; champion M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
Competition :
jìngzhēng* 竞 争 [ 競 爭 ] v./n. compete; competition | Wǒ bùpà ∼. I'm not afraid of competition.
táotài 淘汰 v. eliminate through selection/competition | Zài bànjuésài zhōng, Měiguó ²duì① bèi ∼ le. The American team was eliminated in the semi-final. die out②
The victory and the failyíng 赢[贏] v. gain; win | Wǒ xiàqí ∼le tā. I beat him at chess.
shū 输[輸] b.f. v. lose; be defeated | ²Jiǎ ²duì yòu ∼ le. Team A lost again.
chénggōng 成功 v. succeed n. success ◆ 取得成功shībài* 失败[-敗] n./v. be defeated; lose fail | Shíyàn ① ② ∼ le. The experiment failed.
shènglì* 胜利[勝-] v. win victory/success adv. successfully | Dàhuì ◆ ∼ bìmù. The conference has come to a successful conclusion. n. victory◆
dǎbài* 打败[-敗] v. defeat | Wǒmen ① ∼ le dírén. We defeated the enemy. be defeated | Tā② ∼ le. He was defeated.
kǎixuán 凯旋[凱-] v. return triumphant
kǎixuánmén 凯旋门[凱-門] n. M:⁴zuò triumphal arch Arc de Triomphe (in Paris); Arch① ② of Triumph
Jury 。 Scores :
píngwěihuì 评 委 会 [ 評 - 會 ] p.w. committee of commentary and selection; appraisal committee; judges' panel
píngjià 评价[評價] v. appraise; evaluate | Tóngshìmen duì ²tā de ∼ fēicháng hǎo. She is highly praised by her colleagues.
dǎfēn* 打分 v.o. grade (student exams/etc.) | Lǎoshī hái méi gěi shìjuàn ∼ ne.
fēnshù* 分数[-數] n. mark; grade
xx 比 xx
4 比 6
打平 daping draw
打平手 dapingshou draw
Trophy 。 Results :
5
第一名 - 一等奖第二名 - 二等奖第三名 - 三等奖
guànjūn* 冠军[-軍] n. champion M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
yàjūn 亚军[亞軍] n. 〈sport〉 runner-up
jìjūn 季军[-軍] n. 〈sport〉 third place,bronze medalist
bānjiǎng 颁 奖 [ 頒 獎 ] v.o. present reward/honor | Shéi gěi yōushèngzhě ∼? Who presents awards to the winners?
jiǎngpǐn 奖品[獎-] n. prize; award; trophy M:¹fèn/²jiàn
jīnpái 金牌 n. gold medal M:²kuài
yínpái 银牌[銀-] n. silver medal M:²kuài
tóngpái 铜牌[銅-] n. copper/bronze medal M:⁴méi/¹miàn/²kuài
Records : jìlù* 记录[記錄] v. take notes; keep minutes | Jīntiān de huìyì shuí ∼? Who takes notes for today's meeting? n. minutes; notes; record note-taker M:¹fèn/¹běn◆ ① ②
保持 记录打破 记录刷新 记录
bǎochí* 保持 v. keep; maintain; preserve | Tā hái ∼ yuánlái de tàidu. He still maintains his original attitude.
dǎpò 打破 r.v. break; smash
shuāxīn 刷新 v. renovate; refurbish break (a record) | Tā ① ② ∼le zhè ³xiàng jìlù. He broke the record.
Honor and Glory :
zhēngguāng 争光[爭-] v.o. win honor/glory; do credit to | Wǒmen yào wèi guó ∼. We shall win honor for our motherland.
rónghuò 荣获[榮獲] v. have the honor to win | Tā ∼le yōuxuì jiàoshī ²jiǎng. He's won the best teacher award.
Luck :
zǒuyùn 走运[-運] v.o. 〈coll.〉 have good luck
yùnqi* 运气[運氣] n. fortune; luck | Nǐ de ∼ zhēn bùcuò. You're really lucky.
