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Introduction to AIR
All India Radio (abbreviatedasAIR), officially known asAkashvani is the radiobroadcaster ofIndia and adivision ofPrasar Bharati(Broadcasting Corporation ofIndia), an autonomous
corporation of the Ministry ofInformation and Broadcasting,Government of India.
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Today, it is the sisterservice of Prasar Bharati's
Doordarshan, the national televisionbroadcaster. One of the largest radio networks in the world one
of the largest radio networks in the world
There are five regional headquarters for All India
Radio, namely in theNorth Zone in New Delhi;
the East Zone in Kolkata; the North-East Zone in
Guwahati, Assam; the West Zone in Mumbai; and
the South Zone in Chennai.
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History of radio broadcasting In
India
In India the first radio club wasstarted working inBombay in June 1923
In November 1923 Calcutta radio club went on air
and the Madras radio clubstarted working on 31st
July 1924 for the time period of 2 hours 30 minutes.but closed down due to the financial reasons.
ON 23 July 1927 broadcasting started by Indian
broadcasting service in Bombayand Calcutta.
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IBC wasa financial failure in spite ofaloan
from the government and was closed down inyear 1930.IBC wasa private company.
But under the pressure of general public, radioprogram producers, radio dealersandmanufacturers the govt. took over the Bombay
and Calcuttastation in 1930. British Govt.s Department of Labourand
Industriesstarted operating them as the IndianState Broadcasting Corporation
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STARTING OF ALL INDIA RADIO
Lionel Fielden was the first person who realizedthe importance of radio and persuade the govt. todo something for the betterment of the radio
programs. The name Indianbroadcasting service was
changed to All India Radio in June 8 ,1936.
Lionel Fielden started short wave service in 1938
and programs went on air from Lucknow andMadras radio stations on 2nd April 1938 and onJune 16, 1938
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In 1939, tiruchi radio station wasalso
established and in same the externalservicedivision in Delhi wasstarted.
A.S.Bokhari was the first ever IndianDirector general of radio who took over the
charge of radio from Lionel Fielden A new broadcasting house was built on
Parliament street, New Delhi.
On 3rd June 1947 ,
LordMountbatten,Jawaharlal Nehru andMohammad Ali Jinnah made historicalbroadcast on the partition of India.
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NINE DECADES OF BROADCASTING
The phenomenal growth achievedby All India Radio
through decades has made it one of the largest
media organizations in the world.Today AIR reaches
out to 99.14% of the population spread overabout
91.79% of the area with the help of 231 broadcasting
Centres.
Majorlandmarks ofbroadcasting are listedbelow
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1920-1930s
June,1923 : Broadcast of programsby the RadioClub of Bombay.
November, 1923 : Calcutta Radio Club put outprograms.
July 31, 1924 : Broadcasting Service initiatedbythe Madras Presidency Radio Club.
July 23, 1927 : Indian Broadcast Company(IBC),Bombay Station inaugurated by Lord Irwin,
the Viceroy of India. August 26, 1927 : Calcutta Station of IBC
inaugurated.
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1930s
March 1, 1930 : IBC went into liquidation.
April 1, 1930 : Indian State Broadcasting Serviceunder Department of Industries
and Labour commenced on experimentalbasis.
March, 1935 : A new department Controller ofBroadcast constituted.
August 30, 1935 : Lionel Fielden appointed as the firstcontroller of Broadcasting in India.
September 10, 1935 : Akashvani Mysore, a privateradio station, wasset up. The word Akashavani wascoined by Professor Dr. M.V. Gopalaswamy for his radiostation in Mysore during 1936.
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January 19, 1936 : First newsbulletin broadcast
from AIR.
June 8, 1936 : Indian State Broadcasting
Service became All India Radio.
August 1, 1937 : Central NewsOrganisationcame into existence.
November, 1937 : AIR came under Department
of Communication. October 1, 1939 : External Service started with
Pusthubroadcast.
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1940s
October 24, 1941 : AIR came under Department ofI&B.
