oara- cr tate .; Status area = = * . en k 11* S Oi - E E 7 ff S tate d ff mft N re Officers . --- V g-c-:" eNr a Powers 7 , BY WARD IN. KEESFCKER .'hool Legislation Hain 1950, No. 12 F b L Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator 41e. Office cf Educathn Earl James McGrath, Commissioner'
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ers
7 ,
BY
WA
RD
IN.
KE
ESFC
KE
R
.'hool
Legislation
Hain
1950,
No.
12
F b L
Oscar
R.
Ew
ing,
Adm
inistrator
41e.
Office
cf Educathn
Earl
James
McG
rath,
Com
missioner'
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Foreword
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and de.
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authorities have found to
OS
aitr: CO&
ovisioa determine
In view cm 't of it1j
---
ucationa ii
eonstitu; trar-ox
administrator.,
EXT7--5.-
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4: 41
objthe I
ee_u so (1) That ca 'Tr of their
exercised ; t= r eo.
=LA
ca8o*on,_t
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alopi in
pA
of School Adw4rijtDirector,
ki111-
the worqualified schoW
of a
the structhralis ha
provisions beof school which edu-'
produce the ix=stthe
and
in &Oki systemsand functicons
of both the whool Legis-latures, accepting broadbear Dowers
be ne-A for theis ; and (3) that
they should guided byand procedure.
AtvEztDivision
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show legJ relationships R.tween these Statetrends with respect A 7
onC"irk'
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structural
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4
Irti?=-_,Tqatggice © Legal Organixatio-
introduction
offers a challengingopportunity for constructive leadership in Ex-perience. in the State systems of education clearly
the legal principles of State educational or-azt vitally to quality and efficiency in education.
seek to our StAte educationaldo subscribe to
For of ra,verETAent kt foolsis -e4.-7-t is best.
ant may -de th quality 'of school personnel, itthe need for judicious legal organization and
LIZeg :0_] the of education. Constitutional'statutory determine or-
principles of State school administration.
The eneral purpose of tof ?tate school .or
(1) To provisions rininboards State officers; (2) too
(3) t* showt Ltik...--s-,s_and
qualifications, methods f ..1,1*etfou, and terms of office; (4) ts etth L1 and duties vested by hw in such boards
St (r)e principles and to State
°D:tration; ($) to and zonchoio 6y be helpful ix and effective 1eEi4
structure and organization a improvement S , school1_2:421tion.
6
idea:
visions and enactments
Purpose of Study
has
to
forth powers;
andwhich
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Wha z Statutory"nT
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or
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STATE BOARDS OF EDUCATION
Current Legislative Problems in the Improvement f State. Administration
This study is predicated on the growing awareness school.administrators that many legislative problems aris in connectionwith their programs and efforts to improve State school
Apparently there is no general 'agreement to thti bestanswer or solution to many of these problems. Obvto sly the an-swers may vary from State to State. Below re listed %mime T2r_xen-nial legislative problems in State school a;dministration:
1. What provisions principles relating to education should beembodied in generally? In dealing withState, this problem' is present itself somewhat rea1istic.4
What provisions added, deleted, s modi-fled in order to improve State school administration?
2. the for a a chieftate school tr]e provisions 6-n?
3. ould ooarrf...s of ashould be their many members
board?. !violative should be 1 i1
of education? .
all. State be dled by oneboard of Are educational fano-
tions should be assigned to or x2pdal kwaris ifare
6. What powers o L State ,--Arin-ndent? Should orne of thew by Dew th
te board?
should govern functions 047 ni-sation State deparfments of Which functionsservices should be specified nd bos left princir54.11 te
of the board? types of lees.] tirethe organization of
the legislature designateitshgap--, in the SL department?
. Should the State board of asempower without reference to standards z.171 be Or
kowli :Avre lay certain criteria or
or tivas tto
qu e Qom State superintendents? How should lte Statebe selected? Whet between thethe Stala established b
2
School
adminis-tration. as
a
be
a
selected? What
the
entirely
beand by
the and
State
be estab-
the
of
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INTRODUCTION A 3
-nd
revises and to date thetained tn Bulletin 140, No.
Boards of ana State School Officers_ana
The limited functionsof State boards of school
Reference andspecial is to
have been assigned to special commissions.is limited legal
State fortion. Some to education
to scope vested in theof education anti.
The sources utilized in of thiswork were latestor session laws oT the UnitedOffice of
State schoolstaffs state departments
r.
of Shady
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iLUCATN kr iir fcr f r rrent t c'nm:i n theEI_ rilain Tnt Arnerimn 1f FeiL.-:-3J Ciintut1i: pi j jf right andthe ti urgan;ze ;ts dutna ytem it demaçprpte
IS:vth few S-tt1 n r:ae it ,br!rv upontheir _ . ' - ' legislatures to provide the - - - -- r-LIU &'u L1LIUfl1fltt!ifltTr ''I C" 1i i:c -:-LerLv eE-g r pry power 1
According --% ,,. -=Lk.1 iI1t 1-1LA UtL1LC b tiiut1;; .
MzgleI' ) U I 6'-' LLL;; :L I = . citizens ----- ynovel, aria @conornic tiii*riment without ria to ti rest o th--_% -- 4t.JUii&J.
Th freedom f tt4 to exnriiint as aiIied also in theti1d of dcatiin, an der th :r-edor were tab1ihed thebeginnings f ur present Stati systhrns r,f public education. Pubic--
h&= come now to b-E' the primary and biggt enterpriseof the States. Quc)tin again from Ju8tice Brand=ei8 :
Arneric jfl -j-A fthti in differentiation, 1D LLLUIUflUY. iit thpath of pr:rr atei :hs belief; it has &dV&neod nuian hajpness, and it has :ori-r=d.In nu:)8t States the people have been content with few or limitedI
constitutional proisic-n for ucition Many SLAtE contituticnssimply charge the egitIature wi: responibllity for an adequateand uniform system of education ; some go further and provide
4
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to the several Stattrhe oteach SLite the Union the
responsibilitymost
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L77-74 5M1-
exceptions,
systems school&the legislatures 6ducationzl iiat:r.a
6
It is one of the happy incidents of t thai.if chcrose, silturn a -,\-ar4,31-7
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e
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iet!ti control, A .
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failure toA
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STATE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION '5
and define the powers
f i derat land for educational theState school in the use of which districts
into picture form of0 State The receipt of from th Stateby the necessity of making inevolved with State requirements G'as
a were appointed to,from the school districts and to deal witn them in matters
the funds and of policy.The early duties of oncerg thus
cal, statistical, and 'with to ofState school out of them grew comprehensive
officer in the executive ofSta4 of myriad .of
snd theiaaple records management
of fune
In many in early days the made of supposing-4
officials, who tocould be made State school
officials. It may been thatadvocate educational policies or
would in their Developments intended ip mistake. State
public has come to ative non-
high character.
of) the Legislature :Jvar
Public of In this country publicschools of the legislature under con-
Except modified by re-straints, a Suite legislature has plenary edAation. Thelegislature also hms4, to exercise or
brought before superior forkrt. Okt hand, if
may E the courts.Tbe prerogative of a
and
.pohtical
RW
EIM
INg.
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AL-t
Mainte ....5. Education is
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wee&
State
held b F courtscised by
---1 power rs
t
constant
sfraLIiSa
wdabsolute
g
however
I
r 0 V1S 10 DAie rPOPIC A F-Aa ZE AE
&
organizations
n a,
=
the
whether
rip a4 ....
education,ghout
or a Aabuses rA V
impossible,
=At
a
_LA
Late cons
ArA _&-F
as the - res eh-gi31-E
is
1 I-F r e
L-
A- A
distinctseparate
tIIV
not precluded froAY inea -
t =0
-
eventrying
flOU2l
1.7
.
anctrier
#
=
!attire providestiom
continuesiowing
tobasic
A
administration
A A yen
71:
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4
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OF,
The authority has been to 1)e nota distrilptive one, to be *nst -u-but, on in
the The principle hasthe Supreme Court of Indiana the following morcla: .
¶s the law power to determine tne authorityucation) shall exercised by a State are of or
distributed to township, or city theis a legislative it is not exhausted
ity exercise. The having tried one plan, is not prclud= fromchoice of methods, and may change its ?.ana as
it expedient; and for mistakes isto the . .
To deny the to that progress is ndwe must move forever the footsteps of antiquity." But the
legislative moves in a stream, nd I ot by itsin any of instances, . . (RS N. 6.)
where educationbe primarily a thelegal principles may be :
1. State legislatures haTe power to public schoolslimited gene;Alyturn the over to
2. control of education is in no way th(i_ self-gwern-have to make it s4_.:
be field local
. havizk method of and
ft State the noState central control or agency for
stated by
affirm
. E.
ulless
a
Mill
n 11
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North t2aroliia. i 1S25 This *rzL ii:crvi a "Fresidci ii:d
Dir-c-:or of te Literary 'vi- eiea:e: ccidentI: with theestablishment known'Y' -=
E!A: Fund.";1 I
"This bo&c was threced to tile fuilils in -=CCk Of fl1
:°::;e State rds or of the United Sta: and to alter and change
investment i WV that would promote their vae Thefund th; provided, vie ufficieniv accumulated. was t; beplied tc the instruction of the youth of the State in the principlesof i-ea!r:g, writing, and rithmetic th be d1ve1 amo!:g the c-ounties roperton to their fre-
Soon after the ebIihrnent cf the North carolina boardVermont and Mssour eac1 created a 3:e board of education,but it was not until after Massachusetts ad done il:ewise, ini)tJI L1LL the movement 10 creath State ard o:f eduCatiOfl oeganto make headway. The xard, although itsfunctions were o investigate Ec-}io1 conditions and tc make recomrne!c:ations exerLea tnrougr is sec-retary II-oracu 1&I1iJ, Suc!i a
profound influence upon ethcaton in Je E:ti- -tht U)=t-}W
tgan t4
!':1oarf: CZ education. rn :e=r2mWS I11-EEV
Tj::f:cf=I
evv
£111L1I_, LJL Eastern L&i ia -
Wct S;t By -t2O =1 =5: }-1: -i SZf-t
hr: -:- of In (1Cii'i rl thatfit1% LLS u_
State ; - _:_ of education.gerierat ;-c:mi;
Fab1t I s: t=i mrinry of cit1ected 1sy the :flfl
Fdjcatio-n from various ource vhieI szhcvs the ijwroxiniatedate of oi St boar'1 of :ducaion.--
3+cbber1ei z r. st School AuinthdtrtIon Jw York, Houghton Niff1b 1I7 i 212:9=iiigh Edgar W. PithUc-ScboiI tion ii }4tb Cro1Ir 4qw Yrk Ri*him=" -
Table wIiin whi- p'oWE, wade M, 5.=Y&ariR 1-U Ste.s
178i :FevYork.
ia2c-2:9 L'rth Carolina, Veroin13C=39 c-c:Eecut5 Kentucky, Missouri, Teiinezc1Mo-: r1an;, !iichigan.
IS53=59 CaEfcrTia Indiana, }:ana. }kip=!r-. Oregon, Utah.16cLeS9 Aiaa!a, rcr:!z iIVTL
JEiie-y IW J1ex-c fXas VirwITJila'
17fl=Y Zkkirado, Der Sontl Caro-thi=
?tTiZOflL
19O==91 Idaho, Montana, Okilboma, Wymiing.Georgi VV=gton Vàt VIria
ii3-19 Pennv:vnia iiziiie!ota
1OO&t'% (1949).---:::_ ------------ .--- -------- ---
J---'A -
----.- -
-S L= 7-L ,
J4 L
- -
S
Fund,"State
invest the
such any
in white population.
h
Massachusetts chief
upork England the movement p-
i7tates thence States ofand States _
education. Maine Static, have
information
origin
e.01! .11;
.ralsyg .0/..11
was
=
- --1-11-..M.
Massachusetts,
NewLouisiana, Mississippi, New
,
Maine
OF
as
ap-
Statesits
to the Middla.,
of
Malin110.
beards of education
1900-09
Maryland,
Fund in Ifig.
Ild10
1101
1111
C11
111
Pili
1141
1191
4111
11U
1IIIN
NIII
IIII
IIRIM
PIIM
'ti'l
lIMIP
PI1
1111
1111
'11P
RIM
INli1
1111
1111
'1;1
VI
Ricent Significant Changes Affecting,
Tne putCOM
--"e-on, and Ayanization of State boardscidons. rk fewer than 16 States ha
jett and interest in this field cont=---cia
selection orAr
constitutional&J.
* A
-con su
Arat'
put 10 yearsof State Jn occurred
Vet Al
d New J 947:
g_ _ _ _ _ . of
. ... , , W
t'&- 1% i. brf-L, ÷ =..-= !--t-r _, _-_-= ,-_ -Zf f t -a . a . a a. a'.417
_ti.a.
orF. :41 thi= 350 the
Governor
t_11
ox
---- State u-zae
decade w
E
s _ _
--- V
B. a
= --__
= = =
Hampshire-73 -a-="--aAAA
E
-
1943;lative
M
E=-1 =
at
Governor
-_=
*J._-
a a _
number
A aa La-
N &DP 1 nt
and Alassackwa
=-= a -V-- 1 1_3 r = 7
. "
a= =
A ---77_
=- -
--==.
-=
- = 4
State boards
_
_
_
tj
me recent aecaoe snows
school
7-3
Maginbers from*V_ _
-clods as well as Gomm
7A A-7
MF-MM f Z.rt a
of ff--44!Ile decade four Mato;
da.
THE STATE BOARD 07 UCATION MEM
lias b?-01-_ prolific with changes affecting ge-Lecibia, Auc;v-tionlegislation on this i-ab c during the mff
composition boards ofand girug Nara Carl z--.C^Fdap
Missouri, changes in in 1945;Indiana, _ci
mont, Tr' and Wnt Virginia, 1947. Inimplemented by
ucatio1, and in exasMoreover, 1949 the of
first time S Board of
-*
MainsEducation.
from the State
icr'a CrovesLor.Recentthe following important trent affecting eGovernor and the of Education:
11 itc1 the
tiotrion1 of the
I. A a:II-4 tOWard removal Olt th Governor 1.o:1os: ars on Statek0a7-drf S ducalon. A does& ay. ti memoir was eg mmYairm
education in 16 &atmthe Uftberati_
Arkansas, Indiana, North.1r two of tiscia2 Sates its; Governor was mot only OK officio
member .1wsit tainzan a the inter& Thus legislative liart4,-.7i.:7
10 years ome-third the a where thewas member of the board of education, leaving. 9
StAtes in which the
;
2 of -roma? chief Stateagile= from the raa*r and giving it to State board edu-WAWA" (AB evidenced in Make
A of by the Governorevidence in 2trivw, 'ewes,
1117
_=
f.?).4. _r4--:
c
W I A
Id LZI)11 tau= over
fez
nom veOtJea
tea
ovd. ars: (1) The removalsvon, ;
---a t;
dg
ofand their
1.&gislative thein
Georgia andconstitutional 1944 and
Kansas Ver-1948 Co Vorrido, by
legislation inState 1949 re-
in letrislatarea
Newboard.
Relationship teVeals
Board
officioof Legislation within
on State boardi inG&firi*F.,, Missouri, New Hampshire,
Caroh-am,alto in
reduceda State
is
toward removn1the
&in and Washington.
aremoval of all ex
State tgmriartiR StateExamples
front State
VII
IMom
mtr
m1,
1till
issi
fitta
illiit
Ia11
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1171
1111
1511
2e,1
1111
1111
111J
1101
1111
ottIR
MII
Illili
mur
airr
nr n
T11
1111
1117
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1117
1111
1111
M1
IiF
,iwl,i
lurr
raao :#4 Minna*
'
IS
--I A
g
S.-
e g-22 - -=== - - -
Arrvin ANIA
ngtfM
-V 'ff3 PA.-.
ntendent
- f_ 3. A.-
tfga nit8__
ashinfr__E A . a- 1- a
2,22
TheSince 1940,
U A
Virginia,1_
74_
13-1=rafts_
_p
_-
E
I
A '5"
--
=4 -nEs U(LUJL
= ff5 5 2 E. W
z e# s3 t- 5 -5 f g
= . E
A 3P--=== 5
--0-;
=
V 22- 2-2 22-;4-g
L-general2
U..10 = W_A-a#164";
ur, of eduction. During tincreased tne n -Ws
T.--
= gA
gasV
ricall8Ca;
I _ t Carolina.,v
ia.in Arkansas and4iyareds of education now ran,_--
A
"
larger me,
=27e
however,
A'Se-
A A A= g C.=V rs on .2 5 A A 5 A. 2
A.
_
rease rangesaia to 11 c-as. AL_ -.borshin R.Utt.
----I AA=AA
-e2J
aSsa-CaiW sits.Vermont,
m I additional inemiRr
and Oregon to 21 in
decade two A.22 aA
ge2
272 2-
a 'IQ Tta- g g-
AV7,-g .2% 5
;w
E.- A i-==
boardCf-
@A-
ff_ee
-31 Ae EISA
rr;.42-A 4., ,A-2.=-;2=
_
Av-LAI ui
I _
E=
-E-JE
ore
= E
l''W"lirI-71.erlA L t=
a - I a_w_T--.F 1e AA.-e
rff V g.2 62; EFT if . A= L
w-=Vse
member Ij
Elected b As-1A
4
ency toward tvote. Gotora
State bowd
-7LA
-a r
a,
Ai- IA -A TA,
appointed
#g_ _ A L4 A
=
E. r=
A
*-1 1 Ae---s.
01M71.11
0 1.-Z.L.-eA._ n board
A
A S- -+LI VILA a
V- 1- as
large).L
A
5 g _A #-#
a
2..22. AIL
;
Governor.
of
the. ee-
7.27
-th
E
--,tar..niemirp--ritseducation whose
one .from each congress-* --,
tilt'.7.====1-2.=g=
3.1
selection otate_0_-_,hank
#
even, ad_---ar0
s_
niPmTexas, ALL
,vt 1948 and ,,49 ado._tpuiar vote one board m
e-A
z
A
ff
tee_E E responsibility
a
' ff g elAe= vesting A=A
AAA
A
1*
,removed 81'ziri9 fray the board, nameT flti :), est
retaining rti* as a the SUe al vei PI 1 of votiNg privillege. (2) of
I n e' t , six Colorado,:' officio
:44-..iti, North Cser f- i a, and Washington., mMO¼13 State offici, as ex officio tileof
)...41.14 -i-ix officio 't board. .
iis.A34,iti EDUCATION
-; I-
04.4 A1
I;e trend towardS decade folloster-1.
eiva Colorado; Indiana,Nrag Jersey,
The
Texas.
.0
from ne
21±:1 I I :if0- = La=
18,48G1
oon
ci,tiser; t .igititesait to note theColorado Missouri, aktiliiii61 y e4Tr,,_change ex Stateiifl ix 1644, by exofficio State of four
of eight by the 1948by bonshed
Monti numr of8
recent legal
- of eht by from:i1.J
eo2rsi,-,-,md
1
definiteL.=
trendfor poll
itf th department
=
Pram4!
*nitlyaWve faof u
--=
allIn,
board
onthe
Walhington, andWest
in3 in Mississippi
is that duringand
tionalboards.
board a State
a
most aboard by
and
many years legislaUon re-flected a in the State board edu-in educational
also toward byenlarging the State
1111
111l
n II
IIII
111
1111
1311
111
MII
I11
1111
0111
111h
1111
1111
1111
0111
100m
iloom
oom
THE glrWl=1
ngtitutionh, provisionsnroVislons .riu co
organization oid education
education.
CC a
have
iheva a . .A all
re,. ,k.aa C_MS
C....1-415_ a
1Luluontroi .nnuenceC ft., It
=
States_
to
provide or
legal
_
ftft & 3 ft= sa-Tsg&
determination.hoard
constitutional
OF education Est
-46
44=.4
pro-A.L
&Me
=
SA aim.3- s
SMIEWIISI.
as lac S
S ass I
= 44 EM 3. am .s oft s S a .as. s camas:.3
6ft. s Si116
Gear&
r
a
Florida _ e OF S S S S S S S S s S s s 1 S S.-1
1 Sa&E -rs
4%: g.... = = = .. .= ag as am = am am sal am a. a= aw aa am I1
Idaho aft S S 1/3 63 S S S S S SM SSSft
ya.'Sfai
*SS 1 S S MO S S s
aa
s
S S. offb SS SS S
= a amS
ir#
Ed n===- ar- s = 1 a. a.
1Sm..G-- ===-,
m
S 4.4 -=
4h gg S"fa-Seam,
4.4
a-
sft 64 .3 S As sass ss
AIL22 AP Sa Ea EWES a .. 4. .. 44 ee 44
2
es sm s2 Q. 22 aa CV g
- Sfts-ssgs= s
=-7--
Mies
sas... sac S.2==fgft"
_ J aa A. s s am WW a. a.
S aft S SEW .. c- ,= .=
= Es S. 4.4 =a
= ta at sr sm 22 Ea Ee ea E. ea ae
-=
.3.
S Cat a Ss s
77-a=22s-
...... 4.
i = 4. = _ = 4- ft-- = .3 s
VW Ma M. MD Eft 6a. ft. 3. EM V. .4 44 ..
= 22 2. Ea a. 4. aa e.
-
ma aa me me
.mrse
ss
a. 4. AA AA -
s2 Ea s S am
Slction and Composition-.ne manner r-'7 composition of Etate fly 3 3ft 3 g- 3 -33
_
a
ft
4=41
-=Tv=
AND OF EDUCATION
e=e--4 .VUI6 tU if a=
triry Provisions
basic.legislative with iie
tate of ri4en,c----eated by either esistu-tional or statutory provision (Table 2) 18such boards in their constitutions, 22 ity Constitutionswhich prove for State of usually ,-J:pulate thenumber of members to compose the board td howshall be selected. In Borne instances, however,visions leave the matter of the nucn r 01, ttethr and the methodof selection for legislative
Table of gia for State 4 0 States
e=1-
z
;Mara education
and
11
:
fitist,
Coned-Ul tima'provi-sion
Rtatu-key
prompion
-_Ckaisti
Ultima- 1WM-doe
Et tato-tory
provi-awl
1 2 3 1 2 a
Alabama Missouri X _ ... _ ... ... ..
X Montana XAriuumas X Nevada XCalifornia X ew XColorado x New jersey X
Connecticut x New Meccfro XDelaware Yea X
. North Carolina XOklahoma X
X
X PennsylvaniaX Carolina X
Kentucky I__ I Tens X
X Utah X ____
Maryland X XX Virrinia ............
Minn mIta X1
WmhingtonlArt--it virriniaWyoming
1K
.x
_
a
Tm
tr11
1111
1111
11I1
1111
17M
TIR
P91
!!!nn
iirii
owim
mirl
egiiI
li 1,
111ig
uili
gE:2
2111
111I
1111
37m
nrco
mm
lloun
rit i
nim
-mm
egsr
evrt
inn.
drio
nim
irm
vpm
mim
oim
prIII
IIII1
1111
1111
1111
111.
11M
IMM
inim
mou
l
v
fouranDoi
.M= A a
tedparw ap
CT- a-A
= = _
table-
n
Statesdr-a
v../ km.*
#a a a a ri a and
---_ a = E_= _-.E a ft II- AA_ f I
=
= )
A= 2 " . &-. V.V. .. Laa .....- -- E-- Va- A.-, _a
= ". -.. a-= & ---- -' ta : -- -7 if- A t 1- t..-- t a A a Aa
-
-Ea N A
7
t
=
'="4-
of
A A 4 =a a-- M ^ a-=-7- =
g
I =SA -
-
2officioant]uovernor.
aa_E-E-a -* -
1-ku
7---4tA:tp e_
A t
_ 1 _ff ff_ 1173
board s=1,7 1 1 eLl
a A- - _
_
the A
- a Araof a aA v miaKe,
n.
=
I
-_-
= = =
-
IE
school
_TT=
mor
z-7
a
#
E E E
I
- a-_
=-7- - remainingI-1 it
_
---
Florid% K. _ - - - _
t
_
Aal V VA
Michigan,s
1
1-1
a a--a = a a A
AT
0 I- Yv___--OOradup GILL,
7.a g_a_aaaa -aa
Statebya, V Wat. NEV York
Intariat=
$jg1 -i it the Governor.
t
t---#4V-A-F
EE -="A -
Vermont,
S;_
* 12
into . yiton : (1) Exmembers; (3), e
or- thcte r"
MUCATION
or a more complete c cii.Asificatiogrimetivis :state e Stz
8.IA 9 States the Governor in a ASZtlib
axe not-in 2 States
ma:4i of
4-
In771ye-Ror.
by poImia
_ VS
1W.
CerAkli
the taab-*4 -igmetz
'11ntialr
, appointedIV five States h-L= or of the are
;2E- school 'co
ex
ma _it: State board on Slat, the a--legislature and AR eta
rz-or. 1___-1 sr, :-A4,1= of the aste board are ex wo
A of 9tates, by method of selecting Staters-mth that tkem t -,,,,---,- eight types of '-i
according soothed seia-ev tiJ
17:-
do..011,
Ex.
,Q1ccted
and appointeda
by44IL
el-z.%; by
IMINEIN
. States
A 1 II Ken-Maine, Montana, New
ftbrol
V
New :to,
- Y=teaft&
California, Connecticut,is, Kansas,
New Jersey, ViiLNevada.
Utah, Weald
Wyoming.
(ealk-
OF
ofllcio memtws;members; (4) partly ex officio
of the systhms us-ed inand using the
of 7State officers engaged in educational
State
28 half or more by the
sys-
of - it
I
Ex
Wirx)int_ft by Governor,
Exrvople.
byo=" `o and
scheal
Exchief school
officer.)
Legislature.
I(aaho, a,
Oklahoma, Otinron, Pennsyl-vania, Tennftsft, Vir-
Arkansas, rmisware, Guer-
ide ex number but vote.
=1=-= .a, 2.
E A=
3 V-I I .
mm-m mas;A v: A
..6
the halffirst
Governors, State
N_7. -. _
4- and 5r Lne twentieth1-s4 .M . V rg ._ --. 4g g N-
1 r I W-# r _-=-7..=--_a-.-,-,..i..._ &_--
or-A A
_
Fromhaving
'n vvv va * a r
I a E- -
Nrov _=
nectieut, 'Antis
LU
----
A
-ietn cenAboards o-
other
T
State
=.1 aa am 7 ,----States LM
4
f. I N
E-
inure 1,rok.L4. trendthis recent decade, thebe row State
'Fa
IMAP1Aa
v-Y rmat A
V V in-,--
EE E=...?
increased
Va,
3
_a= =
# w-7
-
13
; --- -a 2
w
ilia = NaN_Cas
s s =2
Vt_ A A A- A
V r ;and V Irfrom
4-1
States aboliQ;"--7===4 exArkansas,
f-
Of1940 tad trYzu
kL75
OS-
on-"V.--= 7 m
rgia.f'arolina, and
4 -
- - - .=rLr_
t 2-, A =-2
;
_
a
tr.= -s7
_._ A===
g- -
fA...
_
I C h..., been a marked trend
from ex officio of and toward
duringt education,
d lais. Thetrend bee away
elected Since 19 there a LItTivdualdecrease in tile number of State ii of educationco or .m-tetly =V Officio members (talg 61).
1920 1940 number boards of educationno ex officio from 7 to The
ex officio members tI years wen
1940 '4 19=4. Withinofficio UMW
boards: Colorado, Indiana,N w Hampshire, North
STATE OF EDUCATION
_ =
_if:4 r
ige officioas ez
C4L. aimedCr Waco! ,-4,e"tm
/11.1101111
W247
4.=.coW.
_ ft!thavtag
Ow in.
t
-mbw
yean, 6* 19Z4alek.:;-: of a=aegga m4.2ta
r-
411-
Member tesAsadodr1111111-.
1W9
7
tdm
0--.--Inienzftm State --IT,Tomtzi N4mtatt. Ohio.Ohio ftivwrAgt*
eliini-ex on State
has the type boardboards. has
of State
thatTexas,
Wash-ington.
Table 4.---State meneben State boards of edocation,
IMO
GovernerState sot work_%de
selecting amestbers of Suite tee
bitcx1 al selection
1
wkony of aiSde.appoiatad eketed
of State boards
of Stater mak
1900 1910 I
4
itito 19$0
2110 II
31
30
43
1NO
431
so 40
Hoary IL cif ot °akimbo..Pram, p. I.
M11
1111
1111
1111
1101
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
11M
mtim
MIII
Iiiiil
ifillu
lliM
ilnim
imon
imon
num
inm
......
..11
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1i11
1111
1....
.IN
INIM
MIN
IIIN
INS
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
111t
h111
1111
1111
111m
illM
1111
311
MI1
1111
111
Min
Mgr
1111
1111
117E
irtia
mm
emm
umno
nsat
ivm
affid
o11
1131
1119
1
7-
7
fi-71'
== -
6.---Compositk--,i cJ
Slate I
AA 2,- -
..----- _
_
s L-
- 4 -*- aw _
2- = _I-W- & E - f t -_--- a F 1-_..-7:-.-W a :
r.--__-=.
1.
=
-
-
6-=*-1
*j_f (ME.
e=Z_
*ladeds
4
S5._s ==-
lan
tI
t
w1.
1 =____
1.-
tt tI i t:-.
I
1
! i
iI
i
I.:-
Ia i
i
.w_
w
-1
: 31i
I_
1_ _ _ 1 8 I
,
1I. :
rki Itw,
!
Ii _ - --
I
1
_
II A ti! -o- 1.
_ i uL I
1I
iII i
it
iI A 1!
_-_-. --A
Velt
a 1
1
1 t1
tI 1
_ _t
1t
I a 1 i
I ; i
II :
:1
I_ ._,_.
II
I_ A I I I Iii._- , -. i'
ti
t1 1 i i
tII E i -4 [
.1 t-.7 i
1 tIi t
...
: , .-. ti
1! _ _ t tw 1
i. I
s_
New
-
:
4--*---w-7,-=.--_-- y E-_-_-.:--- -I --Na) ..
------z t
s
=
- ---- - - - - - -_ )
1:77=W
... :a .... _,.._ _1.
_ _ -
a . -= . -10. a -=---== - --- -
----- k=-- - I 1 -----__ --
Mg
I
1
I _ _
tttt
I I
Is IE
I4 4 - _
I !
t
1 i1
II
!1- -.- 1 -
I_
Ii -.1
i
Zi1 I
1 I6!
-it1 I
1
_-_i 1
M=t
_5_ --r appointed amt
z
'Selectedfrom
a
legislature,=
1
1. i_ _ I 1
_
1
16.W
1 . ;*a 1
ii
1 ..
1a I
wiI II I.
I I:
S I It0 . I0 0 ii.-- i I
11
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it4
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the
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N-E-N
14 OF EDUCATION
Takao Stift lloards o /ducat:ion
Gov-ernor
1
Arictiors (041) _____ - -Oardarnia
(104inc - -----
D44ware (1%i)
1- rOe ...... -
Indiums -
Maas (10d)- -
Nevada-Hampshire_Jc-r-ty .. - -
..... .
Ncrth Ca-roansOkkhom -1
Smth earehm____TTex= - -
Wed %ink (1947)_
ow
OddState
schoolWaver
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
OtherStateclaw
of assiabars
or
Ztlyt"gorernor
9to
9
10
*13
7
9
7
196
MOW aditto`
'NUJ
Appoistreki
elected
7
Fa Akio
1441--bt-ix!
1
1
11
10
to
IA 197 7
1110
4
It77
12 12
1313 111
9 le
11
10
7 77 7
12 LI10
6 7
279 1062
ewe appointed by pertain educational assordations, oneeach imocistioa. ,
'Appointed by the Statv 1 of I at large-by r-11-sool board eonventions.
Two elected conventions of c boards adirectors of wchool d6tr4Ic.%tate has no vote.
the chkf schooi oMoer Use approval of the Governor.
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= .
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acquainted with coricWadopt new ones, thus tending tthan evolutionary changes.
of E
22-2,= IA tthe 0 _a=-
g_ .# ---Q_A- 1. I 1 -- F k_, w A A- a AE w
about the policies ctsuer' circumstancesmight ignore
Eg EEEM M-=F
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ep
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vita N tinilk.= %Lies viag mfoDumber ka--umber N umbed
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4
1
9- 2
1
62
4
6
6
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a 1
17791310.M...........
of ffico
1
of of office of elected orfroz) years 9
1, Hthte. to of ternin many ates, is office
of for'Ps .14c ce. xi7 is sometimes 2 but mostly 4 years.
Ov eug.747..-Kary for the StS viols p-?4n o 4-; board members to provide for overlapping
in order avoid a the personnel fxd at one 'rime. If the terms even of
shouldprevious
bring
,E--i,tre nd recent the lengthof sez by ksa 1- embers but dataon number ©f State who werein office in 1989 were for 119 tppoin- board
served by these Echenf-E;trtsfrom 24 to 2' for 1 member. Th medianin of service was 5 A median 7
per' im P-49 i mxt lee
A o a stg--: Elameatim.Washington, _ Government Printing Office.
assakfron boards at csrtain 1900
15
of 01
1920
4I
1 4
9
3
A
3
43
4
4
1
9
4
11_12. _
11___15,19_
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Term and
Ter?n
was
terms.It isState
terms to the
boards,be
ranges.
was
Basch, Fred F. and FL, Delmrtmeets ofBooaritz, Agency, Office
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niot
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are
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hip
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n
board ===-=
office __
Aa==i
4a=rk-/
THE STATE Boian OF 1UCXtiON 17
members lair, or i percent, wAre reported u hiving attelidt--*-college for a jive least, and that 17 memberz, or 4 percent, wererçoTt s hiving ha_ni Do educAtion beyond hit;
requirt qualifications and sptxdfic tic4fectias the composition of of a-t follows :
Idlz=4-s One. member fromfor fitness;
each district; pointed so eltut be subject ". the authori-4 theAqg
Arksorse: 0 y school on county school urintdt,and cos to he on Viard.
Mo teackimr, com education, acounty board of -----ducatiszt. county or city schmol superintendent, schooldiroca,,r, iflJT of any State board for higher institution, or teacher
_in any achool or college eligible to appointment as member of the stmust Its of hL itirul taspikrd ability and a-
rater-.
c*n-- ---tat=s40-11 one member to be puoint-Lti ft alto! reside in
more to belong to the gamsparty; to par------on t. kto &8 member State C_"var-r, whois in -an, subject uthority.
member from each the 10 congress districts; stoutcitizen and resident of 5 Yeats; no one entplo in i professionalcaty by a- private or public educational institution or b itv
of eligible to appointment end no ,0,--41roonor ha5 employed by a book coraftrm
WAG: to b ppoi ref toaaliation1 or raiirim.
Indiana: Of clie 18 apriintive 7-camt:41t, tip ie artirell in3
.---te member tali= each 11-angrvssion, district; not mere tourfrom pane 4,73.!:,,lt-or.L party; must I:* te%v-, principal, or
Appointments .461 like made on t and forto pi of residence or 'y affiliation; o member
'Jive of aymAiottriert . during term Arriaa to crtgagw-ti:wuerkiv.,
IR
Eleven ;ft-3 members; one from mick of three public serviceAriee-,; one siff, each of eight Congressional Districts.
tyi-mori to
--st Sive amide? the State, exceptanY WtYAW WtraVii%
appointed- basis oe kL-araaer andta is is aril way sakt-- t its
to 64,--7 or ap-t:4**b7 public, ekr _kQ employed
atschool.
af-as
tx)ard.
high-schixil
Arka=ns: achool of
At e:&.st oathcounty.