Attitude :
zìxìn* 自信 v. be self-confident
6
zìxìnxīn 自信心 n. self-confidence
jǐnzhāng* 紧 张 [ 緊 張 ] s.v. nervous; keyed up | Kǎoshì qián, xuéshengmen dōu hěn ① ∼. Before the exam, students are anxious.
qīngsōng 轻松[輕鬆] s.v. light; relaxed v. relax; lighten up | ◆ ∼ yīxià ba. Relax, have a little fun. | ∼ (yī)diǎnr ba. Don't be so serious.
fāhuī* 发挥[發揮] v. bring into play; give free rein to | Yùndòngyuánmen jīntiān ① ∼ de hěn zhèngcháng. The athletes played to their usual good potential today.
E ducation
jié 节 measure word for lessons
táng 堂 measure word for lessons | Ni jintian shanle jitang ke ? | | jijie ke ? |
Teaching jiǎngkè 讲课 v.o. teach; lecture| Wang laoshi jiang ke jiang de zenme yang? || Xizhuren zhengzai gei dayi xuesheng jiangke|
bèikè 备课 v.o. prepare lessons (by teachers) | Wǒ háiyào bèi míngtiān de kè ne. | I still have to prepare lessons for tomorrow's class.
zhǔnbèi 准备 v. prepare
nèiróng 内容 n. content; substance | Zhèi běn shū ∼ hěn fēngfù. | The content of this book is very substantial
jiǎngzuò 讲座 n. course of lectures| Hanyu pinyin jiangzuo. |
Studying yùxí 预习 v. prepare lessons before class | Shangke qian zuo yuxi shangke shi cai you hen da de shouhuo. |
xuéxí 学习 v. study; learn n. learning◆| Tā ∼ hěn yònggōng. | He studies hard.
fùxí 复习 v. review; revise| Nimen huijia haohaor fuxi jintian xue de neirong. |
niànshū 念书 v.o. read; study | Tā zài Měiguó niànle sì nián shū. | He studied for four years in America.dú dàxué 读大学 v.o. go to college or university| Ni du na yi suo daxue? |
Exams kǎoshì 考试 n./v.o. examination; test
| Wo taoyan kaoshi. | | Canjia kaoshi | | Tongguo kaoshi |jígé 及格 v.o. pass (a test)| Canjia xuewei kaoshi, jige le. |
7
liújí 留级 v.o. fail to advance in school grade| Nàge lǎnsǎn de xuésheng ∼ le. | That lazy student failed to advance in school grade.
kǎoshang 考上 v. pass an entrance examination.| Wo de erzi kaoshang le Bei Da. |
Recrutation bàomíng 报名 v.o. enter one's name; sign up | Wo bao Qinghua Daxue le, xianzai zhunbei luqu kaoshi. |
lùqǔ 录取 v. enroll; recruit; admit | Wǒ dìdi bèi Hāfó Dàxué ∼ le. | My younger brother was admitted by Harvard University.
lùqǔ tōngzhīshū 录取通知书 n. admission notice|Wo zhongyu shoudao le luqu tongzhishu! |
lùqǔxiàn 录取线 n. minimum passing score for admission| Buhao yisi, nin shi jinnian luquxian zhixia de xuesheng. |
Graduation bìyè 毕业 v.o. graduate; finish school| Wo biye le yu 2004 nian. |
bìyè lùnwén 毕业论文 n. graduation thesis; dissertation| Ni de biye lunwen xuede zenme yang? |
bìyèshēng 毕业生 n. graduate
Education tiányāshì 填鸭式 n. cramming method in teaching
Tianyashi jiaoyu
Jiàoyùbù 教育部 n. Ministry of Education
Degrees and self-cultivation xuélì 学历 n. record of formal schooling | Wǒ méiyǒu hěn duō ∼. | I doesn't have much formal schooling.
xiūyǎng 修养 n. self-cultivation |Wáng lǎoshī hěn yǒu ∼. | Teacher Wang is a highly cultivated man.
xuéwèi 学位 n. academic degree; degree | Tā yǒu bóshì ∼. | She has a doctorate degree.
