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oara- cr tate .; Status area = = * . en k 11* S Oi - E E 7 ff S tate d ff mft N re Officers . --- V g-c-:" eNr a Powers 7 , BY WARD IN. KEESFCKER .'hool Legislation Hain 1950, No. 12 F b L Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator 41e. Office cf Educathn Earl James McGrath, Commissioner'
117

tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

Apr 26, 2023

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Page 1: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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7 ,

BY

WA

RD

IN.

KE

ESFC

KE

R

.'hool

Legislation

Hain

1950,

No.

12

F b L

Oscar

R.

Ew

ing,

Adm

inistrator

41e.

Office

cf Educathn

Earl

James

McG

rath,

Com

missioner'

Page 2: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC
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should

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In view cm 't of it1j

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ucationa ii

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objthe I

ee_u so (1) That ca 'Tr of their

exercised ; t= r eo.

=LA

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of School Adw4rijtDirector,

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the worqualified schoW

of a

the structhralis ha

provisions beof school which edu-'

produce the ix=stthe

and

in &Oki systemsand functicons

of both the whool Legis-latures, accepting broadbear Dowers

be ne-A for theis ; and (3) that

they should guided byand procedure.

AtvEztDivision

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contest:

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N_at kat i 4__E

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TredtaA

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A

jirr-==-A- the leg

administration. More specifically,_scribe present 1ion and ch

show legJ relationships R.tween these Statetrends with respect A 7

onC"irk'

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structural

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tO surriMariz-Cwitn res

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A

4

Irti?=-_,Tqatggice © Legal Organixatio-

introduction

offers a challengingopportunity for constructive leadership in Ex-perience. in the State systems of education clearly

the legal principles of State educational or-azt vitally to quality and efficiency in education.

seek to our StAte educationaldo subscribe to

For of ra,verETAent kt foolsis -e4.-7-t is best.

ant may -de th quality 'of school personnel, itthe need for judicious legal organization and

LIZeg :0_] the of education. Constitutional'statutory determine or-

principles of State school administration.

The eneral purpose of tof ?tate school .or

(1) To provisions rininboards State officers; (2) too

(3) t* showt Ltik...--s-,s_and

qualifications, methods f ..1,1*etfou, and terms of office; (4) ts etth L1 and duties vested by hw in such boards

St (r)e principles and to State

°D:tration; ($) to and zonchoio 6y be helpful ix and effective 1eEi4

structure and organization a improvement S , school1_2:421tion.

6

idea:

visions and enactments

Purpose of Study

has

to

forth powers;

andwhich

1

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STATE BOARDS OF EDUCATION

Current Legislative Problems in the Improvement f State. Administration

This study is predicated on the growing awareness school.administrators that many legislative problems aris in connectionwith their programs and efforts to improve State school

Apparently there is no general 'agreement to thti bestanswer or solution to many of these problems. Obvto sly the an-swers may vary from State to State. Below re listed %mime T2r_xen-nial legislative problems in State school a;dministration:

1. What provisions principles relating to education should beembodied in generally? In dealing withState, this problem' is present itself somewhat rea1istic.4

What provisions added, deleted, s modi-fled in order to improve State school administration?

2. the for a a chieftate school tr]e provisions 6-n?

3. ould ooarrf...s of ashould be their many members

board?. !violative should be 1 i1

of education? .

all. State be dled by oneboard of Are educational fano-

tions should be assigned to or x2pdal kwaris ifare

6. What powers o L State ,--Arin-ndent? Should orne of thew by Dew th

te board?

should govern functions 047 ni-sation State deparfments of Which functionsservices should be specified nd bos left princir54.11 te

of the board? types of lees.] tirethe organization of

the legislature designateitshgap--, in the SL department?

. Should the State board of asempower without reference to standards z.171 be Or

kowli :Avre lay certain criteria or

or tivas tto

qu e Qom State superintendents? How should lte Statebe selected? Whet between thethe Stala established b

2

School

adminis-tration. as

a

be

a

selected? What

the

entirely

beand by

the and

State

be estab-

the

of

suierinten-

Page 6: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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Monograph

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INTRODUCTION A 3

-nd

revises and to date thetained tn Bulletin 140, No.

Boards of ana State School Officers_ana

The limited functionsof State boards of school

Reference andspecial is to

have been assigned to special commissions.is limited legal

State fortion. Some to education

to scope vested in theof education anti.

The sources utilized in of thiswork were latestor session laws oT the UnitedOffice of

State schoolstaffs state departments

r.

of Shady

Page 7: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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iLUCATN kr iir fcr f r rrent t c'nm:i n theEI_ rilain Tnt Arnerimn 1f FeiL.-:-3J Ciintut1i: pi j jf right andthe ti urgan;ze ;ts dutna ytem it demaçprpte

IS:vth few S-tt1 n r:ae it ,br!rv upontheir _ . ' - ' legislatures to provide the - - - -- r-LIU &'u L1LIUfl1fltt!ifltTr ''I C" 1i i:c -:-LerLv eE-g r pry power 1

According --% ,,. -=Lk.1 iI1t 1-1LA UtL1LC b tiiut1;; .

MzgleI' ) U I 6'-' LLL;; :L I = . citizens ----- ynovel, aria @conornic tiii*riment without ria to ti rest o th--_% -- 4t.JUii&J.

Th freedom f tt4 to exnriiint as aiIied also in theti1d of dcatiin, an der th :r-edor were tab1ihed thebeginnings f ur present Stati systhrns r,f public education. Pubic--

h&= come now to b-E' the primary and biggt enterpriseof the States. Quc)tin again from Ju8tice Brand=ei8 :

Arneric jfl -j-A fthti in differentiation, 1D LLLUIUflUY. iit thpath of pr:rr atei :hs belief; it has &dV&neod nuian hajpness, and it has :ori-r=d.In nu:)8t States the people have been content with few or limitedI

constitutional proisic-n for ucition Many SLAtE contituticnssimply charge the egitIature wi: responibllity for an adequateand uniform system of education ; some go further and provide

4

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to the several Stattrhe oteach SLite the Union the

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exceptions,

systems school&the legislatures 6ducationzl iiat:r.a

6

It is one of the happy incidents of t thai.if chcrose, silturn a -,\-ar4,31-7

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iet!ti control, A .

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failure toA

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one.

STATE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION '5

and define the powers

f i derat land for educational theState school in the use of which districts

into picture form of0 State The receipt of from th Stateby the necessity of making inevolved with State requirements G'as

a were appointed to,from the school districts and to deal witn them in matters

the funds and of policy.The early duties of oncerg thus

cal, statistical, and 'with to ofState school out of them grew comprehensive

officer in the executive ofSta4 of myriad .of

snd theiaaple records management

of fune

In many in early days the made of supposing-4

officials, who tocould be made State school

officials. It may been thatadvocate educational policies or

would in their Developments intended ip mistake. State

public has come to ative non-

high character.

of) the Legislature :Jvar

Public of In this country publicschools of the legislature under con-

Except modified by re-straints, a Suite legislature has plenary edAation. Thelegislature also hms4, to exercise or

brought before superior forkrt. Okt hand, if

may E the courts.Tbe prerogative of a

and

.pohtical

Page 9: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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ment_cn't n. -A. legislature

AL-t

Mainte ....5. Education is

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held b F courtscised by

---1 power rs

t

constant

sfraLIiSa

wdabsolute

g

however

I

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whether

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education,ghout

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impossible,

=At

a

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ArA _&-F

as the - res eh-gi31-E

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distinctseparate

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not precluded froAY inea -

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continuesiowing

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OF,

The authority has been to 1)e nota distrilptive one, to be *nst -u-but, on in

the The principle hasthe Supreme Court of Indiana the following morcla: .

¶s the law power to determine tne authorityucation) shall exercised by a State are of or

distributed to township, or city theis a legislative it is not exhausted

ity exercise. The having tried one plan, is not prclud= fromchoice of methods, and may change its ?.ana as

it expedient; and for mistakes isto the . .

To deny the to that progress is ndwe must move forever the footsteps of antiquity." But the

legislative moves in a stream, nd I ot by itsin any of instances, . . (RS N. 6.)

where educationbe primarily a thelegal principles may be :

1. State legislatures haTe power to public schoolslimited gene;Alyturn the over to

2. control of education is in no way th(i_ self-gwern-have to make it s4_.:

be field local

. havizk method of and

ft State the noState central control or agency for

stated by

affirm

. E.

ulless

a

Page 10: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC
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.o 'S

0,,

T! A y' y ' r t'; '- A- w - -J A L' ''k)

North t2aroliia. i 1S25 This *rzL ii:crvi a "Fresidci ii:d

Dir-c-:or of te Literary 'vi- eiea:e: ccidentI: with theestablishment known'Y' -=

E!A: Fund.";1 I

"This bo&c was threced to tile fuilils in -=CCk Of fl1

:°::;e State rds or of the United Sta: and to alter and change

investment i WV that would promote their vae Thefund th; provided, vie ufficieniv accumulated. was t; beplied tc the instruction of the youth of the State in the principlesof i-ea!r:g, writing, and rithmetic th be d1ve1 amo!:g the c-ounties roperton to their fre-

Soon after the ebIihrnent cf the North carolina boardVermont and Mssour eac1 created a 3:e board of education,but it was not until after Massachusetts ad done il:ewise, ini)tJI L1LL the movement 10 creath State ard o:f eduCatiOfl oeganto make headway. The xard, although itsfunctions were o investigate Ec-}io1 conditions and tc make recomrne!c:ations exerLea tnrougr is sec-retary II-oracu 1&I1iJ, Suc!i a

profound influence upon ethcaton in Je E:ti- -tht U)=t-}W

tgan t4

!':1oarf: CZ education. rn :e=r2mWS I11-EEV

Tj::f:cf=I

evv

£111L1I_, LJL Eastern L&i ia -

Wct S;t By -t2O =1 =5: }-1: -i SZf-t

hr: -:- of In (1Cii'i rl thatfit1% LLS u_

State ; - _:_ of education.gerierat ;-c:mi;

Fab1t I s: t=i mrinry of cit1ected 1sy the :flfl

Fdjcatio-n from various ource vhieI szhcvs the ijwroxiniatedate of oi St boar'1 of :ducaion.--

3+cbber1ei z r. st School AuinthdtrtIon Jw York, Houghton Niff1b 1I7 i 212:9=iiigh Edgar W. PithUc-ScboiI tion ii }4tb Cro1Ir 4qw Yrk Ri*him=" -

Table wIiin whi- p'oWE, wade M, 5.=Y&ariR 1-U Ste.s

178i :FevYork.

ia2c-2:9 L'rth Carolina, Veroin13C=39 c-c:Eecut5 Kentucky, Missouri, Teiinezc1Mo-: r1an;, !iichigan.

IS53=59 CaEfcrTia Indiana, }:ana. }kip=!r-. Oregon, Utah.16cLeS9 Aiaa!a, rcr:!z iIVTL

JEiie-y IW J1ex-c fXas VirwITJila'

17fl=Y Zkkirado, Der Sontl Caro-thi=

?tTiZOflL

19O==91 Idaho, Montana, Okilboma, Wymiing.Georgi VV=gton Vàt VIria

ii3-19 Pennv:vnia iiziiie!ota

1OO&t'% (1949).---:::_ ------------ .--- -------- ---

J---'A -

----.- -

-S L= 7-L ,

J4 L

- -

S

Fund,"State

invest the

such any

in white population.

h

Massachusetts chief

upork England the movement p-

i7tates thence States ofand States _

education. Maine Static, have

information

origin

e.01! .11;

.ralsyg .0/..11

was

=

- --1-11-..M.

Massachusetts,

NewLouisiana, Mississippi, New

,

Maine

OF

as

ap-

Statesits

to the Middla.,

of

Malin110.

beards of education

1900-09

Maryland,

Fund in Ifig.

Page 12: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

Ild10

1101

1111

C11

111

Pili

1141

1191

4111

11U

1IIIN

NIII

IIII

IIRIM

PIIM

'ti'l

lIMIP

PI1

1111

1111

'11P

RIM

INli1

1111

1111

'1;1

VI

Ricent Significant Changes Affecting,

Tne putCOM

--"e-on, and Ayanization of State boardscidons. rk fewer than 16 States ha

jett and interest in this field cont=---cia

selection orAr

constitutional&J.

* A

-con su

Arat'

put 10 yearsof State Jn occurred

Vet Al

d New J 947:

g_ _ _ _ _ . of

. ... , , W

t'&- 1% i. brf-L, ÷ =..-= !--t-r _, _-_-= ,-_ -Zf f t -a . a . a a. a'.417

_ti.a.

orF. :41 thi= 350 the

Governor

t_11

ox

---- State u-zae

decade w

E

s _ _

--- V

B. a

= --__

= = =

Hampshire-73 -a-="--aAAA

E

-

1943;lative

M

E=-1 =

at

Governor

-_=

*J._-

a a _

number

A aa La-

N &DP 1 nt

and Alassackwa

=-= a -V-- 1 1_3 r = 7

. "

a= =

A ---77_

=- -

--==.

-=

- = 4

State boards

_

_

_

tj

me recent aecaoe snows

school

7-3

Maginbers from*V_ _

-clods as well as Gomm

7A A-7

MF-MM f Z.rt a

of ff--44!Ile decade four Mato;

da.

THE STATE BOARD 07 UCATION MEM

lias b?-01-_ prolific with changes affecting ge-Lecibia, Auc;v-tionlegislation on this i-ab c during the mff

composition boards ofand girug Nara Carl z--.C^Fdap

Missouri, changes in in 1945;Indiana, _ci

mont, Tr' and Wnt Virginia, 1947. Inimplemented by

ucatio1, and in exasMoreover, 1949 the of

first time S Board of

-*

MainsEducation.

from the State

icr'a CrovesLor.Recentthe following important trent affecting eGovernor and the of Education:

11 itc1 the

tiotrion1 of the

I. A a:II-4 tOWard removal Olt th Governor 1.o:1os: ars on Statek0a7-drf S ducalon. A does& ay. ti memoir was eg mmYairm

education in 16 &atmthe Uftberati_

Arkansas, Indiana, North.1r two of tiscia2 Sates its; Governor was mot only OK officio

member .1wsit tainzan a the inter& Thus legislative liart4,-.7i.:7

10 years ome-third the a where thewas member of the board of education, leaving. 9

StAtes in which the

;

2 of -roma? chief Stateagile= from the raa*r and giving it to State board edu-WAWA" (AB evidenced in Make

A of by the Governorevidence in 2trivw, 'ewes,

1117

_=

f.?).4. _r4--:

c

W I A

Id LZI)11 tau= over

fez

nom veOtJea

tea

ovd. ars: (1) The removalsvon, ;

---a t;

dg

ofand their

1.&gislative thein

Georgia andconstitutional 1944 and

Kansas Ver-1948 Co Vorrido, by

legislation inState 1949 re-

in letrislatarea

Newboard.

Relationship teVeals

Board

officioof Legislation within

on State boardi inG&firi*F.,, Missouri, New Hampshire,

Caroh-am,alto in

reduceda State

is

toward removn1the

&in and Washington.

aremoval of all ex

State tgmriartiR StateExamples

front State

Page 13: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

VII

IMom

mtr

m1,

1till

issi

fitta

illiit

Ia11

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1171

1111

1511

2e,1

1111

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1101

1111

ottIR

MII

Illili

mur

airr

nr n

T11

1111

1117

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1117

1111

1111

M1

IiF

,iwl,i

lurr

raao :#4 Minna*

'

IS

--I A

g

S.-

e g-22 - -=== - - -

Arrvin ANIA

ngtfM

-V 'ff3 PA.-.

ntendent

- f_ 3. A.-

tfga nit8__

ashinfr__E A . a- 1- a

2,22

TheSince 1940,

U A

Virginia,1_

74_

13-1=rafts_

_p

_-

E

I

A '5"

--

=4 -nEs U(LUJL

= ff5 5 2 E. W

z e# s3 t- 5 -5 f g

= . E

A 3P--=== 5

--0-;

=

V 22- 2-2 22-;4-g

L-general2

U..10 = W_A-a#164";

ur, of eduction. During tincreased tne n -Ws

T.--

= gA

gasV

ricall8Ca;

I _ t Carolina.,v

ia.in Arkansas and4iyareds of education now ran,_--

A

"

larger me,

=27e

however,

A'Se-

A A A= g C.=V rs on .2 5 A A 5 A. 2

A.

_

rease rangesaia to 11 c-as. AL_ -.borshin R.Utt.

----I AA=AA

-e2J

aSsa-CaiW sits.Vermont,

m I additional inemiRr

and Oregon to 21 in

decade two A.22 aA

ge2

272 2-

a 'IQ Tta- g g-

AV7,-g .2% 5

;w

E.- A i-==

boardCf-

@A-

ff_ee

-31 Ae EISA

rr;.42-A 4., ,A-2.=-;2=

_

Av-LAI ui

I _

E=

-E-JE

ore

= E

l''W"lirI-71.erlA L t=

a - I a_w_T--.F 1e AA.-e

rff V g.2 62; EFT if . A= L

w-=Vse

member Ij

Elected b As-1A

4

ency toward tvote. Gotora

State bowd

-7LA

-a r

a,

Ai- IA -A TA,

appointed

#g_ _ A L4 A

=

E. r=

A

*-1 1 Ae---s.

01M71.11

0 1.-Z.L.-eA._ n board

A

A S- -+LI VILA a

V- 1- as

large).L

A

5 g _A #-#

a

2..22. AIL

;

Governor.

of

the. ee-

7.27

-th

E

--,tar..niemirp--ritseducation whose

one .from each congress-* --,

tilt'.7.====1-2.=g=

3.1

selection otate_0_-_,hank

#

even, ad_---ar0

s_

niPmTexas, ALL

,vt 1948 and ,,49 ado._tpuiar vote one board m

e-A

z

A

ff

tee_E E responsibility

a

' ff g elAe= vesting A=A

AAA

A

1*

,removed 81'ziri9 fray the board, nameT flti :), est

retaining rti* as a the SUe al vei PI 1 of votiNg privillege. (2) of

I n e' t , six Colorado,:' officio

:44-..iti, North Cser f- i a, and Washington., mMO¼13 State offici, as ex officio tileof

)...41.14 -i-ix officio 't board. .

iis.A34,iti EDUCATION

-; I-

04.4 A1

I;e trend towardS decade folloster-1.

eiva Colorado; Indiana,Nrag Jersey,

The

Texas.

.0

from ne

21±:1 I I :if0- = La=

18,48G1

oon

ci,tiser; t .igititesait to note theColorado Missouri, aktiliiii61 y e4Tr,,_change ex Stateiifl ix 1644, by exofficio State of four

of eight by the 1948by bonshed

Monti numr of8

recent legal

- of eht by from:i1.J

eo2rsi,-,-,md

1

definiteL.=

trendfor poll

itf th department

=

Pram4!

*nitlyaWve faof u

--=

allIn,

board

onthe

Walhington, andWest

in3 in Mississippi

is that duringand

tionalboards.

board a State

a

most aboard by

and

many years legislaUon re-flected a in the State board edu-in educational

also toward byenlarging the State

Page 14: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

111l

n II

IIII

111

1111

1311

111

MII

I11

1111

0111

111h

1111

1111

1111

0111

100m

iloom

oom

THE glrWl=1

ngtitutionh, provisionsnroVislons .riu co

organization oid education

education.

CC a

have

iheva a . .A all

re,. ,k.aa C_MS

C....1-415_ a

1Luluontroi .nnuenceC ft., It

=

States_

to

provide or

legal

_

ftft & 3 ft= sa-Tsg&

determination.hoard

constitutional

OF education Est

-46

44=.4

pro-A.L

&Me

=

SA aim.3- s

SMIEWIISI.

as lac S

S ass I

= 44 EM 3. am .s oft s S a .as. s camas:.3

6ft. s Si116

Gear&

r

a

Florida _ e OF S S S S S S S S s S s s 1 S S.-1

1 Sa&E -rs

4%: g.... = = = .. .= ag as am = am am sal am a. a= aw aa am I1

Idaho aft S S 1/3 63 S S S S S SM SSSft

ya.'Sfai

*SS 1 S S MO S S s

aa

s

S S. offb SS SS S

= a amS

ir#

Ed n===- ar- s = 1 a. a.

1Sm..G-- ===-,

m

S 4.4 -=

4h gg S"fa-Seam,

4.4

a-

sft 64 .3 S As sass ss

AIL22 AP Sa Ea EWES a .. 4. .. 44 ee 44

2

es sm s2 Q. 22 aa CV g

- Sfts-ssgs= s

=-7--

Mies

sas... sac S.2==fgft"

_ J aa A. s s am WW a. a.

S aft S SEW .. c- ,= .=

= Es S. 4.4 =a

= ta at sr sm 22 Ea Ee ea E. ea ae

-=

.3.

S Cat a Ss s

77-a=22s-

...... 4.

i = 4. = _ = 4- ft-- = .3 s

VW Ma M. MD Eft 6a. ft. 3. EM V. .4 44 ..

= 22 2. Ea a. 4. aa e.

-

ma aa me me

.mrse

ss

a. 4. AA AA -

s2 Ea s S am

Slction and Composition-.ne manner r-'7 composition of Etate fly 3 3ft 3 g- 3 -33

_

a

ft

4=41

-=Tv=

AND OF EDUCATION

e=e--4 .VUI6 tU if a=

triry Provisions

basic.legislative with iie

tate of ri4en,c----eated by either esistu-tional or statutory provision (Table 2) 18such boards in their constitutions, 22 ity Constitutionswhich prove for State of usually ,-J:pulate thenumber of members to compose the board td howshall be selected. In Borne instances, however,visions leave the matter of the nucn r 01, ttethr and the methodof selection for legislative

Table of gia for State 4 0 States

e=1-

z

;Mara education

and

11

:

fitist,

Coned-Ul tima'provi-sion

Rtatu-key

prompion

-_Ckaisti

Ultima- 1WM-doe

Et tato-tory

provi-awl

1 2 3 1 2 a

Alabama Missouri X _ ... _ ... ... ..

X Montana XAriuumas X Nevada XCalifornia X ew XColorado x New jersey X

Connecticut x New Meccfro XDelaware Yea X

. North Carolina XOklahoma X

X

X PennsylvaniaX Carolina X

Kentucky I__ I Tens X

X Utah X ____

Maryland X XX Virrinia ............

Minn mIta X1

WmhingtonlArt--it virriniaWyoming

1K

.x

_

a

Page 15: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

Tm

tr11

1111

1111

11I1

1111

17M

TIR

P91

!!!nn

iirii

owim

mirl

egiiI

li 1,

111ig

uili

gE:2

2111

111I

1111

37m

nrco

mm

lloun

rit i

nim

-mm

egsr

evrt

inn.

drio

nim

irm

vpm

mim

oim

prIII

IIII1

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1111

1111

111.

11M

IMM

inim

mou

l

v

fouranDoi

.M= A a

tedparw ap

CT- a-A

= = _

table-

n

Statesdr-a

v../ km.*

#a a a a ri a and

---_ a = E_= _-.E a ft II- AA_ f I

=

= )

A= 2 " . &-. V.V. .. Laa .....- -- E-- Va- A.-, _a

= ". -.. a-= & ---- -' ta : -- -7 if- A t 1- t..-- t a A a Aa

-

-Ea N A

7

t

=

'="4-

of

A A 4 =a a-- M ^ a-=-7- =

g

I =SA -

-

2officioant]uovernor.

aa_E-E-a -* -

1-ku

7---4tA:tp e_

A t

_ 1 _ff ff_ 1173

board s=1,7 1 1 eLl

a A- - _

_

the A

- a Araof a aA v miaKe,

n.

=

I

-_-

= = =

-

IE

school

_TT=

mor

z-7

a

#

E E E

I

- a-_

=-7- - remainingI-1 it

_

---

Florid% K. _ - - - _

t

_

Aal V VA

Michigan,s

1

1-1

a a--a = a a A

AT

0 I- Yv___--OOradup GILL,

7.a g_a_aaaa -aa

Statebya, V Wat. NEV York

Intariat=

$jg1 -i it the Governor.

t

t---#4V-A-F

EE -="A -

Vermont,

S;_

* 12

into . yiton : (1) Exmembers; (3), e

or- thcte r"

MUCATION

or a more complete c cii.Asificatiogrimetivis :state e Stz

8.IA 9 States the Governor in a ASZtlib

axe not-in 2 States

ma:4i of

4-

In771ye-Ror.

by poImia

_ VS

1W.

CerAkli

the taab-*4 -igmetz

'11ntialr

, appointedIV five States h-L= or of the are

;2E- school 'co

ex

ma _it: State board on Slat, the a--legislature and AR eta

rz-or. 1___-1 sr, :-A4,1= of the aste board are ex wo

A of 9tates, by method of selecting Staters-mth that tkem t -,,,,---,- eight types of '-i

according soothed seia-ev tiJ

17:-

do..011,

Ex.

,Q1ccted

and appointeda

by44IL

el-z.%; by

IMINEIN

. States

A 1 II Ken-Maine, Montana, New

ftbrol

V

New :to,

- Y=teaft&

California, Connecticut,is, Kansas,

New Jersey, ViiLNevada.

Utah, Weald

Wyoming.

(ealk-

OF

ofllcio memtws;members; (4) partly ex officio

of the systhms us-ed inand using the

of 7State officers engaged in educational

State

28 half or more by the

sys-

of - it

I

Ex

Wirx)int_ft by Governor,

Exrvople.

byo=" `o and

scheal

Exchief school

officer.)

Legislature.

I(aaho, a,

Oklahoma, Otinron, Pennsyl-vania, Tennftsft, Vir-

Arkansas, rmisware, Guer-

ide ex number but vote.

Page 16: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

=1=-= .a, 2.

E A=

3 V-I I .

mm-m mas;A v: A

..6

the halffirst

Governors, State

N_7. -. _

4- and 5r Lne twentieth1-s4 .M . V rg ._ --. 4g g N-

1 r I W-# r _-=-7..=--_a-.-,-,..i..._ &_--

or-A A

_

Fromhaving

'n vvv va * a r

I a E- -

Nrov _=

nectieut, 'Antis

LU

----

A

-ietn cenAboards o-

other

T

State

=.1 aa am 7 ,----States LM

4

f. I N

E-

inure 1,rok.L4. trendthis recent decade, thebe row State

'Fa

IMAP1Aa

v-Y rmat A

V V in-,--

EE E=...?

increased

Va,

3

_a= =

# w-7

-

13

; --- -a 2

w

ilia = NaN_Cas

s s =2

Vt_ A A A- A

V r ;and V Irfrom

4-1

States aboliQ;"--7===4 exArkansas,

f-

Of1940 tad trYzu

kL75

OS-

on-"V.--= 7 m

rgia.f'arolina, and

4 -

- - - .=rLr_

t 2-, A =-2

;

_

a

tr.= -s7

_._ A===

g- -

fA...

_

I C h..., been a marked trend

from ex officio of and toward

duringt education,

d lais. Thetrend bee away

elected Since 19 there a LItTivdualdecrease in tile number of State ii of educationco or .m-tetly =V Officio members (talg 61).

1920 1940 number boards of educationno ex officio from 7 to The

ex officio members tI years wen

1940 '4 19=4. Withinofficio UMW

boards: Colorado, Indiana,N w Hampshire, North

STATE OF EDUCATION

_ =

_if:4 r

ige officioas ez

C4L. aimedCr Waco! ,-4,e"tm

/11.1101111

W247

4.=.coW.

_ ft!thavtag

Ow in.

t

-mbw

yean, 6* 19Z4alek.:;-: of a=aegga m4.2ta

r-

411-

Member tesAsadodr1111111-.

1W9

7

tdm

0--.--Inienzftm State --IT,Tomtzi N4mtatt. Ohio.Ohio ftivwrAgt*

eliini-ex on State

has the type boardboards. has

of State

thatTexas,

Wash-ington.

Table 4.---State meneben State boards of edocation,

IMO

GovernerState sot work_%de

selecting amestbers of Suite tee

bitcx1 al selection

1

wkony of aiSde.appoiatad eketed

of State boards

of Stater mak

1900 1910 I

4

itito 19$0

2110 II

31

30

43

1NO

431

so 40

Hoary IL cif ot °akimbo..Pram, p. I.

Page 17: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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others

each1"

s_

S E =5s I - -MA 1 a t

-

Appointed 117 t -

A I

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1

it4

- - - 41 al 1 M I

the

I

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judicial# #

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= tatIV

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N-E-N

14 OF EDUCATION

Takao Stift lloards o /ducat:ion

Gov-ernor

1

Arictiors (041) _____ - -Oardarnia

(104inc - -----

D44ware (1%i)

1- rOe ...... -

Indiums -

Maas (10d)- -

Nevada-Hampshire_Jc-r-ty .. - -

..... .

Ncrth Ca-roansOkkhom -1

Smth earehm____TTex= - -

Wed %ink (1947)_

ow

OddState

schoolWaver

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

OtherStateclaw

of assiabars

or

Ztlyt"gorernor

9to

9

10

*13

7

9

7

196

MOW aditto`

'NUJ

Appoistreki

elected

7

Fa Akio

1441--bt-ix!

1

1

11

10

to

IA 197 7

1110

4

It77

12 12

1313 111

9 le

11

10

7 77 7

12 LI10

6 7

279 1062

ewe appointed by pertain educational assordations, oneeach imocistioa. ,

'Appointed by the Statv 1 of I at large-by r-11-sool board eonventions.

Two elected conventions of c boards adirectors of wchool d6tr4Ic.%tate has no vote.

the chkf schooi oMoer Use approval of the Governor.

Page 18: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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might

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= .

in=a2..g'FEEFE.g__V-- 4,7

at

acquainted with coricWadopt new ones, thus tending tthan evolutionary changes.

of E

22-2,= IA tthe 0 _a=-

g_ .# ---Q_A- 1. I 1 -- F k_, w A A- a AE w

about the policies ctsuer' circumstancesmight ignore

Eg EEEM M-=F

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of years

Aa.a.

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ego Stets 46a,

vita N tinilk.= %Lies viag mfoDumber ka--umber N umbed

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4

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62

4

6

6

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a 1

17791310.M...........

of ffico

1

of of office of elected orfroz) years 9

1, Hthte. to of ternin many ates, is office

of for'Ps .14c ce. xi7 is sometimes 2 but mostly 4 years.

Ov eug.747..-Kary for the StS viols p-?4n o 4-; board members to provide for overlapping

in order avoid a the personnel fxd at one 'rime. If the terms even of

shouldprevious

bring

,E--i,tre nd recent the lengthof sez by ksa 1- embers but dataon number ©f State who werein office in 1989 were for 119 tppoin- board

served by these Echenf-E;trtsfrom 24 to 2' for 1 member. Th medianin of service was 5 A median 7

per' im P-49 i mxt lee

A o a stg--: Elameatim.Washington, _ Government Printing Office.

assakfron boards at csrtain 1900

15

of 01

1920

4I

1 4

9

3

A

3

43

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4

1

9

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11_12. _

11___15,19_

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Term and

Ter?n

was

terms.It isState

terms to the

boards,be

ranges.

was

Basch, Fred F. and FL, Delmrtmeets ofBooaritz, Agency, Office

Page 19: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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Page 20: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

=

character andA

=

State -

rk_

education

Eas7

01

asa _ ta_eat ta-X a X 1 of

board;

No

-4,1 e..aZ

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the

engaged

a_ a

_

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penal IRa

n

board ===-=

office __

Aa==i

4a=rk-/

THE STATE Boian OF 1UCXtiON 17

members lair, or i percent, wAre reported u hiving attelidt--*-college for a jive least, and that 17 memberz, or 4 percent, wererçoTt s hiving ha_ni Do educAtion beyond hit;

requirt qualifications and sptxdfic tic4fectias the composition of of a-t follows :

Idlz=4-s One. member fromfor fitness;

each district; pointed so eltut be subject ". the authori-4 theAqg

Arksorse: 0 y school on county school urintdt,and cos to he on Viard.

Mo teackimr, com education, acounty board of -----ducatiszt. county or city schmol superintendent, schooldiroca,,r, iflJT of any State board for higher institution, or teacher

_in any achool or college eligible to appointment as member of the stmust Its of hL itirul taspikrd ability and a-

rater-.

c*n-- ---tat=s40-11 one member to be puoint-Lti ft alto! reside in

more to belong to the gamsparty; to par------on t. kto &8 member State C_"var-r, whois in -an, subject uthority.

member from each the 10 congress districts; stoutcitizen and resident of 5 Yeats; no one entplo in i professionalcaty by a- private or public educational institution or b itv

of eligible to appointment end no ,0,--41roonor ha5 employed by a book coraftrm

WAG: to b ppoi ref toaaliation1 or raiirim.

Indiana: Of clie 18 apriintive 7-camt:41t, tip ie artirell in3

.---te member tali= each 11-angrvssion, district; not mere tourfrom pane 4,73.!:,,lt-or.L party; must I:* te%v-, principal, or

Appointments .461 like made on t and forto pi of residence or 'y affiliation; o member

'Jive of aymAiottriert . during term Arriaa to crtgagw-ti:wuerkiv.,

IR

Eleven ;ft-3 members; one from mick of three public serviceAriee-,; one siff, each of eight Congressional Districts.

tyi-mori to

--st Sive amide? the State, exceptanY WtYAW WtraVii%

appointed- basis oe kL-araaer andta is is aril way sakt-- t its

to 64,--7 or ap-t:4**b7 public, ekr _kQ employed

atschool.

af-as

tx)ard.

high-schixil

Arka=ns: achool of

At e:&.st oathcounty.

Deirwint: that, threea of the

way

Georgia: One of onalbe

Statewho is

1**In

withmit x¼upation,party

than

superintendent

position,

of be as aozticator.

1

Maryhmi: b solelybe

No m-emr anyto in

Page 21: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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mt f__ a a s

tv=

each

OF EDUCATION

two_

g==AV=LA = each educationalA a- A

N A I- z

v _s A 1

workL_ ineligible

£

f A,A.any a= county A 4

V A

r t =

educators I

ELI 1-r-1' and1-.= a f a

- be

V- thevfa 1 1 State..