January 1, 1942 : Akashvani Mysore was taken overby Maharaja of Mysore.
February 23, 1946 : AIR came under the Departmentof Information & Arts.
September 10, 1946 : Department of Informationand Arts changed to Department of Information andBroadcasting.
1947 (at the time of partition) : Six Radio Stations inIndia(Delhi,Bombay,Calcutta,Madras)
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Tiruchirapalli and Lucknow) and three RadioStations in Pakistan (Peshawar, Lahore and
Dacca)
September, 1948 : Central NewsOrganisation
(CNO) wassplit up into two Divisions,1.News Service Division (NSD) and 2. External
Service Division (ESD),
the former remained responsible for the news
output of ESD as well.
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Role played by Radio after
independence(1950 -2010)
firstly, to
achieve political
integration
secondly, to
attain economic
development;
and finally, to
achieve social
modernisation.
Indian radiobroadcasting in independent India
set the parameters for the succeeding role of
television in the nation.
At Independence, the Congress government
underJawaharlal Nehru followed three major
goals:
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Achievement of First Objective
In those days radio was considered as an integralmedium of communication, primarily due to the absenceof any motion medium.
All the national affairs and social changes were informedthrough the waves of broadcast media.
Within no time, popularity of radio spread nationwide.Indian radio proved to be a prime medium of socialintegration.
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Indian Radio took birth and was promoted by the government at its best for the objective of
political nation building. National integration and the development of a "national
consciousness" happened to be the primary objective of All India Radio.
Broadcasting was organized as the solitary reason of the chief planner ofthis process of political integration - the State.
The mission of broadcasting helped to overcome the urgent crisis of politicalvolatility that followed Independence and cultivated the long-term progression ofpolitical modernization and nation building that was the prevailing ideology ofthe newly formed nation.
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Second & Third Objective- Development of the Country
Indian radio also took up the task of aiding in the development of economic
scenario. The Indian Constitution was adopted in 1950 and authorized a
strong role for the Indian State in the economic development of the country.
Third Objective - AIR was specially designed program tocontribute to the process of social modernization
The main problem was that the old ideas were influencing the young mindsthus hindering the process of social change and modernization. The role of
broadcasting provided an inlet for the flow of modern ideas.
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Initially Programs were broadcast twice a weekfor an hour a day on welfare topics related to
community health, citizens duties and rights,
and traffic and road sense.
When television was taking birth, radio
happened to be a matured medium in India.
Various entertainment programs were added inthe curriculum ofIndian Radio that included
melodious songs and interview panels.
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Brief Growth of AIR-The government-
owned network ofIndian radio
provides both national and local
programs in Hindi, English, and sixteen
regional languages.
Commercial Radio services inI
ndiastarted in 1967 by Vividh Bharati
Service with its headquarters at
Mumbai.
Vividh Bharati earned its revenues from
extensive advertisements and had been
broadcasting from thirty-one AM and
FM stations during the mid-1990s.
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In 1994 there had been almost 85 FM stations and
seventy-three short wave stations that connectedthe entire country.
The broadcasting equipment used in India is mainly
indigenous and reaches special audiences, such asfarmers needing agro climatic, plant protection, and
other agriculture-related information.
The number of radio receivers increased almost five
times between 1970 and 1994. Initially it wasaround 14 million that rose to nearly 65 million.
Most radios are also produced within India.
Service of ESD also improved in terms of no ofprograms and geographical areas
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1950s
July 20, 1952 : First National Programme of Music
broadcast from AIR.
July 29, 1953 : National Programme ofTalks
(English) commenced from AIR.
1954 : First Radio Sangeet Sammelan held.
August 15, 1956 : National Programme of Play
commenced.
October 3, 1957 : Vividh Bharati Servicesstarted.
November 1, 1959 : First TV Station in Delhi started
(at that time, it was part of AIR).
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1960s
November 1, 1967 : Commercial on Vividh Bharatistarted.
July 21, 1969 : Yuv-Vani service started at Delhi.