8
Education 2
teaching and education jiāoxué 教学 v. teach
jiàoxué 教学 n. teaching; education
jiàoshì 教室 classroom; schoolroom
jiàoshī 教师 n. teacher; instructor
jiàoxué zhǔguǎn 教学主管 n. Teaching supervisor
xiūdìng 修订 v. revise| xiuding chengji |
skills jiàoxué jìshù 教学技术 n. educational technology / skills
jiàoxuénénglì 教学能力 n. educational skills
xuéxí nénglì 学习能力 n. learning ability | zenme tigao ziji de xuexi nengli? |zhùyìlì 注意力 n. attention | Bǎ ∼ jízhōng zài shíyàn shang. | Focus your attention on the experiment.
mēngpiàn 蒙骗 v. deceive; cheat; hoodwink| Tā shòu le shāngrén de ∼. | He was cheated by the merchants.| Ni shi meng wo de ma? |
chāoxiě 抄写 v. copy (by hand)| Lǎoshī yāoqiú xuésheng ∼ kèwén. | The teacher asked the students to copy the lesson.
zuòbì 作弊 v.o. cheat on a test/exam| Kǎoshì bùxǔ ∼. | Cheating on tests is not allowed.
9
chāoxí 抄袭 v. plagiarize | Bùxǔ ∼ tārén de zuòpǐn. | Don't plagiarize other's works.
piāoqiè 剽窃 v. plagiarize | Bùnéng ∼ biérén de wénzhāng. | One must not plagiarize someone else's article. deadline qīxiàn 期限 n. time limit; deadline| ∼ bù kěnéng zài yáncháng le. | It's impossible to extend the time limit again.
quēxí 缺席 v.o. be absent (from a meeting/etc.)| Zhècì huìyì méi rén ∼. | Nobody is absent from this meeting.
chūqín 出勤 v.o. turn out for work | chuqin qingkuang |
cānyù 参与 v. participate in| Tā ∼le nàge ànzi | He participated in that case.| Jiaoshi chang guli xuesheng jiji canyu | Teachers often encourage class participation.| Xuesheng canyu | student participation
work in pares xiǎozǔ 小组 n. group| xiaozu zuoye | group workpèiduì 配对 v.o. be a pair| peidui zuoye |
field work shídì 实地 adv. on the ground/spot n. Field◆| ∼ diàochá duì tā de yánjiū hěn yǒu bāngzhù. | On-the-spot investigation is of great help to his research. shídì kǎochá lǚxíng 实地考察旅行 field trip
hands on appoach zhōngxīn 中心 p.w. center; heart; hub; focus
xuésheng wéi zhōngxīn 学生为中心 student centered
jiàoshī wéi zhōngxīn 教师为中心 teacher centered| Ni xihuan jiaoshi wei zhongxin de ketang haishi xuesheng wei zhongxin de ketang? |
teaching documents kèchéng 课程 n. course; curriculum | jixie zhuanye kecheng | the engineering curriculum.kèchéng gàiyào 课程概要 n. Course outline
10
gàiyào 概要 n. essentials; outline; summary | Hànyǔ yǔfǎ ∼| Essentials of Chinese Grammar
jiào'àn 教案 n. teaching / lesson plan
jiàoxuéjìhuà 教学计划 teaching plan
duǎnwén 短文 n. short article; essay
sǎnwén 散文 n. prose| Nà niánqīngrén shì yī ge ∼ zuòjiā. | The young man is a writer of prose.
Negotiations
interrupt someone's speech 要 打断 他人的讲话
dìdiǎn* 地点[-點] n. place; site; locale
我们在四楼的 办公室 开会 women zai … kaihui
negotiations ∾v. 谈判[談-] tánpàn
session n. 届[屆] jiè
solve v. 解答 jiědá ∾v. 解决[-決] jiějué
ānpái 安排 v./n. arrange; plan; fix up | Wǒ děi ① ∼ shísù.
chǔlǐ* 处理[處-] v. handle; deal with; dispose of Wǒ bù zhīdào zěnme ① ∼ zhèxiē wèntí. I don't know how to deal with these problems. process | Zhèxiē shùjù xūyào ② ∼. These data need to be processed.
jiéshù* 结束[結-] v. end; conclude; close | Huìyì hái méiyǒu ∼. The meeting hasn't ended yet.