Deirwint: that, threea of the
way
Georgia: One of onalbe
Statewho is
1**In
withmit x¼upation,party
than
superintendent
position,
of be as aozticator.
1
Maryhmi: b solelybe
No m-emr anyto in
EN
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tv=
each
OF EDUCATION
two_
g==AV=LA = each educationalA a- A
N A I- z
v _s A 1
workL_ ineligible
£
f A,A.any a= county A 4
V A
r t =
educators I
ELI 1-r-1' and1-.= a f a
- be
V- thevfa 1 1 State..
I-5-;= v
five 4-s_=-4 = y 5-1#: ---#_ twr
4entinstitution, one,:wrs-on =rt_
V_A _ v-
L4_ ! V" ==-_-ss V'sVAL=1;4Lvs-
Three more
- 4 , 77, Ar44A1.1-S.s_
t*
than 4
t rjudicial g I t # v-i as t
of the t A A=f, lEti member === T ;-= = time == = k . g-g- 4 =
s
F-4 principAl,ir
"Li; V - - A VA A t
I. 4..4A-A-L3r
=C e m, 1 _= i
7-T=
leading .!.=-_
United
C
_a
Washington:
not
otherany
A LA
anyState-
*4 I e
-1 Li
1I a
;# ;
i A _A-A
to
f-
---- TV's- 1
each grand- .1_2= 5 g
v
-CNA4-4
t1-1--ur V -A 7r. vs kg V
fr.
s
LI" z7- I r A
ion Lonti*
-
t
division; ear
professionalA A
i I -A 1.1n
resident. of
E ff t-
all sections
f ti A 4_, #
A'
:TV ALL eA
t# districta s_ =AA gs4-A 4gk
f "a =g I *
countyy
_A tr g'xt g VV--- g---mfi-11 V
local
same
- g-Aa "
five jit i
serveholdmember any
1--) V i entvo A
Av-A Vg- A k g
for integrity,_
politicalculture,
In some
VT-=a -4--
be ; I4 'V If -#
party;#
publicall E g gs _ -
*
Meetings
;
I
1.;Lr LA g g k_
at v
years.i
1_-A
7s 4-A-- _-A a g
otherr -11 t 0 7:1T. =-
=
t ' ;11--- of - g = a s AL E party;
onpublic
;
gt V;
e7e-
3 sA
-7 V--A
of
A
- - & - v-AAk--t4 =_--4 I IA
"
5 1_7 V_V I
= rmature A A
Li
knownA g A
L--=- l A I*I- A ,-_ ri
1A_Ev4- AA AA-
I 1 A IVIk V V,
:17
,t
lgso-
STATE
than 4 from same politic* ; highchararter
members from of cong-rtoraiOarT diStrieta ; notfour aktlist wL t same
political party organization.One district
: enrAgtA Into
/brew, : Not less two not more one rfmt dentboard.
ev th'*: Of one be head of h State &du-a county of scho-AAN. and one
workg4-4: mornbe,,rg taan members of
andor officer of nn
Oregon: Mast inchatie one employer, (one one homemaker,
One oath congressional district.Three the two
to At three members.Texas: Member must a educator
nor connected with textbook heold, and district 5
thA: Members by school board in c_it of seven
be th the selection of suck persons.gall of
Members to of from mustnot kxt employed college,institution or by school system.
togilftia: to sameno appointee of yi-rmitted to not he politicalparty executive or of aers,I,or
Wfri: to be in work;different parts of State o membersfrom to he
businesspublic education.
Board
States the number of regular im
ids:
Neu(VI
a
a a
arid
C
Tennessee:
-as
as
C,Woe
State,
ability,
im00
0lim
iiiim
ilmom
ppoo
mpi
pN
iES
INN
IMm
ium
rn _
2 V I7 1
r_ _ _
BOARD_ _ s
. tft_ ai A. A_
the of1- regularngi TT1y
vn u rn
more
t4
-- _ -AIt14#--iV4;-"_-_-_-A and 1IVAL.--=__ _4 4-4.,
%; 1
A == r= 4 a t
_ _
_ _11 t' I
cL=A _ k
Lilt -CAA_ 4
I
ever,
A
tV-7, 2" -7 4- 4
a 4 #g 2 V A g
withindo
this size
t of--=
I4 I
I
probably
444- the X ;"-A 4--=4L=T_- X
r
thereA
TT
Ag A" I -7 a = 7 a -1
"- I
aafA e glaq =i lt' -
it iktti.,#.1
= -.=
= - = et_4.= - - = A_ A. V= 1
a 7A_ .4 a 7-1-1 t r.
2-7 # A-_-- 7 v=---
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States 1.7 'iv =1, ij
1 =_, ot__ 4 4_4
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4AT 441111-''''Tii-4
A 44 # _"*1ilk 'itt
4 1
#=,, , 4 4_4=
A
4_ ; vT =. , r
t 7
The yi t7=
fl r meetingsAA 17 a- 4 A
-; those 4.t L
i---_# _
=
the
n cnci
4_ _T
-
- - T j =
-.4
; =Li
meetings
14-.9 4 A 11 ftt, ift II [ 4
= * tthe 4-- 3-1 Pi_ t7' I ViV ai4 t.II
Cdkfr-rL# :
..--avaa
I meetinrs4 I t-- ! kr#
0.1
I # - -A t ._ t
A _ meeting2 a a e a
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4. -- =
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r
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AT3 7 7-441-t-e
a = = 4
at= meetingsa A -A AA # A r Ken
_
=.
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-
a
months
_ sI T-3
I
of; I I *
t
CE in ntirteSaturday
n reviler
r,=
1 4 r= 3.- =
time1 = i s g may
A s --- --A 7
A_
- g the 477 -ff4 - 4 a 2
T-#-4 11!in
=----4=y
-A;
of Acaiii chairman; rwin T
4- 4r2A7" = A
_ -77 = = I a. = I2
=
V- - 4I= -
_=-- - =A
A2-7a -v_ A A A
,--- 4- p 7- 4
CP I=A_ I A Aeg
ilbsci
-4 2 A A-7
semiannual
timessuch
; ;
_ 74- p= A meetings;
4.1
calle;; }rt. 4 t
=_Ati' A
--- ==2-2 LA 1 I 2 4,A 2 A ;- C = .2A
v- _- _VA A-a
majoritye
_
v 2 .11,111.1-C-
r
# 1 r- 1 r4_
# -= #= A A
n
--3
47= La I === 3_
A I_)-L z mcethirz --
: -_
7
u
OP
scribed by law; init may deem of Ile
board meetingscalled by the president of the or a
of general 3tate hoardsare pmKribed by in a, previous office
study° it vaS mported that were as board meet-held a year. not mket as
Often as in a population ofor more, median of in cities
of In a year. of how-than of
provisions for me. iting-; are
ott'er the dalesand the nolo& of schools may Jr-Nu) re.
AJ-4~-:-.: annuAlly at such time as thp boardsprscial i. call of the president_
ArilI *nt*-1 'Annual meeting Monday in Septemisrqusrterly on ge-tcond March.,spetial meetinrs c.a11e4, by president of president,
calls meeting on request boardtre e rnbe ret...
1ar every 3 at tvoardby resolution spedal metetinrs by the py-etidentupon request any four
t *uchtimos as board deems nietzmahry.
other meeting-II at asnd business require,
neeigiar: Board to designate set aside one as a -
held nt request of Statetendent_
: additionalof board members,
State superintendent of schools may a mft/t.ing.
rueet-Lkgs by the
Et s board determinet.$
Kansas: Nine mgular others call of
meetinrs everyboard tray by resolution special meeting" ai
19
as
1A-ga1
as
s.
Delr ar u
a
Refularas
--.=
mia
mm
usum
oull
20
Maryland:n
77;r7-11.1-2-Ea-----.
1
A
Achtsk.i.member E
STATE
annual meeting
meetings.
aE 3 32A el,
trrniTieie merlocr,
r
E3
meetingone
Missouri; Semiannual
y
"WD
_
ITTCATION
-3 a chairman
or before tr.-,
must
g
t t
4
=3-
kit&
meetings.
upon caLLE
when
4611...-206-3 5".
a4 3 2 other
74 2
a asa_f
3* meet c_rf-4 at call of secretar-v_flaw n year
rile-VtinrH
R3 3s- ._--,-- 3. a
3. . - ..
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_. ,-.
= 4 * 3,... ,,.. a 3 a 3.. . ,. -, --=--- -3_ - ,
Jerseyeachnecessary.
6X-X-06
meetings asAt __least six regular
WT-
-3=s. 33_
secretary"must
ma U
achmatinee
rales o
cr a of chancellor, commissioner oi euNorth 3
A ot
36 a
A -
LEi-T ri V
AEA
_ 3 33,= .=
t= .
1.-
P..
i
E 0-== = 3 3=1-4E_
= - _n_ _ _ u __
South Cmajority
fixed
members.
Regular meetings
E
E 3affE-
YTk-L Le Al
regents 2.3 s -a--.23
anyorE
fourth
3".3=aE. 3- _ -
=,_ ,aspecial meetings called Dy chairman.
Utah:
meetingsber, January, A
ra-t nMarch;
fi a _,M."....3-..--.>. =._.s.._E. =16 rwa a
other
nianii
*= g- =3334
2E ==E
T3iF
In ber,
3 4F
EA-*
twice a year.
sm.ff
BOARDS OF
b -upon request ofpedid
Louisiana: Regularother meetings calla by resa
Maine: Quarterly
meeting on last WN4lnesa in Ilia other :Aarin A nd 1:ek_rua.4, pedal meetings he asduties alai business tlf boardMawadver-_-4,:; at least once a month t timesesd's may by and requested Iv theb flay
Mk ow At least e_ae;t1
mesas: Annual meeting August, n quarterly meetingstion to the meeting; kel pith meetings.
call
Monday
e. &May meet t tom cell at any tine of anythe board.
MOntana: -Que:uoril etIn w ;1 or by president or of ttii 1Km,
11;
DNA pla.: least fou,peal tit Td im&N.9%; eiwyekifiv:
year and suchas be required.New :;1,:nes times as boardand every pima and at such times mayNw No law found
a y te regents.
Neetin ch as ofth call o the governor.Number of meetings not specified.
to be baldker, ac ,
and
Monday
11;-,A1n call ofstf
Tem szeeg
ezas:-
7
bt re; July,at meetings upon ea 1
_ members
at the call of the chh. and at least
request of
Usveam-, -.L2Armax.
a
in
meet-
andor
in addi-
regular or
special meildngs as di-
at
at itithmay prescribe in
as judgment be
on the subject
shall atOklahoma:
of calling specialmeetings by board.
upon
August, and November;
Regular
the
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Apr.,
S-1
Virginia:
t meetings47* 1 aa 4
A #
-7a£ aa
called
superintendent ggg waaaaaaawa g t- teAr
A Arga
resolutionA a t-- ---V V 7
.47 a-aA £Ga
--=
a chairman
a s_wawa arA a- a a aof
w-a
meetings-6e-0
call rrr
A
e`=e
# ell
uponFq-
request_ _ a = a a-ff 0 6 6 0as -As 66
w
0
4
meetings; m --_ --,___--- - -__-:_ . _ _ _ ___--. -*- ---L -7_.= as =--,LffEL
.-
5-A-72E
_ A of =board require rawar.r. aww ff=r611 State rAwiff-Ve==a aAw.---awwwws=wwwof _ a.-
avelsnveir
A' 4
--_ --,-_ - --2 2 ; ; ; -A-11 ;
1
- - -*A =' 4 A
forcompensated.6 ass
honorarium,
-7-----=== of the Stht_esEnFM -aa t
- Or
1
Indiana:
=
M2ME Kara ff4ga - =
AL= L.-Le
--a a== = =
ff WILD daY
per6-
A. A= .-7=4= per
7_ 9a --=: .= __
£0CI
r_-_
=
year.re.
A 2= A221#7-7.aama
_17- --a 1=14_=-_
*A-1
Mira- few 810A- 7 a
-7- _
A .W _ _
=-=
_ A A= per_ =a A
--=_-- ---=_ A- a
tfto.= _
,cent,z
-A Aa z
= = =
;a
25
A =A
=
A
=-=
7.111..V
1 I
I
=
7
ara
in Ca__a e_ A ====on to
A A at_
w_a_ boardet a s---Et meetings, not
_wa y-V-V year._a re. in tAA- ----
= = 20-A- A- :SA ding
--e=
a_
A
=- --- 4=- A, Reimbursement
full expensesa Ga.=
egEE E-ML a
_ _ committee=-= w
afar -eGe- expenses.
PA-a-
THE STATE ARD OF EDUCATION
Vermont: Four regular meetings annually and special meetingsof
a-z two fiumberv.Meetings upon call upon _
of mccn-*
W Annual in June and meetings
A eagt otherof board.
se majority
:--=-1aranual ainstruction
or
a of the of education are notsalary, oy of any State
wrIT ;imam inOflthfr of the diem
or small paid ex ocowhich provide compensation
trteAkf,-1--= service, to days amen.
r,r]
foe m(4 fs t exceedTudiasee each calendar month.
$ it§ per
_.,.. exceedhnr'- =1-*_W4
$10 to per diem.
per ill
Oklahoma:
-
A
West
memo .
10 1
ere, days a year.6 m.
ft diem.3ar
71:
It
.1=1
*er1.-- - !MI for
21
at of4
six
of
Compensation of Members
aboard meet-
In there is aail
board
D.I1wMr: $25
$7
Idaho:
$5 per
Louisiana: $25
per
per diem.
$10
per
SENA
$4 perwork.
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STATE 17:43 A rt rt- !CATION
Occupations F._
of &cc
- irJ
.1 0"=-,--- A----- - A-- _ .._--
...-------.--0,-,A, °.-- A__a--A .M-,-' 1r-T .._2_=°-A. -- ..,,,A. --=. ..=- .A. = a M a -- N-r-E_=s _
A- A_
since
=
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14 -
a=ils a.* AA As541 Vrs&A=A...a-AA'
-7-. A-a
=
_
s
ofis
member,_w-
E_a _ people 0,1..herOn.
t "A
pencils
sas
-Eg -= =
ararn, co
eir occupation men
;n.*a with_ -
they must k convincedentangling oIin theirewt.resent all
AA
-g yA- 1.
of vowel__ g
tnewuri
_ ="aTE 1s
_
organizations
=
A=A-
-_
Ui=
==.-C.sra.=== A A.-= A_
same
E A_a a A a--apt.A'': et a a a. =
_ _ A
g .7. re IN
H-Q
private aP
=A--E_A A
1.1
aure4=-:._
0 I . 3". - A L.- C
t of .
at of education,U 1A
understand rmiyrn Pnl An qualified par
a A.wt----=v--==m -
g.
_
-
g Ea V.
_
!
ZaW
-0'
OF
10@r4s
ere is isO way w at proportion of the membersof -tate boards of r?:...Acal-;:on should engaged in the professionsin business, or in other occupations. is improbable that anyonewould advocateNvoluoreed-madly of oducato lawyers, or of of.any other o pTo.3fezsist_ or vocatio croup, \a board com-1,,cto of personsfrom a occupations iz mo likely to kte cosnopollthan one that overweigur pergolas thoccupation. A
th; thehis particularof ofaed perm of unquestioned integritywbo
public afffrs,of ':sav io
and theof duties.etn p a board JAW!, -4; on t
the adoption f
I A It
,P
a
.ESE.M"
224
1be
a be
in
however as
bepossess Ibility
Onlyand
!Irl
ftI
VII
IIN
IIPt
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liii'
T Chi.f Statà School Offic.r
viiopmsnt of the
?iA1::1 . CIU1 flflC:i }Sfl 11
! and in ciiers cf tte= xited f)Titç! rf 1-rmie UL LL: ieriu jj11t11: tT vi-re- uaY
3k*nEr of Education or some c:ther title 1cc not imI tot
:;= York %Vt$ !1St t4t4 1X SU=t:II t1t Uij chiefState Fthcio= ()leer. Legature-. on Line E3'f. enacted a
I::J-(U t:':r)t a =Cflnztedent of r(;;!I1ULU: ;'e LJ Li-le ccici cii This v=
TrtT 79f!=- i51FM after first I I A---:e --
' for LJ! not rE!- to. = -z=- - -= - ==
of I .j public :=r.: r- = =-; many - - = -I j1 _ j i 1W L i f1 I- - 7 , ---- Jthe ccurtry had cf their own fnItiithc
n=ic -thOO18 before the Stat- 1aw reaii=red them to c1c =c
hIRsnci1 8 th New oi1: fttt establishing the Offl of Stcjci= was the frt ;f ts kind iii the iLnited
and own cthaHy the ar?=: conception of th functions of tIoffice, the Iiv i quoted e:revitE-==
Th w York Act1.
Se!ate a As-; :t Jere shall be ctitnid n o within tEa c. anu1 a the n+ eninniiVCfl h!L!I h aiunj, i= the council of a4ntaet
=-- - - - =-: = fr; 4J enamel salary --.L
-J1J LI LL L L
-= =tiitil lie :;i give notice of Cite first cIiuitwLion of chooI monev tavab1eIi !H!E way as i iroveu IiY ouiei oinca, by! the & tivQ an
2 the support of -ZtJYVL UUWU4ti £'JL
2.
7 =m1
77_ -
7-1
_
471_
I. -.e g
-
e.;
-kr- eV.
.
.
-
StaLe this publicationStates
&ism Commis-the
otlym ki all the States.Q
the t1onIt* it,
1 ire which schoolsappointed appointment al-
State ) State-schools. 17.2-ke was
interestthroughout
ceD,teaalert
0_4by the people of the State of New
distinguished suiptintookat
d
the
1-,=.
Part m
a
e
uarticeI
THEsince the
lack
established
Statez,
, acted York, in
schsuperintendent
ay
II !
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24 STATE BOARDS IF MUTATION
IL And ba it, further eXae4- that it e be duty et 44 .s7-1.U.c._-[1--clat 62 id, to digest and- vapare lang for the improvement andfzianizen fiLif the commit eels& tant_ and e;tP te kti-,r
common to and report .!tIru-gif the (ie mto IBM 4 superintend the =,4%rarctti, '18 executemirvitim relative t the sale lands, wku now ake or. mayvtri,'Mp as a permanen soppot ef -*-tt)oon sehevIE.may by 16t4-7 ire4 -at him; tog Rive information to the 1Wislatranrw;d all matters ref,rwd t Liri b either thereof, or -:j,ichw:11 app-onaln to his office; asti getterall to err al suck services%I tin the e of th rj1s as heAmid shall prior entering Ptta -J-=4;-3* dut tr4.,47,sr
ses JgI, sad faithful execution ot M trust.sk
p==7-0 TAVAOrT ; by an of February ,-,9
b7 the GovernorwAles were
thet PP°appointmentt
4
Miezifta=,
Thsv.
a
*614 for
t of ow allshal9,m4,=shekl
. do,
1.---St:=
ramtai inet--'-,am for the
7-,-Sra,MU
ef the Oder-r 1-10,
i
4 the
chief school.x1011111
council fW.M
=- f
Ofof New York.
office In
azad uy *A
t Just
te 11
toWOM-
ft.,tee 3- la° =MOS manner.
andsupervision
1.-44
an
StateL NCii
r
_-=""
P14,
A's
LL-Iciden
rag- lefof- _
01.11and
.411
wallah/a
gqVL
-7
Such were the n
ti*--i-mealla if
and
nrilCe WO? u
which brought forth .44
,
in
the
organizationof schools; prepare estimatft- and
collectaonof hereafter
Im fund for theas be
branch
to shall be diretted rw=rfolto his of his take an mth-0.1.rmation the
Maryland was the a Stathact 1826, the Drovided
awhoa* practically the &S tlum
schools in the &awla 1829. Front. 1C-;=30 tO 18-39,eight made provision for the office, 1o50
office had 'een 24 States and Territorie (Table 9).office came urgently to the foreground
the of ith first evitablishment. A short time Wore sortieSt-attl; haa Lgun to provide permanent
and had tried the experiment of granting annual Stwfs.aid. It scn became evident thew States that, If the State sc..imiL.e correctly applied and made us---eful to the h-rzhest
tz:eir ,.,......, -enditure must be centrally supervised con-It was aeen that this andcontrol could be 1:--est exercised by the appointment Or electiod ofsome calc-,r who would repreftnt the State in its financial dealingswith the kcal
With the growing recognition of the place of the in Mu-cational matters and the increasing volume ieviaintiothat the 1-Awith information concerninr both statRprwrais and that they neirdeti
4
wishes of the people concerningenact satisfactory whwl law. fmta. coLul.d
_Aiftsted mde by . St,._.t.-L L.:-,-012. oxii-c-..ti = a .11,4--- i -
. u-siwt-tiormnvelM 'IAA L a allnia .fr Zi. .."-,an officer could be of in theState toward the deep---er intemtu La4 e ft_,
in oducation.
first office and
f I 71 el th
r
#of a as-E.-. .
the_s
1840
1 Ct7_
a-a --riv-zz=v7-'-7
==a
7,
= - =-
-=c
o
the= f ...
strictlyrequirements
_ ===_7 -A-
L=L
country.E
A
s
25
The
un-
a ch4I °tale
New orkt _
a-
7_
=
'7E-9
====
_ _ _
Ot_ ===.
_
c=
. t -==;
g-__P-At-=A -A '
.
---
w - s g =4 I f . _ A 71. c ..--I i 1--- =
, t . A L _=:----- 1_1 , a ;Aironn: A--7---A. Wag-7 i a n g, :-- ,-_--_ .----
L.----------_,
Nevada, 4L r --- cWashington, west v ireinia- , .,. .,_,..,....,---_ . ,,z __,_ __..= _...--_,,,_,, # _ . !,-cafWI
'''-f = 1 -*---t_ g_Dakota, Idaho, 1----I 0 r L.,..a. 1 ..E., Z_-- -.M.I.1.1 . _,-. --. m.-._A A.--- A -1-Ev-:. 1.-- : ;47-JA -r U L-11
---_,-,L--- ..--
Toxic
fl
Artv-ipE
A
somen A
-====
_
t
V
Tableand the I
gT-1 _
- A' A A .=
f
-
Li
schoolanother
_.
= a aa 7_- _ a
a
due
6111,
secured the creation othertile ()Ace was ETparaz a
non, arising f4i American conditions and andillium11 practice P-TL:i other
oble witbla prevision was tme,
Louisiana,
ip.,rd.7
talker;rr
Pennsylvania,L-21V-Mely,
!p:e-,-A,kagelftP-_
Ec- AinoL, Florida, New Jersey, Ver-Ter Wisconsin,
JfOrrLMinnesota,Nebraska,
1 TNA--
A,
Wyoming.1,877,9 rgiI,
4.1
- ____
chief school o , At one agState served az ex officer in
10 indk_:: the itp,; of the ei officioJi officers vekc they yedc,
OFFICER
time in thephenome-
11.--LYears uriach school
1812-29 4
1880-39Missouri.
Iowa, Island,Mississippi,
1850459
officio Stae
the States.
MINNIIIIIIIIRIMIlliilit1111111111111111111111111111111111MUNINVIlinitlillialmilatomusintinimustiliollminaNionimmmoommonumana
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= "
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_
§ I" -
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comptroller
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_
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Stat.
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ff ," 3 "ff.
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Aff-M
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ouisiana._
a-g
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state
- =g E Es L.
_
-
Territorial
Secretary
Of V
Y71 =
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=
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4
26 STA
TE
BO
AR
DS
OF
Table ex
ofikta
chlef
Sista
same!
oHk.rs,
Mk
ofdates
servedl
Arona
Arkansaa..
Col
IllinoIndiana
Miijlulppi
New
York_
Ohio
Orem
_Pennsylvania....R
hode
Island
Tszaa
Wyom
ing..
Secretary
oftreasurer
Yam
41111=11M
ion
"....1111111
Com
missioner
of fund__
Principal
normal
schooL____
auditor.
Seretary
of State__
Registrar
of
treasurer
of
1Chancelor,
State
UniversitySonretary
of State_
Secretary
of State__
do
1State
librarian
Tenitorial
auditor /1S,==
etary
of State
4.1do
Governor
Secretary
of State_
secretary
of State
State
Treasurer.
uyasurer
State
treasurerlibrarian__
swum
.
.......-
1867-68
11858-61
1874-751849-65
182'644184.3-61
1868-19021860-62
1865-611861-69
1821-641834-67
11871-78
1844-51180-71
187$-N
'Oubaerfey,
11_,
and
voL
IL New
York.
7% 1927.
11...
Mee
mm
olim
mon
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no 1
111
Hill
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iko
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ii.
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7 STATE KIM% 01!
_
_ --- _ _ 44
_ .=.==11
k
s
E12-- --
ia = =4
1
=
aA ---,- =
Nevada - - air Ifs
I
=
f=a7 a
E 1
= _A 1
2
a a =
_71-=
CarolinaI
4 -7 ----;
Z_ a a sa al1-. srE=---Z-77- aft
F-= = = = = = = =
;
A: rVliiaE-
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' IEE
= 4WI' El 1----T-Isfla
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af es, a a as
a
3
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1
A E
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t 7-
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_m=h4lora Vh:-=_
=
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Fftil S j Interior d Wimttzm ietkv klvx
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a -
t
e
4.41_ it
CHEW
in
11=11, 4
M-We id&A
_
1
etkin
iwkInKinCalifornia
Indiana
1 1&35 1 Oregon
1
1817 1 }Canna1848184918t93
1851
1
ezt Virginia
uri
Nonli Carolina1.%uttlAnnAmwas___
OP
a,
mitatrimipoe.111ineiR
1851859
,11.7,otN3
a AL
1W-k5
1 %.,-%Sl
1 FAS
_
18&S
. 1 Sek8
. 1 869
1 8691g701870
1876
VirfiniA ...Pemngyivama
Cokrado
1
ntanaNorth
'South Dakota
Wyoming_
Utah-
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...111114111
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New Mexko .Ohio
ISFQ
lEtTIA)
17
1012
Bu111n IState p.
for
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BOARDS OF EDU
_1 ft _ = =_=
States_
A
AZ,"*_
t
_ ---
the
lowingonai provision:
office a&
s-
consist f--:IsT
ndepartments 4.
--
-
=7_
a, -.1 "---''- -------:-
their
ETA'r. TION
Starts provide for th of cOofvil constitutions ani 16 by ttut (: )
"
school
of
providing g
tib dctprovisions fo
Tint
included inor
aue ExecutiveGovernor,
I= eDepart-
14
Lktnart
28
Constitutional and Statutory
office Stateofficer in
Table for the cMel school ofiker in each oi
&sal
AlabamaArum&ArbiziessCalifcrniaCokwadoCkon--rticut
DelawarePicsidak_GetwgiaIdaho ....na
Aammoa.nammb.-
By cazt-e.:tuxi
ByMaki-to I
asOzy IRau
Indiana.KansasKmitawkylAmisianaMaineMarybAnd
MmachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMissisipptMisscniriMmtana
NeEraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew York
North CarolinaNorth lkota _
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articlesrelating examplenameti type ofment this Co onw?alth shall aGovernor, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Attorney General,Aud:tor General, State Treasurei, Secretary of Affairs,
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and euperinteIr4e4,1; of Public Instruction." (C tion ofPe'flfly1Vfli4, W, IV, oe. I).
following is am example of the constitutional provisionsincluded in tha trtiel relating to -.ducatIon: "The GeneralS. ty 14-7.!I provide for the election, ity the voters o:of a Strt-a-Zn'-erident or Public Instruction w:c ,1-a-L; hold officefor two years and whose duties shall ke prescribed by law." (Chry8 z,e4,-, of Indiana, VIII, sec. 8) e Th tirlt State 4_ i 1-cak con-ston1 3im I r_ T the office .---.as VAcii:;,-* (11Se). Sincethat time SS .,'' oc-t-.4% hal,-* previii-4 in their respective Con-stuliots for th office (taill 1). Four States (Arkansas, Iowa,
----CADd, and Texas ei-.; one dm ha,[1: constitutional provisionsfor tha office but now provide for it ky v-it
SF-At-Ant cosstit Conti Lha affecting tha selection of thech.! occurred in ,';-2Isrtu-74 in .19 n; in7t-104:7-rizo7-4-- in 1g:::B. Thew ot only reporiwn-.. :74]:e
rent constitutional am Yaw:At/ affecting education, lout alsofled a tisteiti:tioni..1 trend i ine with widely pyu views ofeducational authorities. The constitutional amendments in both of
ew, _tat= :::kre,-i! from the system of popular electlort of chischool officers t. th jm of seloction y the State boardcation.
k4rici
there were nine titles for the chief State school officer.In Vole past 10 years the nualker.in general use has reducedtx, ix. The title superintendent of pr-lbV; instruction is UStates, commissioner o in it,tion i 4, çer
ir 27
. rd of free sef t tit the title
coiun ULL Commissioner of education a title thatmostcome
into since ky I Ail i dog bgr.
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and inpublic has been
hasuse 1900, and been 10 States.
this title is in useThies of the offictrs and the States
using the title 1940, and 1950-
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: STATE ------- ;- Li1AT:!
c:it itate cI4,i
Within I: ;-'=4_ : r__-w:r modified --
of chiefL-Li*--U L-Le *The_#-
LILM officer. 1Itr- the ofLi1k't-i. jj1
i-fl(LLr-i=U 4(I!Ti duties,Ens 1TUktrelationship with-4 = k- board E-
4 -=-----=4 '-retied ;_g --=: -- 'e_ -
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of !Lhe L:;r:.:! S!Lt !v Jv Ci!; ?=-- is--'--- evidenced legislation
',- w(:LA=:-- ;Colorado
i=, -'1rq1--= #hj1:(i :LLL1:ttJ _; .t=_
-1 --;- -
:iti b: t: to E-I1Oi!itTfl,r? ?v Stt board__-4__
T:Te-! TTR 147:: F::i ::'iof1949, --- ___,
I_i-__ ik selecting =L' _1 school officerr=T:; 1v L-Veri
L::y ttriJ
.In y__1949 the --L
'--=-
-A ?__I L
chief State ii1 '!r rrti y :-_ the : .LlltflL Li board ofji- education.a.- T 1:r. _t! r
:: havey= ---- __1 that tile._-4 p-L;L:
-: _-.missioner shallI
=-'-_4
f__ - the w- _ t -% I:&__-_ ' -
.:- -_-r
:LIve ()rrlcer '31 Lfle LLU LKT:i1 !I IUS- 11jnrv wC1td
:tf u;=gt i:rti Mfj ri1: ttW tj-- (I
Ir:ar e:&:;1T :;- :sTYT !
F5t
2:; State board, --_; 4 ' -- == the + _ ç ktC I i =; I_i L=J I -;::f_ j==
-, A=1 !F7 tMAj. and
I A4 F= - State 4- I chief : .kr £ I
:
I , t= r_ --L ILWj ;:A j I Uiii rL;-
- +JAState education'JUc H
= _ I __- -:-_
tL L; t: '
'
=2i: I
£T = I£ and :i--? '-p- __- 7 _ & '
I* r= Ft-- _ -g -
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T::_;; hisw i- rtiT =t'-I :
-rp =- E-
_, = t '- %-
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I . -__-L!iiLM :I- t ..
-,I
iuj of office a.d sakir LecrfsJ tithFl of the c}ef hci uJ9i= j r!n
3f::58mnri irc-i 3. and 4e term respectively, odefinite termre -sc:iti a: the =J-_S;ta:i board ;f tatjc;rL bwthm ix: AIj
!: '
Signilica;; it ffeI.
the past vehare
his, his qualincationsi4_11his Stale
nd legis iv nx-fc.-.01
d finite trend towardappointment school officer State txxdby in five
Wiatottri nd 1948, amend-method selecting chief State
from pe the of
T datures,
chsziftappointment be ppointnierf State
seel-Ae.ion
Statesof or
education. T alsoin several other States.
a fromsuperintendents by p. a.poL tzt:st, Liv.3.
o:
'
people r
tx. $
efr,te
,
eMP--st
E.X-44
Treerriae.. am i
=D-411)10
t1],
-Jo-I -
ikt
on et of9
h t cers
a
inStatki
toof education.
of theto
as824s.
4
con-as a
affn ofoffice Sthte Maine, anshiftel.i 2-, in-
theMats.
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_g-= I nflAm:z AT' EDUCATIONSTATE --'--- -= =:
- -- 4- a -
- ______
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A _ - - -
--- ,-----
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-
r
G.&_._._ S S e a a _ _ _ . _
Walk_ _ e S S e a aS eeeaeSsaIllinois- _ aas e 0 See a
--- -
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gi_ - - - - .. -
- . - - .- -
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Rhzx Ett board... State br&_._ -c.._ ttt - .a L a a . f a a
a - a
- a S a - S a
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S S S S a a
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a -a a - a t a a a - _ - a a a - a--'- -- - Se a es eat _
Tune. a a S t S t e ----------------- a S S - - -attb.._.. _ __-______t a .. a- ----- _ _____ a a a a S - . _ - - a .-
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--.---- -u-- ------ e.tata----- I _-wa__k:__
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of
1840
4
---------St. &rd -------- IPk -------------.40------------- I
Waco ti.--m4.0.
Peop .. .- . . _ . . . _
a - q-n_ __ --------___uo-= -----------
. a = __ckb_ -------- .. - .1
---------
c- L 1
cFV!rn --------
DX b. = - S a a
Peop ....... - - - = .. -
ti__..dO-a ---------
rtl
-------,_-WJ-..--.-
State tjri1__.......I'- _w_'I_ -t= - ---------
Ixm a
k=___
a C=;W- _ a e a e sssssss
I- . _ .dL _ _ _ _ __ _ e a a aI55 5 a
. ----- tnstasae.Se, a a a-a a t S t 5 t S a e aa.
W-a -----
a - - --
I __
IS..t ac-----------a- --------------
- -a- -
a
-a
People.a---
4s a-
&,w
-a
State beard.Governor.Pc
a . -- -
a
F
prIUL-5 (LTi -ii tj. 4'J tJ=,L
= = -= 4- such aa_ ffiVL - =- -- -a a_ -IJJ-L -a:
Ljj + i£1L1LvD ui tiurautl;oñzed Lty hv [IT aS f011OW8 a
1rs
iL S I-etzient of th Interim, Bureau of Education flt- 1I21 T tk! of BtteSchool of!c::- 25.----- -Fa Security AzeIe7 Mention,U. uue itui
aa1a z:o Z 1State Bsd of dtction d Mitt StMO choo1 '3fPr Tbelr Stt LI
00 kM
4r
AADMILI ..aAjr-as-4.-r-* -
Delaware..
I
People .
Peopledo_ a. 00
State board_
No
...10.06.:IT_ c : Ar
......
L. 0 Z.
-
....
Mcgagm-
ea 00.
,_
.. .
...
..