I-5-;= v

five 4-s_=-4 = y 5-1#: ---#_ twr

4entinstitution, one,:wrs-on =rt_

V_A _ v-

L4_ ! V" ==-_-ss V'sVAL=1;4Lvs-

Three more

- 4 , 77, Ar44A1.1-S.s_

t*

than 4

t rjudicial g I t # v-i as t

of the t A A=f, lEti member === T ;-= = time == = k . g-g- 4 =

s

F-4 principAl,ir

"Li; V - - A VA A t

I. 4..4A-A-L3r

=C e m, 1 _= i

7-T=

leading .!.=-_

United

C

_a

Washington:

not

otherany

A LA

anyState-

*4 I e

-1 Li

1I a

;# ;

i A _A-A

to

f-

---- TV's- 1

each grand- .1_2= 5 g

v

-CNA4-4

t1-1--ur V -A 7r. vs kg V

fr.

s

LI" z7- I r A

ion Lonti*

-

t

division; ear

professionalA A

i I -A 1.1n

resident. of

E ff t-

all sections

f ti A 4_, #

A'

:TV ALL eA

t# districta s_ =AA gs4-A 4gk

f "a =g I *

countyy

_A tr g'xt g VV--- g---mfi-11 V

local

same

- g-Aa "

five jit i

serveholdmember any

1--) V i entvo A

Av-A Vg- A k g

for integrity,_

politicalculture,

In some

VT-=a -4--

be ; I4 'V If -#

party;#

publicall E g gs _ -

*

Meetings

;

I

1.;Lr LA g g k_

at v

years.i

1_-A

7s 4-A-- _-A a g

otherr -11 t 0 7:1T. =-

=

t ' ;11--- of - g = a s AL E party;

onpublic

;

gt V;

e7e-

3 sA

-7 V--A

of

A

- - & - v-AAk--t4 =_--4 I IA

"

5 1_7 V_V I

= rmature A A

Li

knownA g A

L--=- l A I*I- A ,-_ ri

1A_Ev4- AA AA-

I 1 A IVIk V V,

:17

,t

lgso-

STATE

than 4 from same politic* ; highchararter

members from of cong-rtoraiOarT diStrieta ; notfour aktlist wL t same

political party organization.One district

: enrAgtA Into

/brew, : Not less two not more one rfmt dentboard.

ev th'*: Of one be head of h State &du-a county of scho-AAN. and one

workg4-4: mornbe,,rg taan members of

andor officer of nn

Oregon: Mast inchatie one employer, (one one homemaker,

One oath congressional district.Three the two

to At three members.Texas: Member must a educator

nor connected with textbook heold, and district 5

thA: Members by school board in c_it of seven

be th the selection of suck persons.gall of

Members to of from mustnot kxt employed college,institution or by school system.

togilftia: to sameno appointee of yi-rmitted to not he politicalparty executive or of aers,I,or

Wfri: to be in work;different parts of State o membersfrom to he

businesspublic education.

Board

States the number of regular im

ids:

Neu(VI

a

a a

arid

C

Tennessee:

-as

as

C,Woe

State,

ability,

Page 22: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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BOARD_ _ s

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the of1- regularngi TT1y

vn u rn

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t4

-- _ -AIt14#--iV4;-"_-_-_-A and 1IVAL.--=__ _4 4-4.,

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ever,

A

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withindo

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probably

444- the X ;"-A 4--=4L=T_- X

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TT

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4AT 441111-''''Tii-4

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The yi t7=

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14-.9 4 A 11 ftt, ift II [ 4

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n reviler

r,=

1 4 r= 3.- =

time1 = i s g may

A s --- --A 7

A_

- g the 477 -ff4 - 4 a 2

T-#-4 11!in

=----4=y

-A;

of Acaiii chairman; rwin T

4- 4r2A7" = A

_ -77 = = I a. = I2

=

V- - 4I= -

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A2-7a -v_ A A A

,--- 4- p 7- 4

CP I=A_ I A Aeg

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-4 2 A A-7

semiannual

timessuch

; ;

_ 74- p= A meetings;

4.1

calle;; }rt. 4 t

=_Ati' A

--- ==2-2 LA 1 I 2 4,A 2 A ;- C = .2A

v- _- _VA A-a

majoritye

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r

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# -= #= A A

n

--3

47= La I === 3_

A I_)-L z mcethirz --

: -_

7

u

OP

scribed by law; init may deem of Ile

board meetingscalled by the president of the or a

of general 3tate hoardsare pmKribed by in a, previous office

study° it vaS mported that were as board meet-held a year. not mket as

Often as in a population ofor more, median of in cities

of In a year. of how-than of

provisions for me. iting-; are

ott'er the dalesand the nolo& of schools may Jr-Nu) re.

AJ-4~-:-.: annuAlly at such time as thp boardsprscial i. call of the president_

ArilI *nt*-1 'Annual meeting Monday in Septemisrqusrterly on ge-tcond March.,spetial meetinrs c.a11e4, by president of president,

calls meeting on request boardtre e rnbe ret...

1ar every 3 at tvoardby resolution spedal metetinrs by the py-etidentupon request any four

t *uchtimos as board deems nietzmahry.

other meeting-II at asnd business require,

neeigiar: Board to designate set aside one as a -

held nt request of Statetendent_

: additionalof board members,

State superintendent of schools may a mft/t.ing.

rueet-Lkgs by the

Et s board determinet.$

Kansas: Nine mgular others call of

meetinrs everyboard tray by resolution special meeting" ai

19

as

1A-ga1

as

s.

Delr ar u

a

Refularas

Page 23: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

--.=

mia

mm

usum

oull

20

Maryland:n

77;r7-11.1-2-Ea-----.

1

A

Achtsk.i.member E

STATE

annual meeting

meetings.

aE 3 32A el,

trrniTieie merlocr,

r

E3

meetingone

Missouri; Semiannual

y

"WD

_

ITTCATION

-3 a chairman

or before tr.-,

must

g

t t

4

=3-

kit&

meetings.

upon caLLE

when

4611...-206-3 5".

a4 3 2 other

74 2

a asa_f

3* meet c_rf-4 at call of secretar-v_flaw n year

rile-VtinrH

R3 3s- ._--,-- 3. a

3. . - ..

..2"-ff __- ,, .-----= .---_. . -, ,,,,==_ r 1 4 --: ----_-- t i n ------A A774. riPP

_. ,-.

= 4 * 3,... ,,.. a 3 a 3.. . ,. -, --=--- -3_ - ,

Jerseyeachnecessary.

6X-X-06

meetings asAt __least six regular

WT-

-3=s. 33_

secretary"must

ma U

achmatinee

rales o

cr a of chancellor, commissioner oi euNorth 3

A ot

36 a

A -

LEi-T ri V

AEA

_ 3 33,= .=

t= .

1.-

P..

i

E 0-== = 3 3=1-4E_

= - _n_ _ _ u __

South Cmajority

fixed

members.

Regular meetings

E

E 3affE-

YTk-L Le Al

regents 2.3 s -a--.23

anyorE

fourth

3".3=aE. 3- _ -

=,_ ,aspecial meetings called Dy chairman.

Utah:

meetingsber, January, A

ra-t nMarch;

fi a _,M."....3-..--.>. =._.s.._E. =16 rwa a

other

nianii

*= g- =3334

2E ==E

T3iF

In ber,

3 4F

EA-*

twice a year.

sm.ff

BOARDS OF

b -upon request ofpedid

Louisiana: Regularother meetings calla by resa

Maine: Quarterly

meeting on last WN4lnesa in Ilia other :Aarin A nd 1:ek_rua.4, pedal meetings he asduties alai business tlf boardMawadver-_-4,:; at least once a month t timesesd's may by and requested Iv theb flay

Mk ow At least e_ae;t1

mesas: Annual meeting August, n quarterly meetingstion to the meeting; kel pith meetings.

call

Monday

e. &May meet t tom cell at any tine of anythe board.

MOntana: -Que:uoril etIn w ;1 or by president or of ttii 1Km,

11;

DNA pla.: least fou,peal tit Td im&N.9%; eiwyekifiv:

year and suchas be required.New :;1,:nes times as boardand every pima and at such times mayNw No law found

a y te regents.

Neetin ch as ofth call o the governor.Number of meetings not specified.

to be baldker, ac ,

and

Monday

11;-,A1n call ofstf

Tem szeeg

ezas:-

7

bt re; July,at meetings upon ea 1

_ members

at the call of the chh. and at least

request of

Usveam-, -.L2Armax.

a

in

meet-

andor

in addi-

regular or

special meildngs as di-

at

at itithmay prescribe in

as judgment be

on the subject

shall atOklahoma:

of calling specialmeetings by board.

upon

August, and November;

Regular

the

Page 24: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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A

are4

A=

Apr.,

S-1

Virginia:

t meetings47* 1 aa 4

A #

-7a£ aa

called

superintendent ggg waaaaaaawa g t- teAr

A Arga

resolutionA a t-- ---V V 7

.47 a-aA £Ga

--=

a chairman

a s_wawa arA a- a a aof

w-a

meetings-6e-0

call rrr

A

e`=e

# ell

uponFq-

request_ _ a = a a-ff 0 6 6 0as -As 66

w

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4

meetings; m --_ --,___--- - -__-:_ . _ _ _ ___--. -*- ---L -7_.= as =--,LffEL

.-

5-A-72E

_ A of =board require rawar.r. aww ff=r611 State rAwiff-Ve==a aAw.---awwwws=wwwof _ a.-

avelsnveir

A' 4

--_ --,-_ - --2 2 ; ; ; -A-11 ;

1

- - -*A =' 4 A

forcompensated.6 ass

honorarium,

-7-----=== of the Stht_esEnFM -aa t

- Or

1

Indiana:

=

M2ME Kara ff4ga - =

AL= L.-Le

--a a== = =

ff WILD daY

per6-

A. A= .-7=4= per

7_ 9a --=: .= __

£0CI

r_-_

=

year.re.

A 2= A221#7-7.aama

_17- --a 1=14_=-_

*A-1

Mira- few 810A- 7 a

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--=_-- ---=_ A- a

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A =A

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7.111..V

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ara

in Ca__a e_ A ====on to

A A at_

w_a_ boardet a s---Et meetings, not

_wa y-V-V year._a re. in tAA- ----

= = 20-A- A- :SA ding

--e=

a_

A

=- --- 4=- A, Reimbursement

full expensesa Ga.=

egEE E-ML a

_ _ committee=-= w

afar -eGe- expenses.

PA-a-

THE STATE ARD OF EDUCATION

Vermont: Four regular meetings annually and special meetingsof

a-z two fiumberv.Meetings upon call upon _

of mccn-*

W Annual in June and meetings

A eagt otherof board.

se majority

:--=-1aranual ainstruction

or

a of the of education are notsalary, oy of any State

wrIT ;imam inOflthfr of the diem

or small paid ex ocowhich provide compensation

trteAkf,-1--= service, to days amen.

r,r]

foe m(4 fs t exceedTudiasee each calendar month.

$ it§ per

_.,.. exceedhnr'- =1-*_W4

$10 to per diem.

per ill

Oklahoma:

-

A

West

memo .

10 1

ere, days a year.6 m.

ft diem.3ar

71:

It

.1=1

*er1.-- - !MI for

21

at of4

six

of

Compensation of Members

aboard meet-

In there is aail

board

D.I1wMr: $25

$7

Idaho:

$5 per

Louisiana: $25

per

per diem.

$10

per

SENA

$4 perwork.

Page 25: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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e:Its =V =-=_

STATE 17:43 A rt rt- !CATION

Occupations F._

of &cc

- irJ

.1 0"=-,--- A----- - A-- _ .._--

...-------.--0,-,A, °.-- A__a--A .M-,-' 1r-T .._2_=°-A. -- ..,,,A. --=. ..=- .A. = a M a -- N-r-E_=s _

A- A_

since

=

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a=ils a.* AA As541 Vrs&A=A...a-AA'

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=

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ofis

member,_w-

E_a _ people 0,1..herOn.

t "A

pencils

sas

-Eg -= =

ararn, co

eir occupation men

;n.*a with_ -

they must k convincedentangling oIin theirewt.resent all

AA

-g yA- 1.

of vowel__ g

tnewuri

_ ="aTE 1s

_

organizations

=

A=A-

-_

Ui=

==.-C.sra.=== A A.-= A_

same

E A_a a A a--apt.A'': et a a a. =

_ _ A

g .7. re IN

H-Q

private aP

=A--E_A A

1.1

aure4=-:._

0 I . 3". - A L.- C

t of .

at of education,U 1A

understand rmiyrn Pnl An qualified par

a A.wt----=v--==m -

g.

_

-

g Ea V.

_

!

ZaW

-0'

OF

10@r4s

ere is isO way w at proportion of the membersof -tate boards of r?:...Acal-;:on should engaged in the professionsin business, or in other occupations. is improbable that anyonewould advocateNvoluoreed-madly of oducato lawyers, or of of.any other o pTo.3fezsist_ or vocatio croup, \a board com-1,,cto of personsfrom a occupations iz mo likely to kte cosnopollthan one that overweigur pergolas thoccupation. A

th; thehis particularof ofaed perm of unquestioned integritywbo

public afffrs,of ':sav io

and theof duties.etn p a board JAW!, -4; on t

the adoption f

I A It

,P

a

.ESE.M"

224

1be

a be

in

however as

bepossess Ibility

Onlyand

Page 26: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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T Chi.f Statà School Offic.r

viiopmsnt of the

?iA1::1 . CIU1 flflC:i }Sfl 11

! and in ciiers cf tte= xited f)Titç! rf 1-rmie UL LL: ieriu jj11t11: tT vi-re- uaY

3k*nEr of Education or some c:ther title 1cc not imI tot

:;= York %Vt$ !1St t4t4 1X SU=t:II t1t Uij chiefState Fthcio= ()leer. Legature-. on Line E3'f. enacted a

I::J-(U t:':r)t a =Cflnztedent of r(;;!I1ULU: ;'e LJ Li-le ccici cii This v=

TrtT 79f!=- i51FM after first I I A---:e --

' for LJ! not rE!- to. = -z=- - -= - ==

of I .j public :=r.: r- = =-; many - - = -I j1 _ j i 1W L i f1 I- - 7 , ---- Jthe ccurtry had cf their own fnItiithc

n=ic -thOO18 before the Stat- 1aw reaii=red them to c1c =c

hIRsnci1 8 th New oi1: fttt establishing the Offl of Stcjci= was the frt ;f ts kind iii the iLnited

and own cthaHy the ar?=: conception of th functions of tIoffice, the Iiv i quoted e:revitE-==

Th w York Act1.

Se!ate a As-; :t Jere shall be ctitnid n o within tEa c. anu1 a the n+ eninniiVCfl h!L!I h aiunj, i= the council of a4ntaet

=-- - - - =-: = fr; 4J enamel salary --.L

-J1J LI LL L L

-= =tiitil lie :;i give notice of Cite first cIiuitwLion of chooI monev tavab1eIi !H!E way as i iroveu IiY ouiei oinca, by! the & tivQ an

2 the support of -ZtJYVL UUWU4ti £'JL

2.

7 =m1

77_ -

7-1

_

471_

I. -.e g

-

e.;

-kr- eV.

.

.

-

StaLe this publicationStates

&ism Commis-the

otlym ki all the States.Q

the t1onIt* it,

1 ire which schoolsappointed appointment al-

State ) State-schools. 17.2-ke was

interestthroughout

ceD,teaalert

0_4by the people of the State of New

distinguished suiptintookat

d

the

1-,=.

Part m

a

e

uarticeI

THEsince the

lack

established

Statez,

, acted York, in

schsuperintendent

ay

Page 27: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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_

24 STATE BOARDS IF MUTATION

IL And ba it, further eXae4- that it e be duty et 44 .s7-1.U.c._-[1--clat 62 id, to digest and- vapare lang for the improvement andfzianizen fiLif the commit eels& tant_ and e;tP te kti-,r

common to and report .!tIru-gif the (ie mto IBM 4 superintend the =,4%rarctti, '18 executemirvitim relative t the sale lands, wku now ake or. mayvtri,'Mp as a permanen soppot ef -*-tt)oon sehevIE.may by 16t4-7 ire4 -at him; tog Rive information to the 1Wislatranrw;d all matters ref,rwd t Liri b either thereof, or -:j,ichw:11 app-onaln to his office; asti getterall to err al suck services%I tin the e of th rj1s as heAmid shall prior entering Ptta -J-=4;-3* dut tr4.,47,sr

ses JgI, sad faithful execution ot M trust.sk

p==7-0 TAVAOrT ; by an of February ,-,9

b7 the GovernorwAles were

thet PP°appointmentt

4

Miezifta=,

Thsv.

a

*614 for

t of ow allshal9,m4,=shekl

. do,

1.---St:=

ramtai inet--'-,am for the

7-,-Sra,MU

ef the Oder-r 1-10,

i

4 the

chief school.x1011111

council fW.M

=- f

Ofof New York.

office In

azad uy *A

t Just

te 11

toWOM-

ft.,tee 3- la° =MOS manner.

andsupervision

1.-44

an

StateL NCii

r

_-=""

P14,

A's

LL-Iciden

rag- lefof- _

01.11and

.411

wallah/a

gqVL

-7

Such were the n

ti*--i-mealla if

and

nrilCe WO? u

which brought forth .44

,

in

the

organizationof schools; prepare estimatft- and

collectaonof hereafter

Im fund for theas be

branch

to shall be diretted rw=rfolto his of his take an mth-0.1.rmation the

Maryland was the a Stathact 1826, the Drovided

awhoa* practically the &S tlum

schools in the &awla 1829. Front. 1C-;=30 tO 18-39,eight made provision for the office, 1o50

office had 'een 24 States and Territorie (Table 9).office came urgently to the foreground

the of ith first evitablishment. A short time Wore sortieSt-attl; haa Lgun to provide permanent

and had tried the experiment of granting annual Stwfs.aid. It scn became evident thew States that, If the State sc..imiL.e correctly applied and made us---eful to the h-rzhest

tz:eir ,.,......, -enditure must be centrally supervised con-It was aeen that this andcontrol could be 1:--est exercised by the appointment Or electiod ofsome calc-,r who would repreftnt the State in its financial dealingswith the kcal

With the growing recognition of the place of the in Mu-cational matters and the increasing volume ieviaintiothat the 1-Awith information concerninr both statRprwrais and that they neirdeti

4

wishes of the people concerningenact satisfactory whwl law. fmta. coLul.d

_Aiftsted mde by . St,._.t.-L L.:-,-012. oxii-c-..ti = a .11,4--- i -

. u-siwt-tiormnvelM 'IAA L a allnia .fr Zi. .."-,an officer could be of in theState toward the deep---er intemtu La4 e ft_,

in oducation.

first office and

f I 71 el th

Page 28: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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#of a as-E.-. .

the_s

1840

1 Ct7_

a-a --riv-zz=v7-'-7

==a

7,

= - =-

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strictlyrequirements

_ ===_7 -A-

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country.E

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s

25

The

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New orkt _

a-

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, t . A L _=:----- 1_1 , a ;Aironn: A--7---A. Wag-7 i a n g, :-- ,-_--_ .----

L.----------_,

Nevada, 4L r --- cWashington, west v ireinia- , .,. .,_,..,....,---_ . ,,z __,_ __..= _...--_,,,_,, # _ . !,-cafWI

'''-f = 1 -*---t_ g_Dakota, Idaho, 1----I 0 r L.,..a. 1 ..E., Z_-- -.M.I.1.1 . _,-. --. m.-._A A.--- A -1-Ev-:. 1.-- : ;47-JA -r U L-11

---_,-,L--- ..--

Toxic

fl

Artv-ipE

A

somen A

-====

_

t

V

Tableand the I

gT-1 _

- A' A A .=

f

-

Li

schoolanother

_.

= a aa 7_- _ a

a

due

6111,

secured the creation othertile ()Ace was ETparaz a

non, arising f4i American conditions and andillium11 practice P-TL:i other

oble witbla prevision was tme,

Louisiana,

ip.,rd.7

talker;rr

Pennsylvania,L-21V-Mely,

!p:e-,-A,kagelftP-_

Ec- AinoL, Florida, New Jersey, Ver-Ter Wisconsin,

JfOrrLMinnesota,Nebraska,

1 TNA--

A,

Wyoming.1,877,9 rgiI,

4.1

- ____

chief school o , At one agState served az ex officer in

10 indk_:: the itp,; of the ei officioJi officers vekc they yedc,

OFFICER

time in thephenome-

11.--LYears uriach school

1812-29 4

1880-39Missouri.

Iowa, Island,Mississippi,

1850459

officio Stae

the States.

Page 29: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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IllinoIndiana

Miijlulppi

New

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Ohio

Orem

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missioner

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normal

schooL____

auditor.

Seretary

of State__

Registrar

of

treasurer

of

1Chancelor,

State

UniversitySonretary

of State_

Secretary

of State__

do

1State

librarian

Tenitorial

auditor /1S,==

etary

of State

4.1do

Governor

Secretary

of State_

secretary

of State

State

Treasurer.

uyasurer

State

treasurerlibrarian__

swum

.

.......-

1867-68

11858-61

1874-751849-65

182'644184.3-61

1868-19021860-62

1865-611861-69

1821-641834-67

11871-78

1844-51180-71

187$-N

'Oubaerfey,

11_,

and

voL

IL New

York.

7% 1927.

Page 30: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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BOARDS OF EDU

_1 ft _ = =_=

States_

A

AZ,"*_

t

_ ---

the

lowingonai provision:

office a&

s-

consist f--:IsT

ndepartments 4.

--

-

=7_

a, -.1 "---''- -------:-

their

ETA'r. TION

Starts provide for th of cOofvil constitutions ani 16 by ttut (: )

"

school

of

providing g

tib dctprovisions fo

Tint

included inor

aue ExecutiveGovernor,

I= eDepart-

14

Lktnart

28

Constitutional and Statutory

office Stateofficer in

Table for the cMel school ofiker in each oi

&sal

AlabamaArum&ArbiziessCalifcrniaCokwadoCkon--rticut

DelawarePicsidak_GetwgiaIdaho ....na

Aammoa.nammb.-

By cazt-e.:tuxi

ByMaki-to I

asOzy IRau

Indiana.KansasKmitawkylAmisianaMaineMarybAnd

MmachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMissisipptMisscniriMmtana

NeEraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew York

North CarolinaNorth lkota _

OhioOklahmnsOregonPtuansyhrania

a 40. 4a a a m.

Rho& WandSouth CarolinaSouth Dakota _ a a a. a a a.

TennesseeTexasUtah

VermontVirginiAWashington_West VirginiaWisoonsinWyoming

al

., a a

IND alb a a.

oo

a M.

41.

MB al. a. ow a

aaaa

articlesrelating examplenameti type ofment this Co onw?alth shall aGovernor, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Attorney General,Aud:tor General, State Treasurei, Secretary of Affairs,

Page 32: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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VIII

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are presen-_ I

in :able 13.

STATE L

and euperinteIr4e4,1; of Public Instruction." (C tion ofPe'flfly1Vfli4, W, IV, oe. I).

following is am example of the constitutional provisionsincluded in tha trtiel relating to -.ducatIon: "The GeneralS. ty 14-7.!I provide for the election, ity the voters o:of a Strt-a-Zn'-erident or Public Instruction w:c ,1-a-L; hold officefor two years and whose duties shall ke prescribed by law." (Chry8 z,e4,-, of Indiana, VIII, sec. 8) e Th tirlt State 4_ i 1-cak con-ston1 3im I r_ T the office .---.as VAcii:;,-* (11Se). Sincethat time SS .,'' oc-t-.4% hal,-* previii-4 in their respective Con-stuliots for th office (taill 1). Four States (Arkansas, Iowa,

----CADd, and Texas ei-.; one dm ha,[1: constitutional provisionsfor tha office but now provide for it ky v-it

SF-At-Ant cosstit Conti Lha affecting tha selection of thech.! occurred in ,';-2Isrtu-74 in .19 n; in7t-104:7-rizo7-4-- in 1g:::B. Thew ot only reporiwn-.. :74]:e

rent constitutional am Yaw:At/ affecting education, lout alsofled a tisteiti:tioni..1 trend i ine with widely pyu views ofeducational authorities. The constitutional amendments in both of

ew, _tat= :::kre,-i! from the system of popular electlort of chischool officers t. th jm of seloction y the State boardcation.

k4rici

there were nine titles for the chief State school officer.In Vole past 10 years the nualker.in general use has reducedtx, ix. The title superintendent of pr-lbV; instruction is UStates, commissioner o in it,tion i 4, çer

ir 27

. rd of free sef t tit the title

coiun ULL Commissioner of education a title thatmostcome

into since ky I Ail i dog bgr.

present !..0 IS 1421,

lef State adv...in 1

get

THE CHIEF Onim

a

The

As-the Stat,

only.

State school officerchanges most

re-

Stateof

DetiO zae;ebnE

_r0 6 a

In 1940been

education superintendent of educa,of schools in 2, director of education in 1,

and inpublic has been

hasuse 1900, and been 10 States.

this title is in useThies of the offictrs and the States

using the title 1940, and 1950-

Page 33: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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: STATE ------- ;- Li1AT:!

c:it itate cI4,i

Within I: ;-'=4_ : r__-w:r modified --

of chiefL-Li*--U L-Le *The_#-

LILM officer. 1Itr- the ofLi1k't-i. jj1

i-fl(LLr-i=U 4(I!Ti duties,Ens 1TUktrelationship with-4 = k- board E-

4 -=-----=4 '-retied ;_g --=: -- 'e_ -

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t- ,

t74tT £____t___..) tir: __ --'-

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of !Lhe L:;r:.:! S!Lt !v Jv Ci!; ?=-- is--'--- evidenced legislation

',- w(:LA=:-- ;Colorado

i=, -'1rq1--= #hj1:(i :LLL1:ttJ _; .t=_

-1 --;- -

:iti b: t: to E-I1Oi!itTfl,r? ?v Stt board__-4__

T:Te-! TTR 147:: F::i ::'iof1949, --- ___,

I_i-__ ik selecting =L' _1 school officerr=T:; 1v L-Veri

L::y ttriJ

.In y__1949 the --L

'--=-

-A ?__I L

chief State ii1 '!r rrti y :-_ the : .LlltflL Li board ofji- education.a.- T 1:r. _t! r

:: havey= ---- __1 that tile._-4 p-L;L:

-: _-.missioner shallI

=-'-_4

f__ - the w- _ t -% I:&__-_ ' -

.:- -_-r

:LIve ()rrlcer '31 Lfle LLU LKT:i1 !I IUS- 11jnrv wC1td

:tf u;=gt i:rti Mfj ri1: ttW tj-- (I

Ir:ar e:&:;1T :;- :sTYT !

F5t

2:; State board, --_; 4 ' -- == the + _ ç ktC I i =; I_i L=J I -;::f_ j==

-, A=1 !F7 tMAj. and

I A4 F= - State 4- I chief : .kr £ I

:

I , t= r_ --L ILWj ;:A j I Uiii rL;-

- +JAState education'JUc H

= _ I __- -:-_

tL L; t: '

'

=2i: I

£T = I£ and :i--? '-p- __- 7 _ & '

I* r= Ft-- _ -g -

r*

I_

T::_;; hisw i- rtiT =t'-I :

-rp =- E-

_, = t '- %-

t .-__ _

I . -__-L!iiLM :I- t ..

-,I

iuj of office a.d sakir LecrfsJ tithFl of the c}ef hci uJ9i= j r!n

3f::58mnri irc-i 3. and 4e term respectively, odefinite termre -sc:iti a: the =J-_S;ta:i board ;f tatjc;rL bwthm ix: AIj

!: '

Signilica;; it ffeI.

the past vehare

his, his qualincationsi4_11his Stale

nd legis iv nx-fc.-.01

d finite trend towardappointment school officer State txxdby in five

Wiatottri nd 1948, amend-method selecting chief State

from pe the of

T datures,

chsziftappointment be ppointnierf State

seel-Ae.ion

Statesof or

education. T alsoin several other States.

a fromsuperintendents by p. a.poL tzt:st, Liv.3.

o:

'

people r

tx. $

efr,te

,

eMP--st

E.X-44

Treerriae.. am i

=D-411)10

t1],

-Jo-I -

ikt

on et of9

h t cers

a

inStatki

toof education.

of theto

as824s.

4

con-as a

affn ofoffice Sthte Maine, anshiftel.i 2-, in-

theMats.

Page 36: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC
Page 37: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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-- - .

_g-= I nflAm:z AT' EDUCATIONSTATE --'--- -= =:

- -- 4- a -

- ______

:=_- I F1 -;u

A _ - - -

--- ,-----

'-- - -- -

-

r

G.&_._._ S S e a a _ _ _ . _

Walk_ _ e S S e a aS eeeaeSsaIllinois- _ aas e 0 See a

--- -

I owa. _ __ _ _ - __ 0 S S S _

gi_ - - - - .. -

- . - - .- -

Ib_=___as Se e a a - - = -

M.$ki__ S SSS 0 e flS -

=1CZ1=5 = - e - e a t a -

flrr=. = _ -

-

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.. afl S SS 0 S - -

,r- _ _ a ate a -

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L W I - - - a a _

--- ;__ --- = a a a -LL=-

;-_ :

'- a a t s St

- 0

18961

2

--- --.------

-- -- _d&__-=-___ 1

- -

Pope _ _ _

do_.-:

_.._..do._.._._t__

te.S&as a- --H

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&L-

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"--- OeS-afl"-

çvera

cv-_ a - a a a - a

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H-.. S S _naa etase e

0 e

:::T- a

k----'-

I General ::

! _ a an a 0 a

----d,__a .__ ____t_ a a

! a a

} a - - a e a - -

_=_=__ac-

---- LW

State -a:a-

-P_.

--.------a --

-Wi___________ --

- a - a -U& - a

- --

- aa-

I

*_=a a a

aw--=a aaeLata_=_ --a eflSI -----ek_----------

I tL.----''---a -------- __=--------ov ag___

a a -

Gur'_= a--a-----

IFU -

i-

,_ a a - -

Rhzx Ett board... State br&_._ -c.._ ttt - .a L a a . f a a

a - a

- a S a - S a

::___:a:::e:A:;

S S S S a a

!i_' eaa-e S e -

a -a a - a t a a a - _ - a a a - a--'- -- - Se a es eat _

Tune. a a S t S t e ----------------- a S S - - -attb.._.. _ __-______t a .. a- ----- _ _____ a a a a S - . _ - - a .-

Ia

- ---a----- aaa-* . a - - ja-'I =

!=

--.---- -u-- ------ e.tata----- I _-wa__k:__

Iy- - a tt t tt at_aja

wtK1;_fl_==_

- - a t - - -------dø

_ -------------------- . _ _ . e a a a _ _ ._ e e ------wP,

I 40 _ _ a .- t 3_____________.-a aat-.- - - - a;a

i I

d0"---i" ------------- ! ------ -------------

of

1840

4

---------St. &rd -------- IPk -------------.40------------- I

Waco ti.--m4.0.

Peop .. .- . . _ . . . _

a - q-n_ __ --------___uo-= -----------

. a = __ckb_ -------- .. - .1

---------

c- L 1

cFV!rn --------

DX b. = - S a a

Peop ....... - - - = .. -

ti__..dO-a ---------

rtl

-------,_-WJ-..--.-

State tjri1__.......I'- _w_'I_ -t= - ---------

Ixm a

k=___

a C=;W- _ a e a e sssssss

I- . _ .dL _ _ _ _ __ _ e a a aI55 5 a

. ----- tnstasae.Se, a a a-a a t S t 5 t S a e aa.

W-a -----

a - - --

I __

IS..t ac-----------a- --------------

- -a- -

a

-a

People.a---

4s a-

&,w

-a

State beard.Governor.Pc

a . -- -

a

F

prIUL-5 (LTi -ii tj. 4'J tJ=,L

= = -= 4- such aa_ ffiVL - =- -- -a a_ -IJJ-L -a:

Ljj + i£1L1LvD ui tiurautl;oñzed Lty hv [IT aS f011OW8 a

1rs

iL S I-etzient of th Interim, Bureau of Education flt- 1I21 T tk! of BtteSchool of!c::- 25.----- -Fa Security AzeIe7 Mention,U. uue itui

aa1a z:o Z 1State Bsd of dtction d Mitt StMO choo1 '3fPr Tbelr Stt LI

00 kM

4r

AADMILI ..aAjr-as-4.-r-* -

Delaware..

I

People .

Peopledo_ a. 00

State board_

No

...10.06.:IT_ c : Ar

......

L. 0 Z.

-

....

Mcgagm-

ea 00.

,_

.. .

...

..

People

do.

d*. ..........

a

do

lie. w a . I L ..... . . . w

.

how

People.booed.

ft

Au. _ dehmgdg....

_

a a ek)do

to .dodo S ...... ...44 ... - -44

-

t

No aloe

State bL

I

e

- +

mw

.115:,

A,

.JA 2! ---- -7,--

.. do.....doGovernor.

44k47-M .....'54

_

.

0 f

.Sas-.

AD Me a*

ole41h4...ey,ndaffSb

;(freM1=...'

_

.40

ritOaltS40

- S

-do

%)."do

a.tia

State board.

IftellOS .00. w . ...OP 010 M..

P et,U,Mats tra

PleF'ftVenta

W. a a

a. 111b1;11.

920,

avayta.

Governor:411-1mueroot_.---......

Goverm5..40

41&

. 00

i;ft .

000.. .....

a

DUDNog*

kr*; . 40

. . . .'

INN-04

...... AD11/401-40e6

Slats boort

Mate bawd.ftralmw.

0 ..I. . . AM .

.V. . 0.t

.

en. nato Moor&The laws of th States generally pre rib who hall kt the

?tate boards, au z* th bowie,re.

. 4Tok.J.

.

Si otand

_

State by State,1950

State

1

Alabama...

........

. Aye

Maryland.-..

Dakota..

......

Wats.

*NNW

WO

do.

fill1100 .40,040.....

IN

Governor..

assembly

Pool* ......

GovernorPeople... .

Peopleat

.........

CkAMMINI.....,. ..... We.POW. . ......

10

do.. a. ....W.

ausambly----

Mr

besrd._.

1010

do

-....do........

..- -

ID

do

do

Peopis.epis.boatd.

.do

Board of

a.

. _de

4114L.... ...V.. ...... OW

.....

of

..do_

040.*.

StaleiMMINIL*0,4MOW.0.0. 0

. . .0 . ... dr MD411=11111Wa.... .do...... ...... a

ra=smo

.....do

a a

People.

Nevis.do

a .

. I141

. .

S. XesogrosiPowers.

"1

Page 38: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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Ma

I

Alskame:

Arizona:I "a4

aaa

i governor preside4.10

ra-al£rT ove11or is enni ma a

1-1nAA _A--

board 4 a=e4. a r:

--ta= at-5

educationLCUji "alt

e ft

Si

is

a_ gtaga

the criaua t-_. -7,-. -

one of .7=;-

school superinte

ma*.**,,=.a_ dent is

and 6 ,a;rm n. a

secretary an

E Aff - 7 .6 a a--=a-- 4 A E E ',a-Ta_=-a4

tte superintendentThe board elects

it :7-117-kara-lt 't,1, a

president;vice

Merida:

Georgia:_1-

Idaho:

Indiana:board

is

one oi

execu1ive vp.

aa6-

rrs president; the State super-officeL

a Art *7 ,LW 6r =-7==- t,S W411- CM. Si 1

itsa A,

Aaa.convc ent Ind=WWI niroms""..169 chairman

necessary; t 4.6 66 ..r-vik"la ta

and ft _

..!`_

J, r-,=niay a a Aa a th

len1l7 of board; fetate ;&II..

.i-..-

the Sn'a-e4t5 E

r4

_t r_I LI mem

6 aaLALLyt:

1 aa-a-a a_ aa

i . -a v

-= rM= officer.

ne governor Berm as _9

instruction as nek4eTatary And

61;7-aaa

The board

- -4 -var. L%4=4---

the mi--"ta of

on, of its =---leinimrs as chairman; the State-r e bra

makes rules -aagnu regulations for its a-alVT Se

V A_taa.

&=.;

government.president joi4kv a

a -faa a=4

-oL t own members as F a=7 na treasurer.

Kansas: The State superintend-finsecretary who is not a rnner oz

Lostiskwa:president

y

is n te-,1 theI6.- a executive;the board.

from its membership a president

E7-

a State su isa secretary and exerethave officer.aaeta -a-4as a# *

Mahn: The board elftts itsmiss one r of 6.1 atton

,antE.

A

A

ehaiiian andex

aa

2 Car rinairlan; the Stoofficio secretar; mnd executive ordcer.

elezts one of its members as

The

president and oneState superintendent is secretar-l ireasu L er ,

A A *executive .._aa_-4mtRAI oner education is g A 6--= 9

Mats superintendent secretary am.