tídào* 提到 r.v. mention; refer to | Tā zài xìn zhōng ① ∼le zhè ²jiàn ²shì. He mentioned the matter in his letter.
lùndiǎn 论点[論點] n. argument; thesis; point at issue | Wǒ bù zànchéng tāmen de ∼. I don't agree with their arguments.
huàtí* 话题[話題] n. subject of a talk; topic of conversation| Huàn ge ① ∼, hǎo ma? How about changing the subject?
zànchéng* 赞成[贊-] v./n. approve; endorse①
zhǔchí* 主 持 v. preside over; chair | Nǐ lái ③ ∼ xiàwǔ de huì, hǎo ma? Would you chair the meeting in the afternoon? zhǔchírén 主持人 n. host; anchor; chair
chūxí* 出席 v.o. attend; be present
11
quēxí* 缺席 v.o. be absent (from a meeting/etc.) | Zhècì huìyì méi rén ∼. Nobody is absent from this meeting.席位 xíwèi* n. seat (at an assembly/gathering)
主席 zhǔxí* n. chair (of a meeting) chair/president (of an organization/state)① ②毛主席 Chairman Mao
jièshào 介绍[-紹] v. introduce; present recommend; suggest let know; brief | Xìzhǔrèn gěi① ② ③ ¹xīnshēng ∼le kèchéng. The department chairman briefed new students on the curriculum.
huānyíng* 欢迎[歡-] v. welcome; greet | ① ∼ Lǎo Zhào jiǎng jǐjù. Let's ask Zhao to say a few words欢迎和介绍出席人员
xuānbù 宣布 v. declare; proclaim; announce | Zhǔchírén ∼ huìyì jiéshù. The chairperson declared the meeting ended.
¹kāishǐ* 开始[開-] v. begin; start | Zánmen ∼ gàn ba. Let's get down to work. n. initial stage;◆ beginningOpening 宣布会议开始
dàjiā* 大家 n. all of us everyone | ① ② ∼ dōu zǒu le. Everyone has left.
大家 。。。 。。。 好 dajia 。。。 。。。 hao
gèwèi* 各位 n. you-all | Qǐng ① ∼ duōduō bāohán. Please excuse me/us for all the imperfections.
位 [wèi] position; (量) (polite measure word for people)
你是哪一位啊? Ni shi na yi wei a?
几位?ji wei? How many guests? 两个人 liang ge ren. Two people.
事业有成 shiye youcheng yǒuchéng* 有成 v.o. have achieved success
事业发达 shiye fada fādá 发达 developed; flourishing | ∼ guójiā a developed country
祝愿我的母校 : 桃李满天下 Zhuyuan wo de muxiao : taoli man tianxia mǔxiào 母校 one's old school; alma mater
táolǐ mǎn tiānxià 桃李满天下 have pupils everywhere
桃李 táolǐ n. peaches and plums one's pupils/disciples① ②
天天向上 tiantian xiangshang xiàngshàng 向上 adv. upward; up v. advance; progress turn upward strive upward◆
愉快学习 yukuai xuexi yúkuài 愉快 s.v. happy; cheerful
爱情甜蜜 Aiqing tianmi àiqíng 爱情 n. romantic love | Nà shì méiyǒu ∼ de hūnyīn. That's a loveless marriage.
tiánmì 甜蜜 sweet, happy| Tāmen de shēnghuó hěn ∼. They have a happy life.
14
Work and studies
rènzhēn 认真[認-] v.o. take for real | Wǒ ¹zhǐ shì suíbiàn shuōshuo, bié ∼. I'm just kidding. Don't
take it seriously. s.v. serious; earnest ◆ 认真的态度
nǔlì* 努力 v.o./s.v. make great effort; try hard | Tā hěn ∼ de ²zuòshì. He works extremely hard.
qínláo 勤劳[-勞] s.v. industrious; hardworking | Zhōnghuá mínzú shì ge ∼ de mínzú. The Chinese are a hardworking people.