People
do.
d*. ..........
a
do
lie. w a . I L ..... . . . w
.
how
People.booed.
ft
Au. _ dehmgdg....
_
a a ek)do
to .dodo S ...... ...44 ... - -44
-
t
No aloe
State bL
I
e
- +
mw
.115:,
A,
.JA 2! ---- -7,--
.. do.....doGovernor.
44k47-M .....'54
_
.
0 f
.Sas-.
AD Me a*
ole41h4...ey,ndaffSb
;(freM1=...'
_
.40
ritOaltS40
- S
-do
%)."do
a.tia
State board.
IftellOS .00. w . ...OP 010 M..
P et,U,Mats tra
PleF'ftVenta
W. a a
a. 111b1;11.
920,
avayta.
Governor:411-1mueroot_.---......
Goverm5..40
41&
. 00
i;ft .
000.. .....
a
DUDNog*
kr*; . 40
. . . .'
INN-04
...... AD11/401-40e6
Slats boort
Mate bawd.ftralmw.
0 ..I. . . AM .
.V. . 0.t
.
en. nato Moor&The laws of th States generally pre rib who hall kt the
?tate boards, au z* th bowie,re.
. 4Tok.J.
.
Si otand
_
State by State,1950
State
1
Alabama...
........
. Aye
Maryland.-..
Dakota..
......
Wats.
*NNW
WO
do.
fill1100 .40,040.....
IN
Governor..
assembly
Pool* ......
GovernorPeople... .
Peopleat
.........
CkAMMINI.....,. ..... We.POW. . ......
10
do.. a. ....W.
ausambly----
Mr
besrd._.
1010
do
-....do........
..- -
ID
do
do
Peopis.epis.boatd.
.do
Board of
a.
. _de
4114L.... ...V.. ...... OW
.....
of
..do_
040.*.
StaleiMMINIL*0,4MOW.0.0. 0
. . .0 . ... dr MD411=11111Wa.... .do...... ...... a
ra=smo
.....do
a a
People.
¶
Nevis.do
a .
. I141
. .
S. XesogrosiPowers.
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HII
III
NI
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Alskame:
Arizona:I "a4
aaa
i governor preside4.10
ra-al£rT ove11or is enni ma a
1-1nAA _A--
board 4 a=e4. a r:
--ta= at-5
educationLCUji "alt
e ft
Si
is
a_ gtaga
the criaua t-_. -7,-. -
one of .7=;-
school superinte
ma*.**,,=.a_ dent is
and 6 ,a;rm n. a
secretary an
E Aff - 7 .6 a a--=a-- 4 A E E ',a-Ta_=-a4
tte superintendentThe board elects
it :7-117-kara-lt 't,1, a
president;vice
Merida:
Georgia:_1-
Idaho:
Indiana:board
is
one oi
execu1ive vp.
aa6-
rrs president; the State super-officeL
a Art *7 ,LW 6r =-7==- t,S W411- CM. Si 1
itsa A,
Aaa.convc ent Ind=WWI niroms""..169 chairman
necessary; t 4.6 66 ..r-vik"la ta
and ft _
..!`_
J, r-,=niay a a Aa a th
len1l7 of board; fetate ;&II..
.i-..-
the Sn'a-e4t5 E
r4
_t r_I LI mem
6 aaLALLyt:
1 aa-a-a a_ aa
i . -a v
-= rM= officer.
ne governor Berm as _9
instruction as nek4eTatary And
61;7-aaa
The board
- -4 -var. L%4=4---
the mi--"ta of
on, of its =---leinimrs as chairman; the State-r e bra
makes rules -aagnu regulations for its a-alVT Se
V A_taa.
&=.;
government.president joi4kv a
a -faa a=4
-oL t own members as F a=7 na treasurer.
Kansas: The State superintend-finsecretary who is not a rnner oz
Lostiskwa:president
y
is n te-,1 theI6.- a executive;the board.
from its membership a president
E7-
a State su isa secretary and exerethave officer.aaeta -a-4as a# *
Mahn: The board elftts itsmiss one r of 6.1 atton
,antE.
A
A
ehaiiian andex
aa
2 Car rinairlan; the Stoofficio secretar; mnd executive ordcer.
elezts one of its members as
The
president and oneState superintendent is secretar-l ireasu L er ,
A A *executive .._aa_-4mtRAI oner education is g A 6--= 9
Mats superintendent secretary am.
Stt superintendent4
-k&itiT=-.Botta taa 6
the
I g
ecntive w-fm..4ser.
Wert A =6- -A =a
-fftmr.
AAissikt The State superintendent twave øiciTrom Its
a 4t _AC
aa t aa T
u6
Ng:PT-MIA a the
it1 -7-- a saaga g
t2Z: -81T
Mantmet The governor is --77-7=-101aent he = r----
A-mnterIa=.===---fz-tb 1.1=1:11.
and eXeCUtiVe
and vice
the State
, CHM STATE SCHOOL OFFICER
i the Butesecretary not chief anut
&Alta secretary.
TkU eu7n-
Cdirrdes boardi ten-oat is seer-;ta
Colorado: The_ S
hotm--43-- Gibers and yap-points uelt aa be
En 0 whomlye a the tb superintendent
4Zhe one as prati nt one as
superintendentpublic exeectiv
i-natifsint i svative
The superintendent is officer;One
baa Dads
board and a irks
asvice tht
=am
The I.
i damn 14y thei
is 11 in
7a74:- goats membership--1"..e,T' tttr-z- --v.isanEntionw
board one 02 ts!mvtliemit is
ta.4E.
'JZ,Lieat; super-
35
is
Arkansas:
.
maya secretary,
Dels4wwe:amd
officer.
elects
a
The
com-is
Maryland: The board
officer.
Massachusetts:
Mkbigear
The
Mises& The apresident; is
Hevaa: Thesecretary officer.
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a
=
irEa-
---.-- --.g
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-11: 6-1L A.3
- Jersey:A A
Avg w=a---._9 0*
=-A A-# a - g Ea 9 _9- = =
1-
A A w-f
0 a Fa ak7-=t --e
governor
_b_A- _ag A=
AA.AAA
A 9a.ff.t ve # r_ A
ie superintendent is
- TA rgi== Aa A
secretary IC-- T1 ala A
"'LEV0-a-, zmte 5
executive officer.The governor is president, the State superintendent,_ p va= d1'4WanlITIVP officer.y
WW
4andsioner
se-cr
a-a-a regents ch---ain byIch other officers a.5. tne
Theofficer.
governor A
Oklahoma: = A a-a superintendentc
Oregon:
Pommy E
V
officer.a
aFri An.
=
0
itsiteofficer.
V _eAIN
vernordesignates
_
_E -WO
A-
The
The Wa
zie cia_
is
-----A--....A. a _A
The
ballot tulib chancellore,==s--
-== = necessary
president; the St
AIS .W-ra f.fRE _A =-A
chairman;
- - A
member
oneeducation F,
a
and
0 #0- A a
Statechancellor,
commis-
superintendent,
executivthe Eurwrintenean
of Lii staff asrvrintendent is the
the1 ff FAa #=0----A,
A-
irn
Stat1_0ua
its
secretary
officer.
is executivethe 3
theexecu -1 A w
071 necessary.
A
chairmaneducation
members as
superintendent,
and executive
f N. A A ^Ord.__- T
ae
A- v v 9 officer ==. secretary.its va- LA AAA a Ci
the e -C.11 riI, -L= a=a
"A-a. ge4 AE W Fa.= =- 9. A A0-=
boardmember OT
# hekLT AU
bienniallya AA -AA, A
LA-A=A
gvt- ff.-- ----a
dent is
superintendent
and 'T
a
board tiThof- A_I e _ ea. la1-A-
VI ---rAaE Cre A1% CA.
a member as president and some personthe board as secretary. tii
eXAy=1"- trL
tA a-w ta F hthe .--Byt s
e_
The
State suixrintendent is
tma superintendant is ti&iident and .= ta,---4uve=WA.
asthe a a04-*-11 vm
T
a s = I.&ap ---_ A es =7 .=A A AA
-
=AA .Aaf.'17-U
OM%ff E. p
A-A fa_ A 1th ntemimn a and one
rItS a the 6=A.A A = y
is
The board elects a cis secre--._1y.
Qualifications -L 0ofb s... 9.,....
-te - 2 e: N 0 '7--''-;---*i-t-,'N'='' -;-- - a "..',.=7.----- ft --f-Q
_
M 9IZ
9 Ak::V
--.
egE
= A-- A E
for hold;ra-5: the
by
Aft
en Ma FA3 .-
School
-----ionar of
n
oliates
-eV*i ntion of cidei
T.-
eae
a-e 19,a 3 3 a3w _- es,
- OF
namesand
StetHew sem-and
The
this executive
North Carolina:d 'executive officer.
StateThe State
*Mimi and a ofState
board has as StateSwats, Ca.()fins: chairman; the Statesecretary.
emossev:.
I IT 7 --t
elects of chairman; theof
dl
executive r.The governor designates member
Themot a
thofficer.
&siteVirginia: elects one ef auvice re:Celt; it State
1.
Wyoming: a education
ci
These qualifications prici1 y the XiTtion, or t1iJ or Iy
are certain
I.
t. t
New
of
a
West
State
State schoolofficer. are constitua-by constitutioR and
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idom
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TEE CH=
Ens rega_ e aua
of anProt-.
71 _
A =A=.6 =1.1 of
r-MciencDit.f liclv
unite qualitim
education:A or generalto be a eitiz
tm,
an elected*_be nie in States whe:---e he is
a resident,but in three State_officer iu3e._ not bementtVD11-1&1' vote
676
it
E school.66a.
=A
been
iie established educationaltiiandfiris. Fourteen
school, but a ----nrnro
grade certf:experienceA
=-"="
a 66- s.
reCIT themlieu of
specific legal
.1 L5Ift1Ofl3 6 Arkansas, ICvnWyonting.
States =L-r g a
Arkansas:
(5 of wu_
university
=" nater.===
cat&
Colorado: Such
=
A = A A =7_ _
w p E ETc=7-EL =
in
a- a
-7s
=.
6 4=
and
State
N==
h . 4 1a A....ma......,,w A 6-=
from... coilege. la -*1 %En I 17/p
A-
6-6
6-
-
L=Yui= = = a
6
I or 4
-
= =25- a
STATE !CI ar?
Th =fttthe-chid Etas =hall relate chiefly t. nd
qtahiensat,', all,r the gam, as for *tierStC-A. officers. The States that noir
educational nature do so by tute.Stiao_2? either umi, Its
requires its hid State school ±4ce of thes wouldofficial. 7in most Stat,_40: ik required
the laws provide that th. chid. resident f the !7=-:.-4_-:w.--te t -alto time o ppo'nt-L States that do Lot elect chief State school cArs by
have no legal r*vsion ufrmn Stateresidence, i iL that a nonresident ASchief o severalstativ.
0 : r. ImP".".7 -n*-t queffiesto ,
most flexible &staggr::.-ustiage from college orwill accept or "highest incollege Among the States
E tr Inig morerly g4a o extent of and other
school lam :U for
GwAmata of a air college; niztiadministrator; ym experience in work.
experience; ; 0 Cli; QUM) tracheI* responsibility) State teachers
per ei tatiton;
qualifications Efi 11-L7.V appropriate.aat r standard college; nays'C327-0e;--) other qualifications b State
Goon* *Mar32 *12'. graduate or 5 super .
-Macy experience.
Valid State cArtiii,caiKt--;%'-r7404. xformaaivet i-sLAVoystkv = actually award ire the state Isabil schools.rive years', QUM 8 teacher
college, normal schwa, or unive-nira
OFFICER
officer age re-which are
elected
every
Certainly thishe to be
a
and thatmay be
State school as has done in of tile
the 24have fairly
requirements,Maryland, Nevada,
qualifications the chief
as5
Recognized qualifieti technically and byholder as a
of
pro/elisions' be ded&slaws*: 5 teaching and adminis-
by
years' experience as
(teachers') of school,or
Iowa: or a
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imif
orm
i4.1
!ilin
uEns
umm
oNam
ilani
rtar
tzni
ll!!!
1
r ,olu AT= itL!=L __p ___
r Kansas: Hold 1:et tv :tn tn!n' c:rtifleat; ridez;t f- yr. W: cef CrEK1t!z1 co1: I1Uur4' H3=: courses; az 10 yea xprIeiie ID Wci t::i yir ini
MayIg:= P3r1enced arid dtWMW:" ffl!h1fTth7Vfl?perezu,e in :ea:h:g ar(3:
gr&duat of a it:e: ;: years jprf1!!JL)-Y1
1ThiiP:ifT-I
£Ai
_1_p
_T rauate ox a unImr-. cxi or !oivai cu ; o Yeayi ezperince as teacher c
a4I---= Tt1ffi1iw
in f1
F!
Montana: I':;1ñz=r of &ate fifget. c: highest wadant oni&i !w; &e 1±barci c-f E;jucarny i: ==: normal schooL: Hg; Must be -1der of h!ght ra4 &to c.rtifeate
LIL
Heviia: of r!; or 11:ver!=1ty; a hthfr;r of Sf r4-p':g1:1 jit: cw iri-iMi
I&- _ I _ ; - = I _
%- credit
-
w - _w4 1 -=_=_
,t
1#
Ii
.
Skilled i1 nm1:
.;
__8_E4a a
work E * a _e
t a
a +'a a
a
---=1'w AA e W= J -IUCULUr "and shall k
Lii 1 I ___1;;Iv4 UL&y Ma4=y
=N t6;; Holder of Iiw1e. State timbers' ertIficatOtk not be iit 11, iiv11PIIIa 4ftiat notH-I: al!v ttLIer
': b person ef literary i1 scientific atta!m.t *d of_i1;ail-I 1_ 4
;; 1LL&in schools cf =iiz; nJinc u-vtr wIie1i he authority.
ai-= a -=_ have broad
a =---a
=- 'u tj
a- i a aa ability JL L -L t.r fr!! £and cn;io! of 1itj-. svsteiiq a!xiat)-:y Ii and
cf jth1ieethonr3i'
cute cnr= issued 1w the uidi iioc a master'sIu& =cb; fk+iiE 1mt iiA pa
w :=_=_-_=-
-_-tate, or grac1uat oi University, co-liege, 1a riciiij ehocLVen ShE11 have kali special trththig arn ueienee in jaJ- Vk1k$ E}!I he
ed1zeEtor5 4w. I!!a?: Kn: 4:-ft) aadiiY1
.
;r aim :a , VP-r- Ex1rIiit:e 171.
w:
b'.W!-: .
S
,.
4i
a
p.
a
. c.
.t:
-L
4
_ -
3
4
,
y1, - -
"pi- ; . 0:.1. .`44'- . ,1- 1. I, ..,_14,44.1. 'lc f , : V .
N. . . ._F,-r- --7""'.'"'.1.--sk-- '.it 1 f .., ,.. _.1., .. I .1 . i ., ode
Fr
--411
Et f1MS (!atO
ent,_;-.:
;21
superintendent..- 110111
ex-Ali
pmpm-a-
attAlay--r- and :viewd education (idexert?-ate with functions tik
__0-;-sdna university, college,
G -_-vtuateeerneate -a* the
of a4, = 6111P. je-Trit by actual t
officer training
45
14
f it:-_ fria_31!.--batifttrio
e
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.
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80
State)'.
academic and graduate in
breadthadministration public and the financft r&ing .heraoof office.
a or
tftich-the hoursattendance or
Hempshko:experience inneed not be si
Shallpublic-school ales.
a
Tualiflia---i -teach
administmtois'dwz--=
a
-as school
Equilalent graduation from a standardless than public-
of State grade certificate. .p.
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t
THE CHIEF STATE OOL OETICER
Act tzliA0 ...-AJ'hough fewer than one-thfrd of The Stzchief etars school oricere gr}zuatci..-: ofor university, there ,are ye:7 few if any
bents who college graduates. many O then havecompleted iu-f2te :44 for the and doctor's
k.e 19. 0 Office of it was found at in1,4) the Sate 'school officers
held honor degrees, ustut.ly that of LL.D. It was no! thattuiy- atat I th hid State school officers nly 13.8 Re
cent held cgnomf dmitre compared with 62.5of those who were tppoin:_e by the State 71's: and 87.5
[lant of Clan by the Governor.
L. W. Board. of Chief SW=Legal Powets, Washington, U. S. Printing Once,U. 8. Oere Education, tiiip MO. No. Go Monograph
."11.1
by law require astandard college
degrees.
addition'in
degrms, aspercent
appointed
and Keescvker, and: Their Statue and
of
I 1,
ar
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riffér
iii
of E of
ctIciFl:
degreE-
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scoe
amOTc
the
F-es-
riuigh
from
d
metionaL
avisc-iy.
or
nominal
su;ivtsicn
of the
typesr
Luirc
Connecticut,
Ft-U
W cL
ULIL.&
New
York,
North
,fiL ,
w-
the
State
officer
mem
ber
-'i=
school
C the
-"tate
flt
, '-
I was'
E 24 the
decade
r=1-rn
(T r
=-r'-ii
in During
four
'- --- -& -
-'----
-
-,
States
removu
tte
chief
schco-}-
cficer
at ex
officio
rcipr
vas
alsc'
EflfjVEQ
as ex
officio
chairman
r;f
tP Qj flj'
Thei
'has
een
a constant
tendency
over
manj'
ars
to-
clarify
the
legal
and
administrative
relationship
of
the
ehie=
State
schoolofficer
with
that
of te
Ste
board
Therc
are
ina
W!lich
ftctorsaff:t
the
legal
aspects
of
this
relationship.
States
vIdch
irovide
constitutional
status
for
tie
chief
StateBelli,:
;flicer
and
alsc
Drovide
for
his
election
by
popular
vote
tendto
a-dvanct
te
ideperidence
of that
offieei
froth
the
StMe
boardeven
ftllCI:
in some
in:tant:e
a cuaIIt:
01
OfltO
OT
th
exer:1-s-e
of botFi
ioI1eymakiiw
azd
executive
functions.
in moi4as
E=hcwn
1:r
i1e
1:
cIai
tate
oflicrt
}uwe
con
i:fl
are
IT$
fl=-__i
TT'
TerSe
Inj
=-
status J I,
wvthe
school
__±=
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.
CflItI
tw:z
-flCPT
1; I
Jt±OIIRJt1
Lie:v1iere
tie.
i. n
mck::
plum'
the
executive
officer
of
1ie
boardL
theb3-ard
iFL11iiav
retains
LLIIcI
e-rCe-:
Lfl11flEUV
t
.ni
school
officer
t1(=iIIE;
? c-':ie-x
rtate
was
2XFCflhit
OCZrof }=y '::
I(4CUUOfl
In 2E3
Ftatea.
A he
ii
e,ec!JfthTE
cei-
of f
ilE:
tEi
Loard
In 87
Statee-4il
tMIt
)1 LileStates
!-1r!4
boards.
-
):-
.
-
e
7L.
-
r
Loga
z-=
r==
---
G V
0
e
_az
mat
g
-
g.b
e'.-
-HE
ta found
,trit,
5,
-kg. , =
i 11 Michit: , , Indiana,
4 the
strong
,.. :Ilicr-
-- - J 1,-
and
centralized
associated
-i-
the
Statea 2
11;1
.
Carol-in&
-!.,ILA
StateE:
*
y
him,
Sta school
Ma
State
1-94
LAt
.4
and
Functions
.inStates.
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ZEE .2---aafiaa.-
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AND Or 8 41
Varyi degrees of control with respect tication
,t)
vested a chief State school officer of It Ls cus.to -b.d ore to the
-State school oikeer in those St", board ,;.;control commasuck boards. Forty States now hive State boards ofand ee-oz in of these _ta chief school *Met
mower, 5L,--,1_-, writrni b t otters, especially pt Lr,.v_,:4 in which th
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9
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LEGAL REATIONSHIPS
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State Imrda ofperf----.1 by,
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boards or commissions whose fimcc
thas to wisaramane tis1 of ,the v 73. and funezo of iitPzto: eurAtio and chief State 4Tiicera. Fund
di in-)0t* general State of
!Ards 0 ett r .11
swy only indirectly oroz. educational fu
withschool raers,
MiceI
I.
Jo ger.Ji
.sfs_A!:C titj_
1. provision for AsopmMi C' Governor,_
intmadent, and nine !e' niertLImrs appoin
of State, Encino- -"um Step, T&kW!: -74 "
& P-_--qvio: _42 State agency or:Z--w--,lernifitAtott (1 State educational !iftt1-1. .7: ,Organization *I --Z,:,,te Department
_
Administration o andeleatew--.---- a.- ndftTy ' M.0 State tX and ----1=itig,V school
.
4T-_:---i,
Determination ef minimum *f study in elementary andi-.--._:,--tni _. -7 schools.
Su+1;rifni Iwo a -;,:.hool buildings and
Tra.:n ,ne and c* 'Imtiere I teachers.,_,_.__,..-_,.- ,,..,,,,,i,..,--. _,.
,_ of that %on-oimeit of_ .
. z.-Attis, school library e-s,t1i,00.Administration of sta----, teachers Ot-z-,--i-:--i-.
kitsil iztration of vtg-,-;'a °nal --&-ocatlion.Supervision of ak:u110;1410*P-Z' -34---LI: in eivaTitc_-_::_i: insti-tutions.Administration of four fa- btik-ilk,.AITAnistzet ion --Qt St-Lt 6. -_--? for N:-.:y r1=-:---=-
of and
Aorelt ,:iles alma Federal funds for
fti--0Varlitor.
schools
1. for Stabsvote ovary
2. .t,; officio Noe-a- kw- and ,ftivuttviv *Seer of State ; t= officioEntiliffInn- of timi-ells ci State University, Stet; Po1y. atic Institute,nd AlabamaPrincipal tta feat:
4 atueattseribg nags
CB'
amid stattia, ith: a patentsubject t® s_ tate
I.
4
4
BOARDS OF thUCATION
incidentally affect education. A considerationassigned
isto aboards
schoolsepatlite or spetial boards often limitationsrespect bo-ards and chief State
A
Sato Board cii
Legislative board State Super-by the
2. Exercises "zeneral the publicthe Co Ilnw,"
of
Managenientof
.
Mechanical College for
education.Stat Supomint.adart
a
also
College.agent
and gradingand secondary schools, approvalBoard.
- ---- = = - POWERS
, :=akn annual'z_=i
__t::bicJ:
1cv1ew-1r1T ffCti-cris j()JJCT
i4Jpruvut uA cntw:i
1n 14tfli other aut}ioriwd agencies, trcr1b1rc forapproval =-
forJA A-)L =_ &-x q&i=; fr!L 4J
reLtar vI &Cflx;1 mLLu!SIL
_=;= -: I- =
1 4t board r melL Lat higher ethicthmn -t: httact=er8 cOI1ee aI;Ø- U tWC INeTO cc41eg.
n of . A t :__ F==)UUY F7 ç
r=piirted 53 :}3 E:;t_=t Board cfState J g=
JE Textbook flh[PJiZJ5-' bY
tatc I{ll7T1 or iCtio On IOflhIfl!gtm jf
terticrit : r1cGmmenis Urw inct fl1CTtA)F1LJU8 t?Xk2 fl Ttffl
a Textbook c-- f 4rc:rof _
k T
Sfe I**rdn_
aThe if -*;=%
5 -= a - - - = a = a _ie
f £ ===;u; - - - a E -- _ a == Ift:
c:vx:; Syste!ii(= ;;it
e :: a 1i)aIi ;1 tc-::, a-- '- .ILLj- f
School:UA Public : # ' County *
!.;-L==if- , .' .--ULffi-
boards IUX the &aL institution 5 iTfi% be irovided by law."1# The rj!pq foy a a± c: : h
:taie zr4aert CII ,LaM Ur11v-ers1L=, afl ritvsuperintendent, 4i rr-r& A ojtv !:crfljTI;a EgTr:cj wenea1
j +t y-ih+ thep-c Sfflf: . e;yw3Idry chcK)
01 1 w- ---- for:Itt: n
Atlnitrut::nn Qf enpyt Wfl4j7 c}j$ &flt- junior:
Increase : -'- State;
;_ --J_IJ=ina;:cJ1: O course c! stv 1i the schools."
b=
, '
rf Fr!1 Inw=peryisjon c'i &:flcx
-- !Fi I ri LTT1 f-T JWj =- - - --- =
f
V
haoki.!lonniant of schoolEitforeing law and ruin of State Board.
kcal bwith
I
institution e 't4 te
Course of frogs iipEducation twi recommendation of
4A4ent.7
7AILEa5ttm : ew' of %areal z-vi.. berg*
State Su [j] zrin.subject to
-re-vaaing Boarii : State Su 0-41--,n.Directo,: of
1,- Retirement --,41: '0Zr.I.PC1-67 of seven mown e-cleteRupv.r' Arcitant., Treasurer, Dimisr elf Finance, the Executive'reirTy of St41 -_r` Education Association, all ez otntus, and three meztt-Flan ahm.444 from tao members oi Li,e Retirement Syst4r
gdm.tio
o,_
shall vested State ita, Super-rn!rEig
.! .
Constitutionersiv;r1;rriortSuperinten nt,
aby the Governor.
=
supervision over tik% ofs1t4 f the S4a, tau nd
if
educational policy._
,..4-
*tam=for schools."
._1-1 "common atiliKalsAOk kaaherr---,
45
schoN ofticiala.
health
members
Or
Textbook Purchasing Board.
tendent, and Department
Ser-
Arizafiao
aa
(principally
State
college&
funds.
free textbooks "commontextbooks incif
Enformmentsbuilding&
Mt
IIE
:111
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A-4 aa- are a
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ii
tf=LLegislative provision for a USecTetary* ',z_': reieei to s &ate
Commissioner of }thwno) by the C=ba: LiO?G4 oft1i
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2. Is chief executive officer of the tate Board of Education.3. P"ealorms sgeh Atlas
s._. Beards1. Board of imtee c-f University: ,mpod of the Governor.
Secretary of State cs:rd CT 1iJCathn),io-ner OZ Agriculture (e c=ftici:),
'. c;ovtrnor, and twomnbr aoiitd
aiiohte1 by tJo hiy,in4 f Hby the
S
2. Teacher Retirement Eoard: Composed cf three z c=c-including Education and t-o cit1ir membersappointed b=y the meinber the Retiret Jaotj,
3. B-card of 4m+ of the E!1i1uI C=n!x?d the Governor,of chiefJUBtice of th I-FIflc Gourt (bb: e offlcfls, and three other
-i;ioirited IWT Governor.4.
FhiiIiHi1hv&,j the U;rnnw nr5rt +i =__ g
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children.
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7n:,2g f Federal granted._coA law.
composed nine members ap.
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EP s
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2. Exercises general control and supervision overState.The
AB -=-71.Z
public 0AU1%1 of
-0L-mte, Superintendent Instructionof ht.%
e theofaws
r: of State educational policy....mizuva,i+Lun of elementaryA _
G-Yoling and standaramDistribution of State schc41 fund&
-a ft_eV00%
e i.I1 Dubito
= =-2 aa.-S prflT of
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a. W.a 2 erio-n- L a a, L
Prescribes the ,Afitl
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2.
State Board of a-L4
--a t 1=0 V mg
2.
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..ers and duties as
governinga a a
22=2- institution.
2
EakAra,KAaa 611 Composed
Constitutional rC'ViE1Ofl for a hoard
E;Lperintend.nt_"Vr 1th =
O 2 a a g- eTh
rney Gene:''c Instruction.
the
of the
institution&
State
prescribed 0.. AOs_a A-
a-a_4a a a,
g _
,Yet
as
Beard
Stateeach
born=mem t-i -3 oyof nine
gneraI contror oz 1I public
age, ef =7:A-A a & lie V AUX
sehooi and educational
Determination of State LEVII-7tal policy.
A2- L=J4
= of elemen-Wry."d
Manageiin u-Z
-n 2and a a r y
schwl laws.
'&2=-= - 2 A -.A= = d a high Eite arAzoi over elmentary.=._
aille--7:71:1------Ak=n of the m-vam
Imlaware and the State CeiL.- for Colored Strata areg a
ex in a -tZ and dvory capacity ; thw Wive no /riv.
4.
Dirt4_
,
the
Appoints asecretary
Public
Principal Stets agency
Determination &flit'
ofof
i --=:---ara State
14
rtt
Sepwaft
fau_rd
1-4;iumties.
Exercises sucko
. A mam_
Statetk (imams%
===,"2. 2=7.2
0_1 _
i re' I
of
Beard
appointed Governor
cka
t;t1,.. of the Governor,State, State Treasurer, and State
et the State.
1
aNaa $ 1 1 k 1 t investment @ State it IF-
State
&ate em-Akag 0mrsa ridary a)awgit Et4w, Sta, ag
et' UsgviV
51
8. servesboard.
5.
8.
Boards
board
2.
of1.
Sftretary ofof
3. Principal
scheols.
all
e.=-.-A-mpU a degreethe
Tia Preskients tbe ofcakio only
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State
Prescribing
RATE BOARDS
DeterminationA #dean,ainin
Determinaut_..
throughAdministration
_
.=.=3 a-=
"=L *
aucation of TP-0-et
standards school building
State _4
--(1 'PriAL %AO
of vocational edu
a
1. Constitutional provisi
-
purposes.laws.
9 Exercises general supervision over
4.
M=.
cat- -
LE r TI ga 6
===
all
econstruction.
*T.
=aia
perintendent elected by popular
A
LLA.
system of p.6 a 6
=
Denart-m--at of;
the
v
State Board of Education.
Determination
No-M-the State
and administration
Superintendent
State school funds.instructional,
==ILI70, powers
those nelas inA
L I /Mak State
A al-mrvi&,.....
minimum
=A re g Iaa
V
.r
State Departnient of
and functiere-0
cificaUy wignedare r===: omit end-Lions character
_ _
e- Education. a0 Tr- -1, ewhich
execuLaVe officer
=-60aa 6==P
the
nein are
-@ of-6 et-ELA Coning: mposea
the Governor; exercises mistralsubject to approvai of e4A
Textbook Rating Committee:pinta uvSto.
3. Textbook Pr-missioners
A
5.
= -A A E. t Vaa.6
aaa_-
= =a a
=
over
n
Superintendent
five
_a annroveui nanuvr and
MOMM-n-higher. elu-f Education.
State Education.0 L,----oara of
a - E
State
6g V
a
A
=
Board
Council
Board:
A
PP3in9.,==_A_ A_a-
1 V V"6a6,-
of seven memberson recommendation of
Composition same as Ward*6 a 4 ff
L.1
upon
a a
the Governor
E ly
reCOMTne
-eon°
a= --- L-- g _
-_ -a
=N_*
CitiWn="to M
4 St
41a,
MATION
minimum standards for sand&of course of stu
of torAffi',-;
andof I 4.2
Administration of all public Metthe oard of
Acceptance and of Federalfor
Enforcement school
forvote.
cation.
State
to tit State
8. offici secretary and officer of th State Board ofand head of Statecation) 180 executive of StateEducation.
Principal State for: .
Execution of policies pill Flaky appror.nRecommendation of educational measures
Organization
Apportionment ofof transportationunits fo administration of foundation
t$ izand subject to the approval State Board
required 14Board a slat*
of board.
III 7-E the Statefor pproval of
10 of ky
the
of ContLState
tud Committee: Ow.:
a
State
2,
O12L= seven Raby 64temisir akD4
I ' -
52
of
a
edu-
thesecretary
Board.the
of the-
and
lawby
swan.* loads
Board2. Composed ap-
of
by the
on ofstand-
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education,
AND PO
va a and Assuring satisfactoky
0=
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A
thepose,-.-
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as a raf.# e
m.== a a a
01 0-M1 A- units into
a"-
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ff-avtan' n n_ .
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a
ucation.
onDepartment
oz es,
Administration
ra a
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. -0 06
secondary
- -DLLLL ,
five
f,vple_74
_
a V4.
te a.r/ ma-
"10n8tructiP.-JLA
Library A
-
Education.
g
grantg"
a
illiteracy.
1 cOItiL
2Imp"
.(1M.Un' a 1 ^-."ti 0
=
4E2 vote Aaoro g a 4o
fr_.
Ca.A ,f
.-- .
E the
Z
_&-L.,2!ffs_ school
CommissionerNA
for
decisions
f M.0-er =
State = = g g. of Education.
and pol c4 the gtate
A
Aeme
r -FAOA 54
'eZ4
h. -.=,es of education. .
0
relation-
._,=-4a
pre-1-!sfon for a compos-:,= ortio fromtki 10 congressional y the Governor,for 7- ea, overlapping terns.
with tory theschools (principally applicable elementaryschools) the of schools, i.
of the. comJinon-eckeoll -fund, ,d general theState Department of Education.3. Principal State
Determination educationalequalisation of and, for this pxr-division groups accordingpopulation.
Adlopti of rules for the of _11 public::ion of Imentary &Ands.
Distribution of Stat.* school of"-4.4=1:024u.11.*seksoi fund."
Determination tf study.purchase, and administration of
ni mita tion of te,ache-:of vocational
General su-rvision of State *1Fulerzl
Supervision ofof State
of colleges and .41-41-retL-conferring-lagt-Nithswe.Determination of minimum salary e teachers.Elimination of adult
.inistrttisa of pupil transportation.DotArmiastd. ittpf pActo_
finaL
Nt**year term.
CI -;i7 e the school tall(11 ism business relating tt 111Gthe State.
provision); Ss also
4. Principal agent for:
theadministrative
ItcAr- f
officersew]
of
the rules Boardand enforcement *If sat
53
of member
Vested of ail
of
policy.The
and socondiry
the
school
boards--Ita
Sig* Suporiateniont
a
laws, and thecommon schwis of
Berm as the executive secretary ofthe
StateCarrying out.
cation, laws.
I*
Otte (under
a
711
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rom
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54 fj BOARDS MUCATION
I. : to Board &ictingiZC:E=iiy
?' tJ!- noel&A r! tE 1w iI
theI- --
Prescribingcommon C
v and
supervisfi of ti'e
sD-itate for LL reports required cf ub'dinaocera-
1, -- -D-;Jiu LLL LWiLr e;=LiIvuiz System:U:=,Jj-u L1L! WJV : 10 i L L
=_ =A_i k=
i , institutions LP jr pit,, i-!A V Ca athnbiMi 1ieaI-
:) Teacher t;- Board=±AA * A! ! L I L L L seven gv!
