Teacher Developed Supports for At-risk Students Tim Lewis, Ph.D. Barbara Mitchell University of Missouri pbis.org
Mar 31, 2015
Teacher Developed Supports for At-risk Students
Tim Lewis, Ph.D.
Barbara Mitchell
University of Missouri
pbis.org
Starting Point
• We can’t “make” students learn or behave
• We can create environments to increase the likelihood students learn and behave
• Environments that increase the likelihood are guided by a core curriculum and implemented with consistency and fidelity
Big Ideas
• Using data at each step of the process
• Intervention selected based on presenting behavior pattern
• Modify environment (classroom) to promote practice opportunities & meet “function”
Essential Features
Understand interaction between behavior and the teaching environment
Behavior is functionally related to the teaching environment
• Build Positive Behavior Support Plans that teach pro-social “replacement” behaviors
• Create environments to support the use of pro-social behaviors (practice, practice, practice)– Around individual student need / self-management– Classroom – School-wide
Basic Steps in FBA-BIP Process
1. Conduct functional behavioral assessment
2. Create plan based on functional assessment outcome
1. Develop infra-structure to support behavior change (system change)
Positive Behavior Support Plan Teach replacement behavior(s) that result in
same/similar outcome
Environment should not allow problem behavior to result in previous outcomes
Ideally replacement behavior should be more efficient than problem behavior
How do schools get there?
Build parallel systemic processes • Provide school/district teams with a process
to address the presenting challenge
• Develop a parallel process for districts/states to support school implementation and continue to expand with integrity
Are School Teams Ready?
• 80% or better on SET• Action plan to maintain Universals• Use data in team meetings• Create a decision rule to identify students in need• Assessment to identify what supports students
need• Strategy to implement classroom-based supports• Equal emphasis on systems, data and practice
supports
Classroom Systems of Support within SW-PBS:
Universals & Targeted
Classroom Challenges
• Students spend majority of their school day in the classroom
• Majority of “discipline problems” originate in the classroom and often result in removal from instruction
• Remaining engaged in instruction essential to student academic and social success
• “Culture” of education often reinforces ineffective practices and creates barriers to implementing effective practices
Universals: Classroom
• Behavior management– Teaching routines– Positive student-adult interactions
• Instructional management– Curriculum & Instructional design
• Environmental management• Student Self-Management
Universals: Classroom
1. Classroom expectations/rules defined and taught
2. Classroom routines defined and taught
3. “4:1” positive feedback
4. Active supervision
5. Students actively engaged
6. Multiple opportunities to respond
7. Minors addressed quickly and quietly/privately
8. School wide procedures for majors are followed
Connecting Classrooms to SW-PBS Efforts
• Tie academic and social behavior prevention efforts
• Maximize time student spends in instruction & learning (i.e., keeping in class vs. sending them out)
• Build expertise within the school via the PBS team
• Focused professional development– Brief in-service, multiple practice opportunities, structured feedback
• Move to collaborative problem solving– Peer coaching, model/demonstrations
Structural Analysis Setting Factors Assessment Tool
• Level 1: Classroom Set-up and Structure
• Level 2: Context Specific Activities
• Level 3: Instructional Delivery and Tasks
• Level 4: Student Behavior
Stichter, J. P., Lewis, T. J., Johnson, N., & Trussell, R. (2004). Toward a structural assessment: Analyzing the merits of an assessment tool for a student with E/BD. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 30, 25-40.