nénggàn 能干 [-幹 ] s.v. able; capable; competent | Tā niánqīng, ¹yòu ① ∼. He's young and capable. ingenious; clever②有能力
qiánlì* 潜力[潛-] n. latent capacity; potential(ity) | Zhège dìqū yǒu hěndà de fāzhǎn ∼. This area has great potential for development.
wōnang 窝囊 [窩 -] s.v. good-for-nothing | Tā lǎoshí, dànshì ① ∼. He is honest, but good-for-nothing. vexed ②
mǎhu* 马虎/糊[馬-/-] v./s.v. be careless/casual | Zhè shìr nǐ kě bié xiǎng ① ∼ guòqu. Don't think you can handle this matter in a slapdash manner. be confused/indistinct②dàyi 大意 v.p. careless | Zhèi shìr nǐ kě bùnéng ∼. You have to be very careful about this matter.
yánsù* 严肃 [嚴肅 ] s.v. serious; solemn v. strictly enforce enforce ◆ ① ② 严 肃 的 表 情 [earnest;grave] 认真 - 严肃对待
[make strict] 使严格 - 严肃法制
xiūyǎng 修养[-養] n. accomplishment; training; mastery self-cultivation | Wáng lǎoshī hěn① ② yǒu ∼Teacher Wang is a highly cultivated man.yōuxiù 优秀[優-] s.v. outstanding; excellent 优秀人物
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Personality
chéngshú* 成熟 s.v. ripe; mature | Tā ¹bǐ yǐqián ∼ duō le. He's more mature than before.
qīngsè 青涩[-澀] s.v. unripe and puckery (of fruit)
kěkào* 可靠 s.v. reliable; trustworthy | Tā de ¹huà bù ∼. What he said is not reliable.
kàodezhù 靠得住 r.v. be reliable; trustworthy
bù zhǔn 不准 aux. not allow; forbid s.v. not accurate◆méipǔ* 没谱[沒譜] v.o./s.v. ①〈topo.〉 be unsure; have no idea | Zhè ²jiàn ²shì wò xīnli ∼. I'm unsure about this matter.
wěndìng* 稳定[穩-] v. stabilize s.v. stable; steady◆wěnzhòng* 稳重[穩-] s.v. steady; staid; sedate
tǐtiē* 体贴[體貼] s.v. showing consideration for | Tā hěn ① ∼ qīzi. He's very considerate of his wife. obliging②
贤 惠[賢-] xiánhuì* s.v. virtuous and dutiful (of women) | Wǒ qīzi hěn ∼. My wife is kind and virtuous.
xiàoshùn 孝顺[-順] v. show filial obedience offer a present to a superior① ②
xìnxīn* 信心 n. confidence; faith; belief | Wǒ duì chénggōng chōngmǎnle ∼. I am fully confident of success.juéxīn 决心[決-] n. determination; resolution v.o. be determined to; make up one's mind to◆
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dàfang* 大方 s.v. generous | Wéi rén yào ① ∼. Be generous toward people.