August 15, 1969 : 1000 KW Superpower Medium Wave
Transmitter commissioned at Calcutta (Mogra).
Growth of AIR Since 1950
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1970s
January 8, 1971 : 1000 KW Superpower Medium Wave Transmittercommissioned at Rajkot.
1974 : Aakashvani Annual Awards instituted.
April 1, 1976 : TV separated from AIR
1977 : Introduction of political party broadcasts.
July 23, 1977 : First ever FM Service was inaugurated from Madras
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1980s
October 30, 1984 : First Local Station at Nagarcoil started.
January 26, 1985 : II phase of Commercial on Primary Channel
introduced.
August 15, 1985 : Introduction of hourly news bulletins.
May 18, 1988 : Introduction of National Channel.
April 8, 1989 : Commissioning of Integrated North East Service.
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1990s
March 2, 1990 : The 100th Station of AIR commissioned at Warangal(A.P.).
1990 : AIR introduced Award for the best News Correspondent of the
year.
October 2, 1991 : Vividh Bharti Panaji became a CBS Channel.
October 2, 1992 : Commissioning of FM Channel at Jalandhar.
January 10, 1993 : Introduction of Phone-in-programme at AIR Delhi.
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October 2, 1992 : Commissioning ofFM Channel at Jalandhar.
January 10, 1993 : Introduction ofPhone-in-programme at AIR Delhi.
January 28, 1993 : Commissioning ofVB Channel at Varanasi.
April 1, 1993 : The150th Station ofAIR inauguraated at Berhampur
(Orissa)
August 15, 1993 : Introduction ofTime Slots on FM Channel to private
parties at Delhi - Mumbai.
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September 1, 1993 : Time Slots on FM Channel to private
parties at Chennai.
July 25, 1994 : Time Slots on FM Channel to private parties at
Kolkata.
May 2, 1996 : Launching of AIR on-line Information Service on
Internet.
January 13, 1997 : Started Audio in real time on Internet
Service.
November 23, 1997 : Prasar Bharati Corporation came into
existence and took control of AIR and Doordarshan.
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August 15, 1999 : Second FM Channels commissioned atDelhi and Calcutta.
November, 1999 : AIR launched a daily Malayalam Servicefor the Gulf Region
2000-2007
June, 2000 : Community Radio Stations commissioned atNongstoin & WilliamNagar in (Meghalaya), Saiha(Mizoram), Tuensang and Mon in Nagaland.
July 17, 2000 :Regional Staff Training Institute (Tech.)started functioning at Bhubaneshwar (Orissa)
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February 27, 2002 : AIR launched its first ever
digital satellite home service which catersto Indiansub-continent and South East Asia.The listenershave to use a special digital satellite receiver toreceive the signal directly from the satellite.
These receivers are available in the country andbeing manufactured by a number of reputedcompanies in India and abroad.
July, 2002 : Celebrated 75 years of Broadcasting .
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December 16, 2004 : Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh inaugurated DTHServiceof AIR & Doordarshan.
23rd Aug, 2005 :New BroadcastingHouse equippedwith digital studio setup for News Service Division,
External Service andHome Service was inauguratedbyHonble Minister of I&B and Culture.
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April 1, 1993 : The150th Station of AIRinaugurated at Berhampur (Orissa)
August 15, 1993 : Introduction of Time Slots on
FM Channel to private parties at Delhi - Mumbai.
September 1, 1993 : Time Slots on FM Channelto private parties at Chennai.
July 25, 1994 : Time Slots on FM Channel toprivate parties at Kolkata.
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Present status Of AIR
AIR today hasa network of 232broadcasting centres
with 149 medium frequency(MW), 54 high frequency
(SW) and 171 FM transmitters.
The coverage is 91.79% of the area , serving 99.14% ofthe people in the largest democracy of the world.
AIR covers 24 Languagesand 146 dialects in home
services.
In Externelservices, it covers 27 languages; 17 nationaland 10 foreign languages.
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