Tdi Bc Fm Pp l3 Final 6-27-12

Fundamentals Model

Lesson 3

What is culture?

• What’s the role of culture when learning EFL/ESL?• Can culture be taught?• How can we raise cultural awareness?

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Why should learners learn about the culture of the target language?

What is the role of cultural awareness in education?

Piaget

Constructivism

Vygotsky

Social ConstructivismSociocultural Influences

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Language

Symbols

Cultural practices

Jokes

TV

Body language

Riddles/sayings

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How to promote cultural awareness

Through activities aimed at:

1. Recognizing cultural symbols

2. Becoming familiar with cultural products

3. Learning about patterns of everyday life

4. Recognizing appropriate behaviors

5. Examining verbal and nonverbal communication

6. Identifying culture-bound values and attitudes

7. Contrastive Analysis

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What is Communicative Competence?

The ability to use language both accurately The ability to use language both accurately and fluently within a given contextand fluently within a given context

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• convey and interpret messages.• negotiate.• react appropriately in different contexts.

Communicative competence enables us to…

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What areas should learners develop?

.

Communicative Competence:

1. Grammatical Competence

2. Sociolinguistic Competence

3. Discourse Competence

4. Strategic Competence

-Adapted from Canale & Swain

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Communicative Competence:

1. Grammatical competence: words and rules

2. Discourse competence: cohesion and coherence

3. Sociolinguistic competence: appropriateness

4. Strategic competence: repair strategies

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What is the purpose of conversation?

-Exchanging information

-Socializing

-Promoting friendship

-Negotiating

-Defining social roles

-Expressing feeling and ideas

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Communicative Language Teaching

(Communicative Approach)

Principles:

Teaching the language to understand and express different kinds of functions

Knowledge of rules of speaking

Appropriateness

Language is learning in context, within situations

Includes integrated skills work

Fosters learner autonomy

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“If we want to teach conversation well, we need to know something about what native speakers do when they have conversation.”

Rob Nolasco and Lois Arthur (1987) Conversation. Oxford: Oxford University Press

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Approaches to teaching conversation

Indirect- Indirect- just by practicing conversation.just by practicing conversation.

Direct- Direct- by focusing explicitly on the processes by focusing explicitly on the processes involved in conversation (practice & reflection involved in conversation (practice & reflection on practice).on practice).

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Strategies to be considered:

Cooperative principle:

-Turn-taking

-Backing-channeling

-Paraphrasing

-Formulas (openings, closing, repairs, irreversible, binomials, adjacency pairs)

-Paralinguistic features