kāngkǎi 慷慨 s.v. vehement; fervent generous | Tā wéirén hěn ① ② ∼. He's a generous man
bùjūxiǎojié 不拘小节[---節] f.e. not be punctilious not bother about trifles① ②
xiǎoqì 小气[-氣] s.v. stingy; mean | Tā hěn ① ∼, shěbùde huāqián. He's very stingy and can't bear
to spend money. ②〈topo.〉 narrow-minded; petty
lìnsè 吝啬[-嗇] s.v. stingy; miserly | Zài zhè zhǒng chǎnghé bùyào ∼. Don't be stingy in this kind of occasion.tiěgōngjī 铁公鸡[鐵-雞] n. miser stingy person M:²zhī① ②xiǎokōur 小抠儿[-摳兒] n. 〈coll.〉 stingy person; miser
kāifàng* 开放[開-] v. come into bloom lift a ban/etc. open to traffic or public use; open to① ② ③ the world| Zhǎnlǎn duìwài ∼. The exhibition is open to the public. be turned on; be in operation④bǎoshǒu* 保守 v. guard; keep s.v. conservative◆yūfǔ 迂腐 s.v. trite dogmatic; pedantic① ②
kāilǎng 开朗 [開 -] s.v. open and clear sanguine; optimistic | Tā xìnggé ① ② ∼. He's a happy person. broadminded and outspoken③yōuyù 忧郁[憂鬱] s.v. melancholy; dejected
yǒuhǎo* 友好 n. close friend s.v. friendly; amicable◆rèqíng 热情 [熱 -] s.v. enthusiastic; passionate | Liǎngkǒuzi ∼ de zhāodài kèrén. The couple received the guests warmly. n. enthusiasm; zeal; warmth; passion; ardor; fever◆
wàixiàng* 外向 n. extroversion s.v. extroverted; open; frank; be outwardly directed | Wǒ dìdi◆
cóngxiǎo xìnggé ∼. My younger brother has been an extrovert since childhood. attr. ◆ 〈 lg.〉 exocentricnèixiàng* 内向[內-] s.v. introverted; endocentric n. ◆ 〈psy.〉 introversion
jīngshén* 精神 n. spirit; mind; consciousness essence; gist ① ② 有精神
zìsī* 自私 s.v. selfish; self-centered
lìjǐzhǔyì 利己主义[---義] n. egoism
lìjǐzhǔyìzhě 利己主义者[---義-] n. egoist M:ge/¹míng
lìtāzhǔyì 利他主义[---義] n. altruism
lìtāzhǔyìzhě 利他主义者[---義] n. altruist M:ge/¹míng
lèyúzhùrén 乐于助人[樂於--] f.e. be happy/willing to help 喜欢帮助别人
láodao* 唠叨 [嘮-] v. 〈coll.〉 ① chatter; be garrulous nag | Bùyào zhěngtiān ② ∼. Don't be nagging all the time.luōsuo* 罗 /啰嗦 [羅 -] s.v. long-winded; wordy | Nǐ de wénzhāng tài ① ∼ le. Your essay is too long-winded.sānbā 三八 s.v. 〈TW〉 stupid
chángshéfù 长舌妇[長-婦] n. 〈coll.〉 gossip monger; garrulous woman M:²wèi
héqún 合群 get on well with others | Tā bù ∼. | He's not gregarious.
rényuán 人缘 n. relations with other people | Lǎo Wáng de ∼ hǎo jí le. | Old Wang gets along well with people.
dàshìhuàxiǎo 大事化小 turn big problems into small problems
xiǎoshìhuàliǎo 小事化了 turn small problems into no problems
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fùzé 负责 v. be responsible for; be in charge of | Nà bù gāi wǒ ∼. | Ishould not be held responsible for that.
fù zérèn 负责任 be responsible for; be in charge of
nénggàn 能干 able; capable; competent| Tā niánqīng, yòu ∼. | He's young and capable.
wōnang 窝囊 good-for-nothing| Tā lǎoshí, dànshì ∼. | He is honest, but good-for-nothing.
pòlì 魄力 n. boldness; audacity; daring resolution
nuòruò 懦弱 s.v. cowardly; weak
nǔlì 努力 v.o./s.v. make great effort; try hard | Tā hěn ∼ de zuòshì. | He works extremely hard.
rènzhēn 认真 take for real | Wǒ zhǐ shì suíbiàn shuōshuo, bié ∼. | I'm just kidding. Don't take it seriously.
yǒu zǔzhī de 有组织地 adv. in an organized way; systmatically
yī shì yī, èr shì èr 一是一,二是二 v.p. carefully
shǒushí 守时 punctual | Shùxué lǎoshī shàngkè zǒngshì hěn ∼. | The math teacher always shows up on time.
tóurù 投入 v. throw/put into | Tā zài zhè běn shū shàng ∼ le sān nián de láodòng. | He put in three years writing this book.
dàyi 大意 careless| Zhèi shìr nǐ kě bùnéng ∼. | You have to be very careful about this matter.
mǎdàhā 马大哈 n. Scatterbrain | Tā lián zǒulù dōu huì shuāijiāo, zhēnshi yī ge ∼. | He's very careless and would fall while walking.