Stt superintendent4

-k&itiT=-.Botta taa 6

the

I g

ecntive w-fm..4ser.

Wert A =6- -A =a

-fftmr.

AAissikt The State superintendent twave øiciTrom Its

a 4t _AC

aa t aa T

u6

Ng:PT-MIA a the

it1 -7-- a saaga g

t2Z: -81T

Mantmet The governor is --77-7=-101aent he = r----

A-mnterIa=.===---fz-tb 1.1=1:11.

and eXeCUtiVe

and vice

the State

, CHM STATE SCHOOL OFFICER

i the Butesecretary not chief anut

&Alta secretary.

TkU eu7n-

Cdirrdes boardi ten-oat is seer-;ta

Colorado: The_ S

hotm--43-- Gibers and yap-points uelt aa be

En 0 whomlye a the tb superintendent

4Zhe one as prati nt one as

superintendentpublic exeectiv

i-natifsint i svative

The superintendent is officer;One

baa Dads

board and a irks

asvice tht

=am

The I.

i damn 14y thei

is 11 in

7a74:- goats membership--1"..e,T' tttr-z- --v.isanEntionw

board one 02 ts!mvtliemit is

ta.4E.

'JZ,Lieat; super-

35

is

Arkansas:

.

maya secretary,

Dels4wwe:amd

officer.

elects

a

The

com-is

Maryland: The board

officer.

Massachusetts:

Mkbigear

The

Mises& The apresident; is

Hevaa: Thesecretary officer.

Page 39: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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15

a

=

irEa-

---.-- --.g

_

-11: 6-1L A.3

- Jersey:A A

Avg w=a---._9 0*

=-A A-# a - g Ea 9 _9- = =

1-

A A w-f

0 a Fa ak7-=t --e

governor

_b_A- _ag A=

AA.AAA

A 9a.ff.t ve # r_ A

ie superintendent is

- TA rgi== Aa A

secretary IC-- T1 ala A

"'LEV0-a-, zmte 5

executive officer.The governor is president, the State superintendent,_ p va= d1'4WanlITIVP officer.y

WW

4andsioner

se-cr

a-a-a regents ch---ain byIch other officers a.5. tne

Theofficer.

governor A

Oklahoma: = A a-a superintendentc

Oregon:

Pommy E

V

officer.a

aFri An.

=

0

itsiteofficer.

V _eAIN

vernordesignates

_

_E -WO

A-

The

The Wa

zie cia_

is

-----A--....A. a _A

The

ballot tulib chancellore,==s--

-== = necessary

president; the St

AIS .W-ra f.fRE _A =-A

chairman;

- - A

member

oneeducation F,

a

and

0 #0- A a

Statechancellor,

commis-

superintendent,

executivthe Eurwrintenean

of Lii staff asrvrintendent is the

the1 ff FAa #=0----A,

A-

irn

Stat1_0ua

its

secretary

officer.

is executivethe 3

theexecu -1 A w

071 necessary.

A

chairmaneducation

members as

superintendent,

and executive

f N. A A ^Ord.__- T

ae

A- v v 9 officer ==. secretary.its va- LA AAA a Ci

the e -C.11 riI, -L= a=a

"A-a. ge4 AE W Fa.= =- 9. A A0-=

boardmember OT

# hekLT AU

bienniallya AA -AA, A

LA-A=A

gvt- ff.-- ----a

dent is

superintendent

and 'T

a

board tiThof- A_I e _ ea. la1-A-

VI ---rAaE Cre A1% CA.

a member as president and some personthe board as secretary. tii

eXAy=1"- trL

tA a-w ta F hthe .--Byt s

e_

The

State suixrintendent is

tma superintendant is ti&iident and .= ta,---4uve=WA.

asthe a a04-*-11 vm

T

a s = I.&ap ---_ A es =7 .=A A AA

-

=AA .Aaf.'17-U

OM%ff E. p

A-A fa_ A 1th ntemimn a and one

rItS a the 6=A.A A = y

is

The board elects a cis secre--._1y.

Qualifications -L 0ofb s... 9.,....

-te - 2 e: N 0 '7--''-;---*i-t-,'N'='' -;-- - a "..',.=7.----- ft --f-Q

_

M 9IZ

9 Ak::V

--.

egE

= A-- A E

for hold;ra-5: the

by

Aft

en Ma FA3 .-

School

-----ionar of

n

oliates

-eV*i ntion of cidei

T.-

eae

a-e 19,a 3 3 a3w _- es,

- OF

namesand

StetHew sem-and

The

this executive

North Carolina:d 'executive officer.

StateThe State

*Mimi and a ofState

board has as StateSwats, Ca.()fins: chairman; the Statesecretary.

emossev:.

I IT 7 --t

elects of chairman; theof

dl

executive r.The governor designates member

Themot a

thofficer.

&siteVirginia: elects one ef auvice re:Celt; it State

1.

Wyoming: a education

ci

These qualifications prici1 y the XiTtion, or t1iJ or Iy

are certain

I.

t. t

New

of

a

West

State

State schoolofficer. are constitua-by constitutioR and

Page 40: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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loso

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*vim

TEE CH=

Ens rega_ e aua

of anProt-.

71 _

A =A=.6 =1.1 of

r-MciencDit.f liclv

unite qualitim

education:A or generalto be a eitiz

tm,

an elected*_be nie in States whe:---e he is

a resident,but in three State_officer iu3e._ not bementtVD11-1&1' vote

676

it

E school.66a.

=A

been

iie established educationaltiiandfiris. Fourteen

school, but a ----nrnro

grade certf:experienceA

=-"="

a 66- s.

reCIT themlieu of

specific legal

.1 L5Ift1Ofl3 6 Arkansas, ICvnWyonting.

States =L-r g a

Arkansas:

(5 of wu_

university

=" nater.===

cat&

Colorado: Such

=

A = A A =7_ _

w p E ETc=7-EL =

in

a- a

-7s

=.

6 4=

and

State

N==

h . 4 1a A....ma......,,w A 6-=

from... coilege. la -*1 %En I 17/p

A-

6-6

6-

-

L=Yui= = = a

6

I or 4

-

= =25- a

STATE !CI ar?

Th =fttthe-chid Etas =hall relate chiefly t. nd

qtahiensat,', all,r the gam, as for *tierStC-A. officers. The States that noir

educational nature do so by tute.Stiao_2? either umi, Its

requires its hid State school ±4ce of thes wouldofficial. 7in most Stat,_40: ik required

the laws provide that th. chid. resident f the !7=-:.-4_-:w.--te t -alto time o ppo'nt-L States that do Lot elect chief State school cArs by

have no legal r*vsion ufrmn Stateresidence, i iL that a nonresident ASchief o severalstativ.

0 : r. ImP".".7 -n*-t queffiesto ,

most flexible &staggr::.-ustiage from college orwill accept or "highest incollege Among the States

E tr Inig morerly g4a o extent of and other

school lam :U for

GwAmata of a air college; niztiadministrator; ym experience in work.

experience; ; 0 Cli; QUM) tracheI* responsibility) State teachers

per ei tatiton;

qualifications Efi 11-L7.V appropriate.aat r standard college; nays'C327-0e;--) other qualifications b State

Goon* *Mar32 *12'. graduate or 5 super .

-Macy experience.

Valid State cArtiii,caiKt--;%'-r7404. xformaaivet i-sLAVoystkv = actually award ire the state Isabil schools.rive years', QUM 8 teacher

college, normal schwa, or unive-nira

OFFICER

officer age re-which are

elected

every

Certainly thishe to be

a

and thatmay be

State school as has done in of tile

the 24have fairly

requirements,Maryland, Nevada,

qualifications the chief

as5

Recognized qualifieti technically and byholder as a

of

pro/elisions' be ded&slaws*: 5 teaching and adminis-

by

years' experience as

(teachers') of school,or

Iowa: or a

Page 41: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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orm

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!ilin

uEns

umm

oNam

ilani

rtar

tzni

ll!!!

1

r ,olu AT= itL!=L __p ___

r Kansas: Hold 1:et tv :tn tn!n' c:rtifleat; ridez;t f- yr. W: cef CrEK1t!z1 co1: I1Uur4' H3=: courses; az 10 yea xprIeiie ID Wci t::i yir ini

MayIg:= P3r1enced arid dtWMW:" ffl!h1fTth7Vfl?perezu,e in :ea:h:g ar(3:

gr&duat of a it:e: ;: years jprf1!!JL)-Y1

1ThiiP:ifT-I

£Ai

_1_p

_T rauate ox a unImr-. cxi or !oivai cu ; o Yeayi ezperince as teacher c

a4I---= Tt1ffi1iw

in f1

F!

Montana: I':;1ñz=r of &ate fifget. c: highest wadant oni&i !w; &e 1±barci c-f E;jucarny i: ==: normal schooL: Hg; Must be -1der of h!ght ra4 &to c.rtifeate

LIL

Heviia: of r!; or 11:ver!=1ty; a hthfr;r of Sf r4-p':g1:1 jit: cw iri-iMi

I&- _ I _ ; - = I _

%- credit

-

w - _w4 1 -=_=_

,t

1#

Ii

.

Skilled i1 nm1:

.;

__8_E4a a

work E * a _e

t a

a +'a a

a

---=1'w AA e W= J -IUCULUr "and shall k

Lii 1 I ___1;;Iv4 UL&y Ma4=y

=N t6;; Holder of Iiw1e. State timbers' ertIficatOtk not be iit 11, iiv11PIIIa 4ftiat notH-I: al!v ttLIer

': b person ef literary i1 scientific atta!m.t *d of_i1;ail-I 1_ 4

;; 1LL&in schools cf =iiz; nJinc u-vtr wIie1i he authority.

ai-= a -=_ have broad

a =---a

=- 'u tj

a- i a aa ability JL L -L t.r fr!! £and cn;io! of 1itj-. svsteiiq a!xiat)-:y Ii and

cf jth1ieethonr3i'

cute cnr= issued 1w the uidi iioc a master'sIu& =cb; fk+iiE 1mt iiA pa

w :=_=_-_=-

-_-tate, or grac1uat oi University, co-liege, 1a riciiij ehocLVen ShE11 have kali special trththig arn ueienee in jaJ- Vk1k$ E}!I he

ed1zeEtor5 4w. I!!a?: Kn: 4:-ft) aadiiY1

.

;r aim :a , VP-r- Ex1rIiit:e 171.

w:

b'.W!-: .

S

,.

4i

a

p.

a

. c.

.t:

-L

4

_ -

3

4

,

y1, - -

"pi- ; . 0:.1. .`44'- . ,1- 1. I, ..,_14,44.1. 'lc f , : V .

N. . . ._F,-r- --7""'.'"'.1.--sk-- '.it 1 f .., ,.. _.1., .. I .1 . i ., ode

Fr

--411

Et f1MS (!atO

ent,_;-.:

;21

superintendent..- 110111

ex-Ali

pmpm-a-

attAlay--r- and :viewd education (idexert?-ate with functions tik

__0-;-sdna university, college,

G -_-vtuateeerneate -a* the

of a4, = 6111P. je-Trit by actual t

officer training

45

14

f it:-_ fria_31!.--batifttrio

e

kaat,

net

_ I I

n- lit- -17

02

erpiA etw, 36.est

kmn

ICUli f"

*

ZAI=1the iti-.41-__=a-u-k.-.. "--77-f.__

414 le ki-t_-,==-4-4, managesk.4--.7i,lt, iwuithe- -L=0-9rattb ; Gii.26

Stateg=.

. 4-4---.!4-_-Am e /a' ,-------_---.-, 17:_

andkat school cvrtifi

ming.

Ime_

-,- .41

experienced

'AR

aktigiProfessional .ajaial

1=8

A

_

1:

I

11115e--

I-

.1.11.=....e

I '

e

)t

$

, .. . ! .klik .1 i' .cz v j* , f I

r l r ;i ' . --r..I' i" 4 s `...-.14,1.-- If-'

2 ,- -1 a , , - 4- 4 ......-.... t' $V-04.1' .,,,. f_.4,',1r.41. .'teA, --- i .. -.. :...- -I- -..--. =-E,L ....,-.-7. _ , _ - `- I _ ._,.

.

d...111. .

. I

4

80

State)'.

academic and graduate in

breadthadministration public and the financft r&ing .heraoof office.

a or

tftich-the hoursattendance or

Hempshko:experience inneed not be si

Shallpublic-school ales.

a

Tualiflia---i -teach

administmtois'dwz--=

a

-as school

Equilalent graduation from a standardless than public-

of State grade certificate. .p.

Page 42: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

IOW

ph

wan

i010

1111

11IN

Ifika

iudi

ll111

11fil

inom

omm

ilIM

Ill

are n

g

earned 7ft_

v

ucation10 of

= IsZtiger AO

I

:1 1a CIa

maste,study'

." A=

A

_ -W *

Salmi 'WMA #

= _re. M

A S-w*

I P.&WSI Scti1y A

# _ _Fr a ff--=-

46'

_

.17

t

THE CHIEF STATE OOL OETICER

Act tzliA0 ...-AJ'hough fewer than one-thfrd of The Stzchief etars school oricere gr}zuatci..-: ofor university, there ,are ye:7 few if any

bents who college graduates. many O then havecompleted iu-f2te :44 for the and doctor's

k.e 19. 0 Office of it was found at in1,4) the Sate 'school officers

held honor degrees, ustut.ly that of LL.D. It was no! thattuiy- atat I th hid State school officers nly 13.8 Re

cent held cgnomf dmitre compared with 62.5of those who were tppoin:_e by the State 71's: and 87.5

[lant of Clan by the Governor.

L. W. Board. of Chief SW=Legal Powets, Washington, U. S. Printing Once,U. 8. Oere Education, tiiip MO. No. Go Monograph

."11.1

by law require astandard college

degrees.

addition'in

degrms, aspercent

appointed

and Keescvker, and: Their Statue and

of

I 1,

ar

Page 43: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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1'"'''

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M111117131111

1111111,1ml!

w

)

.

kIflu1

i_

%,

1

State

board

riffér

iii

of E of

ctIciFl:

degreE-

:nd

scoe

amOTc

the

F-es-

riuigh

from

d

metionaL

avisc-iy.

or

nominal

su;ivtsicn

of the

typesr

Luirc

Connecticut,

Ft-U

W cL

ULIL.&

New

York,

North

,fiL ,

w-

the

State

officer

mem

ber

-'i=

school

C the

-"tate

flt

, '-

I was'

E 24 the

decade

r=1-rn

(T r

=-r'-ii

in During

four

'- --- -& -

-'----

-

-,

States

removu

tte

chief

schco-}-

cficer

at ex

officio

rcipr

vas

alsc'

EflfjVEQ

as ex

officio

chairman

r;f

tP Qj flj'

Thei

'has

een

a constant

tendency

over

manj'

ars

to-

clarify

the

legal

and

administrative

relationship

of

the

ehie=

State

schoolofficer

with

that

of te

Ste

board

Therc

are

ina

W!lich

ftctorsaff:t

the

legal

aspects

of

this

relationship.

States

vIdch

irovide

constitutional

status

for

tie

chief

StateBelli,:

;flicer

and

alsc

Drovide

for

his

election

by

popular

vote

tendto

a-dvanct

te

ideperidence

of that

offieei

froth

the

StMe

boardeven

ftllCI:

in some

in:tant:e

a cuaIIt:

01

OfltO

OT

th

exer:1-s-e

of botFi

ioI1eymakiiw

azd

executive

functions.

in moi4as

E=hcwn

1:r

i1e

1:

cIai

tate

oflicrt

}uwe

con

i:fl

are

IT$

fl=-__i

TT'

TerSe

Inj

=-

status J I,

wvthe

school

__±=

LLP?

.

CflItI

tw:z

-flCPT

1; I

Jt±OIIRJt1

Lie:v1iere

tie.

i. n

mck::

plum'

the

executive

officer

of

1ie

boardL

theb3-ard

iFL11iiav

retains

LLIIcI

e-rCe-:

Lfl11flEUV

t

.ni

school

officer

t1(=iIIE;

? c-':ie-x

rtate

was

2XFCflhit

OCZrof }=y '::

I(4CUUOfl

In 2E3

Ftatea.

A he

ii

e,ec!JfthTE

cei-

of f

ilE:

tEi

Loard

In 87

Statee-4il

tMIt

)1 LileStates

!-1r!4

boards.

-

):-

.

-

e

7L.

-

r

Loga

z-=

r==

---

G V

0

e

_az

mat

g

-

g.b

e'.-

-HE

ta found

,trit,

5,

-kg. , =

i 11 Michit: , , Indiana,

4 the

strong

,.. :Ilicr-

-- - J 1,-

and

centralized

associated

-i-

the

Statea 2

11;1

.

Carol-in&

-!.,ILA

StateE:

*

y

him,

Sta school

Ma

State

1-94

LAt

.4

and

Functions

.inStates.

State

andPane-.

8

Page 44: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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EI -37 7 72_ 1

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ave no State.n Sta

are

which

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- =3 Pi_

I zw71-t- I AT3_ f

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provisions,=

,

--12

respect

ZEE .2---aafiaa.-

constitutional1-2_0-7a2_27-= r

=

AND Or 8 41

Varyi degrees of control with respect tication

,t)

vested a chief State school officer of It Ls cus.to -b.d ore to the

-State school oikeer in those St", board ,;.;control commasuck boards. Forty States now hive State boards ofand ee-oz in of these _ta chief school *Met

mower, 5L,--,1_-, writrni b t otters, especially pt Lr,.v_,:4 in which th

Statei d the State l'i-,-.rd of au.-

board. Sta,;-_-his --It-_-tr- givenar-,:* to him directly by

, u is the _ ._.__,....' ei --, .

6 . c:1 P.a. with to State 1-8-._-;-__, 6 ! V ofeducs::

9

a

et

a

-

LEGAL REATIONSHIPS

hasboard, respect

Page 45: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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txve Drutices and custmns in the vanone finds that powen cr funefio7A vedtk77-R

UE

are frog

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of all adminis-3tates. For example,

State Imrda ofperf----.1 by,

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Stat-__stated.

:_.... _t to this outAim sze Iwzght diwr___,_________ -...___ _....___ Tleferred,fil .The _,__ '!_

than th z===-L---1 Zta=e bwird a olueation. Tin %twat* kw& orcomrldi irwiudal am lialt* u those "num pewirW in_ -__c.!Jo= nia --,._Ai

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a jo sang p2--al alp .m.ouN 03 uvaoduq Spuaningsm. Emig 'aeA--.1±.#LoH 0.4 Zunwpa suontoad pruoptnIgsa-goo u alvolPuf o j 11 RP( gm Jo SPnla v ujimp Ritnoann oa4p olgrraprsuaa

ams 11.1-ks-Td Ton-pg igpaom uJo gwvoti ai-E-743 alp Jo; .8unasu Ja3jO Jaill!

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Page 47: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

ffIR

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Administration

t

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and s_

t I -

Agricultural

t N a _-_ ,If 1_111_

roam,

=

A

-AA= A .--

- bY Popular

t1

I

boards or commissions whose fimcc

thas to wisaramane tis1 of ,the v 73. and funezo of iitPzto: eurAtio and chief State 4Tiicera. Fund

di in-)0t* general State of

!Ards 0 ett r .11

swy only indirectly oroz. educational fu

withschool raers,

MiceI

I.

Jo ger.Ji

.sfs_A!:C titj_

1. provision for AsopmMi C' Governor,_

intmadent, and nine !e' niertLImrs appoin

of State, Encino- -"um Step, T&kW!: -74 "

& P-_--qvio: _42 State agency or:Z--w--,lernifitAtott (1 State educational !iftt1-1. .7: ,Organization *I --Z,:,,te Department

_

Administration o andeleatew--.---- a.- ndftTy ' M.0 State tX and ----1=itig,V school

.

4T-_:---i,

Determination ef minimum *f study in elementary andi-.--._:,--tni _. -7 schools.

Su+1;rifni Iwo a -;,:.hool buildings and

Tra.:n ,ne and c* 'Imtiere I teachers.,_,_.__,..-_,.- ,,..,,,,,i,..,--. _,.

,_ of that %on-oimeit of_ .

. z.-Attis, school library e-s,t1i,00.Administration of sta----, teachers Ot-z-,--i-:--i-.

kitsil iztration of vtg-,-;'a °nal --&-ocatlion.Supervision of ak:u110;1410*P-Z' -34---LI: in eivaTitc_-_::_i: insti-tutions.Administration of four fa- btik-ilk,.AITAnistzet ion --Qt St-Lt 6. -_--? for N:-.:y r1=-:---=-

of and

Aorelt ,:iles alma Federal funds for

fti--0Varlitor.

schools

1. for Stabsvote ovary

2. .t,; officio Noe-a- kw- and ,ftivuttviv *Seer of State ; t= officioEntiliffInn- of timi-ells ci State University, Stet; Po1y. atic Institute,nd AlabamaPrincipal tta feat:

4 atueattseribg nags

CB'

amid stattia, ith: a patentsubject t® s_ tate

I.

4

4

BOARDS OF thUCATION

incidentally affect education. A considerationassigned

isto aboards

schoolsepatlite or spetial boards often limitationsrespect bo-ards and chief State

A

Sato Board cii

Legislative board State Super-by the

2. Exercises "zeneral the publicthe Co Ilnw,"

of

Managenientof

.

Mechanical College for

education.Stat Supomint.adart

a

also

College.agent

and gradingand secondary schools, approvalBoard.

Page 48: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

- ---- = = - POWERS

, :=akn annual'z_=i

__t::bicJ:

1cv1ew-1r1T ffCti-cris j()JJCT

i4Jpruvut uA cntw:i

1n 14tfli other aut}ioriwd agencies, trcr1b1rc forapproval =-

forJA A-)L =_ &-x q&i=; fr!L 4J

reLtar vI &Cflx;1 mLLu!SIL

_=;= -: I- =

1 4t board r melL Lat higher ethicthmn -t: httact=er8 cOI1ee aI;Ø- U tWC INeTO cc41eg.

n of . A t :__ F==)UUY F7 ç

r=piirted 53 :}3 E:;t_=t Board cfState J g=

JE Textbook flh[PJiZJ5-' bY

tatc I{ll7T1 or iCtio On IOflhIfl!gtm jf

terticrit : r1cGmmenis Urw inct fl1CTtA)F1LJU8 t?Xk2 fl Ttffl

a Textbook c-- f 4rc:rof _

k T

Sfe I**rdn_

aThe if -*;=%

5 -= a - - - = a = a _ie

f £ ===;u; - - - a E -- _ a == Ift:

c:vx:; Syste!ii(= ;;it

e :: a 1i)aIi ;1 tc-::, a-- '- .ILLj- f

School:UA Public : # ' County *

!.;-L==if- , .' .--ULffi-

boards IUX the &aL institution 5 iTfi% be irovided by law."1# The rj!pq foy a a± c: : h

:taie zr4aert CII ,LaM Ur11v-ers1L=, afl ritvsuperintendent, 4i rr-r& A ojtv !:crfljTI;a EgTr:cj wenea1

j +t y-ih+ thep-c Sfflf: . e;yw3Idry chcK)

01 1 w- ---- for:Itt: n

Atlnitrut::nn Qf enpyt Wfl4j7 c}j$ &flt- junior:

Increase : -'- State;

;_ --J_IJ=ina;:cJ1: O course c! stv 1i the schools."

b=

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-- !Fi I ri LTT1 f-T JWj =- - - --- =

f

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haoki.!lonniant of schoolEitforeing law and ruin of State Board.

kcal bwith

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institution e 't4 te

Course of frogs iipEducation twi recommendation of

4A4ent.7

7AILEa5ttm : ew' of %areal z-vi.. berg*

State Su [j] zrin.subject to

-re-vaaing Boarii : State Su 0-41--,n.Directo,: of

1,- Retirement --,41: '0Zr.I.PC1-67 of seven mown e-cleteRupv.r' Arcitant., Treasurer, Dimisr elf Finance, the Executive'reirTy of St41 -_r` Education Association, all ez otntus, and three meztt-Flan ahm.444 from tao members oi Li,e Retirement Syst4r

gdm.tio

o,_

shall vested State ita, Super-rn!rEig

.! .

Constitutionersiv;r1;rriortSuperinten nt,

aby the Governor.

=

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if

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45

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health

members

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Textbook Purchasing Board.

tendent, and Department

Ser-

Arizafiao

aa

(principally

State

college&

funds.

free textbooks "commontextbooks incif

Enformmentsbuilding&

Page 49: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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Administration

sogww-__.--..

-==stitUtiostruction

,Administration

on allthe

E-S A. A

of tW I.

Teachers'UAL

provhsionelected

ea-4- E I *_

aa,s EDUCATION

teachers coflegestblic. education,

State-A-A g

g ..--

University.4ve

AL-C7 Ulk els iAg

Stat.u.ai vote.

a& officio member.0,1er Ni

ne_Dal nt for:tx&-zution oi

RA-U.S:

noarus.

euucaLia

t'-`1. a 2 r StateviLrioUtiOfl

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officio01-s rwre veee4A

Commissions

vHLe= 'Jimembers, including

L

5- --VT

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funds.

# n na. 1,N Cr g

44*

Superintendent of Public In-

S eaeLea Lr Board

See Separate

policj

T I a

W c I

...,tati_e Curriculumdent 5 o4-4Liu

8. Commission -1

4.L-S-

and four

_

Council

appointed by- theCommission:

aproinLe

r&lentiaappointed

of Educational== .9-P E

2-9 992 =-=

seven othercation anct

members

he ate

of -aL74 (.1

Governor.

ca,t0P nriasae a

ST1.21 _W--*Lf F- s1.7%.-ie7-FAtAVA 4= 11,

below.)

4-ho &Atev

Superintendent,

Composed theofuy him with

_iomposed of

Planning_

-a A = S..1 A

nointe-fd iointr=

nomination'mint a-saidRecreation

this -V fit

doesou-L lam

State Board of ____:wcatkn

1. AoratiLs-°VW. I

2.

(1710

sity.

oc Regents of

Commission:- Tor

W

A

0

State Superinten--t-71.-.er

= State

State Superintendent

*LA-fut Lyeby thethe

Superintende

Compa-se= of4-year overlapping

*- A3Al. ,e-;Li

State

6terms:

A

Board or7,-

& V si

Presidentine

=7-=

==aiE=I.

members aprminteaes I E.@

S.43 eZ3,

recreationp acLivities.

Colorado

t e

ofTtrovision _Li-x_r 4 LA; coinpose-aeachA. OX

large=.19q -0

co ot-grlo",rsLoA xte,A

ana encourages

La electeddistricts g-,n

members,one eileuaci:

the State ejriNLit__4L1011, general supervision of

powersofEItgi (IA

andnex State a. -ay;

fin Lleg 01 hallA A._ be,ruction't IS vested,siature in

as a ule_-_-71---Lne,,,

ff 5a a =--a v% bile

in a Board of Education whosePI bra 6Ser.7...prescribed by

boards 9x.

eit-ne A 02-AA. -44 g_% v=4-- State

A V

ev 61-0 v 7 I VA-4 *-Fe4- gAZ-S &

*a=-1. W

r-Artefttie41.

thes s- - _

WaLWIt77=7. Fducationz,oven-im

Y4.

Ar

State scOol, library service.State

of higherexcept

Mind.ale

.2. aby

Secretary and executive officer o thehead of the Department of Education.

S. of governing of the Stateeducational State Boards,

decide& uponaebr

$

school

S-1-tvorefee State

1. lima Composed of16

2.

theofBoard.

theothers by him.

and Coordination: Composedstate State UniversityEdu-the Boarduponof State

the6. M.

byconduct

4

..-"-,,

r

e

four atUnder tschools of vesto.

. . . . .in keel

1949in ch of State

I

ot

4

.

The

Page 52: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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irwr---=-1 a =-1 geV aa

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tat=e =

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V fA A L.- A f- p

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StE-_-A #77E. ra a- a . e-V -ar---_-_-a---L-s,Aa_Amaaaa

The State Board is vestedare necessary Aor gallium!includin

A he

The

1=4

boards eaState Boara

Ci A ASafeaat

with .57-

r 4==

a Ee-

a

_ =. _ .02,

iffilE=6-6effgaa

a."

a

resD04#&a_.,-sieribil;tTy_ =-

the puoiic sch

Commissionerappointment of a Stateserve at tile pleasure

I I cradoption GAAAaA &Yr-L I-a-AAA

EtheSadoption

ta V=EF

=-7

AIW

1.

ds-

Eon

Ui--a

*

1.4.- ae are

Kau L11-e2

N Education WnO

_ M 1 S %..-7. -. -- E f -4.i...1 ta C. A=n i IAA L. 1,

,=== i ionsunervs ors .._

ea-a_ ...a

advisory aid in consauctiocertification vcffla.

blank fnvm _7*1

teacheyro

orkalim-Lion of the

Constitutional provision

=

% A VRE.7=-7-a,r rt".0 oi

441

awe- e

State

and

distribution"

policies

school buildings;of

the

forr the standardization

D eer----11 A-- EE amVgae-- ="- t

Tor . r-ommissioner- = e

A-4 aa- are a

Executive aP-4. i4aa StateState DepartmentA the of

principal

ta

-I-1

1A A a a bject

the State rj-c-E-rd.(a)

r a A

the

Distributi a

f A_

EVEffia a

6

for:A Aa: 44 elee

L

Certification

u

=

V g&Ea &

fly Education.

* Education appointed

7ra.---arpter-rati

& &La ve omcer

ntithrt-el ert.fro a *if f

State °Tic" -Aeral aA e

_ al a a a.Wa aa

a. = = .

technical&.--- --.ra;._e.E. ..-#9....1..

aels.

districtsA relathatruction.

774 OE AL. EE g

0.

Education_=a vyt.

=_=

I

4. A

e-= -1 -a a66

f

teacher&

toE

school

nda

va

auw-Qeu on status of

onments for schools

wank

professional services--rounds

tile State TeachersfEEducation, Q.--

f ia.:4rum-iiinen Lti

,i,=-=-

by

others

*- - _-se- _ _ =

,LLUtz e.=

,e=a_ a_ff E ,ra *

%-g I

01.A*

of tne* A ."s _ . . . - E- - . _=-CS - -' ' 'E = = 1 E E El _ E E E= = g - - --,nt.,----Jkk-A '-e. 6-E=---

toA

I

-a ,"=.. -=. =L-E E EeE

CommissionerStatehim (within

Education: ea-FJA

-a V-- TA_ t ,,,E`

bmi-ugoverningseparateCIL _ _ t

- -7

5. Sft-W E aE

for -v

educational institution

five

V- La'Z.-. ar,

A

a_ a= =4-0 V

0 A =r3.e,F a a

A

Aa'rr

the State Department

State University andexcept Leacheirs colleges.

Land Commissioners: Composed o f three m ,embersthe .4

; ha4 control ublic lams,

of 4,1-1-17 of tAasuch other agencies as Iva

provided bylaw, and )4for

pis nd astk uNmvision of

shall of the Board.(b) The 'of the

of of Education.(o) for general

public wheels; of school

of ete.(d)

Sewa&e"-ar*at

9.

4

oncer and chief

to approval

Keeping currently

(b)to

(0) of preparation f of study.(d) of(6) local school

g

of of -1"I-Z2iir thete

Governor.F. State Board

sight by Statewr: Education).

state for Com membersnt (within of

for each

d others

-ewen toy of

lands.6/

49

schools. ri

school

Board

school

'a

Page 53: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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50 STATE BOARDS O? DJCATh=jS

Conn.ctkutload 1

1. eLegislative -y IFL J U:4 L,_ boardby he

j_&

overncx.

2 'àt-ed with 'geeraJ suieiisfri air] control of the eIucational Inof

a woe"? for:acts Commissioner

; =Ji1L1ert =i a wno as--

executivea ,*I 1ffl-fltt!PP)=- _ =

e-et-- a of ri a#

of -#

p'=-_y! &-WCiT1 flf çp=v::-

ofe-IL;J (a LI L.a UtW WJL

3S

4,_ --

! fYT handicappedEducation. -}'

Approval C: IZVfl *mils and nttutnCertification =A

Supervision of Beau)]rJ _J.

Etff S' E-- -_ _ -_a -__ - -

+*J1Ai

Ui

en

higher I=°hIdit1fp llaf-- __ -

I ____a -=

I' (exccjzt this L'n:iverjtv LIT ;c!=T1I.Ectic11t),

vocational education.-= - -,uL1J IUii Ui

Acceptance anti = c_ a=

1LLLUL =

ii

tf=LLegislative provision for a USecTetary* ',z_': reieei to s &ate

Commissioner of }thwno) by the C=ba: LiO?G4 oft1i

'- +r-

2. Is chief executive officer of the tate Board of Education.3. P"ealorms sgeh Atlas

s._. Beards1. Board of imtee c-f University: ,mpod of the Governor.

Secretary of State cs:rd CT 1iJCathn),io-ner OZ Agriculture (e c=ftici:),

'. c;ovtrnor, and twomnbr aoiitd

aiiohte1 by tJo hiy,in4 f Hby the

S

2. Teacher Retirement Eoard: Composed cf three z c=c-including Education and t-o cit1ir membersappointed b=y the meinber the Retiret Jaotj,

3. B-card of 4m+ of the E!1i1uI C=n!x?d the Governor,of chiefJUBtice of th I-FIflc Gourt (bb: e offlcfls, and three other

-i;ioirited IWT Governor.4.

FhiiIiHi1hv&,j the U;rnnw nr5rt +i =__ g

a,

SIM. board oI flji

1:- .

A-bL at wI_

At;=L!= -=-

= -__

-i-___ wV IL LJL JJI=z LAU=U &L1VJ1MJL U

:- th. Governor42

'a

I

11

State 64s

pettxtek

teruts ttti State."

Stat.

appointed

es ; stay prescribe.

I--;

State educationaland secondary mks*

textbooks which

children.

teachers.State

7n:,2g f Federal granted._coA law.

composed nine members ap.

.k

the(Commissioner Commis-

twoentrust*.

members,thef

umembers the

*el Composed se three Wirs=k=State Commissioner

EP s

a

6-

=_

-=-t==

7.=-=

s

i-t

a.

degree-conferring

the

Commissioner of

Commission: appointedEducation.

Delawam

appointed

5,

Page 54: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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thIl

mun

tori

i111

1"1"

1111

1111

1111

'ill

111

1I 1

1114

11P

PIII

IIIIII

IMM

1111

1111

1111

011k

1IIII

INIV

P11

1111

1111

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FIIN

IIIIIM

IVIII

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006n

AND

2. Exercises general control and supervision overState.The

AB -=-71.Z

public 0AU1%1 of

-0L-mte, Superintendent Instructionof ht.%

e theofaws

r: of State educational policy....mizuva,i+Lun of elementaryA _

G-Yoling and standaramDistribution of State schc41 fund&

-a ft_eV00%

e i.I1 Dubito

= =-2 aa.-S prflT of

Seh"W61-8*

anti-uu 212rOVIS 2*.j, 41 of free textbooks.Qualification and flirtification of teachers.

.°unarmApproval or school Manz%Administration library service.schoolnA - agasW =,1=-'1 vocational eucation.

a. W.a 2 erio-n- L a a, L

Prescribes the ,Afitl

State SuperintendentLor a State Superintendentw=is16-----4 by the1. LeAslative Dived

.K0

ofa.. 2zK72%p,, aw

theingSuperintendent

2.

State Board of a-L4

--a t 1=0 V mg

2.

Education.