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Baseline Level 1 Level 1 & 2 Level 1, 2 & 3 Follow-Up
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High Structure Materials Accessiblity Rules Visible Assistance Consistent Answering Consistent
Applied Work in Progress
A Systematic Process to Implement Individual Plans
Background and Context
• PBS in Columbia Public Schools– 18 elementary buildings– 3 middle schools– 3 junior highs– 3 high school programs– 17,000 students
Gentry Middle School
• Three core teams per grade level– Five general education teachers– One special education
• Elective team
• Literacy support center
• Self-contained/Special education
• Administrative team
PBS at Gentry Year 1-6
• Universal Features– PBS team– Building wide expectations (RRKS) & Matrix– Lesson plans and teaching schedule– Track discipline data– System for acknowledging (RRKS Ribbon)– Continuum of response– Document minors (RRKS TOC)
Building a System to Implement Individual Plans
SAT-STAT-RRKS
RRKS Team
STAT Team
Core Team RepresentativeDistrict PBS Support
Building Administrator and Counselors
* Meets Monthly
Core Team Facilitator,
SAT Partner, &Core Team Teachers
* Meets Weekly
SAT TeamCounselors,
Administrators,
School Psych, &
Behavior Specialist
* Meets Weekly
Method for Communicating Practice
SAT Process•Teacher Assistance and Support•Targeted/Small Group Interventions•Individual Student Plans
Core Team/Classrooms•Implement AIS•Monitor Progress•Evaluate Outcomes
School-Wide Systems•Matrix•Lesson Plans•School-Wide Data•Acknowledgement•Communication
Provide Ongoing Support
• Periodic, intensive, with follow-up• Classroom/team universals
• AIS process
• Follow-up AIS
• Feedback and systems maintenance
• Weekly, skills-based, with modeling and feedback
Designing a Process for Implementing Individual Plans
Gentry AIS and FBA Matrix
Intervention Strategy Process
Intervention Strategy Process
Intervention Strategy Process
Problem Behavior Function Replacement
Behavior Intervention Outcome for Replacement
Behavior Off-task, Non-disruptive
Peer Attention On-task, work completion
RRKS lesson – “on-task” Pre-correct @ start of class Self-monitor: on-task Periodic praise by teacher
for on-task Quick de-brief at end of
class on self-monitoring
Earn time with peers for meeting self-management goals
Off-task, Disruptive Peer Attention On-task, respectful responses, work completion
RRKS lesson – “on-task” RRKS lesson – “conflict
management/respect” Pre-correct @ start of class Self-monitor: on-task &
RRKS Periodic praise by teacher
for on-task Quick de-brief at end of
class on self-monitoring
Earn time with peers for meeting self-management goals
Off-task, Non-disruptive, work completion
Escape (avoids teacher and peers during instruction)
On-task, work completion
RRKS lesson – “on-task” Pre-correct @ start of class Self-monitor: on-task +
work completion Quick de-brief at end of
class on self-monitoring
Earn a ‘skip a homework’ pass Earn other preferred activity for meeting self-management and work completion goals
Off-task, Non-disruptive, work completion
Attention (responds to teacher directions, engages peers)
On-task, work completion
RRKS lesson – “on-task” Pre-correct @ start of class Self-monitor: on-task +
work completion Periodic praise by teacher
for on-task +work completion
Quick de-brief at end of class on self-monitoring
Earn “a work with peer” activity Earn other preferred activity for meeting self-management and work completion goals
Gentry FBA Matrix
Lewis, 2008
Outcomes and Results
Student Data
ODR-RRKS TOC-Attendance-Grades
Intervention Strategies Implemented
• Targeted Classroom Intervention– Increase precorrects & feedback
• Small Group Intervention– Check-in/Check-out
• Individualized Intervention– CICO with modified course schedule
Monitor Progress
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3/3/2008 3/4/2008 3/5/2008 3/6/2008 3/7/2008
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Week 9 3/3/08 3/4/08 3/5/08 3/6/08 3/7/08 Weekly Average
Student 1 94% 94% 95% 97% No School 95%
Student 1
Evaluate Outcomes
• Questions to Consider…– Is intervention being implemented with
integrity?– Does intervention match the function of student
behavior?– Does the student need more intensive,
individualized support?
Lessons Learned
Use data
Select intervention
Modify environment
Build Buy-In
• Start small• Training on function based intervention• Same things we do for students…
– Teach expected behavior– Provide support– Reinforce reasonable approximation– Acknowledge success
• Outcome data
Big Ideas
• Using data at each step of the process
• Intervention selected based on presenting behavior pattern
• Modify environment (classroom) to promote practice opportunities & meet “function”
Teacher Developed Supports for At-risk Students
Tim Lewis, Ph.D.
Barbara Mitchell
University of Missouri
RRKS Team
STAT Team
Core Team RepresentativeDistrict PBS Support
Building Administrator and Counselors
* Meets Monthly
Core Team Facilitator,
SAT Partner, &Core Team Teachers
* Meets Weekly
SAT TeamCounselors,
Administrators,
School Psych, &
Behavior Specialist
* Meets Weekly
Method for Communicating Practice
SAT Process•Teacher Assistance and Support•Targeted/Small Group Interventions•Individual Student Plans
Core Team/Classrooms•Implement AIS•Monitor Progress•Evaluate Outcomes
School-Wide Systems•Matrix•Lesson Plans•School-Wide Data•Acknowledgement•Communication