diūsānlàsì 丢三落四 f.e. forgetful
huàn nǎojīn 换脑筋 view from a different perspective
Mingzhe sui shi er bianZhizhe sui shi er zhi
sānsī ér hòuxíng 三思而后行 look before you leap
jǔyīfǎnsān 举一反三 draw inferences from one instance
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Ajectivesduō 多 many; much| Gěi wǒ yī zhāng zhǐ, ∼ dà dōu xíng | Give me a piece of paper; any size will do.
shǎo 少 few; little | Nǐ zhǐ gěile wǒ hěn ∼ yīdiǎnr | You just gave a little bit to me.
| duo chuan || shao chi || duo shui || shao xuexi || duo lianxi |
| chi de zei duo || wan de zui shao || kaolu de bu guo duo || gongzuo de tai shao || wei bieren fuchu geng duo |
| hen duo fangmian || hao duo yinsu || jianzhi guo duo || mei ge ren de zhiji bu neng duo, zhi neng you liang san ge zhenzheng liaojie ni de ren || Ta shuo le man duo de liyou, wo lian yige liyou dou bu xiangxin || shaoshu ren yuanyi zunshou guize |
cháng 长 ① long lasting②
duǎn 短 short; brief| Dàjiā kāi ge ∼ huì | Let's have a brief meeting
| ni zhe shiqing tuo de tai chang le || yi ge xingqi zai Hainan Dao shizai shi tai duan le || ni kan, zhe jian chenshan de xiuzi gou chang ma? || zhe jian shiqing xuyao yi ge changqi de guocheng cai neng jian jieguo |
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gāo 高 tall; high
dī 低 low
ǎi 矮 ① short (of stature) low②| tā ∼ wǒ yī jí | He's a class below me
| hen nan xiangxiang ta de shuiping duo gao || wo zicong kaishi zuo zhe fan gongzuo juede wo de zhishang yue lai yue di le || ni kan tamen, yi ge you gao you shou, yi ge you ai you pang, pei de zhen hao || nengyuan xiaohao di |
kuān 宽 wide; broad
zhǎi 窄 narrow| ta de yanjie bao kuan || ta de xiangfa tai zhai le |
dà 大 s.v. big; great; high; tall; vast old ②| tā duō ∼? | How old is he?
xiǎo小 small; little; petty; minor young②| xié ∼le yīhào | These shoes are one size too small
| zhe shi yi ge hen da de wenti || houguo dique hen da || yi ge xiao guojia meifa gen yi ge da guo jia bi || mei xiang dao zhang da le zhi hou shenghuo yali name da || hen da chengdu shang ta de hao xinqing shi yinwei zhe ji tian yangguang hen hao || ju da mianji |
zhòng 重 ① heavy important②
qīng 轻 light | Wǒ de xíngli hěn ∼ | My luggage is very light
| ta chengdan de fudan feichang zhong || ta qingqing de qiao men |
hòu 厚 s.v. thick
báo 薄 thin| Bǎ zhèi kuài ròu qiē ∼ yīdiǎnr | Cut the meat a little thinner.
| Shangdi dui ni bu bao / hen hou || ta dui zhe ge huati you nonghou de xingqu |
shēn深 deep| Zhè dòng hěn ∼ | This hole is very deep.
qiǎn 浅 shallow; superficial | Zhèlǐ de hǎishuǐ hěn ∼ | The sea water is shallow here.
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| wo de zhishi hen qian || ta dui wo liaojie de hen shen |
shēnkè 深刻 s.v. deep; profound | Tā de jiǎngyǎn gěi wǒ liúxiàle ∼ de yìnxiàng | His speech has left a deep impression on me.
xiāohào 消耗 v. consume; use up; deplete | Zhè jiàn shì ∼le hěn duō jīnglì | I've put in a lot of work on this matter.
yǎnjiè 眼界 n. field of vision/view; outlook| Zhè ràng wǒ dàkāi ∼ | This has really opened my eyes
Tian xia shi you nan yi hu? Wei zhi, ze nanzhe yi yi yi, bu wei, ze yizhe yi nan yi.Ren zhi weixue you nan yi hu? Xue zhi, ze nanzhe yi yi yi, bu xue, ze yizhe yi nan yi.