* .Alat= a-Taa -arif g4 and itexuww-ata.a . ilairaa..4 2.4 K w

..ers and duties as

governinga a a

22=2- institution.

2

EakAra,KAaa 611 Composed

Constitutional rC'ViE1Ofl for a hoard

E;Lperintend.nt_"Vr 1th =

O 2 a a g- eTh

rney Gene:''c Instruction.

the

of the

institution&

State

prescribed 0.. AOs_a A-

a-a_4a a a,

g _

,Yet

as

Beard

Stateeach

born=mem t-i -3 oyof nine

gneraI contror oz 1I public

age, ef =7:A-A a & lie V AUX

sehooi and educational

Determination of State LEVII-7tal policy.

A2- L=J4

= of elemen-Wry."d

Manageiin u-Z

-n 2and a a r y

schwl laws.

'&2=-= - 2 A -.A= = d a high Eite arAzoi over elmentary.=._

aille--7:71:1------Ak=n of the m-vam

Imlaware and the State CeiL.- for Colored Strata areg a

ex in a -tZ and dvory capacity ; thw Wive no /riv.

4.

Dirt4_

,

the

Appoints asecretary

Public

Principal Stets agency

Determination &flit'

ofof

i --=:---ara State

14

rtt

Sepwaft

fau_rd

1-4;iumties.

Exercises sucko

. A mam_

Statetk (imams%

===,"2. 2=7.2

0_1 _

i re' I

of

Beard

appointed Governor

cka

t;t1,.. of the Governor,State, State Treasurer, and State

et the State.

1

aNaa $ 1 1 k 1 t investment @ State it IF-

State

&ate em-Akag 0mrsa ridary a)awgit Et4w, Sta, ag

et' UsgviV

51

8. servesboard.

5.

8.

Boards

board

2.

of1.

Sftretary ofof

3. Principal

scheols.

all

e.=-.-A-mpU a degreethe

Tia Preskients tbe ofcakio only

Page 55: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

INIE

RIN

IIIM

IIIN

INV

intil

lIMM

EM

INIIM

MU

MM

Um

mith

ennu

amm

ontio

ntitm

aiM

iNew

1,11

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

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111

1111

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111-7

State

Prescribing

RATE BOARDS

DeterminationA #dean,ainin

Determinaut_..

throughAdministration

_

.=.=3 a-=

"=L *

aucation of TP-0-et

standards school building

State _4

--(1 'PriAL %AO

of vocational edu

a

1. Constitutional provisi

-

purposes.laws.

9 Exercises general supervision over

4.

M=.

cat- -

LE r TI ga 6

===

all

econstruction.

*T.

=aia

perintendent elected by popular

A

LLA.

system of p.6 a 6

=

Denart-m--at of;

the

v

State Board of Education.

Determination

No-M-the State

and administration

Superintendent

State school funds.instructional,

==ILI70, powers

those nelas inA

L I /Mak State

A al-mrvi&,.....

minimum

=A re g Iaa

V

.r

State Departnient of

and functiere-0

cificaUy wignedare r===: omit end-Lions character

_ _

e- Education. a0 Tr- -1, ewhich

execuLaVe officer

=-60aa 6==P

the

nein are

-@ of-6 et-ELA Coning: mposea

the Governor; exercises mistralsubject to approvai of e4A

Textbook Rating Committee:pinta uvSto.

3. Textbook Pr-missioners

A

5.

= -A A E. t Vaa.6

aaa_-

= =a a

=

over

n

Superintendent

five

_a annroveui nanuvr and

MOMM-n-higher. elu-f Education.

State Education.0 L,----oara of

a - E

State

6g V

a

A

=

Board

Council

Board:

A

PP3in9.,==_A_ A_a-

1 V V"6a6,-

of seven memberson recommendation of

Composition same as Ward*6 a 4 ff

L.1

upon

a a

the Governor

E ly

reCOMTne

-eon°

a= --- L-- g _

-_ -a

=N_*

CitiWn="to M

4 St

41a,

MATION

minimum standards for sand&of course of stu

of torAffi',-;

andof I 4.2

Administration of all public Metthe oard of

Acceptance and of Federalfor

Enforcement school

forvote.

cation.

State

to tit State

8. offici secretary and officer of th State Board ofand head of Statecation) 180 executive of StateEducation.

Principal State for: .

Execution of policies pill Flaky appror.nRecommendation of educational measures

Organization

Apportionment ofof transportationunits fo administration of foundation

t$ izand subject to the approval State Board

required 14Board a slat*

of board.

III 7-E the Statefor pproval of

10 of ky

the

of ContLState

tud Committee: Ow.:

a

State

2,

O12L= seven Raby 64temisir akD4

I ' -

52

of

a

edu-

thesecretary

Board.the

of the-

and

lawby

swan.* loads

Board2. Composed ap-

of

by the

on ofstand-

Page 56: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

1ili1

1111

1111

1141

1111

1111

1R11

1111

1111

1119

1111

1111

1113

1111

1111

11III

MM

EM

EN

IMIN

emer

mon

num

mon

ariaPS

Stale ta a.

===TERZ%ea

1. Constitateach oi

2.

= 2

=

Va

-

for0D.

a0-==

A _ ffa 2

education,

AND PO

va a and Assuring satisfactoky

0=

s5-xE W

?board

a ar

I ifa =8=_ t7E -Ee t_s

river

tocommon

agencyof State

A

thepose,-.-

a

the

as a raf.# e

m.== a a a

01 0-M1 A- units into

a"-

_0 and

course ofAdoption,a-7i

s,

ff-avtan' n n_ .

R-22

ffMr-

4k-Aa.Aff

a

ucation.

onDepartment

oz es,

Administration

ra a

I R A

. -0 06

secondary

- -DLLLL ,

five

f,vple_74

_

a V4.

te a.r/ ma-

"10n8tructiP.-JLA

Library A

-

Education.

g

grantg"

a

illiteracy.

1 cOItiL

2Imp"

.(1M.Un' a 1 ^-."ti 0

=

4E2 vote Aaoro g a 4o

fr_.

Ca.A ,f

.-- .

E the

Z

_&-L.,2!ffs_ school

CommissionerNA

for

decisions

f M.0-er =

State = = g g. of Education.

and pol c4 the gtate

A

Aeme

r -FAOA 54

'eZ4

h. -.=,es of education. .

0

relation-

._,=-4a

pre-1-!sfon for a compos-:,= ortio fromtki 10 congressional y the Governor,for 7- ea, overlapping terns.

with tory theschools (principally applicable elementaryschools) the of schools, i.

of the. comJinon-eckeoll -fund, ,d general theState Department of Education.3. Principal State

Determination educationalequalisation of and, for this pxr-division groups accordingpopulation.

Adlopti of rules for the of _11 public::ion of Imentary &Ands.

Distribution of Stat.* school of"-4.4=1:024u.11.*seksoi fund."

Determination tf study.purchase, and administration of

ni mita tion of te,ache-:of vocational

General su-rvision of State *1Fulerzl

Supervision ofof State

of colleges and .41-41-retL-conferring-lagt-Nithswe.Determination of minimum salary e teachers.Elimination of adult

.inistrttisa of pupil transportation.DotArmiastd. ittpf pActo_

finaL

Nt**year term.

CI -;i7 e the school tall(11 ism business relating tt 111Gthe State.

provision); Ss also

4. Principal agent for:

theadministrative

ItcAr- f

officersew]

of

the rules Boardand enforcement *If sat

53

of member

Vested of ail

of

policy.The

and socondiry

the

school

boards--Ita

Sig* Suporiateniont

a

laws, and thecommon schwis of

Berm as the executive secretary ofthe

StateCarrying out.

cation, laws.

I*

Otte (under

a

Page 57: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

711

'111

1.11

rom

Hiti

ii111

1111

1A11

1111

1111

!110

1711

1111

111I

IInt

irrn

mpi

iRm

rtir

mri

Tlit

riltt

n,ir

irrr

mir

rirl

t,IN

E11

1111

1111

1110

1111

1111

0331

1111

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111

ii

54 fj BOARDS MUCATION

I. : to Board &ictingiZC:E=iiy

?' tJ!- noel&A r! tE 1w iI

theI- --

Prescribingcommon C

v and

supervisfi of ti'e

sD-itate for LL reports required cf ub'dinaocera-

1, -- -D-;Jiu LLL LWiLr e;=LiIvuiz System:U:=,Jj-u L1L! WJV : 10 i L L

=_ =A_i k=

i , institutions LP jr pit,, i-!A V Ca athnbiMi 1ieaI-

:) Teacher t;- Board=±AA * A! ! L I L L L seven gv!

!& ! :==;- = --- , I !- !=--- Y Commissioner, 4Juuc8T)Ofl OIIU Cfl(JU Uifliirr-r. jrtf-f thn of i'?t ofk# J Board =- i -- i w =iiii qj I

CjLW fW neIflui- Lcv 1L1 uijii

p Sbe D.,i .1 Education°Constitutional tcrdtovi for a wffl mbr1= poi anti

dut1e to he ieribi by 1aw. with thoex cie= rnenthr : provision ::i ix !j=yr LflC0 . -=_ i . andu F-L :Au- five other 4__=_L- L-iLM tho I : =

2. -Vested with%J iJ

5_ -

J= L &

' ,=--

w

8.-- --

£=Determination: UA L iii

cf eent*ry &fld thc4iJ:- i;= lrHC

their

CU;ii;nj L1u_t1 : ;. -q

! I Li L

-u ici

IJj library V

____

-k--- !!-L Lw-::- :

-11 higher educational I1Ljj4M L4 2--_ LM

£-!1!!uL v. ________

b a !t: I- j gT __u:-=- Eii.

a

- , . = - .-,.v '---

-- I

Flonviation Stateubli

c general,lo, iseas eti"-lav

fo

the

ni five

the wristia:7 one of

additional As

_ veeducation;

_

1=_r

ets

State fState ocLtj. m-t__*Jlieiro esti

-41

_ six

1.. said r ---,xi- 4-1' it

Site"a° -

.1 and:-i I i I -IN 4111

State nid with "the. general azIv ''7]IfTtw -tle-S the gut&control 1_

aoverwei,a_,PH/1.f)

MiVttState school funds.

tx-F143,-n. minimumDetermination sourne eg eft

and Htu-_

emu*.. .

,ftustrwthe.1__

Aast:-T-11:1

1

A g -

M-=.4

OF1

.

school

1cm4s

Aeach the

Governor; governs

:

Georgia,members.

Statelegislative

by

of

and ofState igency

policy.stvondary and

standardi7stion.

of education program.of

Adoption of textbooks.CArtilication of _.ohers.

of schoolthe work of county and city supercifulta.

StateAthainistration of Stott* ErAen Camps.

ox MIZ

of State au-trAtiW

E

=

AthidflidTLl. ,=-15 vms tonal eduestlon.A foratkim .es

.7= = U.K

ail ezuesorlmi ta dodgier_a "-nal,

94sho an exaWe /0 116-1 tk4 _ g--at, sadllehdet'ttIvi oftr the -9Uat

arasu.W&F re Ew

Page 58: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

Min

MO

WN

L r;i=:iü-:t =)r a State ;tiperinte-i-::t of Pi In3fltt-Jurtin- = P!Pr!1 ! t!w !W=! W= member t tP1

department the + ,' t- -= =t_ 3 L L Jt :

2 ome1c nber and executive ccer of the ;tate oard ofI: : officio u'A-=-e:;-A T

0 -L!- M; ---- & i 1

.

i 4== Land Commissioners:1. State Composeda _-

intendant State Ljftij ex a !ember of theA _F ,: and t , i£ L -. ; elected thefrom j

y -=_

IUhKiI z*, -ta1M Board of Education.

1. provision for a State Surfrtendeni. e1ectei for-- -- to p- iI ?

w=J ' .-4-. ;-j y_ ! -- '-if

=i= ?= ' I_ IL:_:

# J:vL Y4 5cULJW= In LILO iitt8. iiji rules iwesry1J-

:;::: y i:j a:: uxiüc:i e::ect iaw fOr ris1

maintaining iand# PTi1ic;a1 EL Iutbi; of Etate educational oIkv,

OX sta!;dards for reorganisation of elementary

Administration o= elenientary dAiIrãku::o-!1 01 tate 1-oI

r of-

UertifleaJon of acIiers, with i4 c4 a board of ezin!ners.ii ¶:iuoi building pLar ana &termination of ade

a coordination ox Fedra1 funds fc1iJ i t

r:i;;ts------- =

ii::-i=-

Board for .- -LJUTh! -- - - -- ---

rwi!E-!fflI fl15 fly iIV. fla ti II

the _ -= - __ - - - - -

-- - - w = w -_ officer.0

.i4I -

mv the -

f-

& T!!i W= :irn ? ( I H

-a4W4 the State ' - members), andim I- - - a a

iiii ui:iim appointed hv 11W tina a

lL :i=_: - : : - _i

;

: , : .

Stak qate-w4api

Separate

rap )_a

ER,

of the StateState Commission.

auvons-

hers, including S. tr-=

2. State Library Commission: CegiC ef ex onew inerz incluthe State Superintendent as member twt sezreta7.

1. State irkz=4 Retirement System: theand filc-is, tea

r7vo

BoardBriNQ,

t,t4,4

WNW

st-

Illinois

Rio

Constitutional

ofpublic t.;4

efficient all

Tra1uSeatr 4a.

a

secondaryfunds.

71-at study.

Vapervialesa:Xs

A_I---.Jzesinstitutions State, public or peeWhe information.

=:1-

= a weivle

E . ; 7-14

FEATURES AND POWM8 55

ative

ex Com-

1 Boards.---. of ex:,

. the State

.33-2

;2

d

-4

--4

3ff

Composed of State. Suezmr-

State Mufti td Edw....410n

Uporisawdent

a of

all

freeagency

schools.

course

auateHeAring and determining controveralm

education.Requesting

vate, to for legislative

1.ex officio, including and

Page 59: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

1111

1111

1T I

II I

I lilir

m1

lotim

miR

rir''

111-

J111

710;

iiiiii

rr11

:iiiii

-i-I

lintii

irrI

mill

i.T.,1

1111

1111

1111

1111

0111

1111

1i11

1111

'11i

IIII

IIIh

IIII

IIII

IIig

III

III

-A -____ =

hii !STATE 'J 'J J- ' 'I

3 o t)A qt&2e Ur4tRTfty t_ t-wThrand SL_to nr1iitr1t ftrr citfit inembepa),members Ciocted 1 the Deo&s.

ai ritiie othr

A PT i Examining IU£ i- , tile --_;

--i

;__-==frr -b7 t11 Stat. With: term

: i_ Teat&L-_;-JL

('L:Li c& ULUC1j

ii jjjji Lijj. W{j-

by ti Govertr wo cteii va

&-

I_= 2

I. IIv tv1s-1c!: fe wnr4 thof :tt-and iE:- nemr. atitmiiu:Ed- by tht ':kweroy for 4jearIiS :o :e eq:ai;y divided i!:

th. Commission ciii General t1 cinnjs±ci m Textbooka- n- oir=s:cn cr I ea:rer ai1 :ceisrc;IiL IfltM th&n four a:pointive nicr c:=z aiv- coInmiAS1Y1 to b of

the !!= po:tcai aiy c- ewer thni :o o he acii,evI'3yed the schools c4 LIIFi the 3uyis-i .

/ chairman JA ;LkAL-I! L- J ti I and t -- theL 41L1be final their re±1pyo Jurisdkthc:nL

2. I In flJP (1T tIi tlitP jTti2inflt l'i*!cdesignated

of htruitIon, ikhL=- one of tke A 4 =Z 1'1L! v iiLmen (trio

Tn.

uL=tae I;oam anc ox saiu 1L4H11=L

jij::L-:! State _I-wiA j ;--! -! i-_

IJLL, elementary and secondary =_L y

:'

ci course of stucy.

£ 1I-kk

A5ratpr-A

01 sc1i::

-W 1-VA

iarv 3trvca.A : ;:WE! 1!4 -; .

JL-WL4 - ,; !V education.(_=

1. prov1Ion for a State$-= 9=TJnF -J

eI&tI popular

,'

F and k&__t _aT=

-r -_.i D

-.-= Education.--- theL administrativeJ V U

iLtL -Lj

Sa

! # 4

public4 1 dflrti _tn T11 UI UE- Eyz;,=:i orLIOZI JjFJ- nri supervision JI tJ IIj TD Ue

a& L = -=

1;L L1 4U UfrA-t;yA for bw,U.

e=1 -----L_nwu jyA tuiic er rn i n- u;:

I. PrInca1 &ate aiint :r:

Governing f

.S-and Ise *titer wax

overtapp:mg;AGM tireinent

State Sw..;zririten mitenu4.er

tke

=40,1

AvintW and

,_.

la= --.:.:::* rim-ten- 4ntlappin and

r_24:. 'commissions:Education, onAdoftlion Tratn ng

and

MOM-

iw State; State --z4 !oeeach

as ol_f the State;, Superintendent elle aintiacr,N=7 , of

EUte Asv-wt_; f*ref

-f-.74.=-71Tiliklatitnt

AdoptionYi s&=_Iata

Constitutional Superintendent

chieft

-0 Ajjlps kerr110114110

I

i

Ntaft, Bwriet.

and the ackaiithe,

Ett

_OAILIVVIIGo 0

rotft8

Rnd school

#_

coin.

board ComposA

persons engaged inSuperintendent

5.of

Retirement

aft-MMggU 5

Stec Ber&-d al Educzaan

a

over-

ern-

to -within

is

the

of textbooks.

Sapeeinter.by

termIs

oetc- of De-of

instruc-a

mon , set

Page 60: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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1111

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AS

IIII

=

A

9

=

E (=.21÷A.,9

A' -7--E ---

=

I -Z. 1=-4- Ee_4*-j1-4

;

y=A-9

members'tate =7- =

- _77_ 7 -. "L-=" 64

1.

- 9g At 2-2rS-4 t V- At ra_. A

A 7XYA_IT

tTIT

=-

and

7.9__-2=EIE_AAAE ata-sa=__A._. a .

4.7_f-j State!, Board.

ft

Dv the Governor.

1-7=2=(.22A a as s a 2=

-_

- - ee- aV; 29- 9 99 ii

°4ofBoardand

- -

the

separate -_1 Ai

members rv 7 1 1 9-Li V.

t 1 on exercising k=erte

=

11-3 E A = = = = S

controlrarer 7.7,--1

over----.-4J

f'S7,-- ;At - t

" StatePrincipal A agent_S-A --"

A--44- ....,--4_6 -A-A

= frt--T&-..9-1A ESE

trationlat0

of

f F a a .t. - - a AA- A 9- =

4-` *1 .1

4_6

Distribution 0 =7-i

AA7 a- a a 5- I ion

a- - I

;

d

a-L At__F s

N--ra. _IS 1 0 U

coursehealth.

x

tE. A 9L2s c_ V

r-

E EIFEEE9

f, v-7 -=-- -# E the4 4 Z7.9 Vl

E EH M.=

-A S-F _At

U

E9 A 9 =91! 79- = = n 1- control.

in American hi

_

iUIPara7-1

1ft=7*- .A

Pa= 7 I AfAst9=.=mid

EX.ainnn° yr%g

1. tate

0

-a et A.

7, eziAt-4E72 g

a AI=

RIFE

_ -sA I a a.

=L=

v-vt

a--V

Blind

E

aa

42 A_E IE

F

g9 9 9 A E.

the _

-y

takes

_

rtv==,r ninaa 11 49e

'i-Z=7,_-,---ert_ers

t}ieStateColleges, y

2

ntendent,appointed

-State Board 29 I EA= 9

9 9 gr- r UM I ----_uumtion: Composed of three ex officio

DTAT ,i124 AND16,

57

. _lie school mien;Administration of the IyArtat of Public Instruction.

I4 State

e_-_,LmA2ea

'lard C411 Board: -:_ae State Supeirintemieiand other appointed t;ontrolatwit)

tirrits fniveMty and till State University). A WEWboard for each State institution.

Teacherate for 4-ymr

W- Education

I no Statethe elementary

that State Lasecondary schools. State

gedad j control f higher educational

St SM'74Criatee4GVt'Sr

1. , -'41stive. for a 8i Superintendent electedvery four

9 Has general supervision and control over rural, graded, and kielschools of the State, and oer public schools not un the L;ontrolof or Board f Control

Institutions.

of &ateelementary and secondary sch

Classifying .d

school

aGe

of s4L: and

Certification of aid examiningspecifications

State Board.determining am*. to

Nerd P Tfueatio (for : Com ofmembers by Gro==arao for

e *antra of all higher .-.guezillinazi institutions,g Slat( to .14.6

the and the Dail, andState Towel of XiinceMievik-t1 ..1.1h1en: o t Wats

and executive officer, and four otherlry tito Governor.

S.

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hasUniversity,

Compftedprestdent

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bo rd of wv-an

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appointed

by the

Governor

for

threz

year

txrms,

notthan

four

W be of the

political

party.

E.I.cts

its own

chairman

and

its

Principal

agency

and

of course

of study,

curriculum,m

ended.

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of ieachers.

ttitf-xfraks

rtvomm

entlai.of vocational

on

matters

u-1--er

1. provision

for mpularvote.,

who

shall

be mem

ixr

executive

of the

State

2. Vested

by constitutional

provision

with

utbe

moral

mm

mon

--school

funds

and

the

educational

interests

the

State

higher

educational

institutiom

stipulated

that

the

e4lucational

interests

be the

supervision

and

of the

State

5urinticT.4W

.IL Principal

State

agent

for:

of school

State

selection

of school

library

bcp-aks.

State

school

laws

regulations.

effixonmending

study

in all

public

schools

and

Defining

standards

excellence

in all

public

schools.for

by the

State

Board;

alsoof

Giving

on

law.

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rului

governing

certification

of toof.

Board.

Sopiwee

Boaz-4

1. State

Board

of of nine

men**-rs

aprgaint----

by

4-year

overlapping

terms;

in-of higher

learning.

Page 62: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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AND

a of Education6---lx-Hntident and seyen mm.1--s spwrinttx1 by the

2. wi "the manageneeit and control of the c=1.1=public higher nublic v-Aticv-I-L4 education

mhabtlitatice, and the Kaitue4.- School for theBlind."

S. *---Emmy /or:eriucsire A f

of andApproval of localCertificatichn of tescherg.Higher of

cif coursw stvdy inAdministration of vocational ft:hi ation.

for a State ehocted byvete f-

2. Ex (Ado mmber, cam an, and executive csker of Stat. Board ofEducation.

1. ET (AdoTeachersUnivers/

Ji

V

of board of mch Statemember of Berd of Trust-- of the Statt

-man of on Public Highft. Edumtion.as are or awiRmtd by the

of State of EAucation.Enforeenent of laws and rules of the State Bo&rd.

funds.Governing purchan ofPreparing and for adoption by State

(a) Rules for grftding,mom mh-cais and scope ofin ofquirementa for from courses cfferal.

(6) Minimum cours e! study for andkinds ft-hay31.s.

(e) RaW for and protective iøs so of schoolhnt tiltt6F eta.

go-FErning medical insition, eAucation,

tordgcla and salary &chedules the school

Brd of a State Univenity: ci the

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STATE &A4t Or. UCATION

ACIft

1/

(ck) State Suriptemillent the Commissioner of r4cjre, Labor, and Statistics, and IS ocher ziwnthars p ./4i.ntua ythe Governor.Separate govenlisng or eas,I 8tte Co nevi*: caustx of fourmember eppoint4 -.41. ifigtt the Governor the State Superintencrentaz &Airmail.StAte Council on Higher Education: "_,e0M itt4r-Al F T1r: TWA tatfri ofhigher institutions, two lay members of the -4.k. -4(ar-e, andthe State Strnzintendclit "as chairman; txxordinat th work o thedin7 teachers 'colleges.Textbook Com ission: Cir xteori of ice

12 ;_;---,-:rsons appointed by the Ste Boaschool boards shall

5. Teacher Rettmatent Board: 7.01r-

sofa. Constitutional prwri ion for board v>--1 of 11 8 (1

District) LO be eLle,-*wei by populara-year tztrrita e ---t<W from district to the2'lottie 8=i districts for 41-year- terms.Was 'Surnai and control of free public se.N.Ao " and al public

_1r uratiorml institutions except d eAgricultural arid MI.: sznical Co k-was which it -== Pvitsitorialpowers only.. agency for:., ,*Pe[-orsaination aseatiponal plalk-

'Administration of e:,,.1.,-..ntar7 and secondaryDistributionn of :A oc funds.

terliination of course of study.Adoption, control .and supervision of ie-7,___htbet*Ax

of te

S ntandent, dadopi,s_ a Enultip lis

tlt tenciew,-. ofPublic Instruction, the Attorney General, the State Auditor, andtow members elee.st under the supervision of the S Super-inte.Ntitat.

tv

4

ision of school building essatrudmin!_:tration f library yj

AL4 istration of State teachersAdministration of all higher catk inztitsAl

State nivuraiLin! 41- tf vocatistdal

Censiiictietr!.%-v=4*.

provision f11- 1Stgito superintendent L.-wit by popular

neretu-ry priu2htãye iwA 'Lilo State

t th leard nd-At_rateilt Education.

8. Er officio neivekrar of State _1u4 0,-*2iriV)--,-----

tha!riij of8t for each inatatet !o., of h 1±b in .

b

-4

=

60

bo-ard-NI

and

State

4. Stste

from which local select.of

Louisi,inaDoard of tjvcotivtn

a members,fromesch (-_A)ngres.sionaland 3 ttp.he

2.

theover

of

Cerification

'school

col

extvpt

educaaan.

0611-

2. Ex (Ado executive AM* ofof of

theEt officio member and executive committee appointed

Board

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and vocational bchaohi

intonerEducation A

IT

a

Ion ar--t

_15

=_W

6

FEATtrv3

SW44 4613 for:p the divisions Dd StA.

Education, subject to Board.emtrying loxt. rates and applying standards adopted

the State

21 t of State.Vverstty and Al:TioalturaiCitnn IA-re--Ache Ijovsywor 4 members hp.

7

o Scatsover the

-

Louisiana Ccantrtisakm: Cottmid of fire mernivm appointedbr and Achoo

of, St

M

B board 10 ttrankArs1 the presidents beral

1 the .,ksbori Ulan; 1 bythe Association; 1 by the Maine Congressck ax.. 1 isine Teachers

91 consent ofCouncil (upper

first hce

Gwr=-7Mtiaaeta The declares the IF4);_14----tment,

shall a State Education, a Cownisaionerchosen the S nal officials

staff asPrincipal

State Commissioner of Education.t* the Legislature such legislation

&mood c-.40.-6% aAritoLottutart., recommendation a State "if

Education, of tber & the StateOrgaz-odr.cor upon recommendation of 6 Commissioner

t-R ___e--,,tw--4e;ttAcimiriziratio Federal funds for

iitr f technical

1.

institutes.

t4pc=a-r-'.aiam for 40LE

b of tnuri the:_tv, the A-

A

61

w by

Semis

of

parish sc_. i

S.

other

Board:

sof tisticietiem

1.

EVCS of the

the

Legislatureof

3. State agency

as is

uponstaff

Stateof

and

Ix-gialative apointed the State

a

Page 65: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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2. Exerciqr=q

STATE

a a AL

charm= 4.a um=3. Prineital Stat.-

Se t

A _I EDUCATION

I

rt=-r-Islon of_ -1'a a _a

duties.

Determ lutatlan C

Freirri ek "

- a ,.- _

A S

AAA

9 " 9

q" 1aza.R6E4

Lel -=

ate eduve_-=y aa a- ar.

_A_

tt _in -rt AT

private schmliqCertification of

pervisionOrghnization

Ui ne uovernor

elementaryresearch

the public schwls and advisesA _

s A A & s= 7- a-a al a I a2a ri t

Et

%-,9 a A%

ariu secondary aa a_a4

via A

1 4State r4 m.lrt,__,

s a-a, eaa =s a .-___" ,...,-.

Er%

_E gent.

for attendance

vU40-

ridings.r

=="' purposes.

-

ai Edtcation with the approval31.1-Hcau.

Supervision of State Normal Sthools and Teachers CoilSpiai apoaras

1 Board""A T

Trustees çfA.

Z . -a. a-... s

pa= Es ....A=df,A %,"Arte A 4._A_

3.

II

6.

rmal Schools: Composfour otherion rnmtrsa

.oinrnissiOithe Governor.

crier Retirementt-vt_ w-ss a E. of ra

Commissioner_ .a_aA E o ET.

of

the

4E

Ea A ---- a a,.

cArt rtei

.A

a 4-I V E

and nLIie ()mei

9P-IrE As-t

the

A the_nv

A .a A So a ft

Commissioner=a_a Governor.Df the State

appointed by

seven members:

State reasurer, a memtvatate employee

t -a. sakr 1 sa i t 4:441vas

7 ,mariq.lortvia primcaLa.aaa fc" A

al VI 7_

E2 E__N-=--__a_r#1.

La a

%

wfor aiaes-74

_

bofor

A-4,4 --...a=a=a s-atzle-r,47. A ar.pei pmraN 'rya t II I...a-yrs , the

ult.1SS *E.

I

y-

g EA

r ,n176L-Lor%J IaLya

S _ 4Li 1=

Bankle

composed of seven memrs ap

r

sr

g a= AA Es .4ms,

aJW--A..._--LS,LIZ-Erla= 7,

of theL _ =livvrif g AAtirrirA warm al,4a

P

publicsuperviston nf sch0016 auramA

ai institutions.

a-

_44A-a-=..- As_.=a

eral control

3. 4a4

a_e A a a ,-A4L. t"1 I V0 1, A LState = prerintenelib --oefieVED

A AAuministrationLeger-11.i.sss

V 9. 9.

s yA

= .-=a_t_a

A

_

Ui/0.

eleinenta

gradin--74

-_ .."

As=

_

a

Certification et a

Regulation of

tMariland an exanin't- a a_

s.v=,

1 A p ?. _ a,= A. a7-- h gr

nu -I

and

.6oi as==. _V.

schools."

scnooi build'E. A

standardizink

_onstruction.

E s- Ake g a Al 4

pi1 5a

and

sene-018.

having A a

_A=

aP-AnLVallhighs - L...4 11-4'.1 9 e a amuter L s..;

aBylawa of the _Maryland Etta= Dmrd of

fx

fr

o _A

Edueatkirt _,Z_ pi a ,sssA4 forteAaWI

Y-Ec

.

OF

E-1 generalant ends town committees and the

for:pdicy.n

Diseribution of funds.study in the public schsas..and

tuitionteachers.

of school seof &Ae

and

etzt.

.

144

of Trus -`&1`14 of the State ComposoiEducation

\t,4Cormlits0 of file Ut-air-

Personnel oard, State theelected by the

a electedployou Association, by the

Mae UoL-Ara

1. El

the 7-year2.

, t s

Statethe

4. Principal State -.alley for:Del emanation of ednettional of

schools.=leaof funols.

of

f

k nwaft Ntantvi PAlutreart-',1-4%.

havep.

011

411'

Page 66: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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A ArtimmtraMI tn.teachers Colleges."

publicUniversity._inims=ration of vocational

1.

2.

LegislativetA-of _

provision

v."

c'i State__

treasurer.8. Principal btate agent

III - .4-ea

9

Beard

for

Execution dueAdILLFIAe ISvm,a 6

Eruorcirnent -

appointedeac,

=cz-7-;---a.

g.76- Tv

.01

1_

'ALOE=

education and rehabilitation.

appointment

EI FP-Re 0

= +aU CA

5 == A.-&Al IA a aria

r-vr C-A.5 S.r

x&

uperintendentLkirm of 4 years._

its sezretary and

zuALe Board.rtY

.cfloo anu Lfw ruling

.13P rovernor..T..1 4-

= a A L.

#

&motion

2.

*vet-t4

Governor

Board

.6

V 0 0

eLitInirtflge41 ofA

Comptroller, a.6.1-A .0

UI the .p Board.

nine

members:

members

,H-Ge Super-urer (ex officio), and two

'members of the retireinen

provision board of 9A't-P4 ',year overlapping

---% .g=t -.----.

-=-t el--_-_---1._-_ _ --- g -,-7.-----...-,__-_----..-..,_,=_._ . i..---._ A I- a ___0 -..-.1. W_ i--- .e --M A a-7 AA AY #.._- A -0 A 3.-# 0..4 A. 4705#

-4.-

an '4e.=.44Ef#

schools al. 4.4.

3. elects a State Commissioner of4 Principal State agency for:

09440.-aMa.

10

Supervision and_= - - e .6-

=--# V= A -

# epW-1-##-ELI-SLOVA

Distribution

emenntroi

6.1

(4*

oLA0

11=1111l =taut: mr..OT

-a.6

Education

rifts.

6-7- e-6=- e--4 La.on.

4 4

members appointed by the

listr.ave control of the common

as its exezutive enL

the State Departmenteducational

elemenLary

State

policy.and secondary

A .11_41 1 At elC3V- A krt._ A A t

Education.

saunas.

therein.studV

teachers.

_1.-LOLLthALLU

Supervision of school library service with aid of library division

by

*Membersnormal

A pai--1.-ment of Education.-6.- 6 are a

oie A 7Eal ration

ofA

Va-Efa A

Legislative provision for tz-Stn

edurni.,;011 (withappointed by

Commissioner

te Commissioner of ....ducathe State Bcard of Education.

riA^g--3#aa

s

State = A - - t "shallt A .4 $

A

trust.e of the State

2

Ste Sugigotetc.-:-

of a Stateby Board of for a

AND g.3

Stateall higher except State

Administration

Chief executive the Board,,g. 4--,-

.,---___ for:N

of policy ofof State Departzne0 Education.

laws

Separate1. of Regents of State Composed of

'kty

five,intendent, State State

byB. (See footnote I.)

Stat. Board of

.6

1. for a

State. .

4

of :ofof ;tateof

ofteachers colleges, and thee

of

ofvocational the

1 person tile Governor)..1%, Awrae deggatka

fk4z

appointed

a *49 Boma and the e theikesilLs" and shall e:f entma awls teals.

't

POWERS

boards

of

41\

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ected the

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constitution: 1, V-

normal ecaiewe and the StatePrim. State_

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Avr *:La *

varsity and

&

==.1E A

Agricultural

teachers

schools."

four - weed

eg_.03, 7- antiinstitutions, except

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Stg

a #larmettli I fInS_4Seh&31.5 joy

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a

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g

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control.

13- V a a-=M - A- A 1,t. V

normal se coals

the

mantes LA

and the Blind.certificatesn7-7- for

schools.

Ha,

_ 2 __ ± _ A= et,_ ty-j fi-on of

State Superintendent1. Constitutional provision for Superintendent elected by popular

vota for a 2----year term.9 Has constitutional

instruction

1, 1AA a.

I__E...n LI. (14 A "TA 6

. raztittitiA w

provinion is ex officio _

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having controlLa -a=4

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normalagency

of atioder state educational State Uni-

teachersschools and under

State Deaf

public andira

boardssob

SW

to exercise "salaam!

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Rf am, institution, with

of public

4. Eti:1

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preparation lad emil rtwk4o=

BOARDS

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boards,is

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eompo;edof

College.

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a

secretary of theBoard boards

is a the Is principal Elate

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Page 68: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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4-am a aa S. .,==a A- g= a a: = a,4eonil

textbooks %

localaI Al

A ofI ---- A A a War rtAT school I i t.= =_7.ff = A = =

=

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sixk

of-=

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E

fi State.