!& ! :==;- = --- , I !- !=--- Y Commissioner, 4Juuc8T)Ofl OIIU Cfl(JU Uifliirr-r. jrtf-f thn of i'?t ofk# J Board =- i -- i w =iiii qj I
CjLW fW neIflui- Lcv 1L1 uijii
p Sbe D.,i .1 Education°Constitutional tcrdtovi for a wffl mbr1= poi anti
dut1e to he ieribi by 1aw. with thoex cie= rnenthr : provision ::i ix !j=yr LflC0 . -=_ i . andu F-L :Au- five other 4__=_L- L-iLM tho I : =
2. -Vested with%J iJ
5_ -
J= L &
' ,=--
w
8.-- --
£=Determination: UA L iii
cf eent*ry &fld thc4iJ:- i;= lrHC
their
CU;ii;nj L1u_t1 : ;. -q
! I Li L
-u ici
IJj library V
____
-k--- !!-L Lw-::- :
-11 higher educational I1Ljj4M L4 2--_ LM
£-!1!!uL v. ________
b a !t: I- j gT __u:-=- Eii.
a
- , . = - .-,.v '---
-- I
Flonviation Stateubli
c general,lo, iseas eti"-lav
fo
the
ni five
the wristia:7 one of
additional As
_ veeducation;
_
1=_r
ets
State fState ocLtj. m-t__*Jlieiro esti
-41
_ six
1.. said r ---,xi- 4-1' it
Site"a° -
.1 and:-i I i I -IN 4111
State nid with "the. general azIv ''7]IfTtw -tle-S the gut&control 1_
aoverwei,a_,PH/1.f)
MiVttState school funds.
tx-F143,-n. minimumDetermination sourne eg eft
and Htu-_
emu*.. .
,ftustrwthe.1__
Aast:-T-11:1
1
A g -
M-=.4
OF1
.
school
1cm4s
Aeach the
Governor; governs
:
Georgia,members.
Statelegislative
by
of
and ofState igency
policy.stvondary and
standardi7stion.
of education program.of
Adoption of textbooks.CArtilication of _.ohers.
of schoolthe work of county and city supercifulta.
StateAthainistration of Stott* ErAen Camps.
ox MIZ
of State au-trAtiW
E
=
AthidflidTLl. ,=-15 vms tonal eduestlon.A foratkim .es
.7= = U.K
ail ezuesorlmi ta dodgier_a "-nal,
94sho an exaWe /0 116-1 tk4 _ g--at, sadllehdet'ttIvi oftr the -9Uat
arasu.W&F re Ew
Min
MO
WN
L r;i=:iü-:t =)r a State ;tiperinte-i-::t of Pi In3fltt-Jurtin- = P!Pr!1 ! t!w !W=! W= member t tP1
department the + ,' t- -= =t_ 3 L L Jt :
2 ome1c nber and executive ccer of the ;tate oard ofI: : officio u'A-=-e:;-A T
0 -L!- M; ---- & i 1
.
i 4== Land Commissioners:1. State Composeda _-
intendant State Ljftij ex a !ember of theA _F ,: and t , i£ L -. ; elected thefrom j
y -=_
IUhKiI z*, -ta1M Board of Education.
1. provision for a State Surfrtendeni. e1ectei for-- -- to p- iI ?
w=J ' .-4-. ;-j y_ ! -- '-if
=i= ?= ' I_ IL:_:
# J:vL Y4 5cULJW= In LILO iitt8. iiji rules iwesry1J-
:;::: y i:j a:: uxiüc:i e::ect iaw fOr ris1
maintaining iand# PTi1ic;a1 EL Iutbi; of Etate educational oIkv,
OX sta!;dards for reorganisation of elementary
Administration o= elenientary dAiIrãku::o-!1 01 tate 1-oI
r of-
UertifleaJon of acIiers, with i4 c4 a board of ezin!ners.ii ¶:iuoi building pLar ana &termination of ade
a coordination ox Fedra1 funds fc1iJ i t
r:i;;ts------- =
ii::-i=-
Board for .- -LJUTh! -- - - -- ---
rwi!E-!fflI fl15 fly iIV. fla ti II
the _ -= - __ - - - - -
-- - - w = w -_ officer.0
.i4I -
mv the -
f-
& T!!i W= :irn ? ( I H
-a4W4 the State ' - members), andim I- - - a a
iiii ui:iim appointed hv 11W tina a
lL :i=_: - : : - _i
;
: , : .
Stak qate-w4api
Separate
rap )_a
ER,
of the StateState Commission.
auvons-
hers, including S. tr-=
2. State Library Commission: CegiC ef ex onew inerz incluthe State Superintendent as member twt sezreta7.
1. State irkz=4 Retirement System: theand filc-is, tea
r7vo
BoardBriNQ,
t,t4,4
WNW
st-
Illinois
Rio
Constitutional
ofpublic t.;4
efficient all
Tra1uSeatr 4a.
a
secondaryfunds.
71-at study.
Vapervialesa:Xs
A_I---.Jzesinstitutions State, public or peeWhe information.
=:1-
= a weivle
E . ; 7-14
FEATURES AND POWM8 55
ative
ex Com-
1 Boards.---. of ex:,
. the State
.33-2
;2
d
-4
--4
3ff
Composed of State. Suezmr-
State Mufti td Edw....410n
Uporisawdent
a of
all
freeagency
schools.
course
auateHeAring and determining controveralm
education.Requesting
vate, to for legislative
1.ex officio, including and
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3 o t)A qt&2e Ur4tRTfty t_ t-wThrand SL_to nr1iitr1t ftrr citfit inembepa),members Ciocted 1 the Deo&s.
ai ritiie othr
A PT i Examining IU£ i- , tile --_;
--i
;__-==frr -b7 t11 Stat. With: term
: i_ Teat&L-_;-JL
('L:Li c& ULUC1j
ii jjjji Lijj. W{j-
by ti Govertr wo cteii va
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I_= 2
I. IIv tv1s-1c!: fe wnr4 thof :tt-and iE:- nemr. atitmiiu:Ed- by tht ':kweroy for 4jearIiS :o :e eq:ai;y divided i!:
th. Commission ciii General t1 cinnjs±ci m Textbooka- n- oir=s:cn cr I ea:rer ai1 :ceisrc;IiL IfltM th&n four a:pointive nicr c:=z aiv- coInmiAS1Y1 to b of
the !!= po:tcai aiy c- ewer thni :o o he acii,evI'3yed the schools c4 LIIFi the 3uyis-i .
/ chairman JA ;LkAL-I! L- J ti I and t -- theL 41L1be final their re±1pyo Jurisdkthc:nL
2. I In flJP (1T tIi tlitP jTti2inflt l'i*!cdesignated
of htruitIon, ikhL=- one of tke A 4 =Z 1'1L! v iiLmen (trio
Tn.
uL=tae I;oam anc ox saiu 1L4H11=L
jij::L-:! State _I-wiA j ;--! -! i-_
IJLL, elementary and secondary =_L y
:'
ci course of stucy.
£ 1I-kk
A5ratpr-A
01 sc1i::
-W 1-VA
iarv 3trvca.A : ;:WE! 1!4 -; .
JL-WL4 - ,; !V education.(_=
1. prov1Ion for a State$-= 9=TJnF -J
eI&tI popular
,'
F and k&__t _aT=
-r -_.i D
-.-= Education.--- theL administrativeJ V U
iLtL -Lj
Sa
! # 4
public4 1 dflrti _tn T11 UI UE- Eyz;,=:i orLIOZI JjFJ- nri supervision JI tJ IIj TD Ue
a& L = -=
1;L L1 4U UfrA-t;yA for bw,U.
e=1 -----L_nwu jyA tuiic er rn i n- u;:
I. PrInca1 &ate aiint :r:
Governing f
.S-and Ise *titer wax
overtapp:mg;AGM tireinent
State Sw..;zririten mitenu4.er
tke
=40,1
AvintW and
,_.
la= --.:.:::* rim-ten- 4ntlappin and
r_24:. 'commissions:Education, onAdoftlion Tratn ng
and
MOM-
iw State; State --z4 !oeeach
as ol_f the State;, Superintendent elle aintiacr,N=7 , of
EUte Asv-wt_; f*ref
-f-.74.=-71Tiliklatitnt
AdoptionYi s&=_Iata
Constitutional Superintendent
chieft
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I
i
Ntaft, Bwriet.
and the ackaiithe,
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_OAILIVVIIGo 0
rotft8
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#_
coin.
board ComposA
persons engaged inSuperintendent
5.of
Retirement
aft-MMggU 5
Stec Ber&-d al Educzaan
a
over-
ern-
to -within
is
the
of textbooks.
Sapeeinter.by
termIs
oetc- of De-of
instruc-a
mon , set
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- _77_ 7 -. "L-=" 64
1.
- 9g At 2-2rS-4 t V- At ra_. A
A 7XYA_IT
tTIT
=-
and
7.9__-2=EIE_AAAE ata-sa=__A._. a .
4.7_f-j State!, Board.
ft
Dv the Governor.
1-7=2=(.22A a as s a 2=
-_
- - ee- aV; 29- 9 99 ii
°4ofBoardand
- -
the
separate -_1 Ai
members rv 7 1 1 9-Li V.
t 1 on exercising k=erte
=
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coursehealth.
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tE. A 9L2s c_ V
r-
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f, v-7 -=-- -# E the4 4 Z7.9 Vl
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U
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in American hi
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t}ieStateColleges, y
2
ntendent,appointed
-State Board 29 I EA= 9
9 9 gr- r UM I ----_uumtion: Composed of three ex officio
DTAT ,i124 AND16,
57
. _lie school mien;Administration of the IyArtat of Public Instruction.
I4 State
e_-_,LmA2ea
'lard C411 Board: -:_ae State Supeirintemieiand other appointed t;ontrolatwit)
tirrits fniveMty and till State University). A WEWboard for each State institution.
Teacherate for 4-ymr
W- Education
I no Statethe elementary
that State Lasecondary schools. State
gedad j control f higher educational
St SM'74Criatee4GVt'Sr
1. , -'41stive. for a 8i Superintendent electedvery four
9 Has general supervision and control over rural, graded, and kielschools of the State, and oer public schools not un the L;ontrolof or Board f Control
Institutions.
of &ateelementary and secondary sch
Classifying .d
school
aGe
of s4L: and
Certification of aid examiningspecifications
State Board.determining am*. to
Nerd P Tfueatio (for : Com ofmembers by Gro==arao for
e *antra of all higher .-.guezillinazi institutions,g Slat( to .14.6
the and the Dail, andState Towel of XiinceMievik-t1 ..1.1h1en: o t Wats
and executive officer, and four otherlry tito Governor.
S.
POWEI2
the
1. Composed of
ing additional8.
I LDo0waState Board
has
in a board in-
by poplar
dap
S.
Preparing
and
or Special
hasUniversity,
Compftedprestdent
members
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-
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y
funder
=._
all
State
OF
=C
AT
ION
mem
bers,
including
the
State
Superintendent,
the
President
of thestate
Board
of (Higher)
and
Labor
Com
missioner.4. Surplus
nine
ex
Akio
minbarsrepresenting
various
State
eNnm
issions
and
sireackm.& O
ld
Survivors
Insurance
Com
mis_sfon:
Adm
inisters
State
n-
tirement
teachers..
State
&d
al Edixatigm
1. Lerialadve
provision
for a bipartisan
bo rd of wv-an
lay
imrsons,
appointed
by the
Governor
for
threz
year
txrms,
notthan
four
W be of the
political
party.
E.I.cts
its own
chairman
and
its
Principal
agency
and
of course
of study,
curriculum,m
ended.
Certification
of ieachers.
ttitf-xfraks
rtvomm
entlai.of vocational
on
matters
u-1--er
1. provision
for mpularvote.,
who
shall
be mem
ixr
executive
of the
State
2. Vested
by constitutional
provision
with
utbe
moral
mm
mon
--school
funds
and
the
educational
interests
the
State
higher
educational
institutiom
stipulated
that
the
e4lucational
interests
be the
supervision
and
of the
State
5urinticT.4W
.IL Principal
State
agent
for:
of school
State
selection
of school
library
bcp-aks.
State
school
laws
regulations.
effixonmending
study
in all
public
schools
and
Defining
standards
excellence
in all
public
schools.for
by the
State
Board;
alsoof
Giving
on
law.
Formulating
rului
governing
certification
of toof.
Board.
Sopiwee
Boaz-4
1. State
Board
of of nine
men**-rs
aprgaint----
by
4-year
overlapping
terms;
in-of higher
learning.
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AND
a of Education6---lx-Hntident and seyen mm.1--s spwrinttx1 by the
2. wi "the manageneeit and control of the c=1.1=public higher nublic v-Aticv-I-L4 education
mhabtlitatice, and the Kaitue4.- School for theBlind."
S. *---Emmy /or:eriucsire A f
of andApproval of localCertificatichn of tescherg.Higher of
cif coursw stvdy inAdministration of vocational ft:hi ation.
for a State ehocted byvete f-
2. Ex (Ado mmber, cam an, and executive csker of Stat. Board ofEducation.
1. ET (AdoTeachersUnivers/
Ji
V
of board of mch Statemember of Berd of Trust-- of the Statt
-man of on Public Highft. Edumtion.as are or awiRmtd by the
of State of EAucation.Enforeenent of laws and rules of the State Bo&rd.
funds.Governing purchan ofPreparing and for adoption by State
(a) Rules for grftding,mom mh-cais and scope ofin ofquirementa for from courses cfferal.
(6) Minimum cours e! study for andkinds ft-hay31.s.
(e) RaW for and protective iøs so of schoolhnt tiltt6F eta.
go-FErning medical insition, eAucation,
tordgcla and salary &chedules the school
Brd of a State Univenity: ci the
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STATE &A4t Or. UCATION
ACIft
1/
(ck) State Suriptemillent the Commissioner of r4cjre, Labor, and Statistics, and IS ocher ziwnthars p ./4i.ntua ythe Governor.Separate govenlisng or eas,I 8tte Co nevi*: caustx of fourmember eppoint4 -.41. ifigtt the Governor the State Superintencrentaz &Airmail.StAte Council on Higher Education: "_,e0M itt4r-Al F T1r: TWA tatfri ofhigher institutions, two lay members of the -4.k. -4(ar-e, andthe State Strnzintendclit "as chairman; txxordinat th work o thedin7 teachers 'colleges.Textbook Com ission: Cir xteori of ice
12 ;_;---,-:rsons appointed by the Ste Boaschool boards shall
5. Teacher Rettmatent Board: 7.01r-
sofa. Constitutional prwri ion for board v>--1 of 11 8 (1
District) LO be eLle,-*wei by populara-year tztrrita e ---t<W from district to the2'lottie 8=i districts for 41-year- terms.Was 'Surnai and control of free public se.N.Ao " and al public
_1r uratiorml institutions except d eAgricultural arid MI.: sznical Co k-was which it -== Pvitsitorialpowers only.. agency for:., ,*Pe[-orsaination aseatiponal plalk-
'Administration of e:,,.1.,-..ntar7 and secondaryDistributionn of :A oc funds.
terliination of course of study.Adoption, control .and supervision of ie-7,___htbet*Ax
of te
S ntandent, dadopi,s_ a Enultip lis
tlt tenciew,-. ofPublic Instruction, the Attorney General, the State Auditor, andtow members elee.st under the supervision of the S Super-inte.Ntitat.
tv
4
ision of school building essatrudmin!_:tration f library yj
AL4 istration of State teachersAdministration of all higher catk inztitsAl
State nivuraiLin! 41- tf vocatistdal
Censiiictietr!.%-v=4*.
provision f11- 1Stgito superintendent L.-wit by popular
neretu-ry priu2htãye iwA 'Lilo State
t th leard nd-At_rateilt Education.
8. Er officio neivekrar of State _1u4 0,-*2iriV)--,-----
tha!riij of8t for each inatatet !o., of h 1±b in .
b
-4
=
60
bo-ard-NI
and
State
4. Stste
from which local select.of
Louisi,inaDoard of tjvcotivtn
a members,fromesch (-_A)ngres.sionaland 3 ttp.he
2.
theover
of
Cerification
'school
col
extvpt
educaaan.
0611-
2. Ex (Ado executive AM* ofof of
theEt officio member and executive committee appointed
Board
I min
at, c
n-nu
tiudi
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ttit
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A
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Department
=7* be7-3 --=f
sA?" 4= AA# .a_al A -V s
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Y EX-4-= TYLT s==s_f
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-y
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3 E. EMT_=- = '3
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of
members, r s s _Lie
71: 1. 3 3 =:A
and A _ a-=-
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4=====
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at. 1 rair_
ofrespective
of ya a a laa rs
=4-
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_ 7.-a__== 3 a .=-=ta s
= =2 4 kt:-
.a
-s.=-Y4 ...a.3- V V is" _ 3 4A- 4 44
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7-1 3 4- ga- a 4 4 =4/, a__3
and vocational bchaohi
intonerEducation A
IT
a
Ion ar--t
_15
=_W
6
FEATtrv3
SW44 4613 for:p the divisions Dd StA.
Education, subject to Board.emtrying loxt. rates and applying standards adopted
the State
21 t of State.Vverstty and Al:TioalturaiCitnn IA-re--Ache Ijovsywor 4 members hp.
7
o Scatsover the
-
Louisiana Ccantrtisakm: Cottmid of fire mernivm appointedbr and Achoo
of, St
M
B board 10 ttrankArs1 the presidents beral
1 the .,ksbori Ulan; 1 bythe Association; 1 by the Maine Congressck ax.. 1 isine Teachers
91 consent ofCouncil (upper
first hce
Gwr=-7Mtiaaeta The declares the IF4);_14----tment,
shall a State Education, a Cownisaionerchosen the S nal officials
staff asPrincipal
State Commissioner of Education.t* the Legislature such legislation
&mood c-.40.-6% aAritoLottutart., recommendation a State "if
Education, of tber & the StateOrgaz-odr.cor upon recommendation of 6 Commissioner
t-R ___e--,,tw--4e;ttAcimiriziratio Federal funds for
iitr f technical
1.
institutes.
t4pc=a-r-'.aiam for 40LE
b of tnuri the:_tv, the A-
A
61
w by
Semis
of
parish sc_. i
S.
other
Board:
sof tisticietiem
1.
EVCS of the
the
Legislatureof
3. State agency
as is
uponstaff
Stateof
and
Ix-gialative apointed the State
a
MII
IVE
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2. Exerciqr=q
STATE
a a AL
charm= 4.a um=3. Prineital Stat.-
Se t
A _I EDUCATION
I
rt=-r-Islon of_ -1'a a _a
duties.
Determ lutatlan C
Freirri ek "
- a ,.- _
A S
AAA
9 " 9
q" 1aza.R6E4
Lel -=
ate eduve_-=y aa a- ar.
_A_
tt _in -rt AT
private schmliqCertification of
pervisionOrghnization
Ui ne uovernor
elementaryresearch
the public schwls and advisesA _
s A A & s= 7- a-a al a I a2a ri t
Et
%-,9 a A%
ariu secondary aa a_a4
via A
1 4State r4 m.lrt,__,
s a-a, eaa =s a .-___" ,...,-.
Er%
_E gent.
for attendance
vU40-
ridings.r
=="' purposes.
-
ai Edtcation with the approval31.1-Hcau.
Supervision of State Normal Sthools and Teachers CoilSpiai apoaras
1 Board""A T
Trustees çfA.
Z . -a. a-... s
pa= Es ....A=df,A %,"Arte A 4._A_
3.
II
6.
rmal Schools: Composfour otherion rnmtrsa
.oinrnissiOithe Governor.
crier Retirementt-vt_ w-ss a E. of ra
Commissioner_ .a_aA E o ET.
of
the
4E
Ea A ---- a a,.
cArt rtei
.A
a 4-I V E
and nLIie ()mei
9P-IrE As-t
the
A the_nv
A .a A So a ft
Commissioner=a_a Governor.Df the State
appointed by
seven members:
State reasurer, a memtvatate employee
t -a. sakr 1 sa i t 4:441vas
7 ,mariq.lortvia primcaLa.aaa fc" A
al VI 7_
E2 E__N-=--__a_r#1.
La a
%
wfor aiaes-74
_
bofor
A-4,4 --...a=a=a s-atzle-r,47. A ar.pei pmraN 'rya t II I...a-yrs , the
ult.1SS *E.
I
y-
g EA
r ,n176L-Lor%J IaLya
S _ 4Li 1=
Bankle
composed of seven memrs ap
r
sr
g a= AA Es .4ms,
aJW--A..._--LS,LIZ-Erla= 7,
of theL _ =livvrif g AAtirrirA warm al,4a
P
publicsuperviston nf sch0016 auramA
ai institutions.
a-
_44A-a-=..- As_.=a
eral control
3. 4a4
a_e A a a ,-A4L. t"1 I V0 1, A LState = prerintenelib --oefieVED
A AAuministrationLeger-11.i.sss
V 9. 9.
s yA
= .-=a_t_a
A
_
Ui/0.
eleinenta
gradin--74
-_ .."
As=
_
a
Certification et a
Regulation of
tMariland an exanin't- a a_
s.v=,
1 A p ?. _ a,= A. a7-- h gr
nu -I
and
.6oi as==. _V.
schools."
scnooi build'E. A
standardizink
_onstruction.
E s- Ake g a Al 4
pi1 5a
and
sene-018.
having A a
_A=
aP-AnLVallhighs - L...4 11-4'.1 9 e a amuter L s..;
aBylawa of the _Maryland Etta= Dmrd of
fx
fr
o _A
Edueatkirt _,Z_ pi a ,sssA4 forteAaWI
Y-Ec
.
OF
E-1 generalant ends town committees and the
for:pdicy.n
Diseribution of funds.study in the public schsas..and
tuitionteachers.
of school seof &Ae
and
etzt.
.
144
of Trus -`&1`14 of the State ComposoiEducation
\t,4Cormlits0 of file Ut-air-
Personnel oard, State theelected by the
a electedployou Association, by the
Mae UoL-Ara
1. El
the 7-year2.
, t s
Statethe
4. Principal State -.alley for:Del emanation of ednettional of
schools.=leaof funols.
of
f
k nwaft Ntantvi PAlutreart-',1-4%.
havep.
011
411'
him
mos
omm
omm
onm
emm
eem
omm
mm
ohoh
bom
mon
nim
A #a-I --
Administration of#
_
A ArtimmtraMI tn.teachers Colleges."
publicUniversity._inims=ration of vocational
1.
2.
LegislativetA-of _
provision
v."
c'i State__
treasurer.8. Principal btate agent
III - .4-ea
9
Beard
for
Execution dueAdILLFIAe ISvm,a 6
Eruorcirnent -
appointedeac,
=cz-7-;---a.
g.76- Tv
.01
1_
'ALOE=
education and rehabilitation.
appointment
EI FP-Re 0
= +aU CA
5 == A.-&Al IA a aria
r-vr C-A.5 S.r
x&
uperintendentLkirm of 4 years._
its sezretary and
zuALe Board.rtY
.cfloo anu Lfw ruling
.13P rovernor..T..1 4-
= a A L.
#
&motion
2.
*vet-t4
Governor
Board
.6
V 0 0
eLitInirtflge41 ofA
Comptroller, a.6.1-A .0
UI the .p Board.
nine
members:
members
,H-Ge Super-urer (ex officio), and two
'members of the retireinen
provision board of 9A't-P4 ',year overlapping
---% .g=t -.----.
-=-t el--_-_---1._-_ _ --- g -,-7.-----...-,__-_----..-..,_,=_._ . i..---._ A I- a ___0 -..-.1. W_ i--- .e --M A a-7 AA AY #.._- A -0 A 3.-# 0..4 A. 4705#
-4.-
an '4e.=.44Ef#
schools al. 4.4.
3. elects a State Commissioner of4 Principal State agency for:
09440.-aMa.
10
Supervision and_= - - e .6-
=--# V= A -
# epW-1-##-ELI-SLOVA
Distribution
emenntroi
6.1
(4*
oLA0
11=1111l =taut: mr..OT
-a.6
Education
rifts.
6-7- e-6=- e--4 La.on.
4 4
members appointed by the
listr.ave control of the common
as its exezutive enL
the State Departmenteducational
elemenLary
State
policy.and secondary
A .11_41 1 At elC3V- A krt._ A A t
Education.
saunas.
therein.studV
teachers.
_1.-LOLLthALLU
Supervision of school library service with aid of library division
by
*Membersnormal
A pai--1.-ment of Education.-6.- 6 are a
oie A 7Eal ration
ofA
Va-Efa A
Legislative provision for tz-Stn
edurni.,;011 (withappointed by
Commissioner
te Commissioner of ....ducathe State Bcard of Education.
riA^g--3#aa
s
State = A - - t "shallt A .4 $
A
trust.e of the State
2
Ste Sugigotetc.-:-
of a Stateby Board of for a
AND g.3
Stateall higher except State
Administration
Chief executive the Board,,g. 4--,-
.,---___ for:N
of policy ofof State Departzne0 Education.
laws
Separate1. of Regents of State Composed of
'kty
five,intendent, State State
byB. (See footnote I.)
Stat. Board of
.6
1. for a
State. .
4
of :ofof ;tateof
ofteachers colleges, and thee
of
ofvocational the
1 person tile Governor)..1%, Awrae deggatka
fk4z
appointed
a *49 Boma and the e theikesilLs" and shall e:f entma awls teals.
't
POWERS
boards
of
41\
Ma.sachuse lbw
of
"RIM
111
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2. Executive andand a
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y_w-hm..2A) 74-
luau of sits Department oldrninistrative
i=-1 Fle-7
A &duds
governinga
A
attachedunder the
3
ofBoard.
=
the
wducation,
A.eid oT r,u ertnon,1,,rC A-Au:12.LT Board anW =- =Ts Teacher
of the mver-n = aa.Aa institutions:State a a- _
Governor n
serve in thetsraln i
F.3 t_F a A
0 Aa- -
Al
A
State
State _ _= = =- -
- Aof - = = _
Educati'mDalai
-wv_ozie dditioiI -mow
Board of Education1. Conatitutlonai
0
A7Aai
ected the
- ,Oa
are-T. a a-& A--%
of the CL-----mission_ ofrethi:nt a = fld
Michigan'
Lgoffrision for aAply"
A
=-, i .-.-A = ..-__.- .--- '-- .-- _- ' 7== = -= --.; ..-- --A_--. -A -"'- --Vtlf.12-1.---: - --.w.
m,e,ew--e-__----_4.-6- -,,-- -.---,
constitution: 1, V-
normal ecaiewe and the StatePrim. State_
Administrationand
Avr *:La *
varsity and
&
==.1E A
Agricultural
teachers
schools."
four - weed
eg_.03, 7- antiinstitutions, except
Determination of courses of ottiei-12 a
Administtatio--=
Stg
a #larmettli I fInS_4Seh&31.5 joy
Prescribing teacher requirementteachers of
a
andb,th prlvae
U I 14 =7=1 a books=7,-47:view of decisions of
g
-a
A
g
6
control.
13- V a a-=M - A- A 1,t. V
normal se coals
the
mantes LA
and the Blind.certificatesn7-7- for
schools.
Ha,
_ 2 __ ± _ A= et,_ ty-j fi-on of
State Superintendent1. Constitutional provision for Superintendent elected by popular
vota for a 2----year term.9 Has constitutional
instruction
1, 1AA a.
I__E...n LI. (14 A "TA 6
. raztittitiA w
provinion is ex officio _
t Edueation, and a.so meminr of17,
having controlLa -a=4
Prinel
aa== speak
- 4 ---=1-1 u in6-fi
but notState
tofor:
AA-
a a aa A--
State
a A
V Faff.
12
the Sul:10mb a1.4u======-4 za-- AA. =-4
- *.- =#_wrA:.
forL;- art WitJ primarily tc t camel.ttw
portation rmitAn.n -0
,\
=WS- approval a_ a
o
Education14.v-.br of the State
8. the StateRetirement
1. irs.s boardsthe except
to andof- tlizato,er
Teacher Retirementea@
State
bthe
populariAi b
beArd
t4a, "general
ofSchools.
normalagency
of atioder state educational State Uni-
teachersschools and under
State Deaf
public andira
boardssob
SW
to exercise "salaam!
E. By member" AilKe
Rf am, institution, with
of public
4. Eti:1
'Michigan a =Aratv2v e Stat. § which State nre_ agentanti control . rb anti thefunctions Iva education watt* .ed
preparation lad emil rtwk4o=
BOARDS
Ex
boards,is
of2. -Composed
chmlen by otitmur two.
eompo;edof
College.
and hygiene.
a
secretary of theBoard boards
is a the Is principal Elate
of at teachenthe of
a a
==-4
ESE ational
===
ff A ff tg aese A wE.Ea#ff. = ===#s
of 2 RE. ra u-
=_A .
A
of4_ a__ _ --# g4-M-27 2A_A
7
A =-- =
adopt.4 0 =
Swam. Boma1. Nerd
fl
el*g
=
g
A V= = -
-71
A t=a=..S_St__S!=__if!=
=A=MA AEA.. MA br
(principally wifh re.
4-am a aa S. .,==a A- g= a a: = a,4eonil
textbooks %
localaI Al
A ofI ---- A A a War rtAT school I i t.= =_7.ff = A = =
=
V a a A = A A ft. *=
sixk
of-=
=taroar- -V a.._*-& aa
E
fi State.
4r=-1_
AA- s
T
=-;-+; State Superintendent,
t.. a**sir .= .= f IL=Z.
und Bet--=m_-
aa.w-434.0,
-Wee
ien*ers aprqmnt.-;a _a
= 4 a a a secretary.
byappointed i_rovernor.
g I
M -aA_ control .1-'=
-__.---
fa--r-a bft--_T----=;.-7- ---=-,_ :_=-1- - ---,_ - _ _ =-- a , t --2-------g-r----- ---- ,-----= a tin - - -_-,-- _------ .--, .,--_- ---±-_-_.
_ _ _---......==a. m...:......., -c-= _--- --_---- E_--=
_ members
Board -
Ea.
=7; =
A
AppAntsA Principalam
=
A
2 a _-Aa-_
A ,
4 a= a-AAA-aware-a
=
A2
-- a= = =---= =7 ; .7-=,-- =a_4 ..-_--__- = .
2Z=
- -
_
for a board or
supervision-V111#
= ff
A.
= = =
S4'
five" V " %- . a
and 2=aer. MU' I g g-- 4a =
":7
eI v4 a .!==-. to or=- ==.gis=
a=e D4
StateAP4: ea% A 4 a_aa
7
A
*
and
_ __----_
I black.
AdministrationE
a_ea
Z.R
vocationallibrary
T_2
e
ff
Li t11,
A
Governor.
E.- 2
A
g
a'7' A a a
chum ---- ---
and iumor
A. A -= -- a ff av #
I
I
L-;
I _al
=
AND PiCTLIc=''-
State policyelementary steconit:;-: schools).
grup:MA, secondaryschool
A:pro an
_ctrali on
nt *f State Board Education, President of State Ural-
-
, venity, and StateTenure Commission: C®g of three
and State Superintendent as exComposed of State SuptreinteV .:totwr mama
Board of of State University: Conu.dwte,-±1 it*palar
Agriark I re : !.;+..--- of six yJp;1.sz e.Lrver-Lm. Canestat. , ;24-:
&teat Treasurer,
7. Li,-0s-54d e =7.-ous. Loatv College Niaing GA Tubaafetis Commission.
of six wirintsol by tits
asleprovision
ft-ita withOita 1:n -71
Teachers CoLSs &ate
agency for:of State educational
01 Amen' of Education.Admi-ALi!tua elementary Gaol&
and standardizing publi.
Ofeit tbail= -I a -ilidy.
4., teachers.f_E go' 3e: buildings.
;tat\[] service.of am% .on.
(4.
Determinationand
schools.
of
byTeacher
4. Rerentsby
of
6. of
of of
.VShin
ofL Legislative by the
policy.Orgenizstion
of secondary&lieges.
and
ofDe+Administration of
ildf1
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3.
Agreemen-c br
p.-11 F
arrangementseiucatona1 servi
ve provIsion-
to
State
g
%=a-.7 or *Tay aLfZ411-0.
Commissioner o Education
a 4 and- -
4-4-13t..v.--a3 aa ..-. 2.--3, ..e... - , 3 --__ara '-'C-,d.-Ae uive Lvii-Lui-.;k
d performste Superin
secretarygeneral=
ndent subject
aa.,Mint_ Atityw.
=_ ,==iri
Principal State agent-nforcement
policiesApproval
ofBoard
ofof the
President4-4 gm=
3
SCILCIOI
71.iva"Ve FA? 0, ofState Commissionerpoi g3 3 3=373-3
egelthe Presidenz
YState
Governor.
-4.4. 4 rei
the
E
nctionst
iutirennt Board.
U
=217-ea-.1agx.,
and nnes el
building
State04
Statethe
Trustees .3
Plans.
TeachersnuucaLIon
3 .2xlLkI va e.,`
e
and two otherwxiation.
a-30-
4 .ea a 3 'a
3.A
nI vi C-./r4 6,..1
me _r faLie, elected
,itetrrein
.0. aff 7
a
Auditor,
-v,1%-_z
n of
-14%.g
Composedother m;---7m
A
e
10 makers elected
undCommissioner T
a =4.
Public0,=3 V
ndby
Instruction.Lle constitution
cri-
practical administrationfor.
.r4 Principal ijEtea agentA..
W-Z-7am
n-
/a.--e. A aE a et.-a-II
a' 2 n tl on at=AS
CertificationAdministration
De
of
_3 A -. = st-Inaa fY
A
.erminationt
a 1 a
of
A VAAA tga x
Decision inLi
school
for:
withIon Li;
A A %AILUa T- a
of the sei-
educationalA-a
77-
school
a. E
-a
1
_
for
3 7
g g22 4
syst-,eln not
I-=--.==*.=al; az
3.-
apa°, SeCOridai y_.3. .32
--=,..-4-ag 3___,-_-. at "G.. giuF--71-11 = , " .`3. Aa3
1 V v-_C_ .3g g-R
LL-
adviratInn.4 ILaufai
new
fly 3a-=_
-a--
a
e.
a
by
FAA
rg
theSuperintendent
funds,
e -a
t_i-V1;77-Z-a-iirUfa
school buildhip epstru, e-A-1 by
wir_.-n rtem
to Asubjw-A Wa.44 L-0st, § i-*--9.mg
STATE EDUCATION
wit Federal Aitrmilitia
Commissioner a
1. for aby the Board of Education.
2. Is of th State Board of Education,previously by th
E to laws StateBoard.
of Directors of ail State TeachersCollege and ts1 Teacher
of school laws and State rulesState
Separate Bekaa1. Colleges:
by tBoard of of Governor,
of ni th
Board of Coarre_.i a_74e-ti ofmissioner Insurance,
by and firm the ent As-
kasesARDState Bawd Edgce-K-,,,
provision for an COM !-i-lej ofSecretary of State, the ttorney General, and the
2. the tvor seby regulate in the
of
Statecame of
of mc-ilThrs.
f schoolof needs
of Skate fund,.
to so
Administration
:sty
S. Is
4.
.ap-
Com-
441t
ex officio board
1111
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"
-aT
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FEATURES
= =
provision= 1 et==---=41.-= .4 IA
= 27.4 VAIAA a byV ---- e
A_
- a
common
= - =
g 10
for ^ A Eg A A =,M-AA Aa,
#
schools,
_
provision,na
Wi
a-A -A EftA.
- E E #a=-Rogza.--riEAA aA ,
A
supervision AA ralk-uzieS. #=3_23 e *z-=--aist AAR ItAft__AAA 3, - 1.0 a
schools, n11 r-A :4-4.
iun;(r colleges of tike State.Prescribing e e.-A. # I man =A_ ,-_-4
A -'- A . VW c..4 A __-==,---
of titlevDn d U c t ..._...._ .....
s g-4_= --
AE A #
=
2in L-ex este,
AEA
tota
-ico- hoo1 anda a _
out
Apportiej7i
Boards_ _ -
=
AA*
===A I Ex-
policies .