Tianxia de shi you kunnan he rongyi de qubie ma? Zhiyao qu zuo, kunnan de shi ye bian rongyi le, ruguo bu zuo, rongyi de shi ye bian kunnan le. Renmen qiuxue you kunnan he rongyi de qubie ma? Zhiyao qu xue, kunnan de shi ye bian rongyi le, ruguo bu xue, rongyi de shi ye bian kunnan le.
tiānxià 天下 world; everywhere under heaven
wéi 为 v. do; accomplish
kùnnan 困难 n. difficulty; problem
róngyì 容易 easy | Zhè ∼ yǐnqǐ wùhuì. This is likely to cause misunderstanding.
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qūbié 区别 v. distinguish; differentiate n. distinction; difference; differentiation ◆|Tāmen zhījiān méiyǒu ∼. There's no difference between them.
四川的边境有两个和尚,其中一个贫穷,一个富有。穷和尚告诉富和尚:“我要去南海,怎么样?”富和尚说:“你凭着什么去?”穷和尚说:“我有一个水瓶子和一个饭碗就足够了。”富和尚说:“我几年来一直想坐船去南海,还没去成呢。你凭着什么去?”到了第二年,穷和尚从南海回来,把事情告诉了富和尚,富和尚感到惭愧了。Sichuan de bianjing you liang ge heshang, qizhong yi ge pinqiong, yi ge fuyou. Qiong heshang gaosu fu heshang : “wo yao qu Nanhai, zenme yang?” fu heshang shuo : “ni pingzhe shenme qu ?” Qiong heshang shuo : “wo you yi ge shuipingzi he yi ge fanwan jiu zugou le.” Fu heshang shuo : „wo ji nian lai yizhi xiang zuo chuan qu Nanhai, hai mei qu cheng ne. Ni pingzhe shenme qu ?” Dao le di er nian, qiong heshang cong Nanhai huilai, ba shiqing gaosu le fu heshang, fu heshang gan dao cankui le.
biānjìng 边境 n. border; frontier
héshang 和尚 n. Buddhist monk
qízhōng 其中 in / among (it/them/which/etc.)| Zhè ∼ yǒu hěn duō mìmì. There's a lot of secret in it.
pínqióng 贫穷 poor; needy| Zhèngfǔ shèfǎ bāngzhù ∼ dìqū tuōpín. The government tries to help poor areas out of poverty.
fùyǒu 富有 be rich / wealthy
Nán Hǎi 南海 South China Sea
píngzhe 凭着 v. rely / depend on
shuǐpíngzi 水瓶子 n. water bottle
fànwǎn 饭碗 n. rice bowl
zúgòu 足够 adv. sufficiently; enough; fully; amply | Zhèxiē cài ∼ shí ge rén chī. hese dishes are enough for ten people.
Sichuan li Nanhai bu zhidao you ji qian liyuan. Youqian de heshang bu neng dao, meiyou qian de heshang que keyi daoda. Renmen yao shuli zhixiang, nandao buru qiong heshang ma? Suoyi congming he caineng, ji keyi yikao, you bu keyi yikao, ziji kaozhe congming yu minjie er bu nuli xuexi de ren, jiu hui shibai.
què 却 adv. but; yet
shùlì 树立 v. set up; establish
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| Tā géi wómen ∼le yī ge xuéxí de bǎngyàng. He set up a learning model for us.
zhìxiang 志向 n. aspiration; ideal; ambition
nándào 难道 v.p. Is it possible that...?; | ∼ zhè shì bànbudào de ma? You mean this can't be done?
bùrú 不如 v. be unequal / inferior to| Xīn de shèjì ∼ jiù de. The new design isn't as good as the old one.
cáinéng 才能 n. ability; talent
yīkào 依靠 v. rely / depend on| Yào ∼ zìjǐ. Rely on yourself.Jì …A... yòu ... B... both A and B
mǐnjié 敏捷 quick; nimble; agile| Tā qīshí suì le, dòngzuò hái hěn ∼. He's seventy but is still nimble.
shībài 失败 n./v.fail| Shíyàn ∼ le. The experiment failed.