4r=-1_

AA- s

T

=-;-+; State Superintendent,

t.. a**sir .= .= f IL=Z.

und Bet--=m_-

aa.w-434.0,

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= 4 a a a secretary.

byappointed i_rovernor.

g I

M -aA_ control .1-'=

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fa--r-a bft--_T----=;.-7- ---=-,_ :_=-1- - ---,_ - _ _ =-- a , t --2-------g-r----- ---- ,-----= a tin - - -_-,-- _------ .--, .,--_- ---±-_-_.

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Board -

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AppAntsA Principalam

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StateAP4: ea% A 4 a_aa

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vocationallibrary

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g

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and iumor

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=

AND PiCTLIc=''-

State policyelementary steconit:;-: schools).

grup:MA, secondaryschool

A:pro an

_ctrali on

nt *f State Board Education, President of State Ural-

-

, venity, and StateTenure Commission: C®g of three

and State Superintendent as exComposed of State SuptreinteV .:totwr mama

Board of of State University: Conu.dwte,-±1 it*palar

Agriark I re : !.;+..--- of six yJp;1.sz e.Lrver-Lm. Canestat. , ;24-:

&teat Treasurer,

7. Li,-0s-54d e =7.-ous. Loatv College Niaing GA Tubaafetis Commission.

of six wirintsol by tits

asleprovision

ft-ita withOita 1:n -71

Teachers CoLSs &ate

agency for:of State educational

01 Amen' of Education.Admi-ALi!tua elementary Gaol&

and standardizing publi.

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;tat\[] service.of am% .on.

(4.

Determinationand

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byTeacher

4. Rerentsby

of

6. of

of of

.VShin

ofL Legislative by the

policy.Orgenizstion

of secondary&lieges.

and

ofDe+Administration of

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arrangementseiucatona1 servi

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State

g

%=a-.7 or *Tay aLfZ411-0.

Commissioner o Education

a 4 and- -

4-4-13t..v.--a3 aa ..-. 2.--3, ..e... - , 3 --__ara '-'C-,d.-Ae uive Lvii-Lui-.;k

d performste Superin

secretarygeneral=

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aa.,Mint_ Atityw.

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Principal State agent-nforcement

policiesApproval

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President4-4 gm=

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SCILCIOI

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egelthe Presidenz

YState

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E

nctionst

iutirennt Board.

U

=217-ea-.1agx.,

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State04

Statethe

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e

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a-30-

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nI vi C-./r4 6,..1

me _r faLie, elected

,itetrrein

.0. aff 7

a

Auditor,

-v,1%-_z

n of

-14%.g

Composedother m;---7m

A

e

10 makers elected

undCommissioner T

a =4.

Public0,=3 V

ndby

Instruction.Lle constitution

cri-

practical administrationfor.

.r4 Principal ijEtea agentA..

W-Z-7am

n-

/a.--e. A aE a et.-a-II

a' 2 n tl on at=AS

CertificationAdministration

De

of

_3 A -. = st-Inaa fY

A

.erminationt

a 1 a

of

A VAAA tga x

Decision inLi

school

for:

withIon Li;

A A %AILUa T- a

of the sei-

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77-

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3 7

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fly 3a-=_

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a

by

FAA

rg

theSuperintendent

funds,

e -a

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school buildhip epstru, e-A-1 by

wir_.-n rtem

to Asubjw-A Wa.44 L-0st, § i-*--9.mg

STATE EDUCATION

wit Federal Aitrmilitia

Commissioner a

1. for aby the Board of Education.

2. Is of th State Board of Education,previously by th

E to laws StateBoard.

of Directors of ail State TeachersCollege and ts1 Teacher

of school laws and State rulesState

Separate Bekaa1. Colleges:

by tBoard of of Governor,

of ni th

Board of Coarre_.i a_74e-ti ofmissioner Insurance,

by and firm the ent As-

kasesARDState Bawd Edgce-K-,,,

provision for an COM !-i-lej ofSecretary of State, the ttorney General, and the

2. the tvor seby regulate in the

of

Statecame of

of mc-ilThrs.

f schoolof needs

of Skate fund,.

to so

Administration

:sty

S. Is

4.

.ap-

Com-

441t

ex officio board

Page 70: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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schools, n11 r-A :4-4.

iun;(r colleges of tike State.Prescribing e e.-A. # I man =A_ ,-_-4

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n

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A f= .AAAA of2 In

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A a4* zgAS

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Commaa_a a aaAA..--1er eta of

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A

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andcourt district) appointed

rating--aVe r committeesor sui--_-_-_0-Jrvison hva a

aLAY.) K threeana

offf.

aseven

A-4 .0*E E

A A A gA jEEE =7-__ A th--Wa and

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IA

aI aa

E

A A.

-ELE

a=E VE

A- .EE 1AUL -r

:7--;.urgfrinttindent_Esz A aa:F-4r aa

A t_including tnochairman.E

Composed ofWomen's Clubs,

Pt &% MOP= 1 -7=-1%.AV-4-1-waia.0

& A AA-- ----A --==. A A

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con-

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e 3.71.#3.A, A_,..3.--ZL A

Librarian, PresidentPresident of

A L.4.iLV Governor.

1. Constitutional for ft board composed of eight lay memberSprovision

2. auvra. evErA Ag ; gy A-

F

State ageRcyr4flflflOT

11A I

educationalIon of State

AAenre v-- 1.1

#w- a F w-a

=11,a_LrL'5 Tlit.

A ta#g ofaLanagement fji

I.

t..,mc4rs.a a a _ il1Wiilea_ CA-j-PHi AicgaApa - a

oases.

4ta.

4.

school

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.by

AE.#E E

_-_-_.7=4=

AM.

f

A 1 el _. ----= _4 by A n . -- .. , <.. terms.az u-r===. ,..,..e ,w-u7,-ernor for i-ynxV)

E

_

AlEA A aa

ND POWERS

oava-s--46ref

1. a by popularAt* term.

2. "theof the

Sta,-.Principal

Supervision a public_

regulations for efficient organizatiFn andfret schools.

over ofs rates ofeatlia.

funds on

1. of Higher Leviridn Cote,ef appointed

i t. . by

kGovernor as Statethree (one frau eachby Governor terms; of not

teachers ppoInr Staterecommend for ilia

ea adoption.Junior Colleges State P elf :

ez officioQ ..-r

Lanzieston: StateState of State Library

tWo by

Sikhs Education

raerekels gisperiiigion the interact oftate and the State

8 for:

Supervision ofg and smiting

4

0.4 .

1

Su

a==-=,..__.--...-._

State for:

meetings

in

F.

Page 71: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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-- Principal- -== T- -_

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Se1.

bardsA parate governini board atfithged by the G:;=vernor for

;LUI:J higher LJWfli 1flUtL1t1E3fl.c= T

Li[JL L; Board: i'=_= I the .

Oi1UYii1i$1OflO?-- --HJKI 01 tatt= PI113 !UX

.O.

___t______ -five-= rimed e .= - - - State- - - - - - - - -

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I

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2. "generaliia j5!j and u:ron c:;;: Lev:v ti L;:e cier 5tn c=c-a:iona an.

8titutknu="; ot1er c=wr5 ai thes irescribed k

3.¼Pr

,'

Determination c: State policy.Administration fy elementary =- --

-: '':I i=-1IWa.

rv school- - '-* & - a L

- - - ---- *parse---

Certification 3

4

of

* L Constitutional wov1!io11 for a Lzitate Superintendent elected by io-milar7nt who shall of the- LLL E7

Stat.. G9vernznoL

the public c=f the itate,

:

OJfl7 of school Iaw anti carrying out of theuo1Icie

A__1 Icnmi buildingPi:rro%:a1 ?I U*flB (in and t1irc1a!F

:\

S

0

-1-7-;

aLl Stateie

sweiter

a.21t-M 61.

Board

yfor:

-tlatiaas e StaLe Btimr- Education.

Commissioner 7.4

\

JL

each

leardCommissioner &law- tAowa,

anti elected b members a the System.

by provision,State various

Nta agency for:educational

andtate

of of mday.of

4:7

Administration State Teachers CAI^tiaLtration all State higher institutions.

Administration vocational education.Stay Superintendent

the, ,

Was general tig seamenPrincipal agent for:

State Neeriand

BOARDS

of eAucation.of Education.

i'dOlwytap-

State agentrwu-

of

Stateother rnemrs appointt-d by the State &aard of Education.

State

k iFlES-Tig-mH OE

pointed

control

law.'

be executive department

supervisionState

Page 72: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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=a= .

State

-==

t*

Era=== E

CYrilla a..e

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Composed

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4

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State Goveiiivintem via

4..

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KIM* per

ff = ff.-LeFaa..A=e-a-

ormai

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arae

as

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eat'

eeea

ea!

nd =

t

two

and-

Superintendent,A-4

t=" citizens

Governor,

itrE. meuyTer g

- aee. ===e= F e

tiA State

*

A

services

a

U T ri

====tion of 'maneon of Dui

=

system,

n

_A

a e_. a =. 0A. & a =seeWWI,* iCr'V

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secondary

, accounting for nti r

funds,

wise

Fa_a. Far-

- - "

-ea

a,e7

g= ga=.__

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======a==._=.=...a..-taaa=_=

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ff

school libraryAdministration if valea iomai education.

trti way

of Statestate T-.i--;:-J.:+4Azror, Ati=_Lxne: General, and teachers by"4164 State Board of Education.

Tomtiara! -1,1mear:-. Comm C-_)42-4:7_,-*; the StateSawrinthendmit designated by ihisa&wig-Ritz-4 by State of

L 0+4-.14 Land Composed of _.tv perintanotalti,AN-4ornhon-t,_4, amid State.

=

'fir no State 'Plat exercises gener* super-vision over --;-.Aiii--;tary and ecoüry

1.

2.

=aw-=,44, 'c40t-9Q,V

Constitutional provision for a State Superintendent lel= i)y pirvote shall be a member of the department of the

Wasschool

gr;L:--o of State Board for Vocational.4.2,03= ex the Board of Education of State

__ 4_1314.

over theo.yabiic, private, and

Principal State watt for:

-W2

Administrative supervision elementaryDistribution of State natal funds.

study.of textbook&

Prescribing uniform

Pri2traiti-Mat and distribution f Federal siogipliAt-Action.

Approval f ' woos' training and cii educaVon.Administration of Federal L

of school building ure1411kg questions f as*. law.

StateU415iten

SI _

S. I -it.

andNormal

tead:.:::Educational Lands

ii.dent; has of all seftn1 Wide

at,

e theGfin

144-- "et

-Q1121--

fey thi

FLATURES AND POWERS

TeAcixtr

2.

BoardBoard:

Secretary

0.14

Nebraska

"ubraskasthools.

State

executive

powers

ex memberEdution

4,

and

a

or

andSchool Prwram.

SeparateBoard of of Schools: Composed

six others appointed bk the

2.of

of General, and Suri-wnWI State.

-)J

Page 73: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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EDUCATION

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IZ

of

ofEi Mat L=y

-A

(one lOTtne

V

a 2-year

a=

AAafa

conferences in eat'

-pitionment, of countyappeals on

outBoard

2 -a -aa f

haucat_SAGAI

-E-4=e1=t7-7

a

the

distributive

State

policy._ a = aft nms-£

Governor, rs AA2aA2 A

efficiencygg g4 1

BCI

LV

for 1-1.r-ft' --=C:_-

A _

I L

term.

e r

State.

r -I £

r -

= £ A t--

oard of

questions.A

Mt Vk-a

w. tga.,77a

a

Public In

in

£ A

iFN= _ W.-CP NA Q' otric

a

each county.

==ard of K.0

Education.

A131

C=a1*

a-0- 1-

-a.

additional persons am-roin

It

L7_,":=

-4!

=7=1

-31

STATE BOARDS OF

Vocational Composed of the State(secretary), Juice sf th orK-

. f Composed o t members appointedof State educational institutions for hudi-capped person.% and charitable and penal

Nebraska Commission: of five persons pryotte._ve to perform library snialow wor and promoteestablishment of libraries.

et Edoca-a-_aa .

provision for a board Super-f Instruction, ni five members elected byone of2 deputy oath echicationddistrict) asti necessary

duties deputy superintendents to secure and(There are no' in

S.

of State

Distribution of State school funds.of of study.

ofplans

Supervision of schoolAdministration education. (S e Separate Boards.)

state

a for State ofelected popular vol-.4

2. Ex the State Education;may confer upon deputy the ts actkis mane.Principal stats for:

teachers' of the fiveof pie State.

of State fund.school fund to

Hearing of school kWC4rryi, of whenacts as :se for

Board

Commission: espit'Ino members tha tatf five loyadopts.

L.'

a 70

Board by the

J

NevadaBoard

1.

oftion.

a

Separate

and the-

4'44-

Page 74: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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1111

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amm

on,

a -a. 5 'aA___,--aa

ccnr-

8. Board

I L Pal

-

_

g _ _7=4.

A ANDtm-= = =

Composed+-wet

invfttniof the_

ar vot

'or VocEducation

_

V

State

==_Ar _

-_ _ _ _

S fp

AAA

4.

1.

&eve

-4rfr==.17

Val

provisiona.

members ._.poin

e

ft==

learning

emploYees,

over ai

Vested

_==4t ===--Fm Mi.00 Is

additional

of

POWERS

the

the =gN_TN_I 4-tkfil

permanentnrvemitiv-

r= =

the

Cornver...eli OA_

rT Controller,

funu.

University 46-

rnem_flpti appointed

E retirement

_V-Esat

by

s business,--t=f; e-=

whd- shall

=-

XA

Determination of !=-

1111 fling0

Certification

it

LneTVjTor A_ A s...

.= z. g I etvt3,L LLIINALtkni of

it_,Zrmir=t"-i

me-V_ upennA

e

AL

n orI 1E t

of

L=.

the

the#

Governor (1960.L 3,

U.%

wrectors ol

as V T.mo. eiwf

appoint a

---V.Vssg Lc V.

y ;,=

ea- re=----A-

school

= E t

.dlibrary service.

educational policy.rt

E

businesstA A_ iLk.g.'t

into

Lins.and course of

of L,L4_--Le Les-4--nQrc coil

7-1 1-VP.a-A V= Eth

members=

only

not

tyrE:

Li

A7-7 = =LW A

State

arid

and directioncorporation

by law."t

!EU TO.L.

115.

pervisory anions or

ministration of all higher institutions, exceptvirsitv-1ifliristratjon of vocational education.

of Education

lye nroVislon g a State Commissioner or Education-e tate !roar&

oincer id sez:re.-auu of the State0. Principal state agent for:

-

Jurisdiction

tate

of Education.

StateEnTorcement oi law c°rrring. out the ru

low the a= a,ea?a _,

di 4-11=2"_. (r- hu cation.

which4L--

_g.al

t=.1. t_t4 education, the Stateand taemr the7

2. State of Finance: ofState Treasurer, and others appointed by

t,.4

of Ottz-!.(the State is

of higher In the State.)4. Board- Education: Composed of tAe .4 Board of

. plus

S. Employees' Board: Composed of five p--- painted by th Governor; provisions of all

public including teachers.

co

1. ye for -0111 k 4

the"the .-4-4-ers urIon

. an a

0. with to Statebe officer and secretary.

iF

H rs

A

Principal State agency

elementaryseveral school districts

of study.of teachers.

Preparation plans.school

the Uni-,

4

Commissioner

pointed by

Executive mini

Basel and andad State Board

nt7ew Xemi tiu Stem all control of obviation ka Stat. Cagusvimionet of Education haws. imPli

the board.

71

4

elected

Educationa

of

*

" ew

\

ap-

2.

of

Page 75: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1011

1113

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10II

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1

ii' s

BeardsIII TjfL$ Commission:i1D!!y the LibrarianJUW=J "' at '-4'rar*n ancfour other ;mur a;cj by the21E e*thr Retirement Board: zirnnc ci the sik

__; =-- (1:-1--7- lt:=T =i_

pmembers ---;___ --- 1=__, Governor.

-. -v

L Iav ryr nr4 r-4 t 21L-

;= .- three4 1-f 41 = L

L V ti with auerai Btw-1ci ãflQ contra' iZ tmLLlc Ifl1 4J4i

k -__ !

- for:JbJj £I1- 11 - 4 J u

: is ;= e; a eew ; La-:-

4-L Lmi Li Ji Ui (UU.

v

U. LtsuyI

-L = -4 I_

FDpr,v: :-:

s:=: Cl :i; ner ze: = - of£i-kA t vocational 4

--- - higher- -t_ fr_r ;=- over t - andinstitutions r-'J ' V &1k =, -w

%Decisions , T='- Ft w

1 L ij T

1. Lis1th fr n Stt fzn f Eieatfcn ar-!OIIzt&1 y tne t c1Xr cu&tart

2 Serves as ithrv of Board of E& 15 vested with rvjson af all schools cf E3tt r&iv1n State tic!.4=. }1i duties &flt fyr-q ar.. h onthfrrM. u1pmc; nztt ti

Board= , ! £ ti , a i_ Education.: L

I t for:ilrninistratkji of &tt. Department of ucatfryDistribution

I__

A

:?

-w,

Inspection cif school buUdIna11:s;eT::oE 0: aecxicts,--- - \ treAr1:-n

j-r :

4-ø =__: LAe J& tkLLt L.L 7£_= -__-_!=1==

,J1 i

£ kK

ry !--- 5 -= --- .-:1-:-

, t-_L_i V 1= I Ju 'JJ j Library,for =-

--- '= - -

-U4 Y L=L L 7 WJLI =

$i tJLi ti V H Stetsb5i U .y.

'4

fr"

_

CI- ,111-1,=-

n

of t to

sAw.SY-on

aN

r at

tura

amsmakors aqi)p*Lato

"the

Sta .ortay

oe

theteacher&

school lb,

OM

illn ri aloft '.ickvuttiezi.atAw-x.

2.

A

WialTit

ds-tv._

provisionGovernor. X chiC the State

A

Nici4 2

.

thethe

3

L State

of school fends.subject

of

keel' dotty2

IA

77,

A

tof eird eiEttA I

2

andMuseum.

as deans

OF

Governor.

oI

a:IME

C missimmtr,other

women.

af nal policy.and 5=--,outi,ary

executive

six assistant approvalBoard.

osrtificatai.

Supervisioncl&ssf---

six:vial

Page 76: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

0110

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1111

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0011

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oll

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iiiiii

iiman

ium

illim

mou

scol

ocom

mia

riiim

iNIM

MIII

POWERS

V_=4

_1- 4--

4=4 __

-

tadk

ir4=1 a

A

4.4

C

_

-

s-manse-4

the Board of

-4

r

vain

-sss

..e

as

,

AttiN1

et -4_= EtJcomponent--- -11

AgriClatOM tat-- L-14 ek

Jersey auff the'Education er

_ Board- A_ ttf A

**Uwe private itstiA_o_-_ toe) and t.:=4*-1 State Boardligia mat:1-C 7LZ '17MutAM.- 0.1 Li State University.t Board Examiners: Car---1147se-- of Commissioner of nt.--,tion

ancar-,.: in seracationai 461. are

73

tete

ofof Aegean

) andmartine_L i a-cation am potnti-,17 b

Ae_

Tritb if = - .

Truna-Atmr,1,4 tYritW *if

Kattewd:-._

the Statev one itraots pointi*d- by Om lover.butt anti_ the it e ;f' sa.

,

Constitutional provision forrf 2-_-_kis and five -7.,,tr= members

tir=787--;_i?_mp

r _ In -- ;.:71144- by ,414-0

_.(._.---., -.,_-_---;--, of

t 0-rw,e.tir4.fiaaNy ;ratria, and directionof all public nicA.-1 under tack iw providedb law.

State77- "shall 1* toll* .grirvrrifAte n-ccierity a allpuli flJ ffb -2!Ltj State educational polkyAdministration 0_0_ :tarryDistribution -4ite,te nebiAJ, gigs& (jointly

Budget ti--=1"20.rktteregr!.Ati.- of course

,s

ea'Adoption of _

issuance of local school bonds.CeArAifteadon teachers.

gsp,-1-r-nul Eebt41 building amtransportation.

at-m7Wituttitita f ittetitazi disputes.

1 400Bal_fit 1144-

.-41N

-

Principal

sireatiis

'44

lay popfaHry vote"tx1 the State Government

4 publica-

-,---- - =7. .7

;

1-!-3

In,member a

; tO

poMes and m.2m of_ Mats=1-VL*N1 I

Al

L.

FEATITit

Upstate P.-~de1. A hoard for each theCollege a Agricultural Station, the

New Goiko f.,or Wc-en, Department Higherof College;

(a of Education

2. ofseven sera work

by the Co -tv lisner of theState Board.S. Cmopc*A of

three others elwted frwn

Gi Eikpeation

1. aStat.

shall be

vested withregulations as may

By the Boardand of the State."

4. Principal State agency for:

eexico

ofof and secondary schools.

of with State Educational

study.

textl-k.340bi.

ofof

of.4dmin1stratkth of school

of vocational education.

State

provision for a Superintendent of4elezted who shall be a

excutive cky-4.rtment2. Chargwi vowel supervision of

the sm=k-ft--nision of the State of3. for:

Executhigof

Page 77: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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r1,1

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..

-

4

Fes

4 10_111141;1-1t a at

separate _- =- = -

--_0--

;oilA A * I A A

rA_At * *4.4_

governing,t

r0

i

00=

t

policies0=0 V-1

A

ofBudget

k-

F,=

r ede ra 1 funds for educticn.

a

L_

±:

0*A Ai 0-0 irf -..

00 c by0 v _**if. 0-

- -

+.7=0-00=_:4 " .4 k A I I- E01

provisionA

for

=0_-_t-

E-=- a V 'kJ

the State."

,*(

E

f

re:

Board ofor Statecompos'

-- =

f_AV

Regents;

1

-

A_E-t-0;-#

A

@

F *

the

7 I 0==-A =n

L

;r 0_f

vi

E

n

cit

= A-Lk EEO 40-. ofrt _ _ r

s'=_111

and

L.)

theV _A-0 A a I

management A_

-0-in--A. I:4 I__ t*-4 10.1

A

A

i 17, the Jrm----- A -AFAA &=-1 ,*_g at

Acirn. ;-= -_,1-

A A 4,A4-

IV =

CertificationLi of ecirie

" on f(7-04-1-r-11

and

1=

, * *_=*.14.. 41

_t

e_wc

TA =

A A

library

asecondary

0V I ," and =S.I V-0' *-A

_(1

Iv r1-4VE= -4_

educational-1__=_A

ElT

a a m n istra tcliff

0- -.0, 0 00w4-

& tb-

A=4.

£ 4 1" -I.-

4ftprovision _w-rw__Les v., A

"UV t # ;w_,Af=_tAL:tt.: cfficer

8. 118.5 r

4.subjc:t 4to

--.

E# U.( 1_7_ A

=-

work-1 I

X,-r1

_ _ =

of the6

V

*0.0If=

_=ikz1=7-10.= v -_- _ V

for:te agent-1 7

State

V* A polici

5. Has n-n- ualciA t Aauthont e over all

---=A -0.*-

t

hither Y

-U

_ =-of s=.= A A _-

t_0-

system _

1 -== V 'VA and

7A

-=#-TA 00- * are

determined ww-p3.-tf. AL,VT-- the

k

problems.40-0 AA-A gE = r g

=

=].

=

74 rrATIE 17,:k PS

ofteacher (jointly

separate) of thfor

goad g4ecT

Constitutional a legislativeprovision af 1$ members prfiointemL. theState

E -ercissi rtanState establisbem rules for r-g into

and the to education; is headhiCh "LE charm' tio su-

of all schools and all of work of

S.

concerning system 074

w-k-

8. Appoints Coonniftione, tit=of Educhtion; other staff

GtizAisaliii]ior.Pr State agency for:

State policy.eittientaxy ancl

, Distribution of StItkof

ofAdministration of school service.

vocational education.of )Y1 of the Stabs

University he Board of /healer E4Intaticisn, Newinstitutions of

Charterimg andSupervision d licensing of as

established by .

51 Commissioner1. the Commissioner

theis ff pTior Ike., o and

alas of ofBoard

r seli4,42ukvryiniox of le%

Principal S.all

Board if d

al of selp,o,l, ire:r plans.

the 8tate

A

York( Regents)

1.

thelaws

the

tivt

4.

GeneralBoard,

of

ol Education

is ap-Regents.

2. Education,

of Regents.

andRegents.

Page 78: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

illiti

lIPP

Flop

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P

BF

Commissionof

_t 4 7

f

_gr 4#1 ;

1-

. 7 r--

and * I

tk.` t tt A=

4 ifft -73

f

Composed Commissionert_

= =- =4-t. 4_4 L-7- V_ ..aalatattaa-sta,sit

#.4& Ir

,V I=',Errp0.= AA

A theBoard

r11-4

e-_ S-i I 2 the

-c4= other pe mons r tx: - 4

_ A

=

-

t 4 -, wkr-r k

t- 1 =a =57 3 4

raA

the

and one

T 774E I

provision - E_T T 5- 4 t"--74 V-- E

VE --a=

I

#3

Com-

11

-_,-- # -_ --- ..---a *-a:._ -_. a aa--., 4 ,,,t- VI Li ------_# 1 i ._1. i i 4-,-#

' I _ oneLit

.E=- = 57E0E

= I

the --r r

4 4Unguent - =7. in#.4 .

_ secretary;Instruction,s

IL t = the Governor,-AA

t the L * # _

&====

=-r1=-

terms.# r-*# =

I 7=- .2 2 a 442A I 4

-7 #4*-- t 1 t

General1

= =_ ; z State

t_

Determination

4-4

:Argo..

E_ rt_ A 1= 5 s

DivisionCertification

717

Appointment

=

all

v

off

"t 1

rom

% =&

Superin-

_

- . E

_educationalthe General

14,-..5

a; serve

. "1,-C* A V5 i.

n relationt t

, 0--5Er._ rr _.. ,_ E75---s ---, -, Av-5-# f 1 , 1ilEk. 1 j,_=1'Ut *E5/EE,

s# 0

ti State intoof teachers,

of

' I 7 15 T-7 policy.iL4 a__

school, _4=

==_r_

. _ _

r -3i 1

districts.secondary

library service..equalisation (I 05'1111= it7

* 4 1_ 1&a & kr

ttkrS the

7

tott-}

=

a

* 1t4.4 ._ 441t_.

*=--1 I aik-5- &-* 5E= &-ra5=5

I-11-4 4`--

and=

4_4_ I i

's0-5sit:4W w&r. 711 -

A

I T:K1

" comptrollerL=

Ato t.--I 14- 4 i=a g 74 T4

Constitutional_

0= 2.- I I 7_ t

executiveL-Itr4

=Shall

A %-IL -1- 4 L. it_faa

A #-4_7 ri .-4-7* 4

&

= _ _3. V kv 55 5-5 1-7==5-57 VPrincipal =

0- -a

Lie=

A 441 .2 2 1 4a - - 5 4.2 f

_

f7-3.

vote

0:7=

#4 7

_

;_

VI-1Ca a a-

t Cp 1 Iri :#5 0 t

t& U- 4 4_7-4

schoolE of education.

4

Assembly

7- I. 7-

r" -t ;05 E-÷VE _ k

of

TkS

I =-A it 1 0

====.

a ft 7I. A 0

A AfI I---- 6e a mem

Government..r

it=4-1 and r r yr,# I ill CV

c

FEATURES AND POWERS 75

$ Commlv-!-41_L for Physically Handicapped:

Education (ChairmAn),of State Board Charities.

ft_

V.

Tenuie Commission: Composed byGovernor, one the Commissioner of by the

Teachers by BoardAssociation.

Teacher Retirement t nlearimnis: one 1}-pointed by he of by of Edu-

State or one appointed by him, and

L.araimaSkote

for of EducationGovernor, as chairman; the Treasurer;

tendent Public as ex officio--Nrs by 1 each 8

. .tricts which divided by'And 2 the at appointive .rnbcr for

E. authority to power to makerules rpgulations free schools

bfl the of theas the

3.

StateSupervision elementary

school

of textbooks% (with a.id of TextbookSupervision

funds the

of a comptroller the Governor.have supervision and management

of is responsible tisi

'Inte1. for a Superintendent oZ Public In-

and wh* ofdepartment of

after of schoollaws and regulations.

for:of study.

of building plans.Supervision and,

et

B.

North

1.

2.

Page 79: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1

=

4

STATE BOARDS

State Text. 4, Commission

and Superintendent;_

elementaryof the .high-schoolsuperin

2. Board ofthe,

State

dent..e University of North Carolina:

of_LUX w.,VItitii-Lon of textbooks for benefit of

members appointedbe outstanding teachersto ne 0. A

-

grades; R ne Z stayA Do

Governorcr ofu.L

E-V A

superintendent,Legislature;

ex officio, anahas control

State University, State College fdrAgriculture and Engineering;insatutions under

=ucation

overwriii7s-Afi

ra-ail other

separate governing

principals=

electedme-mber-ins _

tolGla LIUTIS

(1 State College ofhigher educational

ty

of

The

D-' t- has no State Board of "'on the sena,.n ue,o aA 3 s s

theara 2-tu I ,-- -.4 a-a vested with general3101 UULULi.

pervision public 61 'I-017&Seot.,JADAlc schools is concerned.

Stat Superintendent

is inoperative soA dr

1. -Cronstitut onal. provision for SateG.0

struction electe: by popular vote.Charged with the

3. Principal Stat"general

inr

.1. nr7 tne supervisionbelow.)

Superinte. dent tif

supervision (IT

,DeterminatiWn of State educational policy.-Administration vE

OA

PublicIn-public schools:,

lementary BJId secondaryofDistribution Stite school funds.

Determination of course of studv.Certmeation teachers.A _ Ty.74 .R` school .11mm.%

E A.A,g,kv-

Ca" g 0

Adniinieration of school library service.

1. State

6

of Higher Education: Composed of 7Dy the tzovernortiigner imrnin

authcjzedAfam4 vri A. I ffs -

0. s. A A -

,

*E"

S

ecreUI

(.-.

rrinron

VrttysalA A t-

of State,

)

=

perintendent,A

iT

Commission:

A-A

3 IR

b.)

arv

sehms

fri=g= = e

institutions ofcontrol at all StarACommissioner of

LAnds:

a

Agriculture and LaIr.

Auditor,

i- 1

IIier education;A

for matioEL,,g of Lbw

atiwney timer-A,

Compoze,i of the Governor.,..tiditor; and Commissioner

A

f-vernor.A-

s

of Retirement4. Board of Trustees w.q..d Comzumcher

6.

FriEUii6 Us. en State Eujrhitndeiit, aro tnm ,--ttnar

*SsDy the Co;eorState .

S tion.oftansy General nd

'7!

Al__E3

a .ff__,_-

S.--='1_.. _,..---= =5_-.a. et aVae.

.P. .-. N i "77 as a :-:---..-_-__a=__-_,-, _,--,_-...a_-- ....,.- -__a .-__..-,-.-

V V,. 1 EA

persons

of the Gov

Stateappninted

sark

7

2.

I.4

70, . OF EDU 1ON

Separateeal

states Bo_ Composed 12 by.the7 ta

the grades; or1 witty

alrustees Cti111

State three

boards.

state Board a§

in usual (TheState of formerly au-

Separate

2. theagent

of ik

Sepavatet.

A

Board aPPointed; ,has

appoidts ato State rd Education.

and School,

3. Librarylb'

of State (40gs

td 4

Ate.State

.

Boards

5

a

by

North Dakota

Boards,

a.m1

-m-

.-:,.

,

fi is2..

andB ,.. 4. I. .

, ,1BZZiiII.1

I1

M'

to tie

Page 80: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

4

ce.

=

6.

FEATURES AND POWERS

State Cfurl- "t'Fir w--5-Aji '7°a

E _ .Aon_

the \governor,and Labor.

7. $tate Board one Teaching Scholarships: CompOsed of State Superin-tendent and four others appointed by the Governor.

Attorney Genera% Lt

A"..m.dr 5=im p JP& #

Commissioner of

_1 of-1!--#

Aa-2---r- 7.41 Li aa.- X,

8. State

Ohio

Board of Administration: Composed of State Superintendent,missioner of Agriculture 11-1

p

AL

by the Governor; has

no general ot te r

4 a #

Constitutional provision,

I.. &.# gA

bon Anpotnted D

O 4 aPlitlertE."

4."

Lab-or anththree other membersebei.... 2. F._ mAd.

A 5r%5'- 2.1^e4-..1."Ve

--E4i

Ayr a StateGovernor, and w

0 Institutions.

Superintendent e-? Pubm 2 T-ff VI= -E-# X.A1

part-mem OT

7

iS a merciu-z1. Wa=

Governnientthe executive head oi za- ijevAment ox

=45 = eSle departmentEatim sri u:vu.s4 et....ft vvi -v-t. -4 standards withand professional schools.

3. for:StateDetermination of

A I _ " 4_-rge'l oy

etne

=,

efts

'Lae

#41,11Ezein wlilch En fl;overnnent empowered to

various

C-ati On al policy.elementary and secondarye

Distribution of State schoolDetermination of course of studu.

w-Ln lu otcertification 0CI 40. A 4.4 a AEAI .q :*a 5V 2== 2..nlig ,==T

Fain censorship.Supervision

e &seas

school eiDral-) p cAc.7 14, e.

SlaRrj- of

schools.

P-111 fin&,t6-fi

Li

ard of-Examiners).

Schools for the Deaf and the Blind.

1. State Board for Vocational Education

2.

Composed of SLtendent (chairman and executive officer) ,Director of er ureA _ 1A,

24.43.a.. 6 _ p

Finance.'

v.XeaffiinPr*Board F

L=

S. State

4.eV

Fite _*Vf L

Libraryinrinthndent.

man) and four

A

-.A-.;

Director of Industrial4-F-

5

0.tau A 1 A

n 10 me reciop

1-1 Aneiatiorlsp

Composed of five persons apith

Composed of the State7' reons appointed LI7, .z; _

..,

Retirement10-=_A a -

vBoard: Composed of the

Superintendent,by the Retirement Association.

5. A sem bo-ft.1 apliointed bir the Governor for each State HigherRai-12ation inatitsdion; State Director of Education is an ex officio

uperinthndentthe Governor.

and two others ài

and

--7-ener-AL

_

LDolt' ,ea iroin ana.

r ol efter inaLQ,

A44

A

N.

flon of School Como A

Of

Board of Education

Ohio

"'- 15-

the State2. h

ofrespect jio

xdpittl scoldState

teachersof

1..a

of State

.

,

ofState by

StateBoard:

other

Attorney State

,Pie

et-

M

1.

Director

`az_k,

Page 81: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

1111

1111

1111

111m

mes

unin

trii

In51

5 5

u 51

Tr5

5191

i,ii

mut

hrno

ugt-

±T

nr17

3111

111d

11,,

"321

7711

M11

1711

A

aft.

0 A mTASTSTATE BOARDS OF EDU Li. juri

ale Board tx#0 ea%.W_EgE

1. Constitutional Drovision

'kIahcini

a oard of which the State Lttr-F1-dent of Education shall be a member; Legislature has establisheda State Board composed of th 7 C-- 7k-

kAALL nu,t. asbyanu six ouner members appointe t,u, .7-bvernor.