Si-tate rd
bw;a a - = _miFt Mkt
_-a
FAIA rustom
posed 1 --,1 AAA.--
supervisionFart,:
-Th= g
A0a= # 4TEAwAI I a .4
membersA A-AAil A
than I"
AAP ewa. a-
0a.
AE 4 A. A.AAEA-UrrniVE
a 3
k_. --- _ ,- = k-.-:,= _
LELLe---LIG.
4, state IAbraaf:
4-
A
Kate ra ttv-s tAAA A A
-%nu control
n
State."-
Ar-
State 'Textbook
[-.1
= State
A f= .AAAA of2 In
A-7E.
VAv
A I__A AA. W
e=- Te_e=
*vitaA
Eji 71-It
University7..1' I _-__
Vocational
A a4* zgAS
with "theA =
;A--A . = == = =ra Li - =A
Commaa_a a aaAA..--1er eta of
supremea
env. of Education,
A
44AA
andcourt district) appointed
rating--aVe r committeesor sui--_-_-_0-Jrvison hva a
aLAY.) K threeana
offf.
aseven
A-4 .0*E E
A A A gA jEEE =7-__ A th--Wa and
Bead elf
IA
aI aa
E
A A.
-ELE
a=E VE
A- .EE 1AUL -r
:7--;.urgfrinttindent_Esz A aa:F-4r aa
A t_including tnochairman.E
Composed ofWomen's Clubs,
Pt &% MOP= 1 -7=-1%.AV-4-1-waia.0
& A AA-- ----A --==. A A
-E. 3 AA.,--A
con-
Education)g.31
e 3.71.#3.A, A_,..3.--ZL A
Librarian, PresidentPresident of
A L.4.iLV Governor.
1. Constitutional for ft board composed of eight lay memberSprovision
2. auvra. evErA Ag ; gy A-
F
State ageRcyr4flflflOT
11A I
educationalIon of State
AAenre v-- 1.1
#w- a F w-a
=11,a_LrL'5 Tlit.
A ta#g ofaLanagement fji
I.
t..,mc4rs.a a a _ il1Wiilea_ CA-j-PHi AicgaApa - a
oases.
4ta.
4.
school
Aff.ag- E-= AA A_,===
.by
AE.#E E
_-_-_.7=4=
AM.
f
A 1 el _. ----= _4 by A n . -- .. , <.. terms.az u-r===. ,..,..e ,w-u7,-ernor for i-ynxV)
E
_
AlEA A aa
ND POWERS
oava-s--46ref
1. a by popularAt* term.
2. "theof the
Sta,-.Principal
Supervision a public_
regulations for efficient organizatiFn andfret schools.
over ofs rates ofeatlia.
funds on
1. of Higher Leviridn Cote,ef appointed
i t. . by
kGovernor as Statethree (one frau eachby Governor terms; of not
teachers ppoInr Staterecommend for ilia
ea adoption.Junior Colleges State P elf :
ez officioQ ..-r
Lanzieston: StateState of State Library
tWo by
Sikhs Education
raerekels gisperiiigion the interact oftate and the State
8 for:
Supervision ofg and smiting
4
0.4 .
1
Su
a==-=,..__.--...-._
State for:
meetings
in
F.
MIN
IM M
I II M
r m
ri
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m r
iling
oom
r711
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Mon
o
r
61 STATE O=F MJCAT1N
0
-===
ke cth=: a1
L t!ttiIc#naj ?11f. tt (P
---- the - -
r- J -= ='
I
eA-t
_D _ - - -I ; I I L!- u i tw i± ii- officer - - -- - - - =-
for A LI t I L Mt- - - - - - = = - --
= !
iiti- r=z=
T__2.=_ . Board.u i=icriuea si-v u =taza
-- Principal- -== T- -_
--- supervision, and - - .= - = -= - laws .-= -t :--!LJ Lk4
Se1.
bardsA parate governini board atfithged by the G:;=vernor for
;LUI:J higher LJWfli 1flUtL1t1E3fl.c= T
Li[JL L; Board: i'=_= I the .
Oi1UYii1i$1OflO?-- --HJKI 01 tatt= PI113 !UX
.O.
___t______ -five-= rimed e .= - - - State- - - - - - - - -
. - - -=-= =-= e £L!!!!!.i LJ
ci tb at-tTItt*I by the Board of1W{=- - - - j Retirement
I
C,4- - -=. :==
---___= _#== L
rVp'--- board -flTfI -
flY the-
g£. iULLLUL1OiIflJ Hflfl TiT A- - - -- - - - - =- -=- = = U
General, and t L$ILF1 Lq1y eignt otiie flismfs ap-_j -= -
2. "generaliia j5!j and u:ron c:;;: Lev:v ti L;:e cier 5tn c=c-a:iona an.
8titutknu="; ot1er c=wr5 ai thes irescribed k
3.¼Pr
,'
Determination c: State policy.Administration fy elementary =- --
-: '':I i=-1IWa.
rv school- - '-* & - a L
- - - ---- *parse---
Certification 3
4
of
* L Constitutional wov1!io11 for a Lzitate Superintendent elected by io-milar7nt who shall of the- LLL E7
Stat.. G9vernznoL
the public c=f the itate,
:
OJfl7 of school Iaw anti carrying out of theuo1Icie
A__1 Icnmi buildingPi:rro%:a1 ?I U*flB (in and t1irc1a!F
:\
S
0
-1-7-;
aLl Stateie
sweiter
a.21t-M 61.
Board
yfor:
-tlatiaas e StaLe Btimr- Education.
Commissioner 7.4
\
JL
each
leardCommissioner &law- tAowa,
anti elected b members a the System.
by provision,State various
Nta agency for:educational
andtate
of of mday.of
4:7
Administration State Teachers CAI^tiaLtration all State higher institutions.
Administration vocational education.Stay Superintendent
the, ,
Was general tig seamenPrincipal agent for:
State Neeriand
BOARDS
of eAucation.of Education.
i'dOlwytap-
State agentrwu-
of
Stateother rnemrs appointt-d by the State &aard of Education.
State
k iFlES-Tig-mH OE
pointed
control
law.'
be executive department
supervisionState
A _ r
=a= .
State
-==
t*
Era=== E
CYrilla a..e
a
Composed
a
-7A
E a!
eff
4
1.
E=F E_F
State Goveiiivintem via
4..
A ff==e.
le A V
KIM* per
ff = ff.-LeFaa..A=e-a-
ormai
_
arae
as
e;==
eat'
eeea
ea!
nd =
t
two
and-
Superintendent,A-4
t=" citizens
Governor,
itrE. meuyTer g
- aee. ===e= F e
tiA State
*
A
services
a
U T ri
====tion of 'maneon of Dui
=
system,
n
_A
a e_. a =. 0A. & a =seeWWI,* iCr'V
e_ g
secondary
, accounting for nti r
funds,
wise
Fa_a. Far-
- - "
-ea
a,e7
g= ga=.__
of.7"
======a==._=.=...a..-taaa=_=
a
=F. A.-aaaM72E LZ-M 2
e
=1
a
= ==
=_0 a
ff
school libraryAdministration if valea iomai education.
trti way
of Statestate T-.i--;:-J.:+4Azror, Ati=_Lxne: General, and teachers by"4164 State Board of Education.
Tomtiara! -1,1mear:-. Comm C-_)42-4:7_,-*; the StateSawrinthendmit designated by ihisa&wig-Ritz-4 by State of
L 0+4-.14 Land Composed of _.tv perintanotalti,AN-4ornhon-t,_4, amid State.
=
'fir no State 'Plat exercises gener* super-vision over --;-.Aiii--;tary and ecoüry
1.
2.
=aw-=,44, 'c40t-9Q,V
Constitutional provision for a State Superintendent lel= i)y pirvote shall be a member of the department of the
Wasschool
gr;L:--o of State Board for Vocational.4.2,03= ex the Board of Education of State
__ 4_1314.
over theo.yabiic, private, and
Principal State watt for:
-W2
Administrative supervision elementaryDistribution of State natal funds.
study.of textbook&
Prescribing uniform
Pri2traiti-Mat and distribution f Federal siogipliAt-Action.
Approval f ' woos' training and cii educaVon.Administration of Federal L
of school building ure1411kg questions f as*. law.
StateU415iten
SI _
S. I -it.
andNormal
tead:.:::Educational Lands
ii.dent; has of all seftn1 Wide
at,
e theGfin
144-- "et
-Q1121--
fey thi
FLATURES AND POWERS
TeAcixtr
2.
BoardBoard:
Secretary
0.14
Nebraska
"ubraskasthools.
State
executive
powers
ex memberEdution
4,
and
a
or
andSchool Prwram.
SeparateBoard of of Schools: Composed
six others appointed bk the
2.of
of General, and Suri-wnWI State.
-)J
IMU
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MIO
NU
Elif
illI1
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III?
1111
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IIII
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11II
r
E-.
as't
=
3. Board fk,
4
far.
£=
_
ar
-
a _a
Compensation
Education:an
=aaaE
aaa. V
t_= x, V A ef
--jiv,rrdent
- Aa Tw=7
VV. ==-V A-- £
popularATUI
Library
Public
Court.
EDUCATION
VC-a-0
overnor,
WW1 fromfive
Aa-a.
t
. fEr.A aae e cat L-t-7
Determination-r=- at._ff
-a-
g="--% "C "
r,E.i-iOfl
---riAration of
-=r rm. E
1. Constitutional
a,
struc.:onE = W
of
if
cou
composed
institutions.
each
for:
education's]-tenUe
prescribes
_- W A-as-
A -a _
£ lent_..t . and
-7oursest-C7-R-Cgiers.
vet.
e
j
£
and ecierofficio
ooE
sec
=Mob
-W=.4
Holding
Apportionment
a2Te
a
Ci
t==
specificationsRre servi
IZ
of
ofEi Mat L=y
-A
(one lOTtne
V
a 2-year
a=
AAafa
conferences in eat'
-pitionment, of countyappeals on
outBoard
2 -a -aa f
haucat_SAGAI
-E-4=e1=t7-7
a
the
distributive
State
policy._ a = aft nms-£
Governor, rs AA2aA2 A
efficiencygg g4 1
BCI
LV
for 1-1.r-ft' --=C:_-
A _
I L
term.
e r
State.
r -I £
r -
= £ A t--
oard of
questions.A
Mt Vk-a
w. tga.,77a
a
Public In
in
£ A
iFN= _ W.-CP NA Q' otric
a
each county.
==ard of K.0
Education.
A131
C=a1*
a-0- 1-
-a.
additional persons am-roin
It
L7_,":=
-4!
=7=1
-31
STATE BOARDS OF
Vocational Composed of the State(secretary), Juice sf th orK-
. f Composed o t members appointedof State educational institutions for hudi-capped person.% and charitable and penal
Nebraska Commission: of five persons pryotte._ve to perform library snialow wor and promoteestablishment of libraries.
et Edoca-a-_aa .
provision for a board Super-f Instruction, ni five members elected byone of2 deputy oath echicationddistrict) asti necessary
duties deputy superintendents to secure and(There are no' in
S.
of State
Distribution of State school funds.of of study.
ofplans
Supervision of schoolAdministration education. (S e Separate Boards.)
state
a for State ofelected popular vol-.4
2. Ex the State Education;may confer upon deputy the ts actkis mane.Principal stats for:
teachers' of the fiveof pie State.
of State fund.school fund to
Hearing of school kWC4rryi, of whenacts as :se for
Board
Commission: espit'Ino members tha tatf five loyadopts.
L.'
a 70
Board by the
J
NevadaBoard
1.
oftion.
a
Separate
and the-
4'44-
1111
1111
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11,1
1111
1111
1111
1111
1114
1110
1111
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1101
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1111
111g
3M11
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
11iim
amm
on,
a -a. 5 'aA___,--aa
ccnr-
8. Board
I L Pal
-
_
g _ _7=4.
A ANDtm-= = =
Composed+-wet
invfttniof the_
ar vot
'or VocEducation
_
V
State
==_Ar _
-_ _ _ _
S fp
AAA
4.
1.
&eve
-4rfr==.17
Val
provisiona.
members ._.poin
e
ft==
learning
emploYees,
over ai
Vested
_==4t ===--Fm Mi.00 Is
additional
of
POWERS
the
the =gN_TN_I 4-tkfil
permanentnrvemitiv-
r= =
the
Cornver...eli OA_
rT Controller,
funu.
University 46-
rnem_flpti appointed
E retirement
_V-Esat
by
s business,--t=f; e-=
whd- shall
=-
XA
Determination of !=-
1111 fling0
Certification
it
LneTVjTor A_ A s...
.= z. g I etvt3,L LLIINALtkni of
it_,Zrmir=t"-i
me-V_ upennA
e
AL
n orI 1E t
of
L=.
the
the#
Governor (1960.L 3,
U.%
wrectors ol
as V T.mo. eiwf
appoint a
---V.Vssg Lc V.
y ;,=
ea- re=----A-
school
= E t
.dlibrary service.
educational policy.rt
E
businesstA A_ iLk.g.'t
into
Lins.and course of
of L,L4_--Le Les-4--nQrc coil
7-1 1-VP.a-A V= Eth
members=
only
not
tyrE:
Li
A7-7 = =LW A
State
arid
and directioncorporation
by law."t
!EU TO.L.
115.
pervisory anions or
ministration of all higher institutions, exceptvirsitv-1ifliristratjon of vocational education.
of Education
lye nroVislon g a State Commissioner or Education-e tate !roar&
oincer id sez:re.-auu of the State0. Principal state agent for:
-
Jurisdiction
tate
of Education.
StateEnTorcement oi law c°rrring. out the ru
low the a= a,ea?a _,
di 4-11=2"_. (r- hu cation.
which4L--
_g.al
t=.1. t_t4 education, the Stateand taemr the7
2. State of Finance: ofState Treasurer, and others appointed by
t,.4
of Ottz-!.(the State is
of higher In the State.)4. Board- Education: Composed of tAe .4 Board of
. plus
S. Employees' Board: Composed of five p--- painted by th Governor; provisions of all
public including teachers.
co
1. ye for -0111 k 4
the"the .-4-4-ers urIon
. an a
0. with to Statebe officer and secretary.
iF
H rs
A
Principal State agency
elementaryseveral school districts
of study.of teachers.
Preparation plans.school
the Uni-,
4
Commissioner
pointed by
Executive mini
Basel and andad State Board
nt7ew Xemi tiu Stem all control of obviation ka Stat. Cagusvimionet of Education haws. imPli
the board.
71
4
elected
Educationa
of
*
" ew
\
ap-
2.
of
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ii' s
BeardsIII TjfL$ Commission:i1D!!y the LibrarianJUW=J "' at '-4'rar*n ancfour other ;mur a;cj by the21E e*thr Retirement Board: zirnnc ci the sik
__; =-- (1:-1--7- lt:=T =i_
pmembers ---;___ --- 1=__, Governor.
-. -v
L Iav ryr nr4 r-4 t 21L-
;= .- three4 1-f 41 = L
L V ti with auerai Btw-1ci ãflQ contra' iZ tmLLlc Ifl1 4J4i
k -__ !
- for:JbJj £I1- 11 - 4 J u
: is ;= e; a eew ; La-:-
4-L Lmi Li Ji Ui (UU.
v
U. LtsuyI
-L = -4 I_
FDpr,v: :-:
s:=: Cl :i; ner ze: = - of£i-kA t vocational 4
--- - higher- -t_ fr_r ;=- over t - andinstitutions r-'J ' V &1k =, -w
%Decisions , T='- Ft w
1 L ij T
1. Lis1th fr n Stt fzn f Eieatfcn ar-!OIIzt&1 y tne t c1Xr cu&tart
2 Serves as ithrv of Board of E& 15 vested with rvjson af all schools cf E3tt r&iv1n State tic!.4=. }1i duties &flt fyr-q ar.. h onthfrrM. u1pmc; nztt ti
Board= , ! £ ti , a i_ Education.: L
I t for:ilrninistratkji of &tt. Department of ucatfryDistribution
I__
A
:?
-w,
Inspection cif school buUdIna11:s;eT::oE 0: aecxicts,--- - \ treAr1:-n
j-r :
4-ø =__: LAe J& tkLLt L.L 7£_= -__-_!=1==
,J1 i
£ kK
ry !--- 5 -= --- .-:1-:-
, t-_L_i V 1= I Ju 'JJ j Library,for =-
--- '= - -
-U4 Y L=L L 7 WJLI =
$i tJLi ti V H Stetsb5i U .y.
'4
fr"
_
CI- ,111-1,=-
n
of t to
sAw.SY-on
aN
r at
tura
amsmakors aqi)p*Lato
"the
Sta .ortay
oe
theteacher&
school lb,
OM
illn ri aloft '.ickvuttiezi.atAw-x.
2.
A
WialTit
ds-tv._
provisionGovernor. X chiC the State
A
Nici4 2
.
thethe
3
L State
of school fends.subject
of
keel' dotty2
IA
77,
A
tof eird eiEttA I
2
andMuseum.
as deans
OF
Governor.
oI
a:IME
C missimmtr,other
women.
af nal policy.and 5=--,outi,ary
executive
six assistant approvalBoard.
osrtificatai.
Supervisioncl&ssf---
six:vial
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POWERS
V_=4
_1- 4--
4=4 __
-
tadk
ir4=1 a
A
4.4
C
_
-
s-manse-4
the Board of
-4
r
vain
-sss
..e
as
,
AttiN1
et -4_= EtJcomponent--- -11
AgriClatOM tat-- L-14 ek
Jersey auff the'Education er
_ Board- A_ ttf A
**Uwe private itstiA_o_-_ toe) and t.:=4*-1 State Boardligia mat:1-C 7LZ '17MutAM.- 0.1 Li State University.t Board Examiners: Car---1147se-- of Commissioner of nt.--,tion
ancar-,.: in seracationai 461. are
73
tete
ofof Aegean
) andmartine_L i a-cation am potnti-,17 b
Ae_
Tritb if = - .
Truna-Atmr,1,4 tYritW *if
Kattewd:-._
the Statev one itraots pointi*d- by Om lover.butt anti_ the it e ;f' sa.
,
Constitutional provision forrf 2-_-_kis and five -7.,,tr= members
tir=787--;_i?_mp
r _ In -- ;.:71144- by ,414-0
_.(._.---., -.,_-_---;--, of
t 0-rw,e.tir4.fiaaNy ;ratria, and directionof all public nicA.-1 under tack iw providedb law.
State77- "shall 1* toll* .grirvrrifAte n-ccierity a allpuli flJ ffb -2!Ltj State educational polkyAdministration 0_0_ :tarryDistribution -4ite,te nebiAJ, gigs& (jointly
Budget ti--=1"20.rktteregr!.Ati.- of course
,s
ea'Adoption of _
issuance of local school bonds.CeArAifteadon teachers.
gsp,-1-r-nul Eebt41 building amtransportation.
at-m7Wituttitita f ittetitazi disputes.
1 400Bal_fit 1144-
.-41N
-
Principal
sireatiis
'44
lay popfaHry vote"tx1 the State Government
4 publica-
-,---- - =7. .7
;
1-!-3
In,member a
; tO
poMes and m.2m of_ Mats=1-VL*N1 I
Al
L.
FEATITit
Upstate P.-~de1. A hoard for each theCollege a Agricultural Station, the
New Goiko f.,or Wc-en, Department Higherof College;
(a of Education
2. ofseven sera work
by the Co -tv lisner of theState Board.S. Cmopc*A of
three others elwted frwn
Gi Eikpeation
1. aStat.
shall be
vested withregulations as may
By the Boardand of the State."
4. Principal State agency for:
eexico
ofof and secondary schools.
of with State Educational
study.
textl-k.340bi.
ofof
of.4dmin1stratkth of school
of vocational education.
State
provision for a Superintendent of4elezted who shall be a
excutive cky-4.rtment2. Chargwi vowel supervision of
the sm=k-ft--nision of the State of3. for:
Executhigof
1111
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4 10_111141;1-1t a at
separate _- =- = -
--_0--
;oilA A * I A A
rA_At * *4.4_
governing,t
r0
i
00=
t
policies0=0 V-1
A
ofBudget
k-
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a
L_
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0*A Ai 0-0 irf -..
00 c by0 v _**if. 0-
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provisionA
for
=0_-_t-
E-=- a V 'kJ
the State."
,*(
E
f
re:
Board ofor Statecompos'
-- =
f_AV
Regents;
1
-
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A
@
F *
the
7 I 0==-A =n
L
;r 0_f
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E
n
cit
= A-Lk EEO 40-. ofrt _ _ r
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and
L.)
theV _A-0 A a I
management A_
-0-in--A. I:4 I__ t*-4 10.1
A
A
i 17, the Jrm----- A -AFAA &=-1 ,*_g at
Acirn. ;-= -_,1-
A A 4,A4-
IV =
CertificationLi of ecirie
" on f(7-04-1-r-11
and
1=
, * *_=*.14.. 41
_t
e_wc
TA =
A A
library
asecondary
0V I ," and =S.I V-0' *-A
_(1
Iv r1-4VE= -4_
educational-1__=_A
ElT
a a m n istra tcliff
0- -.0, 0 00w4-
& tb-
A=4.
£ 4 1" -I.-
4ftprovision _w-rw__Les v., A
"UV t # ;w_,Af=_tAL:tt.: cfficer
8. 118.5 r
4.subjc:t 4to
--.
E# U.( 1_7_ A
=-
work-1 I
X,-r1
_ _ =
of the6
V
*0.0If=
_=ikz1=7-10.= v -_- _ V
for:te agent-1 7
State
V* A polici
5. Has n-n- ualciA t Aauthont e over all
---=A -0.*-
t
hither Y
-U
_ =-of s=.= A A _-
t_0-
system _
1 -== V 'VA and
7A
-=#-TA 00- * are
determined ww-p3.-tf. AL,VT-- the
k
problems.40-0 AA-A gE = r g
=
=].
=
74 rrATIE 17,:k PS
ofteacher (jointly
separate) of thfor
goad g4ecT
Constitutional a legislativeprovision af 1$ members prfiointemL. theState
E -ercissi rtanState establisbem rules for r-g into
and the to education; is headhiCh "LE charm' tio su-
of all schools and all of work of
S.
concerning system 074
w-k-
8. Appoints Coonniftione, tit=of Educhtion; other staff
GtizAisaliii]ior.Pr State agency for:
State policy.eittientaxy ancl
, Distribution of StItkof
ofAdministration of school service.
vocational education.of )Y1 of the Stabs
University he Board of /healer E4Intaticisn, Newinstitutions of
Charterimg andSupervision d licensing of as
established by .
51 Commissioner1. the Commissioner
theis ff pTior Ike., o and
alas of ofBoard
r seli4,42ukvryiniox of le%
Principal S.all
Board if d
al of selp,o,l, ire:r plans.
the 8tate
A
York( Regents)
1.
thelaws
the
tivt
4.
GeneralBoard,
of
ol Education
is ap-Regents.
2. Education,
of Regents.
andRegents.
illiti
lIPP
Flop
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BF
Commissionof
_t 4 7
f
_gr 4#1 ;
1-
. 7 r--
and * I
tk.` t tt A=
4 ifft -73
f
Composed Commissionert_
= =- =4-t. 4_4 L-7- V_ ..aalatattaa-sta,sit
#.4& Ir
,V I=',Errp0.= AA
A theBoard
r11-4
e-_ S-i I 2 the
-c4= other pe mons r tx: - 4
_ A
=
-
t 4 -, wkr-r k
t- 1 =a =57 3 4
raA
the
and one
T 774E I
provision - E_T T 5- 4 t"--74 V-- E
VE --a=
I
#3
Com-
11
-_,-- # -_ --- ..---a *-a:._ -_. a aa--., 4 ,,,t- VI Li ------_# 1 i ._1. i i 4-,-#
' I _ oneLit
.E=- = 57E0E
= I
the --r r
4 4Unguent - =7. in#.4 .
_ secretary;Instruction,s
IL t = the Governor,-AA
t the L * # _
&====
=-r1=-
terms.# r-*# =
I 7=- .2 2 a 442A I 4
-7 #4*-- t 1 t
General1
= =_ ; z State
t_
Determination
4-4
:Argo..
E_ rt_ A 1= 5 s
DivisionCertification
717
Appointment
=
all
v
off
"t 1
rom
% =&
Superin-
_
- . E
_educationalthe General
14,-..5
a; serve
. "1,-C* A V5 i.
n relationt t
, 0--5Er._ rr _.. ,_ E75---s ---, -, Av-5-# f 1 , 1ilEk. 1 j,_=1'Ut *E5/EE,
s# 0
ti State intoof teachers,
of
' I 7 15 T-7 policy.iL4 a__
school, _4=
==_r_
. _ _
r -3i 1
districts.secondary
library service..equalisation (I 05'1111= it7
* 4 1_ 1&a & kr
ttkrS the
7
tott-}
=
a
* 1t4.4 ._ 441t_.
*=--1 I aik-5- &-* 5E= &-ra5=5
I-11-4 4`--
and=
4_4_ I i
's0-5sit:4W w&r. 711 -
A
I T:K1
" comptrollerL=
Ato t.--I 14- 4 i=a g 74 T4
Constitutional_
0= 2.- I I 7_ t
executiveL-Itr4
=Shall
A %-IL -1- 4 L. it_faa
A #-4_7 ri .-4-7* 4
&
= _ _3. V kv 55 5-5 1-7==5-57 VPrincipal =
0- -a
Lie=
A 441 .2 2 1 4a - - 5 4.2 f
_
f7-3.
vote
0:7=
#4 7
_
;_
VI-1Ca a a-
t Cp 1 Iri :#5 0 t
t& U- 4 4_7-4
schoolE of education.
4
Assembly
7- I. 7-
r" -t ;05 E-÷VE _ k
of
TkS
I =-A it 1 0
====.
a ft 7I. A 0
A AfI I---- 6e a mem
Government..r
it=4-1 and r r yr,# I ill CV
c
FEATURES AND POWERS 75
$ Commlv-!-41_L for Physically Handicapped:
Education (ChairmAn),of State Board Charities.
ft_
V.
Tenuie Commission: Composed byGovernor, one the Commissioner of by the
Teachers by BoardAssociation.
Teacher Retirement t nlearimnis: one 1}-pointed by he of by of Edu-
State or one appointed by him, and
L.araimaSkote
for of EducationGovernor, as chairman; the Treasurer;
tendent Public as ex officio--Nrs by 1 each 8
. .tricts which divided by'And 2 the at appointive .rnbcr for
E. authority to power to makerules rpgulations free schools
bfl the of theas the
3.
StateSupervision elementary
school
of textbooks% (with a.id of TextbookSupervision
funds the
of a comptroller the Governor.have supervision and management
of is responsible tisi
'Inte1. for a Superintendent oZ Public In-
and wh* ofdepartment of
after of schoollaws and regulations.
for:of study.
of building plans.Supervision and,
et
B.
North
1.
2.
1
=
4
STATE BOARDS
State Text. 4, Commission
and Superintendent;_
elementaryof the .high-schoolsuperin
2. Board ofthe,
State
dent..e University of North Carolina:
of_LUX w.,VItitii-Lon of textbooks for benefit of
members appointedbe outstanding teachersto ne 0. A
-
grades; R ne Z stayA Do
Governorcr ofu.L
E-V A
superintendent,Legislature;
ex officio, anahas control
State University, State College fdrAgriculture and Engineering;insatutions under
=ucation
overwriii7s-Afi
ra-ail other
separate governing
principals=
electedme-mber-ins _
tolGla LIUTIS
(1 State College ofhigher educational
ty
of
The
D-' t- has no State Board of "'on the sena,.n ue,o aA 3 s s
theara 2-tu I ,-- -.4 a-a vested with general3101 UULULi.
pervision public 61 'I-017&Seot.,JADAlc schools is concerned.
Stat Superintendent
is inoperative soA dr
1. -Cronstitut onal. provision for SateG.0
struction electe: by popular vote.Charged with the
3. Principal Stat"general
inr
.1. nr7 tne supervisionbelow.)
Superinte. dent tif
supervision (IT
,DeterminatiWn of State educational policy.-Administration vE
OA
PublicIn-public schools:,
lementary BJId secondaryofDistribution Stite school funds.
Determination of course of studv.Certmeation teachers.A _ Ty.74 .R` school .11mm.%
E A.A,g,kv-
Ca" g 0
Adniinieration of school library service.
1. State
6
of Higher Education: Composed of 7Dy the tzovernortiigner imrnin
authcjzedAfam4 vri A. I ffs -
0. s. A A -
,
*E"
S
ecreUI
(.-.
rrinron
VrttysalA A t-
of State,
)
=
perintendent,A
iT
Commission:
A-A
3 IR
b.)
arv
sehms
fri=g= = e
institutions ofcontrol at all StarACommissioner of
LAnds:
a
Agriculture and LaIr.
Auditor,
i- 1
IIier education;A
for matioEL,,g of Lbw
atiwney timer-A,
Compoze,i of the Governor.,..tiditor; and Commissioner
A
f-vernor.A-
s
of Retirement4. Board of Trustees w.q..d Comzumcher
6.
FriEUii6 Us. en State Eujrhitndeiit, aro tnm ,--ttnar
*SsDy the Co;eorState .
S tion.oftansy General nd
'7!
Al__E3
a .ff__,_-
S.--='1_.. _,..---= =5_-.a. et aVae.
.P. .-. N i "77 as a :-:---..-_-__a=__-_,-, _,--,_-...a_-- ....,.- -__a .-__..-,-.-
V V,. 1 EA
persons
of the Gov
Stateappninted
sark
7
2.
I.4
70, . OF EDU 1ON
Separateeal
states Bo_ Composed 12 by.the7 ta
the grades; or1 witty
alrustees Cti111
State three
boards.
state Board a§
in usual (TheState of formerly au-
Separate
2. theagent
of ik
Sepavatet.
A
Board aPPointed; ,has
appoidts ato State rd Education.
and School,
3. Librarylb'
of State (40gs
td 4
Ate.State
.
Boards
5
a
by
North Dakota
Boards,
a.m1
-m-
.-:,.
,
fi is2..
andB ,.. 4. I. .
, ,1BZZiiII.1
I1
M'
to tie
4
ce.
=
6.
FEATURES AND POWERS
State Cfurl- "t'Fir w--5-Aji '7°a
E _ .Aon_
the \governor,and Labor.
7. $tate Board one Teaching Scholarships: CompOsed of State Superin-tendent and four others appointed by the Governor.
Attorney Genera% Lt
A"..m.dr 5=im p JP& #
Commissioner of
_1 of-1!--#
Aa-2---r- 7.41 Li aa.- X,
8. State
Ohio
Board of Administration: Composed of State Superintendent,missioner of Agriculture 11-1
p
AL
by the Governor; has
no general ot te r
4 a #
Constitutional provision,
I.. &.# gA
bon Anpotnted D
O 4 aPlitlertE."
4."
Lab-or anththree other membersebei.... 2. F._ mAd.
A 5r%5'- 2.1^e4-..1."Ve
--E4i
Ayr a StateGovernor, and w
0 Institutions.
Superintendent e-? Pubm 2 T-ff VI= -E-# X.A1
part-mem OT
7
iS a merciu-z1. Wa=
Governnientthe executive head oi za- ijevAment ox
=45 = eSle departmentEatim sri u:vu.s4 et....ft vvi -v-t. -4 standards withand professional schools.
3. for:StateDetermination of
A I _ " 4_-rge'l oy
etne
=,
efts
'Lae
#41,11Ezein wlilch En fl;overnnent empowered to
various
C-ati On al policy.elementary and secondarye
Distribution of State schoolDetermination of course of studu.
w-Ln lu otcertification 0CI 40. A 4.4 a AEAI .q :*a 5V 2== 2..nlig ,==T
Fain censorship.Supervision
e &seas
school eiDral-) p cAc.7 14, e.
SlaRrj- of
schools.
P-111 fin&,t6-fi
Li
ard of-Examiners).
Schools for the Deaf and the Blind.
1. State Board for Vocational Education
2.
Composed of SLtendent (chairman and executive officer) ,Director of er ureA _ 1A,
24.43.a.. 6 _ p
Finance.'
v.XeaffiinPr*Board F
L=
S. State
4.eV
Fite _*Vf L
Libraryinrinthndent.
man) and four
A
-.A-.;
Director of Industrial4-F-
5
0.tau A 1 A
n 10 me reciop
1-1 Aneiatiorlsp
Composed of five persons apith
Composed of the State7' reons appointed LI7, .z; _
..,
Retirement10-=_A a -
vBoard: Composed of the
Superintendent,by the Retirement Association.
5. A sem bo-ft.1 apliointed bir the Governor for each State HigherRai-12ation inatitsdion; State Director of Education is an ex officio
uperinthndentthe Governor.
and two others ài
and
--7-ener-AL
_
LDolt' ,ea iroin ana.
r ol efter inaLQ,
A44
A
N.
flon of School Como A
Of
Board of Education
Ohio
"'- 15-
the State2. h
ofrespect jio
xdpittl scoldState
teachersof
1..a
of State
.
,
ofState by
StateBoard:
other
Attorney State
,Pie
et-
M
1.
Director
`az_k,
1111
1111
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mes
unin
trii
In51
5 5
u 51
Tr5
5191
i,ii
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hrno
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±T
nr17
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111d
11,,
"321
7711
M11
1711
A
aft.
0 A mTASTSTATE BOARDS OF EDU Li. juri
ale Board tx#0 ea%.W_EgE
1. Constitutional Drovision
'kIahcini
a oard of which the State Lttr-F1-dent of Education shall be a member; Legislature has establisheda State Board composed of th 7 C-- 7k-
kAALL nu,t. asbyanu six ouner members appointe t,u, .7-bvernor.
2. Vested by constitutional provision with 'the tvisioLOn the public schools."
1-4,sLablishes anti prescribes the duties of an execu vr-1 V
Lfrx, te '1Tc-to Superintendent of Public Instruction.4. Controls anti directs .te work and duties of ale State jff
Wa Ea shall
Education and exercises supervision over the 6tate public-schoolsystem,
5. Vested with authority to require coordination of -wda divisions theofState Department of Education through its executive officer torequire all recommendations to be presented through its executiveofficer, and to requireterprttation of the Board
executive om...cer
6. Principal State agency for:Determination of State educationalAdministration of elementary
be responsible for in-
and wm.e-.
Distribution of State school funds.Determination of course of study.Classification and accreditation of public high schools.Certification of teachers.Administration of voCational education V 40.N eta'5 -40111 .1 _vtvikfLiAdministration of Federal Saul Lunch Program.
arninistration A l Education.ormulation P 0;/.. regulations to govern private corn-rnercial and busines§ colleges.
Cooperation with Federal Government in regard toeducational relations.
State cupPrintendent
Federal-State
1. Constitutional provision for a state Superint-enduant of Publicstruction elected by popuiar vote, aiVi who is aexecutive department of the ate vuz, -t
member ofmn
tne
2. Is ex officio member and president of the ._, (.0,..--.tv-rn Dociru of ge&-.Tie-et-ii-i-9, A h 'n ^ 7 ,, ce . 0
,--.E_&-a-ti-ui. pPresident of the Board of Regents of the Oklahoma College forWomen; President, Oklahoma Library Commission; Secretary ofthe Oklahoma Textbook -Commission; member of the Board ofTrustees of the Teacher Retirement System; and a member of theOklahoma .__._._. ...
