Teacher Technology Change: How Knowledge, Confidence, Beliefs, and Culture Intersect

Teacher Technology Change:How Knowledge, Confidence, Beliefs, and Culture Intersect

Peggy A. Ertmer and Anne T. Ottenbreit-Leftwich

2010

Presenters

AgendaIntroduction

Literature overview

Key variables

School survey

Recommendations for facilitating teacher change

Academic discussion

Summary of discussion

Conclusion

Comment on SlideShare

Introduction Comparison to other professions

“It is no longer appropriate to suggest that teachers’ low-level uses of technology are adequate to meet the needs of the 21st-century learner” (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 257).

Teachers have increased their use of ICTs in the classroom, however data shows that technology is mostly used for “teacher-directed instruction” (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 256).

Literature Overview Teachers need to change to “use technology to facilitate learning” (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 258).

Ertmer and Ottenbreit-Leftwich (2010, p. 258) discuss four variables that inhibit teachers from embracing technology.

Ertmer and Ottenbreit-Leftwich (2010) believe that these variables can also be used to influence teachers to embrace the use of ICT in the classroom. They provide ways to promote teacher change within both pre-service teachers and practicing teachers.

Literature Overview - Variables

Knowledge

Confidence and self-efficacy

Beliefs

Culture

Literature Overview - Knowledge

“To use technology to support meaningful student learning, teachers need additional knowledge of the content they are required to teach, the pedagogical methods that facilitate student learning, and the specific ways in which technology can support those methods” (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 260)

School Survey - Knowledge

Yes 22 65%

No 12 35%

2. Do you feel that you have the level of knowledge and awareness

about ICTs that you require for your teaching role?

Literature Overview – Confidence

Teachers need to feel confident to use technologies to “achieve student learning objectives” (Ertmer and Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 261).

School Survey - Confidence

1 0 0%

2 5 15%

3 11 32%

4 3 9%

5 4 12%

6 3 9%

7 3 9%

8 4 12%

9 1 3%

10 0 0%

4. What is your level of confidence when using and teaching with

ICTs?

Literature Overview - Beliefs Angers and Machtmes (2005), Hermans et al. (2008) and Windschitl and Sahl(2002) have suggested that “belief systems influence how teachers use technology in the classroom” (as sited in Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 262).

Teachers’ beliefs about ICT “are based on whether or not they think technology can help them achieve the instructional goals they perceive to be most important” (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 263).

Belief that it is a valuable tool = more likely to use it.

School Survey - Beliefs

Yes 14 41%

No 20 59%

6. Do you believe that teaching is not effective without the

appropriate use of ICT resources to facilitate student learning?

Literature Overview - Culture School culture and environment can have both positive and negative effects.

Positive: observing positive results by teachers who use technology in lessons can influence teachers to try new things.

: “changes in beliefs about technology use occurred more readily among teachers who were socialized by their peers to think differently about computer use” (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 264).

Negative: teachers are less likely to adopt innovation if it “deviates too greatly from existing values, beliefs, and practices of the teachers and administrators in the school” (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 264).

School Survey - Culture

Positively 11 32%

Negatively 0 0%

Both positively and negatively

23 68%

8. How does the school environment and culture effect your use of

ICT ?

School Survey10. What could be done to influence you to embrace ICT more?

Time

PD

More iPads

Winning response:

“If God were to give me more time, more will and more reason to embrace ICT in my work, I would happily obey. Good luck with Masters”

Recommendations for Facilitating Teacher Change(Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 266).

Discussion questionshttps://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Lv5HFhOii7tWs0aK0RByK5P631rFdPG2fEe8HISDLr8/edit?usp=sharing

Common question for everyone:

“Reio and Lasky (2007) suggested that schools should create change oriented environments supporting experimentation and innovation, as well as include teachers in the decision-making processʺ (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 276).

How does the use of ICTs in the classroom relate to the above statement?

Group expertise questions (The implications of the four key variables):

Group 1 Los Conocedores (The knowers) What are the implications of the key variable Knowledge to further create a change oriented environment in our school?

Group 2: Los Eficaces (The Effectives) What are the implications of the key variable Confidence to further create a change oriented environment in our school?

Group 3: Los Creyentes (The Believers) What are the implications of the key variable Beliefs to further create a change oriented environment in our school?

Group 4: Los Cultos (The Cultured) What are the implications of the key variable Culture to further create a change oriented environment in our school?

Summary of discussion

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Lv5HFhOii7tWs0aK0RByK5P631rFdPG2fEe8HISDLr8/edit?usp=sharing

Conclusion“Once teachers’ mindsets have changed to include the idea that teaching is not effective without the appropriate use of ICT resources to achieve student learning outcomes, we will have reached a significant milestone” (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010, p. 278).

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