2. Vested by constitutional provision with 'the tvisioLOn the public schools."

1-4,sLablishes anti prescribes the duties of an execu vr-1 V

Lfrx, te '1Tc-to Superintendent of Public Instruction.4. Controls anti directs .te work and duties of ale State jff

Wa Ea shall

Education and exercises supervision over the 6tate public-schoolsystem,

5. Vested with authority to require coordination of -wda divisions theofState Department of Education through its executive officer torequire all recommendations to be presented through its executiveofficer, and to requireterprttation of the Board

executive om...cer

6. Principal State agency for:Determination of State educationalAdministration of elementary

be responsible for in-

and wm.e-.

Distribution of State school funds.Determination of course of study.Classification and accreditation of public high schools.Certification of teachers.Administration of voCational education V 40.N eta'5 -40111 .1 _vtvikfLiAdministration of Federal Saul Lunch Program.

arninistration A l Education.ormulation P 0;/.. regulations to govern private corn-rnercial and busines§ colleges.

Cooperation with Federal Government in regard toeducational relations.

State cupPrintendent

Federal-State

1. Constitutional provision for a state Superint-enduant of Publicstruction elected by popuiar vote, aiVi who is aexecutive department of the ate vuz, -t

member ofmn

tne

2. Is ex officio member and president of the ._, (.0,..--.tv-rn Dociru of ge&-.Tie-et-ii-i-9, A h 'n ^ 7 ,, ce . 0

,--.E_&-a-ti-ui. pPresident of the Board of Regents of the Oklahoma College forWomen; President, Oklahoma Library Commission; Secretary ofthe Oklahoma Textbook -Commission; member of the Board ofTrustees of the Teacher Retirement System; and a member of theOklahoma .__._._. ...

0 .Commission.IIs ciinrgPri al the supervision n,. en aUMMist ation of the State

, ,__ 0 --_, . , 0De-

U.

partment of Education and the Si,a,4. Principal State agent for:

Making recommendations to State Board on

public-school

taini1

C*.1A-.. a -,t,F per-_to the policies and administration of the Statement of Education and the public-school system.

Depart-

for

president

ef Instruction

A'

E

3. officer

of

its topolicy.

*ley.secon

and

of

4

system.

9p

Page 82: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

FEATURES

Enforcement of school laws and policies of State BoarEducation.

supervision of public instruction as executive officer of SBoard of Education.

Supervision of school library service.Soparate Eoar=Js

9

Board OA Regentsby the Governor;appointed theallhas control oi colleges witn

of Oklahoma Colleges: Composed of nine members

exception 01versity

Board al

acr-riculturaj and mechanical colleges and the Uni-t iv in n01118.

forRegents the UniversityaPrrii%-o sv-aDomted by the Governor.m m rtm

of.Oklahoma: "#'* rt. vs, sevenLi' -*Aa UI

3 Board of Regents for all agricultural and mechanical colleges: Com-posed of nine members, eight to be appointed by the Governor,the nInthi to be the President of the Board of Agriculture.

4. Oklahoma Quata ---t%senLzt of Higher Education: ofuomposed ninemembers appointed Dy the Governor and constituting a coordinatingUltra of control for all institutions of higher learning.

5. Oklahoma Library Commission: Composed of thedent

M0-,narinten-State ur-oand four other persons appointed by the Governor.

6. -acner Retirement System: Composed of the State Superintendent,a member of the State Tax Commission, the State Treasurer, StateInsurance Commissioner, and five other members appointed by theGoven approved by the Senate.

7. Textbook mission: Composed of State Superintendent as Secre-tary eight members appointed by the Governor; adopts text-rx-oks for public schools.

8.

9.

10. g

ren of Oklahoma Military, An on el a./a...rn.V owl of fivemembers appointed uv the Governor with the consent of the Senate.

Regents for Oklahoma College ior Women: Composed of4h76 member_ four appointed by the Governor and the State Super-intendent 0 serves qtr-4

AT R-a Junior College: Composed0 agenta for Northern 01-1411%"of three members appointed by till Governor.

.p "0 AaNA-OZA%1115

I.

_

slative provision for a general board composed of the Governor,the A-S4,-, Lre Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Secretary ofState, and four other persons appointed by the Governor.

2. Vested witm aszt-nr):av and duty to prescribe rules for the generaloovernment, - public elementary and secondary schools.

8. Principal State agency for:Determination of State educational policy.Administration oi elementary ana secondary schools.

of StateDistribution. school funds.4V=. eff k= atlOn btaox Czi

CertificatiO AwacAdministration of vocational

ff6,..0

ELTD

AND POWERS

S.

of

1.

C.

Roard of

Board e

President.

.11---

Nib

Boaa

the

.

ofof

79

gf

S.

Page 83: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

fiHN

IMIII

IIIIII

Mom

mom

omm

osom

mom

mum

mun

onom

mV

INU

MB

EG

ME

IME

IMIln

atom

m0

sot

A _A E BOARDSS 6. -A. LdVA VAT Vr'S A rpr-ti Vitt JUIN

1. Constitutional provision for a State Superintendent Publicof

2.

8.

=

1.

g.

A eTsr,s-a--va k-t.10

ex officio FfJ

Dy pularanti-- executive officer

Education, and is vested withthe State

generalthe superintendencyschools and of county and district school officers

PrincipalA 0-6

Enforcemer

A

e

rytri n er_

I =-I TV?+**.

fr

-1--vr

of school

Board

In-

OI DULFzic

laws and policies of the State Board.oIic oi ,h_ State.e-x

g 01 117 hera .a

Board for Vocational Education._*. relations.

9.

Education:-.. Composed of nine men-h,:rs RD-pointed by the -overnor; has control "over all public higher edu-cational institutions.

tate -toarEappointed

ff

A

DV

Textbook CnilliniSsioner13: Tr! ofthe State oar of ,atioli,--idopts text-

Pennsylvaniaownezil of Education)

1. Legislative provision for a, State gouncil ,of Educationthe State Superintendent of Public Instruction and nine other

composed

sons appointed the Governor.2. Vested with all powers and

of Education aici""al auvantar-Aq

nev._k A

duties formerly vested in the State Boardwith the power and duty to equalizeof the State.

8. Principal State agency for:termination of Sate educational policy. t

State

el

Approval or disapproval forri) alLq-1 er e r

Determination of course of -Supervision of *

Arz.0-01 U,TiLiauktictio"0,-.Prescribing lor sanitary comment

buildings.A°. A00

A

L tic Ls Li on of teachers.Administration oi educathml.6.6

Providin StflflAXdS -.-:=LLU

1nEuamons.Superintendent

of

ana

4.t eutzea.,

QAT-Inó districts.

inspection of school

inspection oi private aegreeornerring

1. Constitutional provision for State Superintendent of public instruc-.

tion z-zppoint-i by the Governor.ti2. Is mernier of the executive department of the Ste-

is head of the Department of Public instruction.3. Is ex officio president and °executive officer of the

iO.biallen n-ti4. Principal State ogPnr, A

A 0 A aRaministration of elementaryDistribution of State .e

Znioreenient acnec_t!Education.

Administration of -school

---

Gov,:rnmen and'

and cw-,-C011asary schools.

._.

L=-Af

a I ,

AN 0_,

f v ii

A

ice.

of the &at-

Council of

,,

oX+uouncift

80

Sogerinettridardi

elected voterIs of oi

out.;

State4t-

ago gvaa

e,:----ptE five members..

moaa Education

of.by

all parts a 4,

of

plans.rules

4,4

.

. .

.

State. ,

k,

-, .,.ty

h .' funds._ a.

laws' , . C

,.

,

\

State

,

6.

04,

et.

.._ - -

Page 84: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

milm

olut

amm

ossi

ntm

umilm

alim

um

1.

9Ae

FEATURES A

boards 01 State

2nurie ri nth-"=-L

*EC= &

TE

AMES

;TM

members ofLIVA. a I 1_

POWERS

teachers' IVr-a-.g I=

.rettfoo %- -8

A VP`,".=tULL1CL

1

g.5

TVIDINCel cat--9_

members appointeua board.5 al T,Iye in

ennsylvania State Collet.Superintendent,

V

NA

a

the uovernorPublicDepartment of

Composed Vf-A. the G 6_ Ao- ff nor. oLY-IttA

beer...ry of Agriculture, President, ox-

Superintenpointed by

.= .a__if

I 4 L,-at7-

Composed Ordent (c.oairman

=

tG76=yern threeth

State

Ai ion 4,--4L,L, one electedPublic-School

Governor,plies

uovernor.seven rnernber

ireasurer.aDDoina a

niniainh Authority:State

ASunerintendent Secretary

by the

President or the Senate, and Speaker o

g _ *

control over education

F=

e board OT

a

&

& aa4& N=,

emember y

rwurement AFtso

mpoget_ of Limrc,erty _and Sup

the House.

education in theIs vested in a

the Department of

Director

2.

* e

jj'f4"-'n LI I -° tifa A___a

tne Governor.

ucation.

for

tias general swLviszon nd

Director of EducationA

usual

ofrect-,,r education

Liol of

ense.

A=A p rti L-74:

r-

the public schools.3. Is the head admini trative officer of the Department of

State01.

= .2 _rAtAuca.t.ionwhich is one of the major departments of the State Government;

al.50 ezz u V -0 olucer of vcrzatkInal-a *

Ka v...aW--aa

.

for:agent%.;1 LIA znaion

ttiElka

0, a-4 a a

Distribution

of Stateof

educational policy.elementary and

State fr q

Determination course of study.ofa Ea 1-10pa

&

a= 'ffa

ff eiLer-11

AN.S.-t- = F Lalual Ji schoolbuildi

library

i.ea4a.0ffat -LK4S, V "0...hS,"."&00------r-

a4' a% aa rffmjne

sPrriect*=---11C- .1- 1,1Th A.- Teacher== %,4 te" A_

I- -AA.A7.jA. System.tz,tling disputes arising under school law.

Separate Boardse1/4 1.

2.

State= =

rector O.

Regents:a

for Vocational Education:A -= a.. IjUL

Labor.

other n----==mons

'Ma

4-

Rhode

Agriculture aria

ra

DirectorCoE!1poEE.d OA

ConservAtion, and the

Composed of tate Dircttoa of Education and'

mre and a

w. a-== es

appointed

conies

Governor;Rhode laud StateigAUWtion

.aa.A -,As.

°*--* ;WAL-=45%,

4

4

ape' BoardsThe governing anc examinb boards

for licessins each the

made the

the College,2§ other members by the

S. Teacher Retirement Board:, State

by the board.

_Stale

State board

de

Rhode Island no

as headsr,

State d etweellkoro1. provision * State by

is. State

of 4,',;"

ofteachers.

Board ofof Die.

Boardfoltrisf wham an by k- n t-S have

of thetits State if

. s

a

and

4.

has

.

. .

Page 85: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

1N11

1111

1111

1111

1KIM

IIIIII

mild

IER

INI1

1121

11M

EN

NIN

SIU

IES

IMIS

NIM

NIM

EM

MIN

Imm

omnn

imm

1131

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

11

0

1.

Education

Aqns OF pilvicA

Constitutional forprovision= uovPrnor. t

_-_-

= Superintendent

=-=

State Board

seven other persons appointed by2. Vested with power prescribe

public school ac

Principal State agency ior:Determination

A,stk_i i of rulesrii-evotionA I a

AdministrationDetermin

oi elementary

rules governing

----acaLiona!crovernment of the

of ui 2uion co.

noonthe uovernor.

different

and secondarycourse of

Auontion of t,extbwKs.g a free orrovi m_ euta"I__ 1

C_

_ k Licatic%n of

study.

syF

rtav

4nd not more

phases of

DI

schools.

textbooks.s w

ktammistration of cational education.

118.

1. Constitutional provision for a f Superintendent of Pi.. lie In-.,struction.

Ia vested, uy constitutional provision, with the "supervisign of publicAictruction."

a 4

3. Ex officio member and secretary of the State Board of Education.4. Principal State agent fo

General supervision over all school funds.DistributionApproval of

11.

of ,3tate school funds.school building plans.of school library service.

1, State School Book Commission: Composed of Governor, Stateintendent, Director of Division of Textbooks, one member of StateBoard, and three county superintendents of schools; provides wext-books for use in public schools on a rental system.

Library Committee: Composed of the State Superintendent, the Su-pervisor of Elementary Education, the High-School V.!

-Fr Lorw

Pind four others appointed by State Superinterident.S. 'Separate governing beam lor each State higher

largely membets appointed byoon composPGezA u e

educational InsL.1.11-ihe State Legis-

and usually including the Governor and the State Sup- r-intendent as ex officio members.

4. Teatther Retirement Board: Composed qf seven members

=

foe

Dakota n 8 no State withboard

a

.e=1

ail -ex

-general Lit,L, over elnen

I

STATE

State Board ofA

a

a of of

to

3.of Statte policy.

fol the

of,

.,

Of

If

stag SIVPOrgeOntill

ft

2.

°

Separate oards

es Qv,

. Super-

2.,

the

-ofS.

IIII54

n 4,-

--.15

;.

M:4 of Education

South

1;r

A

South

-

a

I

, South

Page 86: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

1111

1011

2111

1111

1110

1111

1111

1111

1I11

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1:01

111C

moi

rtim

ilipr

ovol

iniv

omoi

liiro

imili

goov

oini

mi0

1111

1111

Poim

mito

mir

igno

mr0

1011

1ili

collk

111,

0111

3411

1111

IIIi

ii111

111,

1101

1111

1111

111P

Illt

1111

1111

1111

111N

1111

1111

1111

1Vel

tall

State

g 4-- 4-Iteth

ani. secondary schools. It has, however, a special Board of Regents incontrol 'f all public higher education. See Separate Boards, below.

#. a eg

#E-

Constitutional provision for a State sunerintendention' elected a-

ves the neral supervision orcOunty- and Ltwai superintendents o

(-1 4 for:et1 _ --,,rptel agenttaLt_i a a._,vai.A..

of r".1'Determination :Llta

schwls.

edu a io al policy.(.inistration ot e.ementliiy and se-condai

Distribution of school funds.-Determination of course of study.

\Approvalg - a LA ch of Leacr-rs.

1

Sell _All

Supervision of

Afar,

stats

iilding plans.library service.

(Vocationalotatre c÷

Superintendent. rresident of StateCollege of Agriculture' andpointed by the uovernor.

2. Board of Regents ot Education: Composed of five members appointedby the Governof., provided fDr IT the constitution and vested withthe control of all public higher edivational institutions.

3. State Library Commission: Composed of the Governor, Stath .Super-intenaent, the State Librarian, and two others appointed by theGovernor.

..., instruc-public

mine schools" and of

ducati_ ComUniversity, President of Sta

4Laut

echanic Arts, a four otaers a0-

2n--Ird of Education

_

gislative provision for a board cOmposed of the Governor, Com-missioner of Educationi and nine other persons appointed by theGovernor.

2. Vested with certain specific 'powers with respect to education ingeneral.

8. Has control over all public higher educational institutions except theState University.

A Printipal State agency r: .

Determination of State educational policy.Administration of elementary and secondary schools,

4

Distribution of State schoolDetermination of course of study.Adoption of textbooks.9Administration of school library servie

-omihisstnrier et Me* E.4 Lg.U.-at.EWE

1. Legislative provision fora State Commissioner of Education appointedby the Governor.

2.

/-*w

itio inemier and el airman of the Stat 'el 1 ax haw-Arlon

r)

AN POWERS

4?) 4

1.by vote.

211 Is with all

3.

schools.

ofschool

Separate *ads

.0

1 . Board Education : of

nnessee

ryq.,

_

-et

%

flands.0

a,

Is e Board

83

m;11E0-_.a_

, ,./' - a0a.0a

V

.----

ift-

..m

a ..

.---

.st. i_---

. .I. L---_

.,,-

Page 87: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

rill

Inru

m11

1MT

111I

TT

IMM

timrg

linm

mm

aim

mlin

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INN

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INII

IIR

EIR

S111

11N

omm

Ang

rolI

TT

IMI'r

fr11

1;r1

11"1

1111

1111

1113

1

3.

Se

also chication.

PriP Ia _

V

StateSupervision

executive

A:5-4510A* 0V LLill VIII

aorcvementEducation.

Distribution of

LL

acner

k a ..__ 04,

VI tA- A e A LL;t- ee A

Commissionerpointed bying proniovees.

State nosed ot

Fa

1.

2.

8.

the

.-

0

cer of

pdblic education.all school laws

rnT schoolers

of school libr,

.aiovernor.of the State

Board

tin

0 TAmat EA

service.9

L_k_e

.4.

g Composedrat- stA A

the State Treasurer, and six meee

=--

whom muste-4-1

r .1.n rt Qt---it isL A-4

as a- tj

a 46# Stateeach congressional

withVest&z.i the powerlish rules for

rs-As

s_wstrict, r.or ata. adopt - -notic

conrol 4AL

g

the State level except higher et-itiqe. 4_

L- =--e am--ency

,ntment, of y

be member- oft A-5

5.0.

a,..ereso nor jk -

metiers sli,t

%5,5

= -tFT =

_On,

04 vs _LI a.strr.t.,. re

---7k1-A

'0

0

of

Sele't- of

to tw: elected in

cvstem of us.A.c

ConimiS_SIODetermination or State educationalk_a

Administration of eleme, -A .

£0--sss 4, vocationalCertification of teachers.Adoption of t4xtbcy-oks.!tfC1tUt.RLiOfl ol schools.

a.

ee VA e-s-w- es A.44- U ie,==

n in approvela colleges.

'1",-711

AV* -t.4 Education.policy.

ci seronuarvand rehab l

Formulation of contracts andioYernment, and loca

betweenagreements

ools.arlAn education.sa

ql

wilLs of L.he ,_ccution of contracts for investment of thFund. ,r)

c--anization of Stat

thesystem.

Department of Education.A

rmanen

Hearin_ ppis from State Commissioner of Education.Agencyatr 2

f5 itifjErWg

Composed ofeatio Education,

4_1 =WM- 1.-ei BoErd vi

the State CommissionerDepartment ofcontrol or La

guacaLlon:e

=AA si1.01. LJULIsystem

is

Education, the State .,,,"Lle

ora a g.1-f--A A

education t"-%

Licatiori

Hm jurisdiction over all -&--.-!ue.ati nalseata or Federal agencies witiin

tBoth IV.. Stat. Educationo. and the h;_.with utborni over

a e aPPtivities e-arrle--"6,5.05

Stat*.

dera3

fo.the A

for general

on by other

Commie_4oner of A-Le===-4-4e. V

STATE BOARDS OF EDUCATION 0

0

and the, State _2, of

ofof rules of Sta% Board

-

gem4

System of of Statep-

of the teach-rind neither

4110

g, Trtfor e.s.Aril whose be

by law, for thektirelht k

- general of education at

Principal for:

,of

keti

&kola

th V.and

State agencyt. the State level."

theBoard

beet* votedcertain th td4mt. .a:1.

.

o

84

Eau-

Ech4

a

7_L

84

.

,

A

Page 88: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

_ sole Stateeducational undertakings,chooJ buildin

AMA

,or

FEATURES

empowincIuIij

enterea

WA

5.

AO

8.

A

111

evaluate

_ #

p rov s :Cu

theNt_4 do

ft_U 4T-4a ,N

A

IA.4-*

6 41.LivA

_eeutive officer qn-.

_

-

AV-"-

the

N

s'N

enterMnhCK1L t

E te

A-. %w A, A r _

. -

into

_

board

aimcintmentBoard

pro"-'

executivema and executive

A t'r X-7. eaaucation.

Princ State a,.-t_ento ree m ent

.EIPT

Issuance ofAdministration o_L

;election (IIrfleprs

-*

t fleggagli

teachingne

g r =t-tV- Committee:Conunissione,1-year term&

Board opoinspaf,her-c,-1

Board

ee-ents tre

of Di OTIS

CornpoErei tEE/

-

o ara

_ Governor; contris

E

State

fof

agreements

Education)UIJII

programschool

auG

-

EeP onsuch

fa

of &duel-0-1

r-Yr4 V of thent T-

laws.a A-krikI Tt

forschool

the

tate Board

in State

- - -- _E_

ana ant4-01,

Si-Ae Colleges:

0

State

C4-)Infniss1onera rE

Y°7#-NA--A AAA.

a..d to

BoarVocational

recommendedthe State

of

7 thePard. or

Composed of nine members ap-msLiLuka-ons previously ea

Agricultural.he andof nine members

auu Mcchanicagents of the U

A

4111e-rPeby the governsuoventilr.r tne

its e-s We=V f=t.J -.I -a-.

t.1,41

appointed by the Governor. Governs the Statefour branches.

k nwt v.0704- e.t..;4_14-44 %A.-LC

the

governing board for

Governor.

State _ , -E

1. a. - .fia

E=

(

W--

=. :4. v.

Intend"'

= '6 6 --E-k../Orn7:.

forInstruction

1 tore 4vinV iiro-vid,-

eig

b-a

of seventheAu g,A5.7-5

1_E

et0_41,iut, No.

E7-0

ww. A=A

eb -t,---z-su byt_e . a7, reiU.-11 of 11-

se

A"

-hes.of nine mernirs

University itsle

the remaining State highernine mernmers

consistinga, g=tee.e.

k".-*

and suchx * 6 -'ap*-*. = Vla Iv.vta, v V Li' v =

regional 0-941a-_-; N... 00 1 a-NAr** a_ E

iudicial districts,and4

Dz. kJ U 1 I

j

Super-raL---Mt".i

Aby

e

4.

persons as the_Aine other men

- gWal v .ti0fft nv-LoI

a-aA a. A re, _1-c membeA for

athe general

111

V

POWERS 65

I th agency to respecting

Fulerat agriltimelitsas into by of the State Univargtya cell

haft Commission.. ofsA, 1. Statutory the a

of Education by the a2. h Tested withefficiency

ofB.

efofficer for the forEducation.

I head of all divisions the Department

for:

StateP ( .__

certificates.b,

,census.N

E.

l'a-Veiteik .

ca

,-----Soi, 2.st ea

11. Composed of 15 members

of Education by( .

.\k, ..

`-------"-

by thecolleges.

. ,, .,

Mechanicalappointed

IndB of

and

5. ofeducational o

.$vti

provision ni theof Public other

for&Ire T. selected eachqi

Z.2. Ifs constitutional with control and

r,public-ack.®

I1EM. with theE----'. bei .am

,

Utah Ile

by

Page 89: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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1111

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INM

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mtIT

IMM

ER

NIM

MIN

IIMIN

IIIIII

IIMIN

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IIIIII

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orlII

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AM

MU

IRIM

PR

IMIN

IME

MIM

ON

SE

EM

beiM

ME

NIO

NE

EN

nurnannsmommlnum

A

nr-i; AA .477-= EDUCATION

F

Determination

er__A

Statea agency

Y

=F

n-1 C4 ta.. A

=

=ft

President ofDean

A

A.--

Administration

LJLL

etLilfeT1

of teachers.ofSupervision

Aa.

ionalLb

'iiry vLA I T

k

Livrir_ F

_ ;N.

Principal

WI

our

division

educational

library

A

v

ar1-ment

and with

ULL

na

SCfl

a ra9 k 147

1-=

e State

nnara

HT

rintenuent.who

veist:rtion 01 the system

--reneraJ superintendency o

nAroyal of school building plans.

Stateof College

Univeof Education

pointed I the CN e-r_, _1 .

4A leacher

1.

enent Board:

C V=k A A-a

_sloe tIrTn: -k Cr:At V

..tuornev tlymeral _etaryovernor, and

aftsswa,ionvernincr

ALeg V V,

poinTa-1-;

AVA.!-Zv A_AJ Av..; I

the

:-.3Late, one member

irt

of e rLI. orW

-ystem.

&L 0

e,E

0

in-

r I ta wk.

_ .1dent,LAI al k.foilte.,

oilers ap

for`ove'r-nor.

apPoi

thc GovernorCollege.

appointed

board ceml-nced ,..aP vA

let ;er-'enI Li

flP

X

2. Is vested with the upervision and managemer- of ihe public edu-cational system, including.the State School of Agriculture."3. noinu4.

I -&-71

_,-mmis-qioner of Education.

A -Al& w=-1 =l

9

Wir dm uns tr a t, o nT1; '1 4_

ZL4-IDauou of

for:-A State Ara =

fi- V a- 4P- -=4 nniiev

elementary ahd secondaryschool funds.

schools.4

ROAMS OF

3. billy adopt rules to eliminac iii unnecessaryinstruction in z!ity branch or of the public-school

4.

of Stateof schools.

of State school funds with the State

Certificationschool

Administration of vocational education.of State junior colleles.of ,Schools for Deaf and Blind, and

Schools.

Superintendent1. provision for State of public

elected ,cipular nd shall be a member ofthe2. Is the of public in-

thesc3. State nt for:

Enforcement of 1 w.

Separate

1. Textbook Commission: of State

and five.

Conwos of State Strperintendenof bythe three mernwers by the

S. Separate Doards appointed by for theUniversity and the' State Agricultural

VermontState Bowel of Education

ap.by

the StatePrincipal State geney

ofState ,

..==,

1

86

a

a

Page 90: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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111

0111

1111

111k

1111

1,11

1141

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111

Myr

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4111

114.

1111

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IIIIII

VII1

VIII

I

Cert tl t I 0 n

A- ,m ()!I

ryt g- ftia..1.1. t_

Fgg g A 1" 7

=a;-..; t -;:a4

1 k_ fi_A k_

ivI I a.

Z:gy Education

k-11_,Ii

FEATURES AND

--a -ea- ah

of State *UV*k_ .1 e r-s

of vocAtional

rState Board cur,le

Is executive officer0

11= 11=== n a

= 47-rent. ji# t arci.-. = A

-A 4.1kt A

Separate waa

Board,_14.

Stan) k_a

State

1

Public

of

p-el_1_111

D011CleS.

fri ek t,education

Sta *Commissionerto ttie approval tIA

A

E

t '1. .0 I.s .4 S

-1 ;-)1-4k jo;.aLe

ifi outtcarrvICY_ k A Aft lar

&nation oA course ol

IL # AIj I # I_

i=N VI or4 Cie_ I

k

State University:President,

Retirement-st A-A

S -5 t== T- 5,1A A I 4 a tA e ft!

r own

Commissioner

=,-As

1. 0 ill

suessors,

ComposedA

=TL-1 4-4,4 L #_

ofand two members of thr Retirenwnt

ibrary1

4_a=1,.- A kJ 4 A--A A i 4.5 two

EduCation

mnission: Composedpersons appomwd

Constitution )r-ovision tor apointed D

by constitutional provision,_

s N4x_14_ V.., A 1 N.- A

t_ff Vs iss A

Lwvernor

whom

aW an'

a la fa_

t Eat4_3 A-A

overno.are self

others

ana

; Irnrisioner ofof

Pul

insurance,

Governor.

a I a=LA 44A

f composed ofr42 ,e-veu

of the SC

propriatemake rules

1001 svctem."_ - A

1 %, c s Yr.%I -7i 1 VII

t schooisr_NV

of the State."

with ,thoritvmanage and

'Id regulations foras tne

textbooks anu

ncinai ,Late

i 4_7 I 4_5 k

to divideneSt the

--neral supervision1_

- ---1

management andft e r ) v

;_ ;educational

agency !or:.t)etermInslikanAdministrationiistribution

of Stateof elementary

the StateDetermination of courseAdoption oft textbootth.

.z1

Tif' o-qs

tional policy.and secon

school funds.of study.

Certification heis andr determinationin te:IUen Aupe

prescri.fr.for

of

Supervision oi State, school libraryAdministration ofAdministration ot

service.State. teachers colleges.vocational equcation.

vise an

schwls.

elk

# AA ap-I L-%,

Establishment appropriateof local school divisions or

1. Con otuvor provisiona-A 5 ie

-

nLi.S, 1,571

mai

and to

county

distri ts.

for a State Superintendent of Public In-

41

POWERS

of

State1. a of

theof the State Board of

boardstudy;

73W

Trustees of of the andthe and 18 others, 9 of

and 9 elected bythe General

2. Teacher Boa-?-41 of Commissionr of Edu-cation, Bailçing

Associatio3., Edu-

by the

of[aim

4.

members ap.

2. Is with "theState

tothe of

the schools

3. .

of

,z

of of

-71t

Superintendent

87

.

400':

1

uNP

Page 91: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

lons

mnm

sim

mom

mns

omm

eollm

illiim

onin

alIN

Nom

mni

tirlo

ntim

Irill

rini

tmai

ritli

tn13

1111

1011

13in

iiirl

itilli

niiim

ithm

igim

aini

m

struction=.*

=

a't ova. AI'"A A

_

3t4. =

y

his SV-1

41.

t".

,F"A.

-=LAVEnot

0

theOfficer1 rt f-a

and

VAI E ta a tl

memberiefirr.;i

of thesecretary

agentthe

4 -a j_rl,pro1.

Separate '4

e

A ,AN fr4-4

a_

higoverning

a _

hEILL-4

/.4 y .4-, TA fr9-ttia iia

SuperintendentState a--A

1---0Vrrt u r

3.

a

Legislative

-t_-4=

M- fr

u

IFTe'aE -a OF ' t t

Governor4_ General

differentIn a manner

State

V-Nk

0 1-1 of1)11z,-.

by the12 t.1-0 ofteachers N.

N7t- 1 A-A

-

=A s 4

---! a it

# exceptLI 4 i

Board ComposedInstruction,

Commissioner,

rd.

hree

jTT am.hin9t-c

nrovii-ion _Tor

torsccint

nt to StateAinui0- otirtR

Principal Re

I --

State

A

(to _

--TEE N. _44as_

-al

= Governor't 4tit4 t

t_

also

t E E

t

I

Uv.'ka v- , ,-.14..tL1-4:1

for ta.

TreatiuAuditor

,

V-4 _a.4; =v*

"a_=-44_1(--146*

conventions of renresemtittves.

...districts,oVer the

higher Ins_me n ts.

fA111 a t State

and

.L eimsk ration

47.1-"

4 L ; :77 EJE

11-#1-4 1 t_t fr

4r4a A-a

Sr tthe - -cou ?It e

(Nincationa1 4 ea ak...

a. 4 vs__ ; I I 1 V rt AIAu tAllocation school building

t- 41=7-1 -vV1-A ILA

Certification

IS a I-

1 _a

'2

1r44, tfi ; =iA

k_'

V--4-e a- 4 5

thougha ;

I 9%t_z

I 1-VA

oilrscs of sty,

erAC4 N4-4 4 ,-

tnev mav

iA ustructiOn

1--71 1N'rt V-1

he executive departmentY

t

PublicAcc.unts,

"teA b

composedboards

-F districtadrnis=slon

-St 1_; u

for rl '" (7' ti#.4

44=

E

4-

LI a I V I M a).

; K.7

schooLs.secondaryfe

-V t as a- a.. 7.1 fir institutions1 A.

tw-._ under cz-e4 _..., #,_.rhkt -PI\ v errt-=%p, a # i _ #. . 1 ., 1 ,-, ,_., .___-= , ._-____--# .. ......, # : .....3t. .---7----7a-=' 1 ki---311- 11' a t_ 1 el U.

of

t_A

higher

f

educational 1

Superintendentular vo_e. and who Snail

01 State`E tr'-4 -= 6 it- a °with E

A a

0 e n eriL7

be

in

of

T "la Jail-

=E

require-

teachers.

*-; _ _

ka it_S

E _fr

c_

a menthe of

t'1"-aa-71 T'A; matterst"_ J _ a

puDut schools,"c anu the performanceduties prescribe

Distribution=

a a w-4_,

#__.unervision Of

Supenvsion or

To,

law. is

school funds.n

lool building plans.rc service.

f such @pacificpresident of the

the unless z.temblyforhas

; to be prescribed State Board.Is ex officio of the eachhigher (exceptcontrol StAte Board of and Executive

theState for:

Enforcing laws.'of 'school plaits.

SteArd

1. board Statethe teachers colleges.2. of State Comptroller,of Public of

d

board1. a State Board

members elected etdirec-of school

Has general commonof teacher-

of3.

ofof

of State funds.

teachers.of even

board.of

Coordinating the %;orktate Superintends"!

1. for of In-elected bythe

2. Is bypltrt.tining to

as rn y be by ex officioSta a, Board of Education.Prfficip Lasts agent

of state 4,Carrying the laws.

library

,/*No

of

2.

Page 92: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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1111

1110

11,1

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1,11

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1011

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Nom

eai

mili

nmor

irrfo

rrf

iii

Commissioner

V 7 tV-1- ' N--e k = rn Tr

,&-of

T _

,

1.e-3

5 t-k .

ts !

LB t_

A v POWERSsA. A N

.71 -44-5kkt

t t lentSuperintendent, Commissioner f

-

ThU- = _4_ =

board Jpoirit4Td L..

xt-t institution.TcI

_ A A

I Nr

Governor.ti

7-1 V--4-1 T.=&_=4._7-4&

Ii

I -g ;

-r uuc

State

V =E =1 U I "

4=-1 o- 10..4 1.=

ri I

14_

89

- of k_5

= fra == k t. 44s s f f

-,1-IveiCir Tor eac btAte highert:

Collegek seven, no

Makes ruiPs 1,1r CHITt

L-tjT"-A 4-71 ,A &-it-A& A I.

DeterminationEducational

'te 4-a;

e# I

f State

t

X_ X.--=

ti

#

s TOL-A

nineof 4 1-=

I L L

=

i A=1 a-=& x

policy.1 1-1 F4

5 74-4 1 of =MN-

t

of ==tt 55t-L.4a, 4

A

k k4

i.A7 kof4-2

!tilt certificationand

AN-% fs"%- EIs &

s: sf1 !k it Li 4

4

55 i-51 ,er

teachers.

4a. ys, e s

and

t t% degree-conferring institutions.Ti a I administration _

State---4 ; ----,luc_atIona

L-4

ri T=-)1 teAl

7 seven.

N X 7.A e V

A

y

r tIOW Vme-- schools.

University.control r A $ A 6

Administration of vocational.1& t _

4

T

of - t-- -n.rine,01 u.1 ousiness, and

;1

t"1,..W1 1

Acceptance

State SAiwinten==ent

exceptinstitutionsettler

the StateI - a = t nv

Constitutional1. yen) _ion

elected by -16p11 r

'Testa,2.free

A -4

=-se.4---4g1-sissec

4.---4s t,-'=X-

4 i

by cons- 7-etif

h FiLv.- =4-* =4

to

State

t_ Ili...Lt.-71i

E

1= 1 %,f V keVI

t

.7..---.-.71v-41-.--1-AT-A#0_k__ T,..= t_43s

-V V

iii C. 1k I 43

Federal

a

s, a v.-g 11

with4

AT Q0 VI rin 44-3

xxmple

And

choc 6 =v.__

items land 2.

'V.& a -r1 er

ii

witg F

:it ttA U z- I

nnte

fUniversity.

-ands

01

a member of

generiiz supervisioncountv

w=ht.ka 14

tiler

heyr. in 40

all Ttate

014.

t*-= ""5-..

_ k_rt-

executive

SO S4 is-t- t:77

1.1 y

all rs_ortritvTry A

XAr met.

4-&i-g r-. s

superin-

alma r.e=_--supervisiona s-as-= --a 4.4

Va_s 4

FEATURES

Separate goard1. State of the

of Lands, and the State Treasurer.2. Trustees Touchers

other personsby Board of

Association. A

S. A governing theEach Colleg ii! board has three

the the State

1 0

Stec Board of Education1. for a board Superin-

tendent instruction others the(Superintendent has no vote.)

the policies ofState education.