0 .Commission.IIs ciinrgPri al the supervision n,. en aUMMist ation of the State
, ,__ 0 --_, . , 0De-
U.
partment of Education and the Si,a,4. Principal State agent for:
Making recommendations to State Board on
public-school
taini1
C*.1A-.. a -,t,F per-_to the policies and administration of the Statement of Education and the public-school system.
Depart-
for
president
ef Instruction
A'
E
3. officer
of
its topolicy.
*ley.secon
and
of
4
system.
9p
FEATURES
Enforcement of school laws and policies of State BoarEducation.
supervision of public instruction as executive officer of SBoard of Education.
Supervision of school library service.Soparate Eoar=Js
9
Board OA Regentsby the Governor;appointed theallhas control oi colleges witn
of Oklahoma Colleges: Composed of nine members
exception 01versity
Board al
acr-riculturaj and mechanical colleges and the Uni-t iv in n01118.
forRegents the UniversityaPrrii%-o sv-aDomted by the Governor.m m rtm
of.Oklahoma: "#'* rt. vs, sevenLi' -*Aa UI
3 Board of Regents for all agricultural and mechanical colleges: Com-posed of nine members, eight to be appointed by the Governor,the nInthi to be the President of the Board of Agriculture.
4. Oklahoma Quata ---t%senLzt of Higher Education: ofuomposed ninemembers appointed Dy the Governor and constituting a coordinatingUltra of control for all institutions of higher learning.
5. Oklahoma Library Commission: Composed of thedent
M0-,narinten-State ur-oand four other persons appointed by the Governor.
6. -acner Retirement System: Composed of the State Superintendent,a member of the State Tax Commission, the State Treasurer, StateInsurance Commissioner, and five other members appointed by theGoven approved by the Senate.
7. Textbook mission: Composed of State Superintendent as Secre-tary eight members appointed by the Governor; adopts text-rx-oks for public schools.
8.
9.
10. g
ren of Oklahoma Military, An on el a./a...rn.V owl of fivemembers appointed uv the Governor with the consent of the Senate.
Regents for Oklahoma College ior Women: Composed of4h76 member_ four appointed by the Governor and the State Super-intendent 0 serves qtr-4
AT R-a Junior College: Composed0 agenta for Northern 01-1411%"of three members appointed by till Governor.
.p "0 AaNA-OZA%1115
I.
_
slative provision for a general board composed of the Governor,the A-S4,-, Lre Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Secretary ofState, and four other persons appointed by the Governor.
2. Vested witm aszt-nr):av and duty to prescribe rules for the generaloovernment, - public elementary and secondary schools.
8. Principal State agency for:Determination of State educational policy.Administration oi elementary ana secondary schools.
of StateDistribution. school funds.4V=. eff k= atlOn btaox Czi
CertificatiO AwacAdministration of vocational
ff6,..0
ELTD
AND POWERS
S.
of
1.
C.
Roard of
Board e
President.
.11---
Nib
Boaa
the
.
ofof
79
gf
S.
fiHN
IMIII
IIIIII
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mom
omm
osom
mom
mum
mun
onom
mV
INU
MB
EG
ME
IME
IMIln
atom
m0
sot
A _A E BOARDSS 6. -A. LdVA VAT Vr'S A rpr-ti Vitt JUIN
1. Constitutional provision for a State Superintendent Publicof
2.
8.
=
1.
g.
A eTsr,s-a--va k-t.10
ex officio FfJ
Dy pularanti-- executive officer
Education, and is vested withthe State
generalthe superintendencyschools and of county and district school officers
PrincipalA 0-6
Enforcemer
A
e
rytri n er_
I =-I TV?+**.
fr
-1--vr
of school
Board
In-
OI DULFzic
laws and policies of the State Board.oIic oi ,h_ State.e-x
g 01 117 hera .a
Board for Vocational Education._*. relations.
9.
Education:-.. Composed of nine men-h,:rs RD-pointed by the -overnor; has control "over all public higher edu-cational institutions.
tate -toarEappointed
ff
A
DV
Textbook CnilliniSsioner13: Tr! ofthe State oar of ,atioli,--idopts text-
Pennsylvaniaownezil of Education)
1. Legislative provision for a, State gouncil ,of Educationthe State Superintendent of Public Instruction and nine other
composed
sons appointed the Governor.2. Vested with all powers and
of Education aici""al auvantar-Aq
nev._k A
duties formerly vested in the State Boardwith the power and duty to equalizeof the State.
8. Principal State agency for:termination of Sate educational policy. t
State
el
Approval or disapproval forri) alLq-1 er e r
Determination of course of -Supervision of *
Arz.0-01 U,TiLiauktictio"0,-.Prescribing lor sanitary comment
buildings.A°. A00
A
L tic Ls Li on of teachers.Administration oi educathml.6.6
Providin StflflAXdS -.-:=LLU
1nEuamons.Superintendent
of
ana
4.t eutzea.,
QAT-Inó districts.
inspection of school
inspection oi private aegreeornerring
1. Constitutional provision for State Superintendent of public instruc-.
tion z-zppoint-i by the Governor.ti2. Is mernier of the executive department of the Ste-
is head of the Department of Public instruction.3. Is ex officio president and °executive officer of the
iO.biallen n-ti4. Principal State ogPnr, A
A 0 A aRaministration of elementaryDistribution of State .e
Znioreenient acnec_t!Education.
Administration of -school
---
Gov,:rnmen and'
and cw-,-C011asary schools.
._.
L=-Af
a I ,
AN 0_,
f v ii
A
ice.
of the &at-
Council of
,,
oX+uouncift
80
Sogerinettridardi
elected voterIs of oi
out.;
State4t-
ago gvaa
e,:----ptE five members..
moaa Education
of.by
all parts a 4,
of
plans.rules
4,4
.
. .
.
State. ,
k,
-, .,.ty
h .' funds._ a.
laws' , . C
,.
,
\
State
,
6.
04,
et.
.._ - -
milm
olut
amm
ossi
ntm
umilm
alim
um
1.
9Ae
FEATURES A
boards 01 State
2nurie ri nth-"=-L
*EC= &
TE
AMES
;TM
members ofLIVA. a I 1_
POWERS
teachers' IVr-a-.g I=
.rettfoo %- -8
A VP`,".=tULL1CL
1
g.5
TVIDINCel cat--9_
members appointeua board.5 al T,Iye in
ennsylvania State Collet.Superintendent,
V
NA
a
the uovernorPublicDepartment of
Composed Vf-A. the G 6_ Ao- ff nor. oLY-IttA
beer...ry of Agriculture, President, ox-
Superintenpointed by
.= .a__if
I 4 L,-at7-
Composed Ordent (c.oairman
=
tG76=yern threeth
State
Ai ion 4,--4L,L, one electedPublic-School
Governor,plies
uovernor.seven rnernber
ireasurer.aDDoina a
niniainh Authority:State
ASunerintendent Secretary
by the
President or the Senate, and Speaker o
g _ *
control over education
F=
e board OT
a
&
& aa4& N=,
emember y
rwurement AFtso
mpoget_ of Limrc,erty _and Sup
the House.
education in theIs vested in a
the Department of
Director
2.
* e
jj'f4"-'n LI I -° tifa A___a
tne Governor.
ucation.
for
tias general swLviszon nd
Director of EducationA
usual
ofrect-,,r education
Liol of
ense.
A=A p rti L-74:
r-
the public schools.3. Is the head admini trative officer of the Department of
State01.
= .2 _rAtAuca.t.ionwhich is one of the major departments of the State Government;
al.50 ezz u V -0 olucer of vcrzatkInal-a *
Ka v...aW--aa
.
for:agent%.;1 LIA znaion
ttiElka
0, a-4 a a
Distribution
of Stateof
educational policy.elementary and
State fr q
Determination course of study.ofa Ea 1-10pa
&
a= 'ffa
ff eiLer-11
AN.S.-t- = F Lalual Ji schoolbuildi
library
i.ea4a.0ffat -LK4S, V "0...hS,"."&00------r-
a4' a% aa rffmjne
sPrriect*=---11C- .1- 1,1Th A.- Teacher== %,4 te" A_
I- -AA.A7.jA. System.tz,tling disputes arising under school law.
Separate Boardse1/4 1.
2.
State= =
rector O.
Regents:a
for Vocational Education:A -= a.. IjUL
Labor.
other n----==mons
'Ma
4-
Rhode
Agriculture aria
ra
DirectorCoE!1poEE.d OA
ConservAtion, and the
Composed of tate Dircttoa of Education and'
mre and a
w. a-== es
appointed
conies
Governor;Rhode laud StateigAUWtion
.aa.A -,As.
°*--* ;WAL-=45%,
4
4
ape' BoardsThe governing anc examinb boards
for licessins each the
made the
the College,2§ other members by the
S. Teacher Retirement Board:, State
by the board.
_Stale
State board
de
Rhode Island no
as headsr,
State d etweellkoro1. provision * State by
is. State
of 4,',;"
ofteachers.
Board ofof Die.
Boardfoltrisf wham an by k- n t-S have
of thetits State if
. s
a
and
4.
has
.
. .
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1.
Education
Aqns OF pilvicA
Constitutional forprovision= uovPrnor. t
_-_-
= Superintendent
=-=
State Board
seven other persons appointed by2. Vested with power prescribe
public school ac
Principal State agency ior:Determination
A,stk_i i of rulesrii-evotionA I a
AdministrationDetermin
oi elementary
rules governing
----acaLiona!crovernment of the
of ui 2uion co.
noonthe uovernor.
different
and secondarycourse of
Auontion of t,extbwKs.g a free orrovi m_ euta"I__ 1
C_
_ k Licatic%n of
study.
syF
rtav
4nd not more
phases of
DI
schools.
textbooks.s w
ktammistration of cational education.
118.
1. Constitutional provision for a f Superintendent of Pi.. lie In-.,struction.
Ia vested, uy constitutional provision, with the "supervisign of publicAictruction."
a 4
3. Ex officio member and secretary of the State Board of Education.4. Principal State agent fo
General supervision over all school funds.DistributionApproval of
11.
of ,3tate school funds.school building plans.of school library service.
1, State School Book Commission: Composed of Governor, Stateintendent, Director of Division of Textbooks, one member of StateBoard, and three county superintendents of schools; provides wext-books for use in public schools on a rental system.
Library Committee: Composed of the State Superintendent, the Su-pervisor of Elementary Education, the High-School V.!
-Fr Lorw
Pind four others appointed by State Superinterident.S. 'Separate governing beam lor each State higher
largely membets appointed byoon composPGezA u e
educational InsL.1.11-ihe State Legis-
and usually including the Governor and the State Sup- r-intendent as ex officio members.
4. Teatther Retirement Board: Composed qf seven members
=
foe
Dakota n 8 no State withboard
a
.e=1
ail -ex
-general Lit,L, over elnen
I
STATE
State Board ofA
a
a of of
to
3.of Statte policy.
fol the
of,
.,
Of
If
stag SIVPOrgeOntill
ft
2.
°
Separate oards
es Qv,
. Super-
2.,
the
-ofS.
IIII54
n 4,-
--.15
;.
M:4 of Education
South
1;r
A
South
-
a
I
, South
1111
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ovol
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omoi
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imili
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mi0
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Illt
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1Vel
tall
State
g 4-- 4-Iteth
ani. secondary schools. It has, however, a special Board of Regents incontrol 'f all public higher education. See Separate Boards, below.
#. a eg
#E-
Constitutional provision for a State sunerintendention' elected a-
ves the neral supervision orcOunty- and Ltwai superintendents o
(-1 4 for:et1 _ --,,rptel agenttaLt_i a a._,vai.A..
of r".1'Determination :Llta
schwls.
edu a io al policy.(.inistration ot e.ementliiy and se-condai
Distribution of school funds.-Determination of course of study.
\Approvalg - a LA ch of Leacr-rs.
1
Sell _All
Supervision of
Afar,
stats
iilding plans.library service.
(Vocationalotatre c÷
Superintendent. rresident of StateCollege of Agriculture' andpointed by the uovernor.
2. Board of Regents ot Education: Composed of five members appointedby the Governof., provided fDr IT the constitution and vested withthe control of all public higher edivational institutions.
3. State Library Commission: Composed of the Governor, Stath .Super-intenaent, the State Librarian, and two others appointed by theGovernor.
..., instruc-public
mine schools" and of
ducati_ ComUniversity, President of Sta
4Laut
echanic Arts, a four otaers a0-
2n--Ird of Education
_
gislative provision for a board cOmposed of the Governor, Com-missioner of Educationi and nine other persons appointed by theGovernor.
2. Vested with certain specific 'powers with respect to education ingeneral.
8. Has control over all public higher educational institutions except theState University.
A Printipal State agency r: .
Determination of State educational policy.Administration of elementary and secondary schools,
4
Distribution of State schoolDetermination of course of study.Adoption of textbooks.9Administration of school library servie
-omihisstnrier et Me* E.4 Lg.U.-at.EWE
1. Legislative provision fora State Commissioner of Education appointedby the Governor.
2.
/-*w
itio inemier and el airman of the Stat 'el 1 ax haw-Arlon
r)
AN POWERS
4?) 4
1.by vote.
211 Is with all
3.
schools.
ofschool
Separate *ads
.0
1 . Board Education : of
nnessee
ryq.,
_
-et
%
flands.0
a,
Is e Board
83
m;11E0-_.a_
, ,./' - a0a.0a
V
.----
ift-
..m
a ..
.---
.st. i_---
. .I. L---_
.,,-
rill
Inru
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111I
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3.
Se
also chication.
PriP Ia _
V
StateSupervision
executive
A:5-4510A* 0V LLill VIII
aorcvementEducation.
Distribution of
LL
acner
k a ..__ 04,
VI tA- A e A LL;t- ee A
Commissionerpointed bying proniovees.
State nosed ot
Fa
1.
2.
8.
the
.-
0
cer of
pdblic education.all school laws
rnT schoolers
of school libr,
.aiovernor.of the State
Board
tin
0 TAmat EA
service.9
L_k_e
.4.
g Composedrat- stA A
the State Treasurer, and six meee
=--
whom muste-4-1
r .1.n rt Qt---it isL A-4
as a- tj
a 46# Stateeach congressional
withVest&z.i the powerlish rules for
rs-As
s_wstrict, r.or ata. adopt - -notic
conrol 4AL
g
the State level except higher et-itiqe. 4_
L- =--e am--ency
,ntment, of y
be member- oft A-5
5.0.
a,..ereso nor jk -
metiers sli,t
%5,5
= -tFT =
_On,
04 vs _LI a.strr.t.,. re
---7k1-A
'0
0
of
Sele't- of
to tw: elected in
cvstem of us.A.c
ConimiS_SIODetermination or State educationalk_a
Administration of eleme, -A .
£0--sss 4, vocationalCertification of teachers.Adoption of t4xtbcy-oks.!tfC1tUt.RLiOfl ol schools.
a.
ee VA e-s-w- es A.44- U ie,==
n in approvela colleges.
'1",-711
AV* -t.4 Education.policy.
ci seronuarvand rehab l
Formulation of contracts andioYernment, and loca
betweenagreements
ools.arlAn education.sa
ql
wilLs of L.he ,_ccution of contracts for investment of thFund. ,r)
c--anization of Stat
thesystem.
Department of Education.A
rmanen
Hearin_ ppis from State Commissioner of Education.Agencyatr 2
f5 itifjErWg
Composed ofeatio Education,
4_1 =WM- 1.-ei BoErd vi
the State CommissionerDepartment ofcontrol or La
guacaLlon:e
=AA si1.01. LJULIsystem
is
Education, the State .,,,"Lle
ora a g.1-f--A A
education t"-%
Licatiori
Hm jurisdiction over all -&--.-!ue.ati nalseata or Federal agencies witiin
tBoth IV.. Stat. Educationo. and the h;_.with utborni over
a e aPPtivities e-arrle--"6,5.05
Stat*.
dera3
fo.the A
for general
on by other
Commie_4oner of A-Le===-4-4e. V
STATE BOARDS OF EDUCATION 0
0
and the, State _2, of
ofof rules of Sta% Board
-
gem4
System of of Statep-
of the teach-rind neither
4110
g, Trtfor e.s.Aril whose be
by law, for thektirelht k
- general of education at
Principal for:
,of
keti
&kola
th V.and
State agencyt. the State level."
theBoard
beet* votedcertain th td4mt. .a:1.
.
o
84
Eau-
Ech4
a
7_L
84
.
,
A
_ sole Stateeducational undertakings,chooJ buildin
AMA
,or
FEATURES
empowincIuIij
enterea
WA
5.
AO
8.
A
111
evaluate
_ #
p rov s :Cu
theNt_4 do
ft_U 4T-4a ,N
A
IA.4-*
6 41.LivA
_eeutive officer qn-.
_
-
AV-"-
the
N
s'N
enterMnhCK1L t
E te
A-. %w A, A r _
. -
into
_
board
aimcintmentBoard
pro"-'
executivema and executive
A t'r X-7. eaaucation.
Princ State a,.-t_ento ree m ent
.EIPT
Issuance ofAdministration o_L
;election (IIrfleprs
-*
t fleggagli
teachingne
g r =t-tV- Committee:Conunissione,1-year term&
Board opoinspaf,her-c,-1
Board
ee-ents tre
of Di OTIS
CornpoErei tEE/
-
o ara
_ Governor; contris
E
State
fof
agreements
Education)UIJII
programschool
auG
-
EeP onsuch
fa
of &duel-0-1
r-Yr4 V of thent T-
laws.a A-krikI Tt
forschool
the
tate Board
in State
- - -- _E_
ana ant4-01,
Si-Ae Colleges:
0
State
C4-)Infniss1onera rE
Y°7#-NA--A AAA.
a..d to
BoarVocational
recommendedthe State
of
7 thePard. or
Composed of nine members ap-msLiLuka-ons previously ea
Agricultural.he andof nine members
auu Mcchanicagents of the U
A
4111e-rPeby the governsuoventilr.r tne
its e-s We=V f=t.J -.I -a-.
t.1,41
appointed by the Governor. Governs the Statefour branches.
k nwt v.0704- e.t..;4_14-44 %A.-LC
the
governing board for
Governor.
State _ , -E
1. a. - .fia
E=
(
W--
=. :4. v.
Intend"'
= '6 6 --E-k../Orn7:.
forInstruction
1 tore 4vinV iiro-vid,-
eig
b-a
of seventheAu g,A5.7-5
1_E
et0_41,iut, No.
E7-0
ww. A=A
eb -t,---z-su byt_e . a7, reiU.-11 of 11-
se
A"
-hes.of nine mernirs
University itsle
the remaining State highernine mernmers
consistinga, g=tee.e.
k".-*
and suchx * 6 -'ap*-*. = Vla Iv.vta, v V Li' v =
regional 0-941a-_-; N... 00 1 a-NAr** a_ E
iudicial districts,and4
Dz. kJ U 1 I
j
Super-raL---Mt".i
Aby
e
4.
persons as the_Aine other men
- gWal v .ti0fft nv-LoI
a-aA a. A re, _1-c membeA for
athe general
111
V
POWERS 65
I th agency to respecting
Fulerat agriltimelitsas into by of the State Univargtya cell
haft Commission.. ofsA, 1. Statutory the a
of Education by the a2. h Tested withefficiency
ofB.
efofficer for the forEducation.
I head of all divisions the Department
for:
StateP ( .__
certificates.b,
,census.N
E.
l'a-Veiteik .
ca
,-----Soi, 2.st ea
11. Composed of 15 members
of Education by( .
.\k, ..
`-------"-
by thecolleges.
. ,, .,
Mechanicalappointed
IndB of
and
5. ofeducational o
.$vti
provision ni theof Public other
for&Ire T. selected eachqi
Z.2. Ifs constitutional with control and
r,public-ack.®
I1EM. with theE----'. bei .am
,
Utah Ile
by
1111
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F
Determination
er__A
Statea agency
Y
=F
n-1 C4 ta.. A
=
=ft
President ofDean
A
A.--
Administration
LJLL
etLilfeT1
of teachers.ofSupervision
Aa.
ionalLb
'iiry vLA I T
k
Livrir_ F
_ ;N.
Principal
WI
our
division
educational
library
A
v
ar1-ment
and with
ULL
na
SCfl
a ra9 k 147
1-=
e State
nnara
HT
rintenuent.who
veist:rtion 01 the system
--reneraJ superintendency o
nAroyal of school building plans.
Stateof College
Univeof Education
pointed I the CN e-r_, _1 .
4A leacher
1.
enent Board:
C V=k A A-a
_sloe tIrTn: -k Cr:At V
..tuornev tlymeral _etaryovernor, and
aftsswa,ionvernincr
ALeg V V,
poinTa-1-;
AVA.!-Zv A_AJ Av..; I
the
:-.3Late, one member
irt
of e rLI. orW
-ystem.
&L 0
e,E
0
in-
r I ta wk.
_ .1dent,LAI al k.foilte.,
oilers ap
for`ove'r-nor.
apPoi
thc GovernorCollege.
appointed
board ceml-nced ,..aP vA
let ;er-'enI Li
flP
X
2. Is vested with the upervision and managemer- of ihe public edu-cational system, including.the State School of Agriculture."3. noinu4.
I -&-71
_,-mmis-qioner of Education.
A -Al& w=-1 =l
9
Wir dm uns tr a t, o nT1; '1 4_
ZL4-IDauou of
for:-A State Ara =
fi- V a- 4P- -=4 nniiev
elementary ahd secondaryschool funds.
schools.4
ROAMS OF
3. billy adopt rules to eliminac iii unnecessaryinstruction in z!ity branch or of the public-school
4.
of Stateof schools.
of State school funds with the State
Certificationschool
Administration of vocational education.of State junior colleles.of ,Schools for Deaf and Blind, and
Schools.
Superintendent1. provision for State of public
elected ,cipular nd shall be a member ofthe2. Is the of public in-
thesc3. State nt for:
Enforcement of 1 w.
Separate
1. Textbook Commission: of State
and five.
Conwos of State Strperintendenof bythe three mernwers by the
S. Separate Doards appointed by for theUniversity and the' State Agricultural
VermontState Bowel of Education
ap.by
the StatePrincipal State geney
ofState ,
..==,
1
86
a
a
!PIM
111
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VIII
I
Cert tl t I 0 n
A- ,m ()!I
ryt g- ftia..1.1. t_
Fgg g A 1" 7
=a;-..; t -;:a4
1 k_ fi_A k_
ivI I a.
Z:gy Education
k-11_,Ii
FEATURES AND
--a -ea- ah
of State *UV*k_ .1 e r-s
of vocAtional
rState Board cur,le
Is executive officer0
11= 11=== n a
= 47-rent. ji# t arci.-. = A
-A 4.1kt A
Separate waa
Board,_14.
Stan) k_a
State
1
Public
of
p-el_1_111
D011CleS.
fri ek t,education
Sta *Commissionerto ttie approval tIA
A
E
t '1. .0 I.s .4 S
-1 ;-)1-4k jo;.aLe
ifi outtcarrvICY_ k A Aft lar
&nation oA course ol
IL # AIj I # I_
i=N VI or4 Cie_ I
k
State University:President,
Retirement-st A-A
S -5 t== T- 5,1A A I 4 a tA e ft!
r own
Commissioner
=,-As
1. 0 ill
suessors,
ComposedA
=TL-1 4-4,4 L #_
ofand two members of thr Retirenwnt
ibrary1
4_a=1,.- A kJ 4 A--A A i 4.5 two
EduCation
mnission: Composedpersons appomwd
Constitution )r-ovision tor apointed D
by constitutional provision,_
s N4x_14_ V.., A 1 N.- A
t_ff Vs iss A
Lwvernor
whom
aW an'
a la fa_
t Eat4_3 A-A
overno.are self
others
ana
; Irnrisioner ofof
Pul
insurance,
Governor.
a I a=LA 44A
f composed ofr42 ,e-veu
of the SC
propriatemake rules
1001 svctem."_ - A
1 %, c s Yr.%I -7i 1 VII
t schooisr_NV
of the State."
with ,thoritvmanage and
'Id regulations foras tne
textbooks anu
ncinai ,Late
i 4_7 I 4_5 k
to divideneSt the
--neral supervision1_
- ---1
management andft e r ) v
;_ ;educational
agency !or:.t)etermInslikanAdministrationiistribution
of Stateof elementary
the StateDetermination of courseAdoption oft textbootth.
.z1
Tif' o-qs
tional policy.and secon
school funds.of study.
Certification heis andr determinationin te:IUen Aupe
prescri.fr.for
of
Supervision oi State, school libraryAdministration ofAdministration ot
service.State. teachers colleges.vocational equcation.
vise an
schwls.
elk
# AA ap-I L-%,
Establishment appropriateof local school divisions or
1. Con otuvor provisiona-A 5 ie
-
nLi.S, 1,571
mai
and to
county
distri ts.
for a State Superintendent of Public In-
41
POWERS
of
State1. a of
theof the State Board of
boardstudy;
73W
Trustees of of the andthe and 18 others, 9 of
and 9 elected bythe General
2. Teacher Boa-?-41 of Commissionr of Edu-cation, Bailçing
Associatio3., Edu-
by the
of[aim
4.
members ap.
2. Is with "theState
tothe of
the schools
3. .
of
,z
of of
-71t
Superintendent
87
.
400':
1
uNP
lons
mnm
sim
mom
mns
omm
eollm
illiim
onin
alIN
Nom
mni
tirlo
ntim
Irill
rini
tmai
ritli
tn13
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iiirl
itilli
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ithm
igim
aini
m
struction=.*
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_
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y
his SV-1
41.
t".
,F"A.
-=LAVEnot
0
theOfficer1 rt f-a
and
VAI E ta a tl
memberiefirr.;i
of thesecretary
agentthe
4 -a j_rl,pro1.
Separate '4
e
A ,AN fr4-4
a_
higoverning
a _
hEILL-4
/.4 y .4-, TA fr9-ttia iia
SuperintendentState a--A
1---0Vrrt u r
3.
a
Legislative
-t_-4=
M- fr
u
IFTe'aE -a OF ' t t
Governor4_ General
differentIn a manner
State
V-Nk
0 1-1 of1)11z,-.
by the12 t.1-0 ofteachers N.
N7t- 1 A-A
-
=A s 4
---! a it
# exceptLI 4 i
Board ComposedInstruction,
Commissioner,
rd.
hree
jTT am.hin9t-c
nrovii-ion _Tor
torsccint
nt to StateAinui0- otirtR
Principal Re
I --
State
A
(to _
--TEE N. _44as_
-al
= Governor't 4tit4 t
t_
also
t E E
t
I
Uv.'ka v- , ,-.14..tL1-4:1
for ta.
TreatiuAuditor
,
V-4 _a.4; =v*
"a_=-44_1(--146*
conventions of renresemtittves.
...districts,oVer the
higher Ins_me n ts.
fA111 a t State
and
.L eimsk ration
47.1-"
4 L ; :77 EJE
11-#1-4 1 t_t fr
4r4a A-a
Sr tthe - -cou ?It e
(Nincationa1 4 ea ak...
a. 4 vs__ ; I I 1 V rt AIAu tAllocation school building
t- 41=7-1 -vV1-A ILA
Certification
IS a I-
1 _a
'2
1r44, tfi ; =iA
k_'
V--4-e a- 4 5
thougha ;
I 9%t_z
I 1-VA
oilrscs of sty,
erAC4 N4-4 4 ,-
tnev mav
iA ustructiOn
1--71 1N'rt V-1
he executive departmentY
t
PublicAcc.unts,
"teA b
composedboards
-F districtadrnis=slon
-St 1_; u
for rl '" (7' ti#.4
44=
E
4-
LI a I V I M a).
; K.7
schooLs.secondaryfe
-V t as a- a.. 7.1 fir institutions1 A.
tw-._ under cz-e4 _..., #,_.rhkt -PI\ v errt-=%p, a # i _ #. . 1 ., 1 ,-, ,_., .___-= , ._-____--# .. ......, # : .....3t. .---7----7a-=' 1 ki---311- 11' a t_ 1 el U.
of
t_A
higher
f
educational 1
Superintendentular vo_e. and who Snail
01 State`E tr'-4 -= 6 it- a °with E
A a
0 e n eriL7
be
in
of
T "la Jail-
=E
require-
teachers.
*-; _ _
ka it_S
E _fr
c_
a menthe of
t'1"-aa-71 T'A; matterst"_ J _ a
puDut schools,"c anu the performanceduties prescribe
Distribution=
a a w-4_,
#__.unervision Of
Supenvsion or
To,
law. is
school funds.n
lool building plans.rc service.
f such @pacificpresident of the
the unless z.temblyforhas
; to be prescribed State Board.Is ex officio of the eachhigher (exceptcontrol StAte Board of and Executive
theState for:
Enforcing laws.'of 'school plaits.
SteArd
1. board Statethe teachers colleges.2. of State Comptroller,of Public of
d
board1. a State Board
members elected etdirec-of school
Has general commonof teacher-
of3.
ofof
of State funds.
teachers.of even
board.of
Coordinating the %;orktate Superintends"!
1. for of In-elected bythe
2. Is bypltrt.tining to
as rn y be by ex officioSta a, Board of Education.Prfficip Lasts agent
of state 4,Carrying the laws.
library
,/*No
of
2.
IIIIII
IIFF
1111
1110
11,1
"M01
1,11
1111
4"Ilt
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1111
1001
1011
4010
1111
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1tim
Nom
eai
mili
nmor
irrfo
rrf
iii
Commissioner
V 7 tV-1- ' N--e k = rn Tr
,&-of
T _
,
1.e-3
5 t-k .
ts !
LB t_
A v POWERSsA. A N
.71 -44-5kkt
t t lentSuperintendent, Commissioner f
-
ThU- = _4_ =
board Jpoirit4Td L..
xt-t institution.TcI
_ A A
I Nr
Governor.ti
7-1 V--4-1 T.=&_=4._7-4&
Ii
I -g ;
-r uuc
State
V =E =1 U I "
4=-1 o- 10..4 1.=
ri I
14_
89
- of k_5
= fra == k t. 44s s f f
-,1-IveiCir Tor eac btAte highert:
Collegek seven, no
Makes ruiPs 1,1r CHITt
L-tjT"-A 4-71 ,A &-it-A& A I.
DeterminationEducational
'te 4-a;
e# I
f State
t
X_ X.--=
ti
#
s TOL-A
nineof 4 1-=
I L L
=
i A=1 a-=& x
policy.1 1-1 F4
5 74-4 1 of =MN-
t
of ==tt 55t-L.4a, 4
A
k k4
i.A7 kof4-2
!tilt certificationand
AN-% fs"%- EIs &
s: sf1 !k it Li 4
4
55 i-51 ,er
teachers.
4a. ys, e s
and
t t% degree-conferring institutions.Ti a I administration _
State---4 ; ----,luc_atIona
L-4
ri T=-)1 teAl
7 seven.
N X 7.A e V
A
y
r tIOW Vme-- schools.
University.control r A $ A 6
Administration of vocational.1& t _
4
T
of - t-- -n.rine,01 u.1 ousiness, and
;1
t"1,..W1 1
Acceptance
State SAiwinten==ent
exceptinstitutionsettler
the StateI - a = t nv
Constitutional1. yen) _ion
elected by -16p11 r
'Testa,2.free
A -4
=-se.4---4g1-sissec
4.---4s t,-'=X-
4 i
by cons- 7-etif
h FiLv.- =4-* =4
to
State
t_ Ili...Lt.-71i
E
1= 1 %,f V keVI
t
.7..---.-.71v-41-.--1-AT-A#0_k__ T,..= t_43s
-V V
iii C. 1k I 43
Federal
a
s, a v.-g 11
with4
AT Q0 VI rin 44-3
xxmple
And
choc 6 =v.__
items land 2.
'V.& a -r1 er
ii
witg F
:it ttA U z- I
nnte
fUniversity.
-ands
01
a member of
generiiz supervisioncountv
w=ht.ka 14
tiler
heyr. in 40
all Ttate
014.
t*-= ""5-..
_ k_rt-
executive
SO S4 is-t- t:77
1.1 y
all rs_ortritvTry A
XAr met.
4-&i-g r-. s
superin-
alma r.e=_--supervisiona s-as-= --a 4.4
Va_s 4
FEATURES
Separate goard1. State of the
of Lands, and the State Treasurer.2. Trustees Touchers
other personsby Board of
Association. A
S. A governing theEach Colleg ii! board has three
the the State
1 0
Stec Board of Education1. for a board Superin-
tendent instruction others the(Superintendent has no vote.)
the policies ofState education.
3. Principal State agency for:
secondary schools.of
al%
0-4 ationA
Approval of school plan&
of higher 1n7stitutions the State
in all pri-
Fund.finances, edu-
iqnd for
for a Freevote, nd who al ti-L6
department ofIs "general
of schools' as be1@w. h of
of
t,,I7fr)g1nia k en of a Rata State professional%mamba, from of Etcm &sy Boards,
*ft
4-
West Virginia
2.
64>
al
ones
ins:
M:II
IIIIII
IIIIII
IIIII1
1111
1111
111E
1111
1151
1111
1111
1M11
11FM
M11
1111
1111
1mtr
mr
1111
1111
1111
1111
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1 11
111
Ill 1
1111
1111
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r1 [
113'
s
Supervision
Mw
A
7,7
-
sa=
sAI I Ael- appointed=
A. 'aW V = Swwff
ts
_
tionai
E wv.E
ATA
#
structio
instruction"
elected
a-s ff ff .A AA
A
ff
ri
V
A
7-17
E A 1 E7
-hA W.
laws.
school I I -
Lg.-Lau
and1
7 7 7
A
74s
A L.ff.&
service.
t-e 7_1A
by
a_z
E
ar-.-ww iLes==
A_F
g. a_ a
"A=r
popular
5
-777yUg
4L byi cu
T
V.*
*
Education in_vs_save vv_
4A.
1--
University.
7
below.
.nteat
g
g
- .77g7 7 777s ff-
boards
elementary
ofY e-A se_A e.ve
Pc. *==,n1,;-,2, L&V,Vg
As.- wwwww* *ma=2 a V' Eg**E _--== w A Av., A A
t,overnor; tias
INS
A
4* .E.I .2_
-mrxu SS 1 on),
--11
rwe-4
otne
exbons.
zEa_,
io
Commissioninted
_
44i
STATE BOARDS OF
3. Is the officer of State Education.4. Principal State agent for:
Enforcing schoolCarrying out- the rules standards
ofof the Sta Board.
1. State of School Finance: Corrpos of the State Superintenjdent (chairman), State Tax Commissioner, and the State Director t
of the Budget (secretary) ; has financial control over elenrntarysecondary includinf control over, the budgeting -and
accounting of county boards of2. Board of Governors of the State University: Composed of seven
the itA includes thePotomac State School, a branch of the
3. &life Library Commission: Cowes of five members,by the Governor; renders advice and to school in-stitutional libraries.
