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Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
• Architecture, design, fabrication, testing, and analysis of novel circuits for current-based physically unclonable functions (PUFs). The circuit has a much higher precision and accuracy than the state-of-the-art PUFs
• Architecture, design and silicon implementation of novel on-chip current sensors for nondestructive post-silicon characterization and for noninvasive sensing of the aging process
Task Thrust
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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TASKTASKPARTICIPANTSPARTICIPANTS
• Task Leader: Farinaz Koushanfar, Rice University• Co Leader : Golsa Ghiaasi Hafezi , Post Doctorate
Associate, Rice University
• Students: Mehrdad Majzoobi, PhD Student, Rice University
Expected graduation date: June 2011 • Industry Liaison:• Sani Nasif, IBM• Erik Welsh, TI
Participations
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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EXECUTIVE EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSUMMARY
Executive Summary
•Accomplishments
– Dr. Ghiaasi-Hafezi (design expert) joined the team– Finalized the authentication protocol– Finalized the architecture and design details
• Future directions– Upcoming tape-out in December 2010– Circuit testing and measurements– Security tests and countermeasures– Impact of aging and stress on the sensing mechanisms– Proposal for an improved architecture for sense -amp
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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EXECUTIVE EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSUMMARY
Executive Summary
• Technology Transfer– Interacted with MIT faculty working on PUF
• Industrial interactions– Dr. Sani Nassif from IBM Austin Research Lab– Mr. Erik Welsh and Dr. Gene Frantz from Texas
Instruments
• Inventions– In process of submitting a patent request to Rice
University
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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RESEARCHRESEARCHDELIVERABLESDELIVERABLES
• Annual review presentation, October 2009
• Report on the new robust architecture, mechanisms, and
proof-of-concept fabrication and testing results of secure current-based physically unclonable functions and other forms of unclonable identification, July 2010
• Annual review presentation, October 2010
• Report on the security analysis alongside with introduction and enabling of new mechanisms and protocols for IC protection, content-protection, and secure third-party IP protection and thus responding to rapidly changing semiconductor business requirements, July 2011
Deliverables
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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RESEARCHRESEARCHDELIVERABLESDELIVERABLES
• Report on the design, proof-of-concept fabrication, and testing of new current-based on-chip sensors for nondestructive and noninvasive post-silicon characterization, for use in a variety of post-silicon optimizations, July 2012
• Report on the characterizing and quantification of the impact of random environment variations, aging and stress on the introduced sensing mechanisms and current-based PUFs, July 2012
• Final report summarizing research accomplishments and future direction, July 2012
Deliverables
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
• Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF)
• A unique identifier for each chip – The intrinsic analog variations of a
physical attribute [Pappu et al. Science’02] [Gassend et al. CCS‘02]
• Viable for current and future silicon technologies
• Properties– Unclonable– Fast to evaluate– Hard to remove
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9
Roy and Asenov, Science, 2005
Friedberg et al., ISQED, 20059
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
Project Description/Result
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOLAUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL
Project Description/Result
• Before deployment, a set of challenge and response pairs are measured and stored for each PUF
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
Project Description/Result
• Arbiter-based PUF: convert analog information to digital *• Compare two paths with an identical delay in design
– Random process variation determines which path is faster– An arbiter outputs 1-bit digital response
• Multiple bits can be obtained by either duplicate the circuit or use different challenges– Each challenge selects a unique pair of delay paths
…
c-bitChallenge
RisingEdge
1 if toppath is faster,else 0
D Q1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1 0 10 0 1
01
G
Response
* J. Lee, D. Lim, B. Gassend, G. E. Suh, M. van Dijk and S. Devadas, "A Technique to Build a Secret Key in Integrated Circuits for Identification and Authentication Applications" , VLSI Circuits Symposium, 2004.
Suh and Devadas, DAC 2007
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Project Description/Results
• Current-based PUF
• Ultra-low power response generation– Exploit sub-threshold leakage current– Automatic current cut-off
• Shorter evaluation time
• Robustness of responses – In presence of temperature and voltage supply variations
• Exponential number of challenge-response pairs
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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MACROMACRO ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
Project Description/ Results
Block diagram of PUF architecture
– Generation of process sensitive currents and voltages
• e.g., I = {I1,…,IN}
– The inputs (challenges) are used to select two equivalent subset of currents a and b
• the currents are equivalent by construction, but differ because of process variations
– The task of combination could be linear or non-linear
– Comparison of two selected groups
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
• M. Majzoobi, F. Koushanfar. "Time-bounded Authentication of PUFs." Article under review, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2010.
• F. Koushanfar, M. Majzoobi, U. Ruhrmair, S. Devadas. “Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) Hardware and Security Analysis.” Book Chapter in Hardware-Based Security, John Wiley and Sons, 2011.
• M. Majzoobi, G. Ghiaasi, F. Koushanfar, S. Nassif. " Ultra-low Power Current-based PUF.” submitted to IEEE International
Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2011.
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Conclusion
• Physical unclonable functions (PUFs)– Emerging paradigm for intrinsic identification and authentication
• Novel current-based PUF– Lightweight– Higher entropy of responses (output)
• Devised macro-, micro- and circuit-level architecture• Simulations results for robustness and stability• Preliminary security analysis for randomness and
uniqueness• Tape-out scheduled for December 2010
Task Thrust Participations Executive Summary Deliverables Project Description/ Result Conclusion