3. Principal State agency for:

secondary schools.of

al%

0-4 ationA

Approval of school plan&

of higher 1n7stitutions the State

in all pri-

Fund.finances, edu-

iqnd for

for a Freevote, nd who al ti-L6

department ofIs "general

of schools' as be1@w. h of

of

t,,I7fr)g1nia k en of a Rata State professional%mamba, from of Etcm &sy Boards,

*ft

4-

West Virginia

2.

64>

al

Page 93: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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ins:

M:II

IIIIII

IIIIII

IIIII1

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1111

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111

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1111

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r1 [

113'

s

Supervision

Mw

A

7,7

-

sa=

sAI I Ael- appointed=

A. 'aW V = Swwff

ts

_

tionai

E wv.E

ATA

#

structio

instruction"

elected

a-s ff ff .A AA

A

ff

ri

V

A

7-17

E A 1 E7

-hA W.

laws.

school I I -

Lg.-Lau

and1

7 7 7

A

74s

A L.ff.&

service.

t-e 7_1A

by

a_z

E

ar-.-ww iLes==

A_F

g. a_ a

"A=r

popular

5

-777yUg

4L byi cu

T

V.*

*

Education in_vs_save vv_

4A.

1--

University.

7

below.

.nteat

g

g

- .77g7 7 777s ff-

boards

elementary

ofY e-A se_A e.ve

Pc. *==,n1,;-,2, L&V,Vg

As.- wwwww* *ma=2 a V' Eg**E _--== w A Av., A A

t,overnor; tias

INS

A

4* .E.I .2_

-mrxu SS 1 on),

--11

rwe-4

otne

exbons.

zEa_,

io

Commissioninted

_

44i

STATE BOARDS OF

3. Is the officer of State Education.4. Principal State agent for:

Enforcing schoolCarrying out- the rules standards

ofof the Sta Board.

1. State of School Finance: Corrpos of the State Superintenjdent (chairman), State Tax Commissioner, and the State Director t

of the Budget (secretary) ; has financial control over elenrntarysecondary includinf control over, the budgeting -and

accounting of county boards of2. Board of Governors of the State University: Composed of seven

the itA includes thePotomac State School, a branch of the

3. &life Library Commission: Cowes of five members,by the Governor; renders advice and to school in-stitutional libraries.

State Board Educationhas no of the usual sense. It has,'a Board of for .:;olleges id te Voca-

Education Board. See Separate ar,State Superintendent

1. provision for State SuPerintendent of Public.

by vote.vested, by constitutional provision, with "the sur-2------4-t_sion of ii7-ridc

and is statute required to ins L-zt_ h "commonschools, graded schools, hiotschools" various vocational schools,county normal etc.;member on all of educational

Principal El Sate &gentDetermination of educational polky.Administration of and secondary schools.Distribution of State school funds.

course ofCertification ofSupervision of school buildings.Supervision of school 1ibra-3- service

Savage,' Row&

1. State loard Education: of 11lie State Superintendent, a'. member of the Industrial

(to and 9 membersb _te

2. Board of Regents Normal &hails (Teachers Colleges) ; Comthe State and 10 other inrstas appointed

coitroi all State Teachers Colleges.the

4

v,

Tv isconsin

a

a

/

8.

'-

by

AR.

Page 94: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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nis

MIN

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Commission:-11-11=0:417"Q T Tv k =_E 7 k, _

PpOifltar--aEA1....WE car a T. and

intendent and

aucatton..Legislative Enl---g

Mining

a-14=-74_2v

A of

POWERS

v Ltie Governo

= _*a 'a --a.=-=.-77-

e uovernore

for the Stf=

Snperin- k,entient,-

z--A

y -,

Investment Boara ComposedL OLlicflM

tJain 71

7=-*-==EEA.,

Lne

II

EZA

nts

f =Et=I

. =

a VE 7a= L a L. E

appointed by the c=i)

0 =E ,*t, gd .1 I LI t=

(JOfliflUS801

Board

A t ar-E EUTI- -

the

tion

of

I I

= =_-j!L L1.111;--L_11.....n.1 01s

State_ A-7y

=_

board=

A 11k_gT

=%, and

-1.

_

ft-"N 1-41 f---tk_z- 6,--

v _n

AnDroviti-.A_.=-ME Ilia I

Superintendent,Education.

aa.A aji a g

t

teachers.

of

elementaryfund.

g

ZA

a

the Pt

LeF

anulLV

E A

1.4 1 n r

-6-6 1 it_z 1.

.,=== _

7.= s s s

theA A

ci yvI NJ A *

.0, A tneOXeCiAik__

secondary schools.

A _4g--.-L

f

--=u-auo_n -4 ATI7 =7 F.il 5 E!

_

N-11 I If=a, "CT sE

g_

-21 t44-27= -44

1?-11TIff,r11

structiovested,

nT m--1v=a A

1 LA

a

Waft.

()I vocational -educationA-Ag,_Lit-i,

_

4- 4.=ka a--i A tr- I 74--g

=&AL-44 %AOn

for aV

g y popular a..7-

rtv constitutional provision, withschools," and

of the puilak_,

Appoints the StateU-CaVei uor.

-A

1#,1 eg

-_ AI __Ks andthe

Board of Education

administrationcationalthe inist' A tration -

PrbcpiI State4.7*

A

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coveiior

Sheridan;

a. of

fit #

gg

fore:

te

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of public in

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FEATURES ND 91

3. Separate governing boards, ppointedUniversity and the State School.

4. Jbry Composed Presi-dent of StaLe of Statetwo others by

5. State of the State Super-

WyomingSt8L 8ard

fo oof Public

Ate the2. a of general su-vrvision of shall

he. Stateirindpai gC.te Agency

of andschool

of coursetextbooks.

of school building plans.

of

Sugar1. State superintendent

thcharged by legislature with general

the of

S. the of the

4. &Alto Board *Aides o!. edu-and reCommends and

f

the carrying outState

Sopmee Boards*lard of

the ofand vozz):4-.02 Dointsi byover centers Agricultural College,

has otherhie Ifucitiort.)

Free

01

1.

B.

2.

a

Prescribes,

schools.

Powell.,

Page 95: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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_

Summary of Functions an-

s:ainistrative c-

tication anwithE e

=

V- ..-.Eliaff-& A 2

TLS

or oir

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a_ aa al

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rtar- formind that berthi =era _

#

and Administrative

mneous impression ofAve developed :n the States.

empower el El a 1 f.

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twom

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_ irom tow6

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THE level the moat tover public educatioli are: (1) S

COM

---ds of (2) the chief S;a!-A, ach Poi offi,f_zra. Itis not possible scope of this study te present a comple-cedi. functions aca4 utiesof Ste school aim, therefore, I. (1) to show inw principti educationaltive faseillomi pticsibilities are vested; alitt=: (4i) to indka

rektioReMyt betweei tie chief Sligte w_t4-0.1.1 o r 'antithe Education.

Pv8tOcclIt I who studies StaJJ;; sc:

in may #the se;,.4.L.A.1 prt;

exT,olls, tagt EmmyState if t -44., rc

-;fTvrfsion over public .,:_,114-01.6" or to "ri.ElacIribe the eruntstuot,?' in actual practice tke 5146 ,'_4-444_,,rtis way have lefatked

these furActions to be exercisei ky the c7Rief !We oactizg fo 'the Sttv==t-t k*ard of educLlon. h acita

cou;11-41i r!n, antliguOin.timea or emtein such beat ft (s ii-AcIA t

g;21/0:vit the Geyelit *r digree of ce-: fro)cLtilpy a -:9__,rt-;cu_7_,zr

:Tt

r11. uen

ant-

laws th keepgiv abo. caz,

-=a-

whkh

-3- 1_

_

eSF,

or-1,r

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SUMMARY AND DUMASOF93

!£ State officials, I

t-('-LAJLL-A a give;._ to ,J power '==z-

--t----= asmuch '-, 4i-LL _ '_ = -=-- - '- A other States;-r:cr tt: p-ec::::E:c e=r-:EL :uarv. telegal ' -

_p 'a!_tnor::%? exrcIE:e ev:s:3r SJC; tav}- i=I_cl f',J%J i:iPzr i t-r- States to result in +i=A-W 44 =-A 31L

;i iE ;:i:: :Ixv&;tir a :i exer;::e v:ert-authori2 UIt±T E O1 t1R EDerV!;IUiI1 U1(1 Ci1]1tIT!Iof hc&E:Ii view of this S1tUETU.T :s a1wy ;:torai:t 11 sirc cfd1EtbtIO c tFi=e ai:ra:Ve vei edu3t:cn crec-k:W1=!i present practices and -o-iis vhicI; ve gros-ii i; in thevarious E;tate3

G.n.raI Admlnlstrath. Stat. FunctionsFr:;rr: the foundrt!c:z:s of in t= TJnited :taze ow:for Iflh1 schools Wit+Pii piT, thE! basic aniEflTJ of elM!I1 Sthte (!:CP flfl yteYY :iif woverrJnent lOrall practical mrtxwez= each :;tae= t establish an administersuch az: Eii1 :ztezii 1s It tiiy diri kducr:cifl i a sub-ject flGt : t: iei Constituticn, and bçit was reserved Sift Both 1ega theory and =rii-ciee 1Crthe most part have followed this inference.

is a prerogatjve of the State It k ui ;tfril!-tith ofsovereignty which, under the constittiton of the American States,res :1 the petr'Ie State constitutions anc statutes provide f':rL!1 establishment and maintenance ci public sch'IsI PuMic education hi fl Tjj t8t85 tflShO: iid idministered Ly Iai authority. lii the United States, a State legis-1gt;ure- iipreeentative of the soveign will of the s !;roadc:atx over edacation hi all r:th, bei limited only Iy thoseiist;tutiai pt1iion that fly ext to cirb E:=uch control. Int!i&: E!xerc1 of T::1R =rertt1ve it is CJStMflBJ ior t!ie tFUelegislature to ;'eM- the geiw=ra control, ai1 :Ew-=erv1:cjii U)i 1choo13- iii 1Iate agencies and officials. Thr3 flh1== ! s ,4 specific -: t£U uIL ji1 supervision %JLschools HI11(J 1J1ffF 4ti uiV1:Li I1-- -!:FT1 -w Ti E!=jw

__- =c:e.tu 01 thE itat-= =LTdse f theJ

Although th gaI tcry tii kii aS ttitA IU!Itt1U)11 Wftiaccepted 174V1J1 TJW QP? !tfltQ1WxK1 It YiF rS;13ILFirV br icostcj:: the States the nfr-eteeir1i century to wovide for

.4 ,

- . -.

- - - == ---- -

p

-E-

-

FUNCTIONS

State in inare"general

aa egerchpunder laws which

itcontrol to

.r

StatehoOdprovisions

fun-daeiiiI free

mentioned inferenceby lc

Education

0. i

j

_74:

nhtistration,atAt.

law are

, -1.;4-..glotkl accordance

Noaj

Or-4, 9

.- :_. ; . ,. i-T .,..".1. . --' . - - . .. . .

. . 11I ......9 ...e., ,-4' .. ..._ --a, = .;- e- .-- T.... r .i .. 1 v.. :

- --'''' fT-_-, '. , .-:4/...1-- a .-,4 tt , --.., 1...- 0. a. ....1; =.,-.,p ,_..... " .--.._,I,.......

Stateusually tWeyarnlit flmola

/

as

,

were

people,

and

are asfor the

of itsa

ofthroughout

Page 97: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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STATE 344fl o1 E:D-cAT:o]

the administration f schools rc!ra1': j school kard andThat is : say, a1thwh State ad

ministrators :is State of tpboards of edjcatiir vere provided for v aw arv : teyears f stte'c :ey i: ot s a rule exer iiv considerabledegree 01 administrative control over the common schoo1 of theirrespective States. For the duties af Stin rintendenthin the formative years rqic ry)jy=idl:ç ji. 4T1flh1iI41flk interestin edatk'n a"ting a guardiin of S:at school fd id makingtheir apportionment as prcviied by 1aw anti preparing annualreports mainly of a tathtica nature.

State administrative and utrv:orv control f public edatctii gene=" vec:d ii St boa or t- Stcwsuperintendent of or -both. In all States :e Sai

#A ' ±

actingI ri C- the r---1 t- ?-i g:i ! either_;i__, chief L! .

' ; f r the power r t-rA upon him ,1: A--% I. L4_j UI LFi. t.j Lt4 4Ij Ct LY LJ '1

t:.c-ity gv:; to h:r:i v the State ir1 of ):!:event the : y superintendent1-i'J VV- C Lji y jA -U

= - == --= ' . -- # =- --= E_r._ loy the nature -= and -ct-oiI are trt-i uz!

tory anti Ytir ty preprat at:orit:es in the r1±TVe t&s.

IJ=e?ermIia?1cFi CT riice:'E

1'- ' . , rAempowered,

i -' of :i 1 t' west ofLJ41- Jt-1UO iiJ'=ii £Llt_ J1 L4Lby law to :c=rna:e te tate educational ixfcies. This exerciseof the poiicv.makng power Iv te boi is in cOO!1EJ=tV SV

accented educatiorai prce. See ta1e 16. Of COUi-: DO=CYIIlakhIgT functions are seldom found distinctly separate frc theduties of the chief State school officer. Oiow n the 8 Statthat have no gnera} State board of education the chief State schoolofficer is the iinc-i officer for both determination and adrninjs-tr;tion iDf State ethicaiwial policy.

in mest St- tie formulation of educational policy is a cofunction, with the State superintendent reporting CJT1

school TIPP(15 RflUi COflQitIOflS and making riorrnnendations as toQUG'T]J policies for te corisid:rid4or and arpropriatt acth:r!=

by tre= Elta:e board ci education. In E!zctici1 ETu] t!e :xec!t1V= IUflCtULE- are :aW IES5 VSEL].:Lu _ - # -: = ê A_ 4-j, For -__- - i = ,== law provides thatiLLLth 1t-

- = T=

;:talL ----p- - I.. =- - - _ - #_ ! E == - --- a-

-= -==-;_ _: '-- - w= - =- --- - - -= - =3

deiega1:E tC 1t -eCJt1%e c!llfer the "execution of all u1e

cided jjflflfl ; ITffl h&'; cij:eclares the -tate ;oaiz1 c;-! Educ&ic'ii

.

I

3=m1

2

localsuperinien4iits. :r&ducatiohai

sueh superinlendents education Andformative

example,

the of education,schools, in

byby

education. art!'board

ofinterpretation

Educational

in

.

operative

few the poHcymmithib

tC

-

States

policies

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es.

The

Sta

te B

oard

ot &

loca

tion

snap

app

rove

entr

ance

requ

irem

este

ofat

m.

kirb

eir

inst

itutio

ns,

gnaw

pre

salb

eeo

ureq

e to

r de

part

men

tsat

edac

atio

uin

all

mai

d ho

titer

tiaea

,as

sdm

ay p

reve

nt d

uplic

atio

nof

cour

ses.

'171

se S

tate

Boa

rdof

Sal

o&rt

zseu

see

bea

tuan

cial

cont

rol o

fS

tate

tuna

sfa

ra

deln

enta

rwr

and

aee0

Oda

nt e

cboo

ks.

Tis

e S

tate

*Sup

erin

tend

ent

..

.vr

tta th

eS

late

Boa

rdat

Mac

adam

shal

l"'a

scrib

e po

licie

s of

educ

atio

nal

adm

inis

trat

ion.

"T

he s

tate

Boa

rdap

poin

ts C

am.

mde

sion

er a

tac

tuat

ion

as it

a ex

ecut

ive

offic

er.

Page 101: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

o-o tf:- BOARDS Aty; r_i

to be the -' _ _#1 i%

r_,-i Vt_4 _L _-_- body, ---'. ---- i-4I_ -- - -:F executive :Je decided 1tcr

--k-- ..t I Y T

' .i Colorado tI.t1949 1rL' r1Ut4 ICtt[ examples legal prViiur; for V,Tuitpolicy-making functions i1 t:- St- and fur

State !1-t :r:::: -rArn(:)Ig tfle In \V!ict chiet ttte sc;I t1'icer i

vith p(i)licy making it \yell \V1t1 ifl:]1r: respect,:

% iic :== Sthat e1 flk : 4: _ t common i='-! .\ := \ :: ;'' I ;: :I ' -j

Additionally. _lere -'LJ(1h:vL(! p

jJt tsv \vr1(:r-egeneral of d1C-ti()1i LTL k4 1t1 ITtniOli!it control v&r :st4n ct the :tat4i (OIi1)ir;k(j administrative a!1 tiTctIo!i 1rt 11K(1Yexercised !iy :'-.- ? T :L those whose i

g-r'Ant t:t11C&t1t)!1 1Uir1Ct1iT; t4) U1I'1I çij:;i1 jJ!(1vide 1()r t:S (!èi:''1:(-)!t t)! tt teOt)I&.

A St!: vh(-se chief State }tü1 officer I!I1;i i iS !v 'X Tt) mrti't-r.. 'ri-ii___y? -T-1 f ; the State \Ui tends'__a --i I ' ¶ J ( A ' I t. .

' ' ( I L to .

officer administrative and functions.f-!:=',1ch ::- At: :i. C:izi.11_A=i, 3fLsuI;='Jn, C (Jr(1;rUn=, Pennsylvania, iiidrttih S(kV table 1t;.

1Pc'ie:I11w kl=nQ )trioiwh authoritiesdp agree I;cvm:ri; and 'tirho:;.: t r:T: :v :rer

e-culty of the 'unctions under t}e existin 1avs of hemany States.- c'T innmirMy crooI

aT: many SE1atE It iF;: anffiiit proIIern tn 1ermIw }i&tt t&te

agency or fir iS principally for the gner-airr:nstratjve :And uuerviry control over e1emeiry and sOiidary -ct-ihL Man vriab1e eEter into the picture. G:ne mustcniisidr flut tn: general giiiatie ProvIsiOns [JUt =ISO State boardpoIic1_4 regu1atons, and prkcue tjJ'jfl 4 ,j- ?ir

the State board of education may Se incplly responsibleITh State Bc&'i c Admnt=ntk ?ot w r=tfly vtd wltb rrvio ithe rhjfr.

v ki:: z fuels -C-:

t

of policiesand Fexas in

ofboards making thechief school an administrative

States the vesrteifunctions as administrative

control with to schools the StatesState board

111i?wis,So-uth

aState 'boards but exercise

the coinironch()olpolicy-making to be

chief Statesstitutions prt

constitutional status,elected bi the and law

that both policy-makingStates Alabama, Indiana,

tiiucatitonaladministrative in education

officials, they recogniz diffi-separating

. anTh

responsible

given in-gtance,

I Dakotacommon schools. but It appears to inoperative goo, eivrive- -a 1 Staettecert. Min

Secondary

ad-

and be far asis

Page 102: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

I

SUMMARY - --'-OF - ' w_ '-: DUTIES

i()ra Li7l1lC-t1t:)ri t:)f tkJibr ii f 1t

cr:tT:= State : it- t V

:'; 'for prescribing c9urse : :and :;-ct;; Moreover, m:y

= =-= legally r : S::- board,they i: riiifor the board by ' C}1ttT tJ?1

I:: -where:principal : Ivr e--ry i'

secondary -.-. : :' t:;:4t-ti one needs :41 ii!Tjcontrol. V(T \rflT1t1 'y' 1

:_f table 16 tri in a teiict:'iiT=it4 tl)I columns 2 17, inclusive. From c-c1uritn 4 and (E

appears that , __:a

:, ;

4---$ -- -- =-; the-

t t t ..i_4

agency for t}:t ion 11 1n(i C:':t1. - =- --- : :

¶_ - Y- - ' T- vLk

States :b- j-r performs this

LJ1ItrILJtIc1r eT IdL JLIIL?Lfl

Atthc=r:t:y tr the j1iiitjtn tt tito firi1c 'f:-)r puiiiic

elementary jfl(i cin1 schools i :St=at4 board of'i_' A the

_i in :_ .-,. . other +

-:-& L2 k J I A I ! t .k . t Ii t - In. chief school officer pay be ta e tb:1

for this IUflC()Ui (taCe Ib.. (iful.1ifl(i 1

or e'!rt ut r;tift1t\ school

z'

reh1tAd t =ni1 i rnaic!r tart of the tiithOrit:; tD administere1tiLkrit-r: secondary SfltJJ

h: cer't;':: th subject a distinction hotd Ii madebetween authority regulate the of fundstre to cflsrrituticn gchcH:and r'rr aut iir r:±*r 'ec:c L:v, t d:::school ::r:i accorti:r:r t law. T: itr function r i:y i aSe:1 Y law i'r =?id by S-

-

sChCxDl officer in practically t1l cf the TZttes. To iIiwrate1iS p-:nt a xnpr I 1tE! flTfli ZrL=

of authority and thi1y between the Shite 'oaici of ethic;tion and::tT chief state ri d9e M r re.

In Aii: ::i:; ::w iea1 i:v of : Sazi :jj c:not OTIJY t- tfl(1ird17P flh1b1li- SChO4T}IS 1t2t 1IS(i 10 flh1äiIi? sctlirac

facilities throughout LftT L)U&.t u1:4'-i -ib practicable ;" tfle ivai: i-ir:i r nria- i:-rz:-: -j I flti i'!A_r iiiflta:=-i Ji P L it

the Sati2 =iii1funds acc3r1in O Ui'V 3 -jjOfl 01 LI SUie &arc1.

irie Georçiia iaw riiirt that eacttiona1.

I

I'

LI

adoption textbooks, whileofficer in the same may

the oi schoolfunds, the schools. although func-

vt.e(-: areexereistA school Rificer.

determiningis many of

and 5to

by principalelementary secondary

about the in thechill State school function.

Fundsregulate

vested in thetheState said principal authority

6ne authority tz manage regulate

and secondary funds or "to equalize education" is

andwith

the the

board rdles,-.,Ao th; chief*State

few the allocation

, it le Education

governing the apportion-fund. duty .of

Sup-a7intinden to make apportionment of schooland

op'po-tunities .

re-

a

Page 103: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1121

1M11

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1101

1111

1111

1111

1111

111n

ouoi

mm

illam

itglin

omm

ams

a

equalized State g j4L4 a.

v

-

oupz accordanceshall determine che

nsiderationGeorQia

yr a

_ A 2 averQ__let' State school

school boards 1.- submittiwhen authorizedbudge*

the * 7E s,E

a

of Lea,hers_

theand

2=6

_ EAvaa * L . a vva

Lher= p 9 e,forms for use ka V aI

V-1 TynLLVCr=..7A-Av_

-A- rtL-AL-.7 I 0

gima offers an exceptiona an

SE-

is -a aa;a toE--4

ie.. v.pAu A6V,

I

==1

A general

vaaa A a AA

v=_

pradice. inTR P ea-- ma'_

and

. v..711 Az_.

aState

2-2 vaaA A le

Av. vv.V AL 2_L-1172-;

few

Texas

_

year ago."-=

val of 1cK-2 uthret oudgeting agencies.

A Ovidmanagement

n ial LI vp2An

0._

educationalthese ncati WV. et.

an 41-t--4 piA

-istributioninula

The State

LU

program.Commissioner

A

rE

nave responsibility;'2

tcounty

M:rth- arohna.f-atifars the

Stateprovide ,Ifff

x rCommi8sion

F.

-Fuestion sh

the Mitt:On-It*,a T-t-a-61. A -66i

present to the BA

A-2V V

VaaAurn Foundationthe other

hall

-=--

Cw. iiU

*4. 4.EREEEv a

tai -v=-1

Adopt operaing budgets on the buts a

-41Lt repo(4)

(7)ft

a- 7rssl_LA

Centralbiennial

urci foron expenditarw within

reports "Am., a,va

&Hong;

E

6,= A

1-1 rr;

ve7e ea A V v

WV Alai T1atirr of schools;

Education,

_

the

contracts for thelimits vv-within u!e=

a

= Awithin -= limits

fora

I g.=

Z-L-7 E I Lp

bthe Permanmt

tt STATE BOARDS OF EDUCATION

.6

ioy the Board ofState school funds used principally ',or this purpose.. The StateBoard is directed to local rite of.

into flye 'n with the densi--4 of population; andnumber ix) be employed, taking into

attendanceofficer prepares local

their budgets and mayby the Education.

Westattempt the

policy and the superviskin of public elemefitaryschools from the financial and budgetary control of such

schools. The Legislature 11Jis established State Board of SchoolFinance vested with financial. control over elementary and second-E schools, including control over the budgeting and accounting otcounty of education, and required that school

toy the '.itate of School Finance. Asomewhat similar system was tried in and ban-,don In few ia-Ir

schoolor general

of r tI gisMon governing theand of State school funds. In 1949 the

of TexasBoard review the

needs of the State nd dopt or promote plans for meetinghall evaluate being achieved In the

It shall, with Stewof Education:

(1) Formulate and of Control the pr.* budgetor budgets for operating Program ofthe Education anti programs for which i Ian

Legislature;(3) Establish p control, expending,

iuth adopted;1 th activities --.4411-rif--of the Agency to

(5) Establish for the

.14:on

(6) Execute purchase Of bleutextbooks, authority granted by the,n

fie

Legislature;

'of granta the Legislature.

41.

1

be

that

a

ary

a

edu-

by

budgetary

and.

instnictional aids,

andExecute tbe School

Page 104: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

1111

111E

11E

1110

1

1111

1011

5111

1111

1115

110M

MIS

EM

EN

NIM

MU

MB

Eim

omm

onom

mun

omm

umm

al

The au

AEE I= 44=- 1.v.

e

with

6

rrnine threside I 1 L1N . the

ft. -4 LI

A

I-I

AND :Dlgir E

....a =

cour_-#=N. if)

.1__9

study tor ;-1-cate schoolState school

ture sees to enactlegis-

are

=

1.-FT1 g g g_e-

,g4

gaa

ti

`14 el I

offer

A

Ag A-.4=r2%.ALle =g

1..

1

minimum

State.

prepareg =

t

IS.

chief

seof

lawin

1

" 1= TA 0 0;v=_a

shall1_ IE E

LV-

1-

g

a =. a,_. I g -. ' --''T'it-1'4_4 .,- _

a5

course at asti scopearkuirelasses and grs-

minimum requirements

prepared,study

study

is

"==1-

=

uperintendent

g

I Iask A- a.

ci submit to theeiem

ta. e. eat.

L-U

Legal_ provisionst%PL.. %-

,1

ci instruction

therefrom.

Le nu

teachers colleges.

°C:h0017° and Lae

orIn Marlcause,

ci,ucation.cm: n

ta-

1 . g A&no nonp ,-.--Ta_ _N A_ _

either b,,.__ the ,_..) ___.---

exercl

ntig = Brtadvar A

In

A

a aa. _a a4_

a.

e4-

=.

ftA4=7;

1 la I,

leducation or

adopt

State :a 4

i

A

_

4 a `

4.,

commission.established

5

textbooks

f /60 a- -4

the courses

a, ut,..!Ms

this functiona_raw

= _a

=

r - -

rdstikesa

ga.a aaffa:A__rs

-Mft

the a -ag E _E--

OF FUNCTIONS

rettins-,, f 6-

B530

1.14

t ofsystem may othte with the chiefofficer, or nd i ay ined in part by thelature itself, m is the case when a fit a lawwhich either require,1 or prohibits the teaching of specific subjects

=he schools ofThe authority to ,determine or regulate the course study

public eReineent ry and secondary schools is vested by is Stateboards of educv: in 31 States (table 16, I anti S).laws in most States have miCe it the duty ,:tate schoolofficers to or courses of study for the approvalof the State board For example, in Fqws the S,t,srSuperintendent prepares, organizes, and recommends to thekoard of for its approval, such minimumrules u he may find necessary relating to course ofinstructional nd he execute such standards and lel

adopted by the Board. Similarly, in Kentucky the Statefor adoption by the State Board Edu-cation .niy to be

I the of thefor graduation

is directed to, prepare, to be-of courses of

for and secondaryof

aA P:=4

half the ottextbooks. In Stt

boards of byy_ usually' referred as textbook commission. efereae

to WO 16,r

yrir= ite see thated are authorized of

and that b a few other Stan opt4on ishands of the Slate textbook

f havecooperative ii r r ei between Stale btrri ad etState k onuCulo For mange, Cai`fatmL,

xsi _._es doand th, of Education. is required -2

fr&

on andState

the of Study

; be

in

State

as

of Textbooks

aa

and it Stateof ito inStatzs, textbook

A close orof

in theto textbooks

Board to

Page 105: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

0111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1111

1121

1211

1111

1111

1111

1glig

lIT

IMM

INE

11M

V.;

E-= in a

E.ASTATE

Nevada

E'

reeornnuanra & -1.14

to

#

iti

eure rias

educatoradopted fn f n P, , f A-, a A =-:,

A i

\

_,sted in ne .,, _-_ ,-., , a.

adopion of book&

in

Study

A- Avt tu(vLra.-- .ae

forCommIssion.

E

Governor.determine

study

a Lexwookexamine textboo

re_e

boards.

the

3

certification

_remaining

,_a

tions.joint

or approval

1

vernin

s

U

chief

and certancata,,L-LI dent

Leachers' ficof Education,° P

classes 2=2

"t-E certificates-F -

the State Bore13He y= A A A

Superintendent

=f"

anu

If-13

a-- a--

..r

..1".= 2 g2,a,W 4

=Th*FNA0

andtiVii

to

Eli P10 A- A

makef

recommendg

t-r-`0 Vi%.; LOL

thority to matie the aci"c-=

T

1Ea A

tez in accordance withis empowered

requirand

issulngottiMS.

E05.-E

=

New

p

VE:-T EE States

certification

2

-3

_

officerad of Caileavioll

"Li

A

of

ef State

uLD

ersInstruction

alesin Alabama.

rules of

-

certYork

:ssu2--fithe "Va Er-s Board

prescribe the types and_ury nd

Aboth.

T _

A

E

it

6

-;.4

= .

=

t

I I;

BOARDS EDUCATION

Mona public hearin before making any adoption of textbooks forschools. In the State Textbook Com

is composed of embers of the State of Educationand additional members appointed by the Utahhas established State Committee to whatchanges, Sf any, shall ite made in the course of

to Theprovided of

to thoseState Board ; has

the legal

fortificationLe6 authority over tlie rs has been

boards of education in practically all the States that haveState the States this function is vested prin-cipa y in the chief State sch.. officer. in -f!=hich theauthority to regulate the standards vc1 theState boards, the actual 'issuance of cerca is usually handledUy chief State school ()Tice actin for the State boardeducation.

I 'both the board and theschool officer. often exercise or cooperative ._.sunc-It is customary for the State school prepareand recommend of the State

the training of asFltriii th State of

which t*I

is c t : rL.riT -with the duty of prescribing rules andthe of teachers' y the

The Attire makesthe duty of the State Commoner of Education to prescribe, sub-

to) of the State Board of Regents, regulations

h BuildingWord of the have legal requirements for State supervision

I.

control over the of school build! Th laws

A

aand

be

of Teachen

to

ject

!SA

Plans

States

Page 106: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

1111

1111

1*11

11*1

1111

1111

.111

1101

1111

1111

11.1

1M11

-101

1.11

1111

111.

0.11

1

T

visions of Staings in general.

the construction cL_/

V t.ta.

States,4- 4-

a

e required TA.:F aja., A _A_ t-

-overn the construction

te boar!.

103

but in someio certain pro-

supervlso..,plans a

can%.A

school

- .4 A

_

over-;ons

n in approximatel.unctions are

departing frounder .c.e

vestedeither

aTa-ag fa-g. _ag a-- A

V" W,A,a_.

States4

, k

trend1

1V .e-sWU

2at

W vested

4

A 4

Government tn

E--"a

Q." =- A A

WI

al te Dua1rt4a 'a

4 4_4 4 c

a-,

In

.4

t_Lf4- a

aV a .

for36

VI-gag- 4 A a

4

rationalcation.

I4f0.a 3 Aa-g- to

-a foreducation.

educational

have

_I _

wag-a a g

A_ a

ra7._ri*=.i V 1 controlvested 0 9 general1 La.

a a1. OF st 4

this ==O IL4m,,i

=

colleges.In cap u-L v.I

--e re under 2 .1---- -7 =

n -I

a ---aa .' 43 a 'ff' _--_-IN. - f a ,.

a

4 aa a -g

g

=- f

Aa aboards

_

== a=

A _a

a a ff

4._

A0 a a-= .-

SUMMARY OR AND DUTIES4

are many ewes a part of the public-school clIt'eStates school building plans

laws that of public build-

Varying of administrative or controlschool buildings, their

are in of?$3 n n about 20 other States suchin the chief State school officer.practice, p1a6s he construction of buildingssupervision o! the State Planning Commission which is .=.f_41 separate

,/, .------

!Pt is probable that in the few States that lack specific / &;le provisions the. State board of education o the chief Stat, f-,,

-3school offiCer, by reason of ffeneralitsrms of the law, exercises t--1.pervisory or regulatory functions in respect -to school builfiingplans and construction.

//#

AIRv- = et=- Accalti

,----

The toward the .aUdition of separate State boar&The of education in

is by law t: duty the2UiiiS1flg the of the .

era! Vocational Education and Rehabilitation Acts. the i cl.LIPJ- in-ing 12 States special zd for this pu7--potie avei,n(table 16, cols. 2t d 21). In 8 of' these 12 States

the are o State *sari* for general Hence, in ally 4States having State Tnern_l education are ±-t,-.43

az-ate kter for Tocatioi*a

Higher Education

Seat contrli, slier Mghe 411.grezo of tive and over

institutions StateFor a brief summary of is in-

table 3. coluni 22, 2,E, L-46, and

1. of theSta teachers

the State board f eduis vested with some cupervision ov

-2--tmera1 ffta buri xamee-Uo

control ofr States the ca.dhere colie some

overlap or are

in

degrees

tional

Itr4

institutions...Varyingedu-

all

States

Page 107: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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umm

onm

,.Im

Prr

9111

011v

IIIH

INIII

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Iluti

it! tt

,trf

fill!

III

ill

1111

1111

1111

111!

IlkIll

11

I 111

1lu

ngrr

l mm

imm

plim

r,or

frrii

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did0

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A

tTits-

A _

A

vest, t

1 ..- - A la 70 A

=-_

7a_ ;_ =4

A =rer -5 7.=

= interestingA X.=

higher

5 Fe!

e7.

-=7, ;

a -5

Jaime

5 Effi-

aa tata =

-.

institutions.

=

w

ittr----a az--_----'--_

a _a-1 77--

-=

I - - -

-a;

r_-

=nts o

7--

3 ===r

_

=

a

A -_--- _

=- --a - a_

-74 -14In

$WE. ;

- -5=5-

N mff

=

I-

4 a_

aL=-7

, == =

_

_..T.t=

=-=_ governing

ff. 0-'==- .-=---= T-7-AX ._=:.-_--= -.:- _.-_ T7--_ _.--_ __ 2-L-- for _=_L

A --=-- -m-- - a-_'_. _.=_ --=_=- ==--_4

- _- =__- -. - _ _=_.- _ -11 ..__, _______ ....__. ____ ___..4-41-ie

-._ =.- __-_... = . __________.. _

#

=

*".

ETAT% LTC-4710N

Irl

wit] Bey-ArLt tiLCoi iit.rol

rulw gove Irirtwwith

areo(771yr

Uteat with crenere rui th- _ ortnIL of Ecil cation.r%_---ickent the administration f th itate.

institutions by 6-A State 24

AVO

f State of Ed kTe-o ai of p& control

State tional p64m-wt. 82--te SA]:

tc, which c= mernkn *if th

in X421,of Jw;

eZa--1

f et

Edth L.' Actd

Ate' of Fd cailii pplatko iI_ coursesURP,Iner ainin In the tate of Waski7-74

-L

s._

Board of pprove entrance rwairern-Meter mlucati al institutions and nu.-y pr;..izerfa courses for 'VT@

colleges of __Mon and for Oa sr:I841,1t* universities ::irli colleges.