State Board Educationhas no of the usual sense. It has,'a Board of for .:;olleges id te Voca-
Education Board. See Separate ar,State Superintendent
1. provision for State SuPerintendent of Public.
by vote.vested, by constitutional provision, with "the sur-2------4-t_sion of ii7-ridc
and is statute required to ins L-zt_ h "commonschools, graded schools, hiotschools" various vocational schools,county normal etc.;member on all of educational
Principal El Sate &gentDetermination of educational polky.Administration of and secondary schools.Distribution of State school funds.
course ofCertification ofSupervision of school buildings.Supervision of school 1ibra-3- service
Savage,' Row&
1. State loard Education: of 11lie State Superintendent, a'. member of the Industrial
(to and 9 membersb _te
2. Board of Regents Normal &hails (Teachers Colleges) ; Comthe State and 10 other inrstas appointed
coitroi all State Teachers Colleges.the
4
v,
Tv isconsin
a
a
/
8.
'-
by
AR.
1111
1111
1111
1!11
1111
1111
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411P
nis
MIN
EM
EN
EN
tmom
min
emar
omm
oust
emom
milo
wni
mm
ium
nan
=
Cue
Commission:-11-11=0:417"Q T Tv k =_E 7 k, _
PpOifltar--aEA1....WE car a T. and
intendent and
aucatton..Legislative Enl---g
Mining
a-14=-74_2v
A of
POWERS
v Ltie Governo
= _*a 'a --a.=-=.-77-
e uovernore
for the Stf=
Snperin- k,entient,-
z--A
y -,
Investment Boara ComposedL OLlicflM
tJain 71
7=-*-==EEA.,
Lne
II
EZA
nts
f =Et=I
. =
a VE 7a= L a L. E
appointed by the c=i)
0 =E ,*t, gd .1 I LI t=
(JOfliflUS801
Board
A t ar-E EUTI- -
the
tion
of
I I
= =_-j!L L1.111;--L_11.....n.1 01s
State_ A-7y
=_
board=
A 11k_gT
=%, and
-1.
_
ft-"N 1-41 f---tk_z- 6,--
v _n
AnDroviti-.A_.=-ME Ilia I
Superintendent,Education.
aa.A aji a g
t
teachers.
of
elementaryfund.
g
ZA
a
the Pt
LeF
anulLV
E A
1.4 1 n r
-6-6 1 it_z 1.
.,=== _
7.= s s s
theA A
ci yvI NJ A *
.0, A tneOXeCiAik__
secondary schools.
A _4g--.-L
f
--=u-auo_n -4 ATI7 =7 F.il 5 E!
_
N-11 I If=a, "CT sE
g_
-21 t44-27= -44
1?-11TIff,r11
structiovested,
nT m--1v=a A
1 LA
a
Waft.
()I vocational -educationA-Ag,_Lit-i,
_
4- 4.=ka a--i A tr- I 74--g
=&AL-44 %AOn
for aV
g y popular a..7-
rtv constitutional provision, withschools," and
of the puilak_,
Appoints the StateU-CaVei uor.
-A
1#,1 eg
-_ AI __Ks andthe
Board of Education
administrationcationalthe inist' A tration -
PrbcpiI State4.7*
A
E of= .af "a E,===
coveiior
Sheridan;
a. of
fit #
gg
fore:
te
by
the policies ofA
of public in
educational
7 A .T. ,r7TT-A!FTEEV-A.74 Ea 4 fie--'1- of rGT,..4k,aaaaa. taaa- a _ -.=:
a---.iE . .. ,- , 5. . -=, . _ .,, , I , = _. S.. =
A
t 5. =-
k.
;aft _aa -
State Superin E
rime, otherthe
air;
tiring 01
SoutheastLL
=7:7:
1
rules
in= 0u4
ard of Education.
# A11-va rit
=-417
of A 17 ka a-aLAAV Univemit-University
FE=1 I
themina!
1.--=-,-#A1r17=A*d4-AtLV
sg-I-C V -1#0
tne=
4E ;v 77.4
tne
ariation
C,---, .... ---,.. ,-.. 4.11= . r F E. AA. t-1 V..,t '.1/7-
the 4g
Center,V. A
=A -TE
A
Sheridan
L.
L A,E IC
0
for
the
a 476 - =
6
--ritw-1^LA_ =7- -= A -a- _-k4A=
m Etruiu._=-A n; ateu
.zu W'JE-4g Ea=_ ke a- a
7.
I 1-401-1-Ye'
A
FEATURES ND 91
3. Separate governing boards, ppointedUniversity and the State School.
4. Jbry Composed Presi-dent of StaLe of Statetwo others by
5. State of the State Super-
WyomingSt8L 8ard
fo oof Public
Ate the2. a of general su-vrvision of shall
he. Stateirindpai gC.te Agency
of andschool
of coursetextbooks.
of school building plans.
of
Sugar1. State superintendent
thcharged by legislature with general
the of
S. the of the
4. &Alto Board *Aides o!. edu-and reCommends and
f
the carrying outState
Sopmee Boards*lard of
the ofand vozz):4-.02 Dointsi byover centers Agricultural College,
has otherhie Ifucitiort.)
Free
01
1.
B.
2.
a
Prescribes,
schools.
Powell.,
ur":
.71
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1,11
1111
1111
1111
1111
111,
1111
1 II
III
III
III
J11:
1111
1111
1,11
1III
.Mom
moc
ZE
ZE
1111
1II
1111
1111
.111
111
111,
1111
1111
1111
1111
111I
(111
111
III
1111
1111
11f1
2I
=
5 _
_
Summary of Functions an-
s:ainistrative c-
tication anwithE e
=
V- ..-.Eliaff-& A 2
TLS
or oir
e.A.A 7. ,..,
a_ aa al
ethe
-.-a
_
State
4 =... -,- --- -- ----..- N a. c are ra= - . -
--- --.- -=Aa =E.= M _...-ea ---- ra- M W M --e--- -----. ,.-,-= _.a=-----
z1 M_
V
rtar- formind that berthi =era _
#
and Administrative
mneous impression ofAve developed :n the States.
empower el El a 1 f.
N.,
nocruA 4
twom
a
tesrth .75r= E
_ irom tow6
92
in-
maymasaa .n a I
al _Ana an.
a a a "," r &were
X *:
==.5.
MIMMIEIC
=1-1
z
4_411
1
$
_
_
L-T"
ez.=x
g
Ca 0*
THE level the moat tover public educatioli are: (1) S
COM
---ds of (2) the chief S;a!-A, ach Poi offi,f_zra. Itis not possible scope of this study te present a comple-cedi. functions aca4 utiesof Ste school aim, therefore, I. (1) to show inw principti educationaltive faseillomi pticsibilities are vested; alitt=: (4i) to indka
rektioReMyt betweei tie chief Sligte w_t4-0.1.1 o r 'antithe Education.
Pv8tOcclIt I who studies StaJJ;; sc:
in may #the se;,.4.L.A.1 prt;
exT,olls, tagt EmmyState if t -44., rc
-;fTvrfsion over public .,:_,114-01.6" or to "ri.ElacIribe the eruntstuot,?' in actual practice tke 5146 ,'_4-444_,,rtis way have lefatked
these furActions to be exercisei ky the c7Rief !We oactizg fo 'the Sttv==t-t k*ard of educLlon. h acita
cou;11-41i r!n, antliguOin.timea or emtein such beat ft (s ii-AcIA t
g;21/0:vit the Geyelit *r digree of ce-: fro)cLtilpy a -:9__,rt-;cu_7_,zr
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SUMMARY AND DUMASOF93
!£ State officials, I
t-('-LAJLL-A a give;._ to ,J power '==z-
--t----= asmuch '-, 4i-LL _ '_ = -=-- - '- A other States;-r:cr tt: p-ec::::E:c e=r-:EL :uarv. telegal ' -
_p 'a!_tnor::%? exrcIE:e ev:s:3r SJC; tav}- i=I_cl f',J%J i:iPzr i t-r- States to result in +i=A-W 44 =-A 31L
;i iE ;:i:: :Ixv&;tir a :i exer;::e v:ert-authori2 UIt±T E O1 t1R EDerV!;IUiI1 U1(1 Ci1]1tIT!Iof hc&E:Ii view of this S1tUETU.T :s a1wy ;:torai:t 11 sirc cfd1EtbtIO c tFi=e ai:ra:Ve vei edu3t:cn crec-k:W1=!i present practices and -o-iis vhicI; ve gros-ii i; in thevarious E;tate3
G.n.raI Admlnlstrath. Stat. FunctionsFr:;rr: the foundrt!c:z:s of in t= TJnited :taze ow:for Iflh1 schools Wit+Pii piT, thE! basic aniEflTJ of elM!I1 Sthte (!:CP flfl yteYY :iif woverrJnent lOrall practical mrtxwez= each :;tae= t establish an administersuch az: Eii1 :ztezii 1s It tiiy diri kducr:cifl i a sub-ject flGt : t: iei Constituticn, and bçit was reserved Sift Both 1ega theory and =rii-ciee 1Crthe most part have followed this inference.
is a prerogatjve of the State It k ui ;tfril!-tith ofsovereignty which, under the constittiton of the American States,res :1 the petr'Ie State constitutions anc statutes provide f':rL!1 establishment and maintenance ci public sch'IsI PuMic education hi fl Tjj t8t85 tflShO: iid idministered Ly Iai authority. lii the United States, a State legis-1gt;ure- iipreeentative of the soveign will of the s !;roadc:atx over edacation hi all r:th, bei limited only Iy thoseiist;tutiai pt1iion that fly ext to cirb E:=uch control. Int!i&: E!xerc1 of T::1R =rertt1ve it is CJStMflBJ ior t!ie tFUelegislature to ;'eM- the geiw=ra control, ai1 :Ew-=erv1:cjii U)i 1choo13- iii 1Iate agencies and officials. Thr3 flh1== ! s ,4 specific -: t£U uIL ji1 supervision %JLschools HI11(J 1J1ffF 4ti uiV1:Li I1-- -!:FT1 -w Ti E!=jw
__- =c:e.tu 01 thE itat-= =LTdse f theJ
Although th gaI tcry tii kii aS ttitA IU!Itt1U)11 Wftiaccepted 174V1J1 TJW QP? !tfltQ1WxK1 It YiF rS;13ILFirV br icostcj:: the States the nfr-eteeir1i century to wovide for
.4 ,
- . -.
- - - == ---- -
p
-E-
-
FUNCTIONS
State in inare"general
aa egerchpunder laws which
itcontrol to
.r
StatehoOdprovisions
fun-daeiiiI free
mentioned inferenceby lc
Education
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j
_74:
nhtistration,atAt.
law are
, -1.;4-..glotkl accordance
Noaj
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- --'''' fT-_-, '. , .-:4/...1-- a .-,4 tt , --.., 1...- 0. a. ....1; =.,-.,p ,_..... " .--.._,I,.......
Stateusually tWeyarnlit flmola
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,
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people,
and
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STATE 344fl o1 E:D-cAT:o]
the administration f schools rc!ra1': j school kard andThat is : say, a1thwh State ad
ministrators :is State of tpboards of edjcatiir vere provided for v aw arv : teyears f stte'c :ey i: ot s a rule exer iiv considerabledegree 01 administrative control over the common schoo1 of theirrespective States. For the duties af Stin rintendenthin the formative years rqic ry)jy=idl:ç ji. 4T1flh1iI41flk interestin edatk'n a"ting a guardiin of S:at school fd id makingtheir apportionment as prcviied by 1aw anti preparing annualreports mainly of a tathtica nature.
State administrative and utrv:orv control f public edatctii gene=" vec:d ii St boa or t- Stcwsuperintendent of or -both. In all States :e Sai
#A ' ±
actingI ri C- the r---1 t- ?-i g:i ! either_;i__, chief L! .
' ; f r the power r t-rA upon him ,1: A--% I. L4_j UI LFi. t.j Lt4 4Ij Ct LY LJ '1
t:.c-ity gv:; to h:r:i v the State ir1 of ):!:event the : y superintendent1-i'J VV- C Lji y jA -U
= - == --= ' . -- # =- --= E_r._ loy the nature -= and -ct-oiI are trt-i uz!
tory anti Ytir ty preprat at:orit:es in the r1±TVe t&s.
IJ=e?ermIia?1cFi CT riice:'E
1'- ' . , rAempowered,
i -' of :i 1 t' west ofLJ41- Jt-1UO iiJ'=ii £Llt_ J1 L4Lby law to :c=rna:e te tate educational ixfcies. This exerciseof the poiicv.makng power Iv te boi is in cOO!1EJ=tV SV
accented educatiorai prce. See ta1e 16. Of COUi-: DO=CYIIlakhIgT functions are seldom found distinctly separate frc theduties of the chief State school officer. Oiow n the 8 Statthat have no gnera} State board of education the chief State schoolofficer is the iinc-i officer for both determination and adrninjs-tr;tion iDf State ethicaiwial policy.
in mest St- tie formulation of educational policy is a cofunction, with the State superintendent reporting CJT1
school TIPP(15 RflUi COflQitIOflS and making riorrnnendations as toQUG'T]J policies for te corisid:rid4or and arpropriatt acth:r!=
by tre= Elta:e board ci education. In E!zctici1 ETu] t!e :xec!t1V= IUflCtULE- are :aW IES5 VSEL].:Lu _ - # -: = ê A_ 4-j, For -__- - i = ,== law provides thatiLLLth 1t-
- = T=
;:talL ----p- - I.. =- - - _ - #_ ! E == - --- a-
-= -==-;_ _: '-- - w= - =- --- - - -= - =3
deiega1:E tC 1t -eCJt1%e c!llfer the "execution of all u1e
cided jjflflfl ; ITffl h&'; cij:eclares the -tate ;oaiz1 c;-! Educ&ic'ii
.
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ate
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nate
to S
tate
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catio
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he S
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of S
ighe
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r de
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uplic
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se S
tate
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zseu
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bea
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cont
rol o
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and
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cboo
ks.
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e S
tate
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erin
tend
ent
..
.vr
tta th
eS
late
Boa
rdat
Mac
adam
shal
l"'a
scrib
e po
licie
s of
educ
atio
nal
adm
inis
trat
ion.
"T
he s
tate
Boa
rdap
poin
ts C
am.
mde
sion
er a
tac
tuat
ion
as it
a ex
ecut
ive
offic
er.
o-o tf:- BOARDS Aty; r_i
to be the -' _ _#1 i%
r_,-i Vt_4 _L _-_- body, ---'. ---- i-4I_ -- - -:F executive :Je decided 1tcr
--k-- ..t I Y T
' .i Colorado tI.t1949 1rL' r1Ut4 ICtt[ examples legal prViiur; for V,Tuitpolicy-making functions i1 t:- St- and fur
State !1-t :r:::: -rArn(:)Ig tfle In \V!ict chiet ttte sc;I t1'icer i
vith p(i)licy making it \yell \V1t1 ifl:]1r: respect,:
% iic :== Sthat e1 flk : 4: _ t common i='-! .\ := \ :: ;'' I ;: :I ' -j
Additionally. _lere -'LJ(1h:vL(! p
jJt tsv \vr1(:r-egeneral of d1C-ti()1i LTL k4 1t1 ITtniOli!it control v&r :st4n ct the :tat4i (OIi1)ir;k(j administrative a!1 tiTctIo!i 1rt 11K(1Yexercised !iy :'-.- ? T :L those whose i
g-r'Ant t:t11C&t1t)!1 1Uir1Ct1iT; t4) U1I'1I çij:;i1 jJ!(1vide 1()r t:S (!èi:''1:(-)!t t)! tt teOt)I&.
A St!: vh(-se chief State }tü1 officer I!I1;i i iS !v 'X Tt) mrti't-r.. 'ri-ii___y? -T-1 f ; the State \Ui tends'__a --i I ' ¶ J ( A ' I t. .
' ' ( I L to .
officer administrative and functions.f-!:=',1ch ::- At: :i. C:izi.11_A=i, 3fLsuI;='Jn, C (Jr(1;rUn=, Pennsylvania, iiidrttih S(kV table 1t;.
1Pc'ie:I11w kl=nQ )trioiwh authoritiesdp agree I;cvm:ri; and 'tirho:;.: t r:T: :v :rer
e-culty of the 'unctions under t}e existin 1avs of hemany States.- c'T innmirMy crooI
aT: many SE1atE It iF;: anffiiit proIIern tn 1ermIw }i&tt t&te
agency or fir iS principally for the gner-airr:nstratjve :And uuerviry control over e1emeiry and sOiidary -ct-ihL Man vriab1e eEter into the picture. G:ne mustcniisidr flut tn: general giiiatie ProvIsiOns [JUt =ISO State boardpoIic1_4 regu1atons, and prkcue tjJ'jfl 4 ,j- ?ir
the State board of education may Se incplly responsibleITh State Bc&'i c Admnt=ntk ?ot w r=tfly vtd wltb rrvio ithe rhjfr.
v ki:: z fuels -C-:
t
of policiesand Fexas in
ofboards making thechief school an administrative
States the vesrteifunctions as administrative
control with to schools the StatesState board
111i?wis,So-uth
aState 'boards but exercise
the coinironch()olpolicy-making to be
chief Statesstitutions prt
constitutional status,elected bi the and law
that both policy-makingStates Alabama, Indiana,
tiiucatitonaladministrative in education
officials, they recogniz diffi-separating
. anTh
responsible
given in-gtance,
I Dakotacommon schools. but It appears to inoperative goo, eivrive- -a 1 Staettecert. Min
Secondary
ad-
and be far asis
I
SUMMARY - --'-OF - ' w_ '-: DUTIES
i()ra Li7l1lC-t1t:)ri t:)f tkJibr ii f 1t
cr:tT:= State : it- t V
:'; 'for prescribing c9urse : :and :;-ct;; Moreover, m:y
= =-= legally r : S::- board,they i: riiifor the board by ' C}1ttT tJ?1
I:: -where:principal : Ivr e--ry i'
secondary -.-. : :' t:;:4t-ti one needs :41 ii!Tjcontrol. V(T \rflT1t1 'y' 1
:_f table 16 tri in a teiict:'iiT=it4 tl)I columns 2 17, inclusive. From c-c1uritn 4 and (E
appears that , __:a
:, ;
4---$ -- -- =-; the-
t t t ..i_4
agency for t}:t ion 11 1n(i C:':t1. - =- --- : :
¶_ - Y- - ' T- vLk
States :b- j-r performs this
LJ1ItrILJtIc1r eT IdL JLIIL?Lfl
Atthc=r:t:y tr the j1iiitjtn tt tito firi1c 'f:-)r puiiiic
elementary jfl(i cin1 schools i :St=at4 board of'i_' A the
_i in :_ .-,. . other +
-:-& L2 k J I A I ! t .k . t Ii t - In. chief school officer pay be ta e tb:1
for this IUflC()Ui (taCe Ib.. (iful.1ifl(i 1
or e'!rt ut r;tift1t\ school
z'
reh1tAd t =ni1 i rnaic!r tart of the tiithOrit:; tD administere1tiLkrit-r: secondary SfltJJ
h: cer't;':: th subject a distinction hotd Ii madebetween authority regulate the of fundstre to cflsrrituticn gchcH:and r'rr aut iir r:±*r 'ec:c L:v, t d:::school ::r:i accorti:r:r t law. T: itr function r i:y i aSe:1 Y law i'r =?id by S-
-
sChCxDl officer in practically t1l cf the TZttes. To iIiwrate1iS p-:nt a xnpr I 1tE! flTfli ZrL=
of authority and thi1y between the Shite 'oaici of ethic;tion and::tT chief state ri d9e M r re.
In Aii: ::i:; ::w iea1 i:v of : Sazi :jj c:not OTIJY t- tfl(1ird17P flh1b1li- SChO4T}IS 1t2t 1IS(i 10 flh1äiIi? sctlirac
facilities throughout LftT L)U&.t u1:4'-i -ib practicable ;" tfle ivai: i-ir:i r nria- i:-rz:-: -j I flti i'!A_r iiiflta:=-i Ji P L it
the Sati2 =iii1funds acc3r1in O Ui'V 3 -jjOfl 01 LI SUie &arc1.
irie Georçiia iaw riiirt that eacttiona1.
I
I'
LI
adoption textbooks, whileofficer in the same may
the oi schoolfunds, the schools. although func-
vt.e(-: areexereistA school Rificer.
determiningis many of
and 5to
by principalelementary secondary
about the in thechill State school function.
Fundsregulate
vested in thetheState said principal authority
6ne authority tz manage regulate
and secondary funds or "to equalize education" is
andwith
the the
board rdles,-.,Ao th; chief*State
few the allocation
, it le Education
governing the apportion-fund. duty .of
Sup-a7intinden to make apportionment of schooland
op'po-tunities .
re-
a
1111
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ouoi
mm
illam
itglin
omm
ams
a
equalized State g j4L4 a.
v
-
oupz accordanceshall determine che
nsiderationGeorQia
yr a
_ A 2 averQ__let' State school
school boards 1.- submittiwhen authorizedbudge*
the * 7E s,E
a
of Lea,hers_
theand
2=6
_ EAvaa * L . a vva
Lher= p 9 e,forms for use ka V aI
V-1 TynLLVCr=..7A-Av_
-A- rtL-AL-.7 I 0
gima offers an exceptiona an
SE-
is -a aa;a toE--4
ie.. v.pAu A6V,
I
==1
A general
vaaa A a AA
v=_
pradice. inTR P ea-- ma'_
and
. v..711 Az_.
aState
2-2 vaaA A le
Av. vv.V AL 2_L-1172-;
few
Texas
_
year ago."-=
val of 1cK-2 uthret oudgeting agencies.
A Ovidmanagement
n ial LI vp2An
0._
educationalthese ncati WV. et.
an 41-t--4 piA
-istributioninula
The State
LU
program.Commissioner
A
rE
nave responsibility;'2
tcounty
M:rth- arohna.f-atifars the
Stateprovide ,Ifff
x rCommi8sion
F.
-Fuestion sh
the Mitt:On-It*,a T-t-a-61. A -66i
present to the BA
A-2V V
VaaAurn Foundationthe other
hall
-=--
Cw. iiU
*4. 4.EREEEv a
tai -v=-1
Adopt operaing budgets on the buts a
-41Lt repo(4)
(7)ft
a- 7rssl_LA
Centralbiennial
urci foron expenditarw within
reports "Am., a,va
&Hong;
E
6,= A
1-1 rr;
ve7e ea A V v
WV Alai T1atirr of schools;
Education,
_
the
contracts for thelimits vv-within u!e=
a
= Awithin -= limits
fora
I g.=
Z-L-7 E I Lp
bthe Permanmt
tt STATE BOARDS OF EDUCATION
.6
ioy the Board ofState school funds used principally ',or this purpose.. The StateBoard is directed to local rite of.
into flye 'n with the densi--4 of population; andnumber ix) be employed, taking into
attendanceofficer prepares local
their budgets and mayby the Education.
Westattempt the
policy and the superviskin of public elemefitaryschools from the financial and budgetary control of such
schools. The Legislature 11Jis established State Board of SchoolFinance vested with financial. control over elementary and second-E schools, including control over the budgeting and accounting otcounty of education, and required that school
toy the '.itate of School Finance. Asomewhat similar system was tried in and ban-,don In few ia-Ir
schoolor general
of r tI gisMon governing theand of State school funds. In 1949 the
of TexasBoard review the
needs of the State nd dopt or promote plans for meetinghall evaluate being achieved In the
It shall, with Stewof Education:
(1) Formulate and of Control the pr.* budgetor budgets for operating Program ofthe Education anti programs for which i Ian
Legislature;(3) Establish p control, expending,
iuth adopted;1 th activities --.4411-rif--of the Agency to
(5) Establish for the
.14:on
(6) Execute purchase Of bleutextbooks, authority granted by the,n
fie
Legislature;
'of granta the Legislature.
41.
1
be
that
a
ary
a
edu-
by
budgetary
and.
instnictional aids,
andExecute tbe School
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EM
EN
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MB
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omm
onom
mun
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umm
al
The au
AEE I= 44=- 1.v.
e
with
6
rrnine threside I 1 L1N . the
ft. -4 LI
A
I-I
AND :Dlgir E
....a =
cour_-#=N. if)
.1__9
study tor ;-1-cate schoolState school
ture sees to enactlegis-
are
=
1.-FT1 g g g_e-
,g4
gaa
ti
`14 el I
offer
A
Ag A-.4=r2%.ALle =g
1..
1
minimum
State.
prepareg =
t
IS.
chief
seof
lawin
1
" 1= TA 0 0;v=_a
shall1_ IE E
LV-
1-
g
a =. a,_. I g -. ' --''T'it-1'4_4 .,- _
a5
course at asti scopearkuirelasses and grs-
minimum requirements
prepared,study
study
is
"==1-
=
uperintendent
g
I Iask A- a.
ci submit to theeiem
ta. e. eat.
L-U
Legal_ provisionst%PL.. %-
,1
ci instruction
therefrom.
Le nu
teachers colleges.
°C:h0017° and Lae
orIn Marlcause,
ci,ucation.cm: n
ta-
1 . g A&no nonp ,-.--Ta_ _N A_ _
either b,,.__ the ,_..) ___.---
exercl
ntig = Brtadvar A
In
A
a aa. _a a4_
a.
e4-
=.
ftA4=7;
1 la I,
leducation or
adopt
State :a 4
i
A
_
4 a `
4.,
commission.established
5
textbooks
f /60 a- -4
the courses
a, ut,..!Ms
this functiona_raw
= _a
=
r - -
rdstikesa
ga.a aaffa:A__rs
-Mft
the a -ag E _E--
OF FUNCTIONS
rettins-,, f 6-
B530
1.14
t ofsystem may othte with the chiefofficer, or nd i ay ined in part by thelature itself, m is the case when a fit a lawwhich either require,1 or prohibits the teaching of specific subjects
=he schools ofThe authority to ,determine or regulate the course study
public eReineent ry and secondary schools is vested by is Stateboards of educv: in 31 States (table 16, I anti S).laws in most States have miCe it the duty ,:tate schoolofficers to or courses of study for the approvalof the State board For example, in Fqws the S,t,srSuperintendent prepares, organizes, and recommends to thekoard of for its approval, such minimumrules u he may find necessary relating to course ofinstructional nd he execute such standards and lel
adopted by the Board. Similarly, in Kentucky the Statefor adoption by the State Board Edu-cation .niy to be
I the of thefor graduation
is directed to, prepare, to be-of courses of
for and secondaryof
aA P:=4
half the ottextbooks. In Stt
boards of byy_ usually' referred as textbook commission. efereae
to WO 16,r
yrir= ite see thated are authorized of
and that b a few other Stan opt4on ishands of the Slate textbook
f havecooperative ii r r ei between Stale btrri ad etState k onuCulo For mange, Cai`fatmL,
xsi _._es doand th, of Education. is required -2
fr&
on andState
the of Study
; be
in
State
as
of Textbooks
aa
and it Stateof ito inStatzs, textbook
A close orof
in theto textbooks
Board to
1111
0111
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1glig
lIT
IMM
INE
11M
V.;
E-= in a
E.ASTATE
Nevada
E'
reeornnuanra & -1.14
to
#
iti
eure rias
educatoradopted fn f n P, , f A-, a A =-:,
A i
\
_,sted in ne .,, _-_ ,-., , a.
adopion of book&
in
Study
A- Avt tu(vLra.-- .ae
forCommIssion.
E
Governor.determine
study
a Lexwookexamine textboo
re_e
boards.
the
3
certification
_remaining
,_a
tions.joint
or approval
1
vernin
s
U
chief
and certancata,,L-LI dent
Leachers' ficof Education,° P
classes 2=2
"t-E certificates-F -
the State Bore13He y= A A A
Superintendent
=f"
anu
If-13
a-- a--
..r
..1".= 2 g2,a,W 4
=Th*FNA0
andtiVii
to
Eli P10 A- A
makef
recommendg
t-r-`0 Vi%.; LOL
thority to matie the aci"c-=
T
1Ea A
tez in accordance withis empowered
requirand
issulngottiMS.
E05.-E
=
New
p
VE:-T EE States
certification
2
-3
_
officerad of Caileavioll
"Li
A
of
ef State
uLD
ersInstruction
alesin Alabama.
rules of
-
certYork
:ssu2--fithe "Va Er-s Board
prescribe the types and_ury nd
Aboth.
T _
A
E
it
6
-;.4
= .
=
t
I I;
BOARDS EDUCATION
Mona public hearin before making any adoption of textbooks forschools. In the State Textbook Com
is composed of embers of the State of Educationand additional members appointed by the Utahhas established State Committee to whatchanges, Sf any, shall ite made in the course of
to Theprovided of
to thoseState Board ; has
the legal
fortificationLe6 authority over tlie rs has been
boards of education in practically all the States that haveState the States this function is vested prin-cipa y in the chief State sch.. officer. in -f!=hich theauthority to regulate the standards vc1 theState boards, the actual 'issuance of cerca is usually handledUy chief State school ()Tice actin for the State boardeducation.
I 'both the board and theschool officer. often exercise or cooperative ._.sunc-It is customary for the State school prepareand recommend of the State
the training of asFltriii th State of
which t*I
is c t : rL.riT -with the duty of prescribing rules andthe of teachers' y the
The Attire makesthe duty of the State Commoner of Education to prescribe, sub-
to) of the State Board of Regents, regulations
h BuildingWord of the have legal requirements for State supervision
I.
control over the of school build! Th laws
A
aand
be
of Teachen
to
ject
!SA
Plans
States
1111
1111
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11*1
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-101
1.11
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1
T
visions of Staings in general.
the construction cL_/
V t.ta.
States,4- 4-
a
e required TA.:F aja., A _A_ t-
-overn the construction
te boar!.
103
but in someio certain pro-
supervlso..,plans a
can%.A
school
- .4 A
_
over-;ons
n in approximatel.unctions are
departing frounder .c.e
vestedeither
aTa-ag fa-g. _ag a-- A
V" W,A,a_.
States4
, k
trend1
1V .e-sWU
2at
W vested
4
A 4
Government tn
E--"a
Q." =- A A
WI
al te Dua1rt4a 'a
4 4_4 4 c
a-,
In
.4
t_Lf4- a
aV a .
for36
VI-gag- 4 A a
4
rationalcation.
I4f0.a 3 Aa-g- to
-a foreducation.
educational
have
_I _
wag-a a g
A_ a
ra7._ri*=.i V 1 controlvested 0 9 general1 La.
a a1. OF st 4
this ==O IL4m,,i
=
colleges.In cap u-L v.I
--e re under 2 .1---- -7 =
n -I
a ---aa .' 43 a 'ff' _--_-IN. - f a ,.
a
4 aa a -g
g
=- f
Aa aboards
_
== a=
A _a
a a ff
4._
A0 a a-= .-
SUMMARY OR AND DUTIES4
are many ewes a part of the public-school clIt'eStates school building plans
laws that of public build-
Varying of administrative or controlschool buildings, their
are in of?$3 n n about 20 other States suchin the chief State school officer.practice, p1a6s he construction of buildingssupervision o! the State Planning Commission which is .=.f_41 separate
,/, .------
!Pt is probable that in the few States that lack specific / &;le provisions the. State board of education o the chief Stat, f-,,
-3school offiCer, by reason of ffeneralitsrms of the law, exercises t--1.pervisory or regulatory functions in respect -to school builfiingplans and construction.
//#
AIRv- = et=- Accalti
,----
The toward the .aUdition of separate State boar&The of education in
is by law t: duty the2UiiiS1flg the of the .
era! Vocational Education and Rehabilitation Acts. the i cl.LIPJ- in-ing 12 States special zd for this pu7--potie avei,n(table 16, cols. 2t d 21). In 8 of' these 12 States
the are o State *sari* for general Hence, in ally 4States having State Tnern_l education are ±-t,-.43
az-ate kter for Tocatioi*a
Higher Education
Seat contrli, slier Mghe 411.grezo of tive and over
institutions StateFor a brief summary of is in-
table 3. coluni 22, 2,E, L-46, and
1. of theSta teachers
the State board f eduis vested with some cupervision ov
-2--tmera1 ffta buri xamee-Uo
control ofr States the ca.dhere colie some
overlap or are
in
degrees
tional
Itr4
institutions...Varyingedu-
all
States
Imm
umm
onm
,.Im
Prr
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Iluti
it! tt
,trf
fill!
III
ill
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11
I 111
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l mm
imm
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r,or
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4Win
did0
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tTits-
A _
A
vest, t
1 ..- - A la 70 A
=-_
7a_ ;_ =4
A =rer -5 7.=
= interestingA X.=
higher
5 Fe!
e7.
-=7, ;
a -5
Jaime
5 Effi-
aa tata =
-.
institutions.
=
w
ittr----a az--_----'--_
a _a-1 77--
-=
I - - -
-a;
r_-
=nts o
7--
3 ===r
_
=
a
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=- --a - a_
-74 -14In
$WE. ;
- -5=5-
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=
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4 a_
aL=-7
, == =
_
_..T.t=
=-=_ governing
ff. 0-'==- .-=---= T-7-AX ._=:.-_--= -.:- _.-_ T7--_ _.--_ __ 2-L-- for _=_L
A --=-- -m-- - a-_'_. _.=_ --=_=- ==--_4
- _- =__- -. - _ _=_.- _ -11 ..__, _______ ....__. ____ ___..4-41-ie
-._ =.- __-_... = . __________.. _
#
=
*".
ETAT% LTC-4710N
Irl
wit] Bey-ArLt tiLCoi iit.rol
rulw gove Irirtwwith
areo(771yr
Uteat with crenere rui th- _ ortnIL of Ecil cation.r%_---ickent the administration f th itate.
institutions by 6-A State 24
AVO
f State of Ed kTe-o ai of p& control
State tional p64m-wt. 82--te SA]:
tc, which c= mernkn *if th
in X421,of Jw;
eZa--1
f et
Edth L.' Actd
Ate' of Fd cailii pplatko iI_ coursesURP,Iner ainin In the tate of Waski7-74
-L
s._
Board of pprove entrance rwairern-Meter mlucati al institutions and nu.-y pr;..izerfa courses for 'VT@
colleges of __Mon and for Oa sr:I841,1t* universities ::irli colleges.
LS States public teachers clew are dseparate State board, generally referred to- as a State te.T,Ate
Boards of this 12'--ti are .--.1,-i---:blialleo! p:mi,rity fotion of t-_-;t:her-traini intlbaY u. (tal;le it 0.1.
a
bdiAn States the
_ ésis of ail pu4lfwepOdon in a fa-
few tat__!tuUtrias vested
24 ce the indicatesare16 4VkWAWA-a (table L
A r-
.2 0
ijUtTiOfl k'-ner
I--
r'-Z f4rr7-7.44
d ion& iDatiH iamraz,States of the State university.
n functions ta
)
144 education (WeemAi ,..7ztran
The law of app er--- ,;,tbrC 04L-11
OF
functions veste-d, in For examnle..Florida the State Board is with management
, _
Of the higher educational institutions and to make,
them, proviaing that.. a
of
of rontroi tnecky offer- an
by State. boardsEach e) ,ge
h&-i a governing board, but
Educati9n, worx ox theSthte
inBtitutions.
of State
Statein the
the controla
college board.
