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SWINE FLUSWINE FLU
BY
Prof Dr : Tarek Abdel GawadProf Dr : Tarek Abdel Gawad
Prof. Of Pediatrics. Head Of PICU, Ain Shams
University
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DEFINITIONDEFINITION
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a
respiratory disease of pigs caused by
type A influenza that regularly causeoutbreaks of influenza among pigs.
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Swine flu viruses cause high levelsSwine flu viruses cause high levels
of illness and low death rates inof illness and low death rates in
pigs.pigs. Swine influenza viruses may circulateSwine influenza viruses may circulate
among swine throughout the year, butamong swine throughout the year, butmost outbreaks occur during the latemost outbreaks occur during the late
fall and winter months similar tofall and winter months similar tooutbreaks in humans.outbreaks in humans.
The classical swine flu virus (anThe classical swine flu virus (aninfluenza type A H1N1 virus) was firstinfluenza type A H1N1 virus) was firstisolated from a pig in 1930.isolated from a pig in 1930.
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Studies have shown that the swine fluStudies have shown that the swine flu
H1N1 is common throughout pigH1N1 is common throughout pig
populations worldwide, with 25 percent ofpopulations worldwide, with 25 percent ofanimals showing antibody evidence ofanimals showing antibody evidence of
infectioninfection
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Swine flu viruses do not normallyinfect humans, however, human
infections with swine flu do occur,and cases ofhuman-to-human spreadof swine flu viruses has been
documented.
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From December 2005 through February
2009, a total of 12 human infections withswine influenza were reported .
All infected cases were workers in close
contact with pigs with no case fatality
reported between them.
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In late March and early April 2009,morethan 1000 cases of human infection with
swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses were
reported and 20 patients died from swineflu.
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As the swine flu spreadthroughout the world,countries and citizensmoved quickly to protectthemselves, donning face
masks, cancelling trips, andstaying out of crowdedareas.
FT.com
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This week, onestory has been
prominent in our
output: Swine Flu.
-BBC News
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The World Health Organization raised the alert
level of the fast-spreading swine flu virus,
indicating that a "pandemic is imminent."-NY Times
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Pigs can be infected by avian
influenza and human influenzaviruses as well as swineinfluenza viruses. Wheninfluenza viruses from differentspecies infect pigs, the viruses
can re-assort (i.e. swap genes)and new viruses that are a mixof swine, human and/or avianinfluenza viruses can emerge
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The 2009 flu outbreak
in humans is due to a
new strain ofinfluenza A virus
subtype H1N1 that
derives in part from
human influenza,avian influenza, and
two separate strains
of swine influenza.
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Common Influenza A Virus Genetic
Reassortment
1902: Isolation of H3N2
1918-1919: H1N1 Spanish Flu (Major PandemicInfluenza) killed more than 50 million people.
1930: Isolation of H1N1 for the first time. 1968-1969: Hong Kong Flu H3N2, killed more
than 37,000 people.
1997: Isolation of Hong Kong H1N1.
1999: Isolation of H9N2
2003-2009: Epidemic of H5N1 Avian Flu.
March 2009: Epidemic of H1N1 Swine Flu.
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Then, how does it spread?
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Close contact withinfected pigs
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Person to person transmission
through coughing or sneezing
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Touching contaminated objects
with swine flu virus
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Swine Flu cant be
transmitted by eating
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How Long Can The Virus Live
Outside The Body?
Is There a Risk From DrinkingWater?
Can H1N1 Virus Spread ThroughWater in Swimming Pools ?
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SYMPTOMS
fever lethargy
lack of appetite
Coughing
runny nose
sore throat
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea.
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Respiratoryspecimen should
be collected
within 4 to 5 daysof illness.
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How long can an infected person
spread this virusto others?
people may becontagious fromone day beforethey developsymptoms to upto 7 days after
they get sick.
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PREVENTION
Non
essential
visits tothe
affected
areasshould be
avoided
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Avoid contact with people from
the affected areas
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Wash Your Hands
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Covering mouth and nose during
sneezing and coughing
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Practice Good Health Habits
Sleep well
Be physicallyactive
Manage yourstress
Drink plenty offluids
Eat nutritiousfoods
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No vaccine available
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What should I do if I get sick?
Stay home Avoid contact
with other peopleas much as
possible
Use paracetamoland avoid asprin
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warning signs that need urgent
medical attention
Tachypnea
Cyanosis
Refusal to feed Severe weakness
Marked irritabilty
Chest pain
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Drugs Which are effective in treatment
H1N1 virus
There are four differentantiviral drugs that arelicensed for thetreatment of influenza:
Amantidine(Symmetrel)Rimantadine(Flumadine)
Oseltamivir (TAMIFLU)Zanamivir (RELENZA)
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Treatment: Oseltamivir (TAMIFLU)
75-mg capsule twiceper day for 5 days. Zanamivir (RELENZA)
Two 5-mg inhalations(10 mg total) twiceper day for 5 days
Chemoprophylaxis Oseltamivir (TAMIFLU)
75-mg capsule onceper day
Zanamivir (RELENZA)Two 5-mg inhalations(10 mg total) onceper day
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Sense,not scare
is the keyto stay
safe