LS States public teachers clew are dseparate State board, generally referred to- as a State te.T,Ate

Boards of this 12'--ti are .--.1,-i---:blialleo! p:mi,rity fotion of t-_-;t:her-traini intlbaY u. (tal;le it 0.1.

a

bdiAn States the

_ ésis of ail pu4lfwepOdon in a fa-

few tat__!tuUtrias vested

24 ce the indicatesare16 4VkWAWA-a (table L

A r-

.2 0

ijUtTiOfl k'-ner

I--

r'-Z f4rr7-7.44

d ion& iDatiH iamraz,States of the State university.

n functions ta

)

144 education (WeemAi ,..7ztran

The law of app er--- ,;,tbrC 04L-11

OF

functions veste-d, in For examnle..Florida the State Board is with management

, _

Of the higher educational institutions and to make,

them, proviaing that.. a

of

of rontroi tnecky offer- an

by State. boardsEach e) ,ge

h&-i a governing board, but

Educati9n, worx ox theSthte

inBtitutions.

of State

Statein the

the controla

college board.

26).

n

2. WI- echwationa2 IF8t1WtiOILL &PProxi-a State board of A

TYY1VT VI I

tha ofhave al_

in the Stath boardthat mmt, State

under boards.StateE. ,L1

Page 108: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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1111=1=11

S.-

A.A

=m

a

with

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rant

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ot

_

nat_

.3 3 a_

aaA

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ofte

n

iff j er

cn a

need

it,nn

s

_

Stat

es

orga

niza

tion,

=-t

-g =

==

A

v

-

-=4-

_-e

on

form

s

are

uu-

-

77_-

=

A

=

Par

t

VII

z O

bser

vatio

ns

and

Con

clus

ions

.

TH

E

CO

NdE

PTS

rega

rdin

g

Stat

e

boar

d

of

educ

atio

n

chie

f

Stat

e

scho

ol

offi

cers

pres

ente

d

in

this

bulle

tin

are in

thos

e

expr

ftis

ed

by

Stat

e

scho

ol

surv

ey

com

mis

sion

s

and

by

reco

gniz

ed

on

scho

ol

u s :41%

Um

.

and

are

not

only

tent

ativ

e,

but

to

mod

ifie

d

acco

rdin

g

to

need

s

and

in

Stat

es.

The

stud

y

does

sugg

est

ther

e.sh

ould

be

unif

orm

ity

amon

g

the

br

in

thei

r

prov

isio

ns

effe

ctin

g

lega

l

stru

ctur

e,

and

func

tions

of

thei

r

educ

atio

nal

agen

cies

.

Rat

her

rega

rds

the

as

labo

rato

ries

of

publ

ic

scho

ol

in

whi

ch

a

vari

ety

of

legi

slat

ive

and

adm

inis

trat

ive

Sta

te

Boa

r*

of

Edu

catio

n

Why

a Stat

e

boar

ditB

oth

expe

rien

ce

and

mas

t

wid

ely

acce

pted

prin

cipl

es

of

soun

d

adin

inis

trat

ive

proc

edur

e

favo

r

a

gove

rnilw

bow

ed

to

dOer

min

e

polic

ies

and

niaj

or

adm

inis

trat

ive

actio

ns.

Publ

ic

educ

atio

n

a maj

or

ente

rpri

se

and

like

any

mai

or

busi

ness

stan

ds

to

bene

fit

by

an

over

-ail

gove

rnin

g.

body

.

A

Stat

e

boap

i

af

w7u

catio

n

resp

onsi

ble

for

adop

ting

gehe

ril

'and

maj

or

polic

ies

K

wnf

ority

with

educ

alio

nal

law

s

shou

ld

be

of

grea

t

valu

e

in

the

adm

inis

trat

ion

of

a Stat

e

scho

ol

syst

em.

It

shou

ld

be

a

high

ly

usef

ul

agen

cy

iin

sepa

ratin

g

legi

slat

ive

and

polic

y-w

akin

g

func

idon

s

from

min

idui

al

and

exec

utiv

e

clai

m.

Mor

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,

if

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supe

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ende

nt

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chie

f

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e

schw

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offi

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h&s:

the

coun

sel

of

a Sia.

te

---3

ard

of

educ

atio

n

the

mir

nage

men

t

of

the

St4t

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aloo

l

is

mor

e

likel

y

to

be

flex

ible

,

adap

tabl

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vAlll

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,

and

mor

e

near

ly

-rep

rivi

enta

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of

the

inte

rest

g

of

the

peop

le

than

if

the

supe

rint

ende

nt

alon

e

dete

rmin

es

105

Page 109: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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1:.

K; STATE BOARDS OF UCATION: a S;tate 1oard of education if it ir comioeed of?I rms expire tit iltThrent times, i: a

j trv!:t ET: chawe oIcies there i m;board of w ;-ce= the chief State school officeriLj iCA- &, 'it: ivt-it:tt;u UL LL%)LPJ1I1-UtU L11Y IJv LLw;L efltirtiy

by T tar=of - - -= -. - : = =: _== _-_-_ : __ ; -_ _- g

_;- - it - -- ff: w-I- = --- - - =- ---

.-'-- _t ------== - - -.: - - ---

eEz OF ct be

amid _____=----- z, general e:k . , S-:--

-rT -:L 5::r:Ev:E %V.. [L±: S:-flQ;-

that t'ere should ict a xicfri of State :'t!Y v --

VViLJi public education.Lieu1- UUj1uI1uL1uiI t1HJ

cneçuent ineffective aflOfl )fteI; cc:iiitaiiv icr: af kTVMt!cIcitv of ;De4ir!:k )f4r: rR:1Eia iTi ame=ii tI!;e

i:- = - -- == - . =iC would seem that ? t -LLL

z,=_ -u= :'-1 At

iie results :xiI De eliminated b gvig the t-te-of e:Jcaici cci:t:aI cf te IZ: PCTCM1 1flt?1it3of the Stat=e Tz= p-gj t-i Sfjn rir }=ru1dits jur3d1ction public e1e-:iii=tir: and :Eccniaiy schcxilsedU:EtcI1. residenb'al scioofr fcr tFe deaf ar1 iIind. trI:z:8ciKo1s for iiveni1e delinquents, teachers cc1ewes and possibly a1other [J[1JUC1 supported IiiIm educitiona1 ixstthiticJn&

There is, ho R djeT%P (J OtflflIOfl i8 to Vc=!i:F the E-tatebardi of 1ucation should be- control of the tat schools ofhigher education other than those whose eMef function is to iwepare teachers. };fl cme States it ny nçit immediately fèiihto place all th supportxi hig1er ediicaticTial institutionsunder c:t:-t ' røerly =cir eflèct've= ii- all educat areaa.

c;oiisit:1erition Of f having only e =:tat rarãall reas of educici shcitthl I accompanied b' ccis1derataon

1. The and ctxftci o: the ard !ii order that t briebt to 7O-: i1 various eductionai arsa included under ftg

_. +I %A* , : = - -- =

=

over all areas of hicadon jtip cf rb

Power!; duties. -der present Stite Ut icyws aniduties of E:;taxe boarL c;: education vary from iEiv soin Statto numerous powers aiicE dut in other tat. Stite =uivmissions and many other educational authors hve made

concerning ga1 powers and jtai cf ft bit1

.I

=- --=== ---- - .----- .- - --- ---- - --------- - -- _-:__ -_

="- --

---=----= ___ :-

members valuthlagency 'n r-education, of,

disregarded his suceett . however, there tst

should should ecan

oncommissions mcwtit authorities

::: ,

tir lack

d lb i_., L

generalI

9

7 maE

tO have undvitt.2.tion

the Nerd because sonspublicly

-yr-a wovthe question

for.;_."....r.-A1

UU-I. 4tit

AL-igeno11-1

jT4J

and the

a

rnendationk

cora-or-

State

a State

agre-ement

that

boards not prop-

:

sin may

havinghead area.

and lawsin

Page 110: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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- - - - -.-

i

t% Ilona A=- r;Ui J1 :- __! _

A, , following

= ; --- 1 5__ duties: --- : '-

'- t State J ',= of -== _A

=_:- -

: ---- L1! (F &=

a ;:_=:iiw uJT1! L-(=J

t__4I_ duties iLl

' &T;:;:t

= -Ll

! t!i

c: i::z- W:1M V (JZ w:: ;;:

J:o OTfl t1% itfl i-: oZ eiict1en upon r

u L LUie school ULlrL Ac !!I tt: he tic-vrc=r a 'uc1gt c-vrng tLz- -cesrv

eu::Jc:::;c!: 4;C a ie ett::g icir:rUI _L:=: iw j:[L:

== -= 4 4, Lk1= 4 - Ø under control Uir-_A

£ ALU 1= * ; ;---- of k t_-=L "UI 'un ; --_:=

r,i To rJtfliiini o L1 juvuritjr anu tzj Legislature -

i_Iv MJ; U ::- ) IJi 5zU itiio fc ririh i;jts to be tatizht tJ elmeitrv and ocondarv

11oEnIot eu&D*ticuj -f

j1 youu

£ adopt, b_I_i M-

in tne E:i tw rc Tfl:;aL 4

I To h I=A p_=L: AL L , V := L L Li K

&

-1 funds i-ULLI purposes.apt TW &T Tu1Uoni for the construction f ehc-1

16.

ToTo

& - T the certification r

L J4

dte=iiino

&L-L=I I. jz

a!1(j Ioct;zn- of

.

state tahi='.Lu To i=Ll final 7-yj theLI

L'l IK=Ji

1s O! tt u th.- lawi rt1athi tc the sebooI tinder the bosrd

r 'I 4= ____I =rs-i.

r-f f!t!rt:iny:ik' laws _i

y- r=vw1 nf nIi c'nthr Hii -v n9riu':i dir-

I - , =- =y r w -

-TEr- y FTI f- I& i t flTrr F W- T ri W! y r,J a

full tz A I.!f3: eacii arcr c=i itate

I

- rr _- ___.

-C

sar

--000110-

Ckr*Aa-ITATIO AND CONCLUSIONS 1W

toaze the hat e

19AY t

. T

a 0

14 "ex o-jtas

To formulateblic schools.

44-Alopt _T;olichs.

an pres ribeTo point chiefxwi rmity wtt 8ua:NE1 l .

:emirtation the chief Stave officer, tuck'are detmedand tinew'-n-:alTi-conformity Stae..

.zry and for the government

of all its szarthe

em-aseesef departili the anious:tz_te famds should too to_e tac- districts of

, _I-z. st,,c, are ttee.

L o 142-m.State such

lAties as of theutter its jurisdiction.

schools of ktrEi awa.TO

ofTo

in

ed .det,-grial opportunities among

State L-w, rake -aldistribution

govern-

& 7;4newt

IldirE:7-,

--a--q7ARia awd

-17. To tta

sWets.

tep2e4147-7,,,

atersitting elf schools f the State._s_74:4A-17

seniwit Ittrt schools and

041

7.Elprt.

UP 7 1

r

general2.- and educational3.

_

upon theto him as

rules lawgn- its

6.

oyms.

the

bc--as the

a- o -vols

the State.with regulations

for offor

14. To

15.-0*

colleges,of

juriS,S-7WWv.0

are comp-I-jai with.

a-ULWULT1 t e ego or r%

bv Crinvertions Of local mthwl aClny or by W., State=-

V.

Page 111: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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III

IIII

D if

fJlI

III

III

f717

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r 11

,1 1

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litI

11

-fp-7_

AAft ,AA Fff.

=

T-appointed=-=

who=

f--=7

E

a sixxir:or imtp.nr-n

__L=1

ff __= -

"7-Z71

,=

- .2==_

STATE BOARr F KliUCATION

be centralizeti in the executive of the State. Th18 theorv, -however,is opposed by lezislative wends ,rfs of school authorities.ElectUon by the people on a nonpartis_n owiot represents moreearly than does .nuointment by the gvernor a direct vApressionof the pple's interezt in the control of the Sf---.ztea school system.This method, however, if ft r&quires Its candidates x mmpaign,is likely to cost the State boani some highly qualified persons whowould accept an appointment by the toi V -nor but not a candidthat involves campaigning.iLion conventions of icvai (-A as in Utah andc-Wa8hingto-n., is a recent met.hd wo thy oi consideration and study ;in a State having few school tyrds, it simplifies theproblem of getting men and women of high qualifications

regard, to politicAl affiliation& This method, however, vio-lates the principle that the bard Rhould mot be selected by agenciesor persons are subjKt to its authoriState laws, most ediwitors RErrr_T, show,. not 'provide for exofficio inemixrs. However well quWified a person w to serveas a State officer in the position to which he is elected, it doe3 potfollow that he is qualififti to serve on a State brae of education.or Lat he is interested in doing so. SIT; is eleted notbecaum= of P iitnezs for State tro_fAr'' for ms

nez,s for political office. Moreover, the duties of Sta ethe rovernor and .1 v --al aresuch -r7=-4 to raluire so much of their thne that they can eive onlyincidental attention to duties as members of the State board ofeducation. rhe chief State school officer should not be a memb-er ofboard, sinm the TLI.mon who is to execOe woiicies should n-otMenther of the board that detow&finx8 the

Vhe otate bvkirli of elucation should be a tvli Tin iningrenrcznting the people. Educational authorles generallyremnend that it nhould be corzuosed of laymen rather than edu-caw.- V%us at A A t_Dis nu LW ..h

Ert cl_"ftkm-4

the jurisdiff-imi OT

the board are ofcabonai institution& it 15a

ea.= I a

uld be a member of it who is und_rritE Lers cortung Worewnee

to rely on Drams]nr-P, but pow

theymy

benfoyh members be

w ,-:a I L-haiT

04.W-4111K=s- .

can et au the.thArr reecl f-j-try--sm th. & -.4=4

Crilv 0

Numbw of 04, LA.

2reminzekend memmrshim of inv-en tyr

_

boards

an

U cu%

fl

Information that

uzvey gCowlmmions usti_wivfliUd C.-1J ur 4uuuu

Page 112: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

.

ANDri

of education. The board should be large enough to be xciueiitat:*e c-f the educational ;:crsts which r must control itn thest4t Iju" not so large as to be toi heavy.,?T_____I _, _A_=__ p_i_:mcfE- i:r ci cre xr a cfloO. ctr ii=r iA

? = = -: the -- -lake - -= -=- ; - on - - -='i&L1j U 1i L- 11WUJtI U1 JFjj:( hJj!-

:__ 4=: of I orLj i1L? C*r ;iVe :e tt1rnenibers= Whiit tile length term. dic:iI authorities ree'k== r t- # ¶ continuityA

L=- j t ; fp 4=a T:;=--= -- .:T W. & - (A -=- = ---- I = members.If t;-- terms i= r a !!AO1V T Tf tftrte, t:'lrt? I ZIG aegiar sudden Inr n;v i:hands of a rievc c! xrcecj maj:rtv that wi:z be :revc-:a=tionary 44ct= i4 evolutionary

mei:rs should be provided w-- :efor -__t --- - --i_- -Y

=-_-;- ;__ -& M i1 U-A A ' LJ =-_ & ! I i %=- =4

board xti:-- y: it6 =-! =- F__- -- % 4 p facilities. '

t}tie 1J S;u=t: hej1T: 'OI fJ2jt}I U adIn1IIE;eEr the= a might - reason - -- -- -- - = -=- n - - - --:t: regular = )State L;-_ ==_-! -= -_i:-t not - - = 1: =_ -1 _ and since - meet only:;- %rJe -tr Zip

and , A _

.

- '-! --;::- year onlyji a =

- iW=!I highly r_ ='-- -i::-- [;=:- - '-

-;_wi11icr .:.tkie :a%-mfnt of a salary see:ns J!:::,:e&sary It is doubtful that;rcvsic-z cf a&-iries ór State toar!1 znernDer: WO!iLi iitv U

Oi the boards. hi fact, ne*:r 01 !:e boari yht. beleas well qi:ified, since a small s-i1ary night be an n±:tve tounsuitable xrsts to eeek aiwiithiei;t. Exrjerence the State;and in t±e c:es ha hrn tIt Dublicminded citizens have nc

deterT1 irorn e-rvmg on t:ras of nosary is attached to the: position.

A study of s1tate =aws over recent decadesreveals many egai trends whic=r fct -ariou aspects of Stateschool :=ç =gi rjyvt- ie legislativetrends In + }=

L An increase In 1satIv activity affecting the cn:=ftjc, aE;-tt oLrd5 o: Wucation.

2 The rtrfctkm of S!te coi;trci oVS hizatkvn h th. i]ceor (1by h: iVtV1 -f= hJ e _- : -=- - ----fWi p Sthte =-d h= - == : - __- ==

8 The aI1iti cf crt x ok E;=tate ard4T_ The removal cf all ex officio beri rom Stt boards of education.

. .. : - ..

------- - - _j=___i= i__.___=_ ----

40=VATIOWS Ci4Cr1JSTON

theespecially thcit

ofi2 of membership

67 for theof members t same

against in the

naLure.Co Elmsatis

rfunction &etc*

a sinceare

:s serve schools of their State without remuneration,

AtvA-1_:-. the

I,

iziticx!o mit.r;

governing

.1P

education

administration.4-= the State f education:_

---rt-uti-mtitm ad

&Mite boardstrft-

)mr,- )

:-*ke

constitutionally

r

1 09

and

a

a

been

Remelt Trem-js

are ofevidence with

or-

andof

Page 113: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

1111

511

ril 1

1111

1111

1111

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., to

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1111

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rti 1

1171

1111

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I III

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rn

17II!

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n

I 10 R:;A-rI; +OJ cp

b The , I I 4 t C- =- = __I === =- ;= ; I

f '-_Ii i=I ;I I i-J==L UA kM1LJI UL

-

i

-

L =I- t1 i- V Lt- 1I L U 1

Selection =- : ==-_ ; - =-;;J1 s-:-; -;; =JL ' i

. I= .-r1- -- -= -'= -

r = = -=-- w _____

- -- - - - - - - - -

J

i I Eff!-rk;L!= tItI c&&(Iw CLfIi

Education Ls rc:sv ZItTh =tAL9 Ifl Tfl&flV

-- e =

; ! := L: !

becomeT' Lif' T

fl:=4

- - - - - -

the most : A

T1= in

= & =

Ti T t '1A-_

TJ_I

W1 judging fromI

! however, ' --- ! - "-

F I ( !-1 -V I =: Yt 2 t because=- - ' '==Ytti iYT

-F

office , =- =-- very== , __j.

-- ----

L4 V iJ %- L4JA4 LV.1 jL Li LLL

=

' -

Lr1ur[I tt=: flMfl.

s-' " '- t '- --- r

the g!-

salaryiJ

-

1iMk

- -

T!-I

I WL - 1! 1-rt II- I in 7= I=-T I E}=I T- assume the TTTI TWTT T1I that

L; fts 1L= consideration EihciLIlcI be given to the matters:__

c#=-1; ===---

:-

ii' ti-E S _IL

omeer! tztc!: !ri vi'te. tior bv L=!)VtI(fl ±JT1 TV tXMVJR? VUI IS

leastIWDS theTie

&method : ac:riti

i;V 9trtfeir 1

hi

tmtthri anui in S4 schcxi ;iirvev reports j *nr 1w th

:, board U i ti i L £- i)7 k,g --- jii form r#

IJriitd ( EcIucation:'Yt- of

t mosta- a sfT

-a the - -- m t .r r n made , w-4, .nasaa that this

directlyL

LLL i:kti I I1Y U V U.L !!1 UYi

- - -.= -=- -. T_ T_ :_ :_ . =-

left tints 1A I I L T 111 L Ft

some partisan -= = w

P Tf1 lEt T T= it Y placate= &_- =

L I i1 _ Lt W-

- -

I L LJ E V LL1 A

-_- -

U M ILl f

- - . = = - - -

tT motives, w WI ! I I

- - - .== - k r ----I -j-----:---

%_- -- _____--

a. D-E4 d t L1 i io-State - = =

-

-=-=- =-= --------------- ,--=---

-V

n

I

-

,

ED 'CATION

. of

late b-

Slate boal- 4a.

4

. cd &alto10.

t i chief schoolpn- State;

sone t L nc, early

W

r

makes

Ol t. sth ofthe j often

Stateuniversity prftidetta.

ue i tte o thttpopular appointment-4-Inent by

appointment4 appointment 4=

F-`

Vole_7

.e-Th

(that of A

P.it

=,4

tthI (04er)

tite= rti g,

_

=ucational policies the

miga,

. . ir e(Om ehfun

cm. ti=.

.we4,ei

=-1

Ade.M.5

_

A_

L . taw'

hav- tvo

asen

____, ,.trilt, 4._ or

evorawe=

MEE

lE1111.GE!"

from onktards.

&

of

_move and of nera1 brkArds

nu te-Am

not a rvz ;

a major of State businwa. The respon-State

so con-

theto

salari&s 5 uerintendenL

f-

,1=z1A

tc_htx)1State board

thedesirable, little

by school adminis-

per

Office chief be a offloasubject e;-5.

as forsooth, the suth everr.nd as if people would

in ail often

faction orof State.

th aon um"

nrorin rnition

Wanata c K-Z._.tka. no&tia Mkof

e.

Page 114: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

,

1:

t

g

ft1 Detiong f

if ther

VI idfeV CI-S_

4a,

oie, '14, if tis State.4,

!;,_r

7

ea2 Un7,4; bOrla tO tpartnP *trteli 1110

wtlettil admi-t? I Stare g67:CI1 officer ShOtdd

tram the zountu at 1J..47e as are 4.-F, kt-uol vrintend

SiALki. school -Scar may 7w.., he likeLy, -ari= hmto have opption, at the primary ---,:-.1_

to hay-- pmsitio at ibis `-'--._.._.

_ at ------- kiA ,,_%9 States in which

result cd ___

N1340 efficient1±erin 444, r 14

2

uhd LA

that 6,to4

Own officers

ak

111

theof

_nli)gtAP

thodquaLth*i for

State I--e e

---=alsijr .411..m.apc!,--- -- _. .:a--_ ,. L,..,,--_- - W:Mit..

. 1 ._ SeMla to 1e--irit 5,11,,, _than in, any- 4-----

checking from 1-±P to 1028 ftratast "WW.1 W---. in America" tile13,14 t6Ce! Ur60 haw, held t --_=-, sito that state km. a %m;fmtwi-tante haremm,=t-s--:--_-.4 lwrsulia of gr.e4, -174-w much mare frogmen Lag, .,

V_AWITmUkTiL. Sri 1; 0 to---itArit-,

net

er

true&TA- as

A.2' ;-4,t

*

nu. of should,

I r tZliUr

_u-tiiraftrate=

'

ARE Mft di

vat inti fir

office.

a'441

_g_r5

C

ial

election

rai prov'.for a neW

Li duties o'any new ur far---ren,

for

given

amew_v-p-atiftt4z5-

years i-1.'z.r1:11'20 A u, e-:

AnItet tenure

the toutv;

jr

11:147aN 054

1MM, 8 er4t1

A 7

=1-

-

Efr-- A

the-1-M and

tha mcd*it MU_

am_fr, due

Wim g r=o _

4

U-LVX31-

maw it urT

OPZ.F.-R* D

chief State officer ts eIected by popular votelimited in n

parties. They are in to resi-Al%rt, authorjtjpq in

beand

how an1.4 t-rm expires,

&id is certainThis esptial1y in

there are two major poliUciii yea,a OppQ8ition he may be defea

It is txue efficient Sta17 popular vote, on the whole th

the choice of persons so wellhas apvaintment by the Reier -nvs

hold view the

universi

kenme

In StRrL kc&rdmore

.--tnd

wtr-fftiti other methods

tly

np.s not rt-3.

asthis wint

kept-f

narn

Term of offire.The o be as to permit/ the n selected for the -pc:I-lido thne which tofitnew for the A 2-yeAr em inL:tat not:allow enough time chief Stateechmt r to Li_fwonie acquainW with his officeand to polici. that theState, ,,tax--d may adopt or, in the of suth lx-yar4,deems necemary the of the sthis of the

of at least 4 provi eqi, ;--z_ft--thaL, rperiexi should be 'le f hisixrn

saiwye---03nsidering im ftrio o andand manifold the dutie of the c ef State ezhoqn

n areschool of

-nta. The comparatively low salaries

thpir an ,-r-ipg

=

k==-P 1 if V---"ey are fixed by stathte

in such is di

ib.Itoar4 c r-ligNest al& P. 11.

offic;_rs,with

14 TT1P

to&

theve% by

the

-t-a-mtyps. oh*

Page 115: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

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iliffi

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innm

irrir

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mm

icin

uum

nim

unrim

um

Fl

4 ¶ ,.

tir'!IL 1AAr A1J

'

I

.;_-.-- y(_ the tiL y-'_ y_-1__ ;__ secure

I=-:__ " .

A and boardsCity =-===-:: i=:=T T:-

-=_1---- =-;:: - -- - = = !: = are . i___=_

board schoolA-1= -=IL= jj t

-r :r:. iv authority !x :te saryits -'-

-==-' _--:_, - figure ; --- '--'= '- '= '- ==-A 1-=- -F

-I"-- --- =-any -

=-_-

--- V =-- who=Y -

1-=

. -3 =4

:-: :r Sigeneral !; mostly to :;- =-" -== --' In ==:4_-_- =-

'_jif j:: tT= &!: =%:f-T:h:

prescribed iy v a

ar :. -i: ,J

cult for officers -- _:= .y_'4-

-=- decidecandidates = actually -- - =v-- !

--'- '_%

to safeguard the -=j- from the1=

sous W! ae i: tIiaycertain 1r" rFI=II- A-= -=4_-__ -.-----

;::;I= cc 2 or 3 vpz: f

a:iaz v:r : a T1

years of T- -

I

certain y- _--- i: :,; that should =-i: -_-T

---e___ .-=- = I=_ ,:i: -;-.

kLE :--: c-!_J k

;:f :ii and =irif4S ' I - I

IF

I_ __j; - -=_ri- 1;i ; -i=ti ___L=r _:k :jr

some -:i* e-:i =jvr ::

cc41; 4r1t1 (!fHT JLliUN only a are listed. In L1:eei -: = : . . _ board% of -1 - number dutiesivtii:z i=tu- tjt t_i'i iiit JI :rJ%%rij jjjti

I 'I '

tine chief E= A

tate doll's.a8F;lglD-eci :J=r law t: c:ricIi (JU1TT iieci ricit

c)e as great- a in 'iie iii vriirri irit i- rn twr

siiic rnc*;:t= elf =tir (thfi1= caL be 85Wflf?d uj=r

boards.==-I - A should -

IL) JJ-t!=LjtU iLiUA

officer are the)'LV =U(JU IU1JtJbVFILJ

I. General !t;w!:ir of th public- -- - -- - State of-= - _!_: executive F .- - - - --- I-- I

= gI =r.ft=== I there fr=I: I_= separate -=- -r _=-:=- I=- -=- LU, -r------ ----

-=

I I

3- fT.- - - rr_t!- - - --- -- his! it_I

LL%U%==Z (i flV employeeJ I

_: - - - - ----- - w- II k-_'-I-

- e _ =

4 Ie - -

4=L I- i __A! :

-= I I

A

S

eM

to arrartas well as a city board

a university should to ofat that is equal t th

of in the

4:1404, e qualifications chief luY-1in sria . about

one-third the Stat4m are Ileumin some of these States tile &3ucadona1

qual!fications exp .-0s,sed general terms ft !a cliff-appointing or 'or to

orderor appointment of DAer-

educationally unqualified, some ofStates Such

qualifications &mei' _Mimi °rpmprofessional nature, number 0?In the field of There are, of

byboards governors., and 'n S-,r#,a cx l

Poice: 4st! of po aPArtuxiStates. In

d duties listed in the schoolin few States

Stt, boards,his 1J-ewers

Among the powers Ito

schools.az

the,,

deri-AZ and retornaliending the whose

as tct Ru tIof ta *4_1'

vravai of the A-R,

has

ion

and a

are

the State

members of

so

to theboard.

Page 116: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

I.1

111

1111

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1101

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ON

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fimm

omm

omm

oom

som

mel

osom

omm

logo

I

I

= ==&-____ -

-AL-=

=-=-

e-=--r # -- --

---=- - I--

;ii U 4 1 LTJT W 'V 4_ uJ for -

:

&=tj i= L J -

for :===1- -;n; =-= :--;- of education, if

; S!=3 : :- :t Ive::i- :-r c

department 'A ---k.:_ ---=A

forth --- -=--"-!4j kI-I_! -==I

_=,t theUi -rI =_j kJ tj-L --,(Jj -it

ut: L4J t= =-_;

:-- ; VT:: := i-:

- -IiiNy

-- 1A ==

i=-?i----!

=- 5-=_-=4 =-=.

==J ==-: L_

;:-- --=___=:

;- -, , terms = I

frrr; :i:a!r I

- -

- Evaluation IUA -1 % and Fu. ; ;tiS -- -- = -

j

"i A_ --: =1

k_ A _- = -A =-

Y1L1IJvRJAz4: '' 4 ,

I T I= cr±r- - ! ! =)-L =- q;- or --'- - ---

4--4 :_;= of = 4 -__ii

r I - -=

=- =- State board %

k%=I

,

=I4-K -L=4IL- L=i

-

- the == =!4- -

-'-= the-;- the.told '4the = -=- - - e4 _ forh: their -

4 A A - -- t=--a 1=¶=--

_- _- - r- _ a a a-a= = = E fl;__- 2t _ - w ë _- 4 _ _ a

Is : of Sr cic=c=1 frr4 ir w1tJ Stnt

th SDSet t th k31 :te School t:4Ik,Arno' :tZ=;----

jr= I--1 affect.," thisthe -;: I - ___

: -=== --.=- ?=--=-a -a .a-= - -- if- F

;:rtA ,-

=_J --I U W _; -==I i-fl ate :- a - a a - .=

=- L the Statek1A -w; U 7f

¶J I_w_ LL- I --;- '-

a 7 -aT trim =j j jj 1 L- : - -------

1_Ip_- Lçw: jJ ;- UAX :

L frt apprtineit U Fttif thief

& Tcrd the ricn-az ui tF Lat crc;1 oflkr :rom

- Toward i-_5 -

! r4i4 C

J 4

4 4 ' ----==-'= -

6 ii:j T! nis:: tJ Ftn, r---1

-t

--- - -

i A iw3 äAi:q:r cr of- -=-- -i = _I__-- g salaries--- ---- for- - - a

Toward-= -a - --- - = e aI i = -_ W- W WV t --- W ___

-4, -- -

i -L*; -_& school I -

! y 4 --

ALlowlh

vAlION111

until each tate and gm.

to hoard or,timre is of a budget thee,partfts o the State iLication And

of a:me that abauld approp toschool &Ate each ill.Stata evntrvl 534.:Ate !4'41-ard of education or Index._it pe....-virick,

of t6 school 1.a andbe

kx-ai v.1 board&

rurbfrav cLeAnsic-aa

a reparta local schoca districts and----ducationaristitlytiorta the State department or

issuancl terti-,rincseals, surrtrvUors.-

Of sitira and achoo?

wit* 8tatm lawn.

on 0 1

State?- oxiumtior, gryernor

i St4t.es newAsmc;iztrainendatiorts

accordance .

.11 to comp

r _17

if

kiyard

:_s

Awaygovernor.

scbool 14y

chief mhimilipState iWuration.

the ..--C7-ft-a f4 board.

,__-

chief olteer the chief administrativeI officer of cgirle etioaL

terns.

school officers.

aridAtiv

of an S

113

u

a rry

trio

4.rk

a id

allt

that

4

It

eAlucation.e"

on *rKArds of

the

State department ofI

chief Stateincreasing

offitr the

Page 117: tate 7 , b R. - ERIC

------- g-_;-5

, =- - BOARDS ,

-

: 9 EL=ward ?tYiT7 t} frctIon c chief tns: Zn relation T;ij tnose veE;teQ In trio =ta- Doarcl cI educat1oL

10.-

the separation of policy-making functions froni executIveand arnistratv at v- former wti Stat.* iciai.

_4---.

to? i__._ c__=;F LY :-a=_ schoola-4 _, - J

r.

' V

D

1 inistrw.gULZ=2aUticii cI Ilimlic F;cm)c!t3 t ininwei c-i Droau (1T CflEi O)EE1:v-atIOfl3

be ri&e. imoii :üme of nore noteworthy cserrions;4

may

I

a,

L

;:

J

p

1. A State ies:a:!re $ free w change or adur :ch=c1 !awc1iarigii conditions.

21 Present conditIons in o=-c administration emphasize a dIeIs; to consult wit!i educational aitherftie

& A t=at hAS COri1uierab1e frdin t4 g the W$7 itcioosez tut t :c'u W:1 ey cpei.

4. ' iS Gii jiIa1! Vt1fl jo1

conform to :he -t opinion -f authorities n education,' . ' , __L systems whichBIo1_1J- ITJLOW careniiiy worea=uiir flVC De=fl icuiia

to produce brood reilt

& Fewer 5tJ arid an extension ei;wer ! !=cI apparently en=) the k=vekment of fl!U! flexible and efficiezit yttns c4 9tat school gdnthEati&P

6- Laws W:;r9ill WiflIL-fl !!1

tifie the natural educational and administrative rese7 Lega; p?3vionI gOVerig 1tte sebooI are not

i:cc=pt::He !O z,; t1

aatioii of State fimetiori fZOfl IO*1 dflhffli5tZ*tfVe fUflction8 gconstant i school

a Whatever the degree of Et. eontr&. j rcrr

EccLfI1e1c1 and prmoteinitiative - a

9 A !tudy o-f vrion vier of State 1w woveyiii State booIa- iTiasei the inwc=rtaice of de!ct=Ii!g ;mi-uuc 1{r Ui UIL5 or UI iiieriiit- __prOvisionL Aetna exiexinentation in this ares i iriadaut. Aftermany year! ox expieiice with various types c4 cI=I __th--ing school 2fl=tJrrTtorJ as W1I ar 1-iitors do magree ozi what cotjtitutes the belt legislative rivIskizis crp?Qvc:!: prothwe the most

loip School niiidrtIun may not be fl xct i4it 1eednrr 1L1 be ithJect to ób-ieetive appraisal Ii tT1!i Of T131t---- The -

& L

ou&vK11!cua :in oz eucazion may yet wor Tne

to det=ithw: with r=onb1i assurance that ceita$-n !egkIatfve irco1itT!a V-=iT fisi__- -_ a --

* u IiNT nme t9-w;s,

,I

:r:::. ; ; : ':

---- -'a

r.

.

duties and schoolofficers

tkiand

1=2

From ,a study of present gislativ and practicesaffecting the legal structure and organization for

theare:

for

S legislature igo its

that State administrationand that :-=t

prescriptions discretionaryState officials won!,

'too un.:ortnit;

itto meet

0separation local sehmt

problem administration.administrative

et.saiiie-

method measvring. efitsIEL

= much

_

Li.'

d=b-6

_e_

.

iir -I - are-

5. r

better

cornett44

offiFers.

Observations

require much

administrationsep-

a

wurelocal

and

whatresult&

than otl.