26).
n
2. WI- echwationa2 IF8t1WtiOILL &PProxi-a State board of A
TYY1VT VI I
tha ofhave al_
in the Stath boardthat mmt, State
under boards.StateE. ,L1
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1111=1=11
S.-
A.A
=m
a
with
/ent
rant
_ _=
ot
_
nat_
.3 3 a_
aaA
g
ofte
n
iff j er
cn a
need
it,nn
s
_
Stat
es
orga
niza
tion,
=-t
-g =
==
A
v
-
-=4-
_-e
on
form
s
are
uu-
-
77_-
=
A
=
Par
t
VII
z O
bser
vatio
ns
and
Con
clus
ions
.
TH
E
CO
NdE
PTS
rega
rdin
g
Stat
e
boar
d
of
educ
atio
n
chie
f
Stat
e
scho
ol
offi
cers
pres
ente
d
in
this
bulle
tin
are in
thos
e
expr
ftis
ed
by
Stat
e
scho
ol
surv
ey
com
mis
sion
s
and
by
reco
gniz
ed
on
scho
ol
u s :41%
Um
.
and
are
not
only
tent
ativ
e,
but
to
mod
ifie
d
acco
rdin
g
to
need
s
and
in
Stat
es.
The
stud
y
does
sugg
est
ther
e.sh
ould
be
unif
orm
ity
amon
g
the
br
in
thei
r
prov
isio
ns
effe
ctin
g
lega
l
stru
ctur
e,
and
func
tions
of
thei
r
educ
atio
nal
agen
cies
.
Rat
her
rega
rds
the
as
labo
rato
ries
of
publ
ic
scho
ol
in
whi
ch
a
vari
ety
of
legi
slat
ive
and
adm
inis
trat
ive
Sta
te
Boa
r*
of
Edu
catio
n
Why
a Stat
e
boar
ditB
oth
expe
rien
ce
and
mas
t
wid
ely
acce
pted
prin
cipl
es
of
soun
d
adin
inis
trat
ive
proc
edur
e
favo
r
a
gove
rnilw
bow
ed
to
dOer
min
e
polic
ies
and
niaj
or
adm
inis
trat
ive
actio
ns.
Publ
ic
educ
atio
n
a maj
or
ente
rpri
se
and
like
any
mai
or
busi
ness
stan
ds
to
bene
fit
by
an
over
-ail
gove
rnin
g.
body
.
A
Stat
e
boap
i
af
w7u
catio
n
resp
onsi
ble
for
adop
ting
gehe
ril
'and
maj
or
polic
ies
K
wnf
ority
with
educ
alio
nal
law
s
shou
ld
be
of
grea
t
valu
e
in
the
adm
inis
trat
ion
of
a Stat
e
scho
ol
syst
em.
It
shou
ld
be
a
high
ly
usef
ul
agen
cy
iin
sepa
ratin
g
legi
slat
ive
and
polic
y-w
akin
g
func
idon
s
from
min
idui
al
and
exec
utiv
e
clai
m.
Mor
eaei
,
if
a
Stat
e
supe
rint
ende
nt
or
chie
f
Stat
e
schw
l
offi
m
h&s:
the
coun
sel
of
a Sia.
te
---3
ard
of
educ
atio
n
the
mir
nage
men
t
of
the
St4t
e
aloo
l
is
mor
e
likel
y
to
be
flex
ible
,
adap
tabl
e,
vAlll
bila
noW
,
and
mor
e
near
ly
-rep
rivi
enta
tIve
of
the
inte
rest
g
of
the
peop
le
than
if
the
supe
rint
ende
nt
alon
e
dete
rmin
es
105
IIIIIM
1111
1111
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1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
111,
1111
1111
1711
1111
11III
IIMIft
ram
ffilll
tIm
g lo
lunn
nIgn
riairu
n,'1
1111
1111
3111
111f
il:g5
iiiiiI
IIIIII
Iiiiir
iiiii1
;11,
incu
illuo
mem
meg
anis
sios
taui
tilla
iiiiii
ti311
1111
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1111
3a01
1111
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1111
1111
T:1
1r17
1:.
K; STATE BOARDS OF UCATION: a S;tate 1oard of education if it ir comioeed of?I rms expire tit iltThrent times, i: a
j trv!:t ET: chawe oIcies there i m;board of w ;-ce= the chief State school officeriLj iCA- &, 'it: ivt-it:tt;u UL LL%)LPJ1I1-UtU L11Y IJv LLw;L efltirtiy
by T tar=of - - -= -. - : = =: _== _-_-_ : __ ; -_ _- g
_;- - it - -- ff: w-I- = --- - - =- ---
.-'-- _t ------== - - -.: - - ---
eEz OF ct be
amid _____=----- z, general e:k . , S-:--
-rT -:L 5::r:Ev:E %V.. [L±: S:-flQ;-
that t'ere should ict a xicfri of State :'t!Y v --
VViLJi public education.Lieu1- UUj1uI1uL1uiI t1HJ
cneçuent ineffective aflOfl )fteI; cc:iiitaiiv icr: af kTVMt!cIcitv of ;De4ir!:k )f4r: rR:1Eia iTi ame=ii tI!;e
i:- = - -- == - . =iC would seem that ? t -LLL
z,=_ -u= :'-1 At
iie results :xiI De eliminated b gvig the t-te-of e:Jcaici cci:t:aI cf te IZ: PCTCM1 1flt?1it3of the Stat=e Tz= p-gj t-i Sfjn rir }=ru1dits jur3d1ction public e1e-:iii=tir: and :Eccniaiy schcxilsedU:EtcI1. residenb'al scioofr fcr tFe deaf ar1 iIind. trI:z:8ciKo1s for iiveni1e delinquents, teachers cc1ewes and possibly a1other [J[1JUC1 supported IiiIm educitiona1 ixstthiticJn&
There is, ho R djeT%P (J OtflflIOfl i8 to Vc=!i:F the E-tatebardi of 1ucation should be- control of the tat schools ofhigher education other than those whose eMef function is to iwepare teachers. };fl cme States it ny nçit immediately fèiihto place all th supportxi hig1er ediicaticTial institutionsunder c:t:-t ' røerly =cir eflèct've= ii- all educat areaa.
c;oiisit:1erition Of f having only e =:tat rarãall reas of educici shcitthl I accompanied b' ccis1derataon
1. The and ctxftci o: the ard !ii order that t briebt to 7O-: i1 various eductionai arsa included under ftg
_. +I %A* , : = - -- =
=
over all areas of hicadon jtip cf rb
Power!; duties. -der present Stite Ut icyws aniduties of E:;taxe boarL c;: education vary from iEiv soin Statto numerous powers aiicE dut in other tat. Stite =uivmissions and many other educational authors hve made
concerning ga1 powers and jtai cf ft bit1
.I
=- --=== ---- - .----- .- - --- ---- - --------- - -- _-:__ -_
="- --
---=----= ___ :-
members valuthlagency 'n r-education, of,
disregarded his suceett . however, there tst
should should ecan
oncommissions mcwtit authorities
::: ,
tir lack
d lb i_., L
generalI
9
7 maE
tO have undvitt.2.tion
the Nerd because sonspublicly
-yr-a wovthe question
for.;_."....r.-A1
UU-I. 4tit
AL-igeno11-1
jT4J
and the
a
rnendationk
cora-or-
State
a State
agre-ement
that
boards not prop-
:
sin may
havinghead area.
and lawsin
1111
1111
1111
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1111
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1111
1111
1111
1111
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1111
1E11
11E
1511
- - - - -.-
i
t% Ilona A=- r;Ui J1 :- __! _
A, , following
= ; --- 1 5__ duties: --- : '-
'- t State J ',= of -== _A
=_:- -
: ---- L1! (F &=
a ;:_=:iiw uJT1! L-(=J
t__4I_ duties iLl
' &T;:;:t
= -Ll
! t!i
c: i::z- W:1M V (JZ w:: ;;:
J:o OTfl t1% itfl i-: oZ eiict1en upon r
u L LUie school ULlrL Ac !!I tt: he tic-vrc=r a 'uc1gt c-vrng tLz- -cesrv
eu::Jc:::;c!: 4;C a ie ett::g icir:rUI _L:=: iw j:[L:
== -= 4 4, Lk1= 4 - Ø under control Uir-_A
£ ALU 1= * ; ;---- of k t_-=L "UI 'un ; --_:=
r,i To rJtfliiini o L1 juvuritjr anu tzj Legislature -
i_Iv MJ; U ::- ) IJi 5zU itiio fc ririh i;jts to be tatizht tJ elmeitrv and ocondarv
11oEnIot eu&D*ticuj -f
j1 youu
£ adopt, b_I_i M-
in tne E:i tw rc Tfl:;aL 4
I To h I=A p_=L: AL L , V := L L Li K
&
-1 funds i-ULLI purposes.apt TW &T Tu1Uoni for the construction f ehc-1
16.
ToTo
& - T the certification r
L J4
dte=iiino
&L-L=I I. jz
a!1(j Ioct;zn- of
.
state tahi='.Lu To i=Ll final 7-yj theLI
L'l IK=Ji
1s O! tt u th.- lawi rt1athi tc the sebooI tinder the bosrd
r 'I 4= ____I =rs-i.
r-f f!t!rt:iny:ik' laws _i
y- r=vw1 nf nIi c'nthr Hii -v n9riu':i dir-
I - , =- =y r w -
-TEr- y FTI f- I& i t flTrr F W- T ri W! y r,J a
full tz A I.!f3: eacii arcr c=i itate
I
- rr _- ___.
-C
sar
--000110-
Ckr*Aa-ITATIO AND CONCLUSIONS 1W
toaze the hat e
19AY t
. T
a 0
14 "ex o-jtas
To formulateblic schools.
44-Alopt _T;olichs.
an pres ribeTo point chiefxwi rmity wtt 8ua:NE1 l .
:emirtation the chief Stave officer, tuck'are detmedand tinew'-n-:alTi-conformity Stae..
.zry and for the government
of all its szarthe
em-aseesef departili the anious:tz_te famds should too to_e tac- districts of
, _I-z. st,,c, are ttee.
L o 142-m.State such
lAties as of theutter its jurisdiction.
schools of ktrEi awa.TO
ofTo
in
ed .det,-grial opportunities among
State L-w, rake -aldistribution
govern-
& 7;4newt
IldirE:7-,
--a--q7ARia awd
-17. To tta
sWets.
tep2e4147-7,,,
atersitting elf schools f the State._s_74:4A-17
seniwit Ittrt schools and
041
7.Elprt.
UP 7 1
r
general2.- and educational3.
_
upon theto him as
rules lawgn- its
6.
oyms.
the
bc--as the
a- o -vols
the State.with regulations
for offor
14. To
15.-0*
colleges,of
juriS,S-7WWv.0
are comp-I-jai with.
a-ULWULT1 t e ego or r%
bv Crinvertions Of local mthwl aClny or by W., State=-
V.
iTii
III
III
IIII
D if
fJlI
III
III
f717
1^77
r 11
,1 1
11.,1
1111
,,,11
1.11
1111
1111
111,
1,V
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
m11
11 ii
1111
111
II
litI
11
-fp-7_
AAft ,AA Fff.
=
T-appointed=-=
who=
f--=7
E
a sixxir:or imtp.nr-n
__L=1
ff __= -
"7-Z71
,=
- .2==_
STATE BOARr F KliUCATION
be centralizeti in the executive of the State. Th18 theorv, -however,is opposed by lezislative wends ,rfs of school authorities.ElectUon by the people on a nonpartis_n owiot represents moreearly than does .nuointment by the gvernor a direct vApressionof the pple's interezt in the control of the Sf---.ztea school system.This method, however, if ft r&quires Its candidates x mmpaign,is likely to cost the State boani some highly qualified persons whowould accept an appointment by the toi V -nor but not a candidthat involves campaigning.iLion conventions of icvai (-A as in Utah andc-Wa8hingto-n., is a recent met.hd wo thy oi consideration and study ;in a State having few school tyrds, it simplifies theproblem of getting men and women of high qualifications
regard, to politicAl affiliation& This method, however, vio-lates the principle that the bard Rhould mot be selected by agenciesor persons are subjKt to its authoriState laws, most ediwitors RErrr_T, show,. not 'provide for exofficio inemixrs. However well quWified a person w to serveas a State officer in the position to which he is elected, it doe3 potfollow that he is qualififti to serve on a State brae of education.or Lat he is interested in doing so. SIT; is eleted notbecaum= of P iitnezs for State tro_fAr'' for ms
nez,s for political office. Moreover, the duties of Sta ethe rovernor and .1 v --al aresuch -r7=-4 to raluire so much of their thne that they can eive onlyincidental attention to duties as members of the State board ofeducation. rhe chief State school officer should not be a memb-er ofboard, sinm the TLI.mon who is to execOe woiicies should n-otMenther of the board that detow&finx8 the
Vhe otate bvkirli of elucation should be a tvli Tin iningrenrcznting the people. Educational authorles generallyremnend that it nhould be corzuosed of laymen rather than edu-caw.- V%us at A A t_Dis nu LW ..h
Ert cl_"ftkm-4
the jurisdiff-imi OT
the board are ofcabonai institution& it 15a
ea.= I a
uld be a member of it who is und_rritE Lers cortung Worewnee
to rely on Drams]nr-P, but pow
theymy
benfoyh members be
w ,-:a I L-haiT
04.W-4111K=s- .
can et au the.thArr reecl f-j-try--sm th. & -.4=4
Crilv 0
Numbw of 04, LA.
2reminzekend memmrshim of inv-en tyr
_
boards
an
U cu%
fl
Information that
uzvey gCowlmmions usti_wivfliUd C.-1J ur 4uuuu
.
ANDri
of education. The board should be large enough to be xciueiitat:*e c-f the educational ;:crsts which r must control itn thest4t Iju" not so large as to be toi heavy.,?T_____I _, _A_=__ p_i_:mcfE- i:r ci cre xr a cfloO. ctr ii=r iA
? = = -: the -- -lake - -= -=- ; - on - - -='i&L1j U 1i L- 11WUJtI U1 JFjj:( hJj!-
:__ 4=: of I orLj i1L? C*r ;iVe :e tt1rnenibers= Whiit tile length term. dic:iI authorities ree'k== r t- # ¶ continuityA
L=- j t ; fp 4=a T:;=--= -- .:T W. & - (A -=- = ---- I = members.If t;-- terms i= r a !!AO1V T Tf tftrte, t:'lrt? I ZIG aegiar sudden Inr n;v i:hands of a rievc c! xrcecj maj:rtv that wi:z be :revc-:a=tionary 44ct= i4 evolutionary
mei:rs should be provided w-- :efor -__t --- - --i_- -Y
=-_-;- ;__ -& M i1 U-A A ' LJ =-_ & ! I i %=- =4
board xti:-- y: it6 =-! =- F__- -- % 4 p facilities. '
t}tie 1J S;u=t: hej1T: 'OI fJ2jt}I U adIn1IIE;eEr the= a might - reason - -- -- -- - = -=- n - - - --:t: regular = )State L;-_ ==_-! -= -_i:-t not - - = 1: =_ -1 _ and since - meet only:;- %rJe -tr Zip
and , A _
.
- '-! --;::- year onlyji a =
- iW=!I highly r_ ='-- -i::-- [;=:- - '-
-;_wi11icr .:.tkie :a%-mfnt of a salary see:ns J!:::,:e&sary It is doubtful that;rcvsic-z cf a&-iries ór State toar!1 znernDer: WO!iLi iitv U
Oi the boards. hi fact, ne*:r 01 !:e boari yht. beleas well qi:ified, since a small s-i1ary night be an n±:tve tounsuitable xrsts to eeek aiwiithiei;t. Exrjerence the State;and in t±e c:es ha hrn tIt Dublicminded citizens have nc
deterT1 irorn e-rvmg on t:ras of nosary is attached to the: position.
A study of s1tate =aws over recent decadesreveals many egai trends whic=r fct -ariou aspects of Stateschool :=ç =gi rjyvt- ie legislativetrends In + }=
L An increase In 1satIv activity affecting the cn:=ftjc, aE;-tt oLrd5 o: Wucation.
2 The rtrfctkm of S!te coi;trci oVS hizatkvn h th. i]ceor (1by h: iVtV1 -f= hJ e _- : -=- - ----fWi p Sthte =-d h= - == : - __- ==
8 The aI1iti cf crt x ok E;=tate ard4T_ The removal cf all ex officio beri rom Stt boards of education.
. .. : - ..
------- - - _j=___i= i__.___=_ ----
40=VATIOWS Ci4Cr1JSTON
theespecially thcit
ofi2 of membership
67 for theof members t same
against in the
naLure.Co Elmsatis
rfunction &etc*
a sinceare
:s serve schools of their State without remuneration,
AtvA-1_:-. the
I,
iziticx!o mit.r;
governing
.1P
education
administration.4-= the State f education:_
---rt-uti-mtitm ad
&Mite boardstrft-
)mr,- )
:-*ke
constitutionally
r
1 09
and
a
a
been
Remelt Trem-js
are ofevidence with
or-
andof
1111
511
ril 1
1111
1111
1111
111t
., to
1111
1111
1111
1t11
1111
111P
1111
111:
1117
1111
3MM
I tim
mny
mm
rti 1
1171
1111
1V I
I III
',11-
1111
1111
1119
1111
1111
1117
rn
17II!
!11
n
I 10 R:;A-rI; +OJ cp
b The , I I 4 t C- =- = __I === =- ;= ; I
f '-_Ii i=I ;I I i-J==L UA kM1LJI UL
-
i
-
L =I- t1 i- V Lt- 1I L U 1
Selection =- : ==-_ ; - =-;;J1 s-:-; -;; =JL ' i
. I= .-r1- -- -= -'= -
r = = -=-- w _____
- -- - - - - - - - -
J
i I Eff!-rk;L!= tItI c&&(Iw CLfIi
Education Ls rc:sv ZItTh =tAL9 Ifl Tfl&flV
-- e =
; ! := L: !
becomeT' Lif' T
fl:=4
- - - - - -
the most : A
T1= in
= & =
Ti T t '1A-_
TJ_I
W1 judging fromI
! however, ' --- ! - "-
F I ( !-1 -V I =: Yt 2 t because=- - ' '==Ytti iYT
-F
office , =- =-- very== , __j.
-- ----
L4 V iJ %- L4JA4 LV.1 jL Li LLL
=
' -
Lr1ur[I tt=: flMfl.
s-' " '- t '- --- r
the g!-
salaryiJ
-
1iMk
- -
T!-I
I WL - 1! 1-rt II- I in 7= I=-T I E}=I T- assume the TTTI TWTT T1I that
L; fts 1L= consideration EihciLIlcI be given to the matters:__
c#=-1; ===---
:-
ii' ti-E S _IL
omeer! tztc!: !ri vi'te. tior bv L=!)VtI(fl ±JT1 TV tXMVJR? VUI IS
leastIWDS theTie
&method : ac:riti
i;V 9trtfeir 1
hi
tmtthri anui in S4 schcxi ;iirvev reports j *nr 1w th
:, board U i ti i L £- i)7 k,g --- jii form r#
IJriitd ( EcIucation:'Yt- of
t mosta- a sfT
-a the - -- m t .r r n made , w-4, .nasaa that this
directlyL
LLL i:kti I I1Y U V U.L !!1 UYi
- - -.= -=- -. T_ T_ :_ :_ . =-
left tints 1A I I L T 111 L Ft
some partisan -= = w
P Tf1 lEt T T= it Y placate= &_- =
L I i1 _ Lt W-
- -
I L LJ E V LL1 A
-_- -
U M ILl f
- - . = = - - -
tT motives, w WI ! I I
- - - .== - k r ----I -j-----:---
%_- -- _____--
a. D-E4 d t L1 i io-State - = =
-
-=-=- =-= --------------- ,--=---
-V
n
I
-
,
ED 'CATION
. of
late b-
Slate boal- 4a.
4
. cd &alto10.
t i chief schoolpn- State;
sone t L nc, early
W
r
makes
Ol t. sth ofthe j often
Stateuniversity prftidetta.
ue i tte o thttpopular appointment-4-Inent by
appointment4 appointment 4=
F-`
Vole_7
.e-Th
(that of A
P.it
=,4
tthI (04er)
tite= rti g,
_
=ucational policies the
miga,
. . ir e(Om ehfun
cm. ti=.
.we4,ei
=-1
Ade.M.5
_
A_
L . taw'
hav- tvo
asen
____, ,.trilt, 4._ or
evorawe=
MEE
lE1111.GE!"
from onktards.
&
of
_move and of nera1 brkArds
nu te-Am
not a rvz ;
a major of State businwa. The respon-State
so con-
theto
salari&s 5 uerintendenL
f-
,1=z1A
tc_htx)1State board
thedesirable, little
by school adminis-
per
Office chief be a offloasubject e;-5.
as forsooth, the suth everr.nd as if people would
in ail often
faction orof State.
th aon um"
nrorin rnition
Wanata c K-Z._.tka. no&tia Mkof
e.
,
1:
t
g
ft1 Detiong f
if ther
VI idfeV CI-S_
4a,
oie, '14, if tis State.4,
!;,_r
7
ea2 Un7,4; bOrla tO tpartnP *trteli 1110
wtlettil admi-t? I Stare g67:CI1 officer ShOtdd
tram the zountu at 1J..47e as are 4.-F, kt-uol vrintend
SiALki. school -Scar may 7w.., he likeLy, -ari= hmto have opption, at the primary ---,:-.1_
to hay-- pmsitio at ibis `-'--._.._.
_ at ------- kiA ,,_%9 States in which
result cd ___
N1340 efficient1±erin 444, r 14
2
uhd LA
that 6,to4
Own officers
ak
111
theof
_nli)gtAP
thodquaLth*i for
State I--e e
---=alsijr .411..m.apc!,--- -- _. .:a--_ ,. L,..,,--_- - W:Mit..
. 1 ._ SeMla to 1e--irit 5,11,,, _than in, any- 4-----
checking from 1-±P to 1028 ftratast "WW.1 W---. in America" tile13,14 t6Ce! Ur60 haw, held t --_=-, sito that state km. a %m;fmtwi-tante haremm,=t-s--:--_-.4 lwrsulia of gr.e4, -174-w much mare frogmen Lag, .,
V_AWITmUkTiL. Sri 1; 0 to---itArit-,
net
er
true&TA- as
A.2' ;-4,t
*
nu. of should,
I r tZliUr
_u-tiiraftrate=
'
ARE Mft di
vat inti fir
office.
a'441
_g_r5
C
ial
election
rai prov'.for a neW
Li duties o'any new ur far---ren,
for
given
amew_v-p-atiftt4z5-
years i-1.'z.r1:11'20 A u, e-:
AnItet tenure
the toutv;
jr
11:147aN 054
1MM, 8 er4t1
A 7
=1-
-
Efr-- A
the-1-M and
tha mcd*it MU_
am_fr, due
Wim g r=o _
4
U-LVX31-
maw it urT
OPZ.F.-R* D
chief State officer ts eIected by popular votelimited in n
parties. They are in to resi-Al%rt, authorjtjpq in
beand
how an1.4 t-rm expires,
&id is certainThis esptial1y in
there are two major poliUciii yea,a OppQ8ition he may be defea
It is txue efficient Sta17 popular vote, on the whole th
the choice of persons so wellhas apvaintment by the Reier -nvs
hold view the
universi
kenme
In StRrL kc&rdmore
.--tnd
wtr-fftiti other methods
tly
np.s not rt-3.
asthis wint
kept-f
narn
Term of offire.The o be as to permit/ the n selected for the -pc:I-lido thne which tofitnew for the A 2-yeAr em inL:tat not:allow enough time chief Stateechmt r to Li_fwonie acquainW with his officeand to polici. that theState, ,,tax--d may adopt or, in the of suth lx-yar4,deems necemary the of the sthis of the
of at least 4 provi eqi, ;--z_ft--thaL, rperiexi should be 'le f hisixrn
saiwye---03nsidering im ftrio o andand manifold the dutie of the c ef State ezhoqn
n areschool of
-nta. The comparatively low salaries
thpir an ,-r-ipg
=
k==-P 1 if V---"ey are fixed by stathte
in such is di
ib.Itoar4 c r-ligNest al& P. 11.
offic;_rs,with
14 TT1P
to&
theve% by
the
-t-a-mtyps. oh*
1711
1111
:1!fl
If111
1113
31E
::::1
1:11
:::im
mIll
IlT71
1111
7111
1111
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rmili
milm
ililin
iIli
II111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1lm
III
1111
111
,ft
111
innI
NIM
INIM
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
11B
EIN
IIIR
Ifing
lEnm
oing
ittI1
1191
111M
iliffi
rrlit
Imm
innm
irrir
mili
mm
icin
uum
nim
unrim
um
Fl
4 ¶ ,.
tir'!IL 1AAr A1J
'
I
.;_-.-- y(_ the tiL y-'_ y_-1__ ;__ secure
I=-:__ " .
A and boardsCity =-===-:: i=:=T T:-
-=_1---- =-;:: - -- - = = !: = are . i___=_
board schoolA-1= -=IL= jj t
-r :r:. iv authority !x :te saryits -'-
-==-' _--:_, - figure ; --- '--'= '- '= '- ==-A 1-=- -F
-I"-- --- =-any -
=-_-
--- V =-- who=Y -
1-=
. -3 =4
:-: :r Sigeneral !; mostly to :;- =-" -== --' In ==:4_-_- =-
'_jif j:: tT= &!: =%:f-T:h:
prescribed iy v a
ar :. -i: ,J
cult for officers -- _:= .y_'4-
-=- decidecandidates = actually -- - =v-- !
--'- '_%
to safeguard the -=j- from the1=
sous W! ae i: tIiaycertain 1r" rFI=II- A-= -=4_-__ -.-----
;::;I= cc 2 or 3 vpz: f
a:iaz v:r : a T1
years of T- -
I
certain y- _--- i: :,; that should =-i: -_-T
---e___ .-=- = I=_ ,:i: -;-.
kLE :--: c-!_J k
;:f :ii and =irif4S ' I - I
IF
I_ __j; - -=_ri- 1;i ; -i=ti ___L=r _:k :jr
some -:i* e-:i =jvr ::
cc41; 4r1t1 (!fHT JLliUN only a are listed. In L1:eei -: = : . . _ board% of -1 - number dutiesivtii:z i=tu- tjt t_i'i iiit JI :rJ%%rij jjjti
I 'I '
tine chief E= A
tate doll's.a8F;lglD-eci :J=r law t: c:ricIi (JU1TT iieci ricit
c)e as great- a in 'iie iii vriirri irit i- rn twr
siiic rnc*;:t= elf =tir (thfi1= caL be 85Wflf?d uj=r
boards.==-I - A should -
IL) JJ-t!=LjtU iLiUA
officer are the)'LV =U(JU IU1JtJbVFILJ
I. General !t;w!:ir of th public- -- - -- - State of-= - _!_: executive F .- - - - --- I-- I
= gI =r.ft=== I there fr=I: I_= separate -=- -r _=-:=- I=- -=- LU, -r------ ----
-=
I I
3- fT.- - - rr_t!- - - --- -- his! it_I
LL%U%==Z (i flV employeeJ I
_: - - - - ----- - w- II k-_'-I-
- e _ =
4 Ie - -
4=L I- i __A! :
-= I I
A
S
eM
to arrartas well as a city board
a university should to ofat that is equal t th
of in the
4:1404, e qualifications chief luY-1in sria . about
one-third the Stat4m are Ileumin some of these States tile &3ucadona1
qual!fications exp .-0s,sed general terms ft !a cliff-appointing or 'or to
orderor appointment of DAer-
educationally unqualified, some ofStates Such
qualifications &mei' _Mimi °rpmprofessional nature, number 0?In the field of There are, of
byboards governors., and 'n S-,r#,a cx l
Poice: 4st! of po aPArtuxiStates. In
d duties listed in the schoolin few States
Stt, boards,his 1J-ewers
Among the powers Ito
schools.az
the,,
deri-AZ and retornaliending the whose
as tct Ru tIof ta *4_1'
vravai of the A-R,
has
ion
and a
are
the State
members of
so
to theboard.
I.1
111
1111
.111
1.11
1101
111
1111
1111
.111
1111
1n1M
ON
NIII
IIIM
ININ
fimm
omm
omm
oom
som
mel
osom
omm
logo
I
I
= ==&-____ -
-AL-=
=-=-
e-=--r # -- --
---=- - I--
;ii U 4 1 LTJT W 'V 4_ uJ for -
:
&=tj i= L J -
for :===1- -;n; =-= :--;- of education, if
; S!=3 : :- :t Ive::i- :-r c
department 'A ---k.:_ ---=A
forth --- -=--"-!4j kI-I_! -==I
_=,t theUi -rI =_j kJ tj-L --,(Jj -it
ut: L4J t= =-_;
:-- ; VT:: := i-:
- -IiiNy
-- 1A ==
i=-?i----!
=- 5-=_-=4 =-=.
==J ==-: L_
;:-- --=___=:
;- -, , terms = I
frrr; :i:a!r I
- -
- Evaluation IUA -1 % and Fu. ; ;tiS -- -- = -
j
"i A_ --: =1
k_ A _- = -A =-
Y1L1IJvRJAz4: '' 4 ,
I T I= cr±r- - ! ! =)-L =- q;- or --'- - ---
4--4 :_;= of = 4 -__ii
r I - -=
=- =- State board %
k%=I
,
=I4-K -L=4IL- L=i
-
- the == =!4- -
-'-= the-;- the.told '4the = -=- - - e4 _ forh: their -
4 A A - -- t=--a 1=¶=--
_- _- - r- _ a a a-a= = = E fl;__- 2t _ - w ë _- 4 _ _ a
Is : of Sr cic=c=1 frr4 ir w1tJ Stnt
th SDSet t th k31 :te School t:4Ik,Arno' :tZ=;----
jr= I--1 affect.," thisthe -;: I - ___
: -=== --.=- ?=--=-a -a .a-= - -- if- F
;:rtA ,-
=_J --I U W _; -==I i-fl ate :- a - a a - .=
=- L the Statek1A -w; U 7f
¶J I_w_ LL- I --;- '-
a 7 -aT trim =j j jj 1 L- : - -------
1_Ip_- Lçw: jJ ;- UAX :
L frt apprtineit U Fttif thief
& Tcrd the ricn-az ui tF Lat crc;1 oflkr :rom
- Toward i-_5 -
! r4i4 C
J 4
4 4 ' ----==-'= -
6 ii:j T! nis:: tJ Ftn, r---1
-t
--- - -
i A iw3 äAi:q:r cr of- -=-- -i = _I__-- g salaries--- ---- for- - - a
Toward-= -a - --- - = e aI i = -_ W- W WV t --- W ___
-4, -- -
i -L*; -_& school I -
! y 4 --
ALlowlh
vAlION111
until each tate and gm.
to hoard or,timre is of a budget thee,partfts o the State iLication And
of a:me that abauld approp toschool &Ate each ill.Stata evntrvl 534.:Ate !4'41-ard of education or Index._it pe....-virick,
of t6 school 1.a andbe
kx-ai v.1 board&
rurbfrav cLeAnsic-aa
a reparta local schoca districts and----ducationaristitlytiorta the State department or
issuancl terti-,rincseals, surrtrvUors.-
Of sitira and achoo?
wit* 8tatm lawn.
on 0 1
State?- oxiumtior, gryernor
i St4t.es newAsmc;iztrainendatiorts
accordance .
.11 to comp
r _17
if
kiyard
:_s
Awaygovernor.
scbool 14y
chief mhimilipState iWuration.
the ..--C7-ft-a f4 board.
,__-
chief olteer the chief administrativeI officer of cgirle etioaL
terns.
school officers.
aridAtiv
of an S
113
u
a rry
trio
4.rk
a id
allt
that
4
It
eAlucation.e"
on *rKArds of
the
State department ofI
chief Stateincreasing
offitr the
------- g-_;-5
, =- - BOARDS ,
-
: 9 EL=ward ?tYiT7 t} frctIon c chief tns: Zn relation T;ij tnose veE;teQ In trio =ta- Doarcl cI educat1oL
10.-
the separation of policy-making functions froni executIveand arnistratv at v- former wti Stat.* iciai.
_4---.
to? i__._ c__=;F LY :-a=_ schoola-4 _, - J
r.
' V
D
1 inistrw.gULZ=2aUticii cI Ilimlic F;cm)c!t3 t ininwei c-i Droau (1T CflEi O)EE1:v-atIOfl3
be ri&e. imoii :üme of nore noteworthy cserrions;4
may
I
a,
L
;:
J
p
1. A State ies:a:!re $ free w change or adur :ch=c1 !awc1iarigii conditions.
21 Present conditIons in o=-c administration emphasize a dIeIs; to consult wit!i educational aitherftie
& A t=at hAS COri1uierab1e frdin t4 g the W$7 itcioosez tut t :c'u W:1 ey cpei.
4. ' iS Gii jiIa1! Vt1fl jo1
conform to :he -t opinion -f authorities n education,' . ' , __L systems whichBIo1_1J- ITJLOW careniiiy worea=uiir flVC De=fl icuiia
to produce brood reilt
& Fewer 5tJ arid an extension ei;wer ! !=cI apparently en=) the k=vekment of fl!U! flexible and efficiezit yttns c4 9tat school gdnthEati&P
6- Laws W:;r9ill WiflIL-fl !!1
tifie the natural educational and administrative rese7 Lega; p?3vionI gOVerig 1tte sebooI are not
i:cc=pt::He !O z,; t1
aatioii of State fimetiori fZOfl IO*1 dflhffli5tZ*tfVe fUflction8 gconstant i school
a Whatever the degree of Et. eontr&. j rcrr
EccLfI1e1c1 and prmoteinitiative - a
9 A !tudy o-f vrion vier of State 1w woveyiii State booIa- iTiasei the inwc=rtaice of de!ct=Ii!g ;mi-uuc 1{r Ui UIL5 or UI iiieriiit- __prOvisionL Aetna exiexinentation in this ares i iriadaut. Aftermany year! ox expieiice with various types c4 cI=I __th--ing school 2fl=tJrrTtorJ as W1I ar 1-iitors do magree ozi what cotjtitutes the belt legislative rivIskizis crp?Qvc:!: prothwe the most
loip School niiidrtIun may not be fl xct i4it 1eednrr 1L1 be ithJect to ób-ieetive appraisal Ii tT1!i Of T131t---- The -
& L
ou&vK11!cua :in oz eucazion may yet wor Tne
to det=ithw: with r=onb1i assurance that ceita$-n !egkIatfve irco1itT!a V-=iT fisi__- -_ a --
* u IiNT nme t9-w;s,
,I
:r:::. ; ; : ':
---- -'a
r.
.
duties and schoolofficers
tkiand
1=2
From ,a study of present gislativ and practicesaffecting the legal structure and organization for
theare:
for
S legislature igo its
that State administrationand that :-=t
prescriptions discretionaryState officials won!,
'too un.:ortnit;
itto meet
0separation local sehmt
problem administration.administrative
et.saiiie-
method measvring. efitsIEL
= much
_
Li.'
d=b-6
_e_
.
iir -I - are-
5. r
better
cornett44
offiFers.
Observations
require much
administrationsep-
a
wurelocal
and
whatresult&
than otl.
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