RURAL AND URBAN RURAL AND URBAN TANZANIA TANZANIA Vs . 80% of the population 20% of the population
RURAL AND RURAL AND URBAN URBAN
TANZANIATANZANIA
Vs.
80% of the population
20% of the population
DISPARITIES WITHIN TANZANIA RURAL vs.. URBAN
Rural Case Study
Kigoma Region(1 million in the
region)
Urban Case Study
Dar Es Salaam(3 million in the city)
Chankele Village in Kigoma District
Main street in Dar Es Salaam
DISPARITIES IN HEALTH Health statistics 2003 - Summary of key statistics
Indicator of Health Rural Ave.Urban Ave.
Access to health services72% 99%Infant mortality rate 115/1000 45/1000Access to safe water 56% 96%Access to adequate 62% 78%sanitation
HIV and AIDS is one of Tanzania’s biggest
health concern at present – estimated at 8% of population.
A wall painting educating about HIV/AIDS.
HEALTH - RuralDispensary at Chankele Village
New dispensary built in 2003 in Bubungo Village (UNDP funding)
Basic bed in Bubungo’s new village dispensary
Very basic first aid service:•No/few drugs.•One doctor - if lucky.•Nurse - little formal training.•Not all services are free.
Most use traditional medicines
HEALTH - UrbanAga Khan Hospital building in Dar Es Salaam
Hospital sign shows available services
Aids patient in urban hospital room
• Range of services offered.• Specialised with large number of doctors and nurses.• Range of drugs available.• Only 2% use traditional doctors.• Patients are charged:$1 - $10 per day
SANITATIONIn Kigoma villages… Water collected from
either springs or village taps (tanks).
Long drop toilets. Bathing in rivers. 56% have access to
safe water.
School toilets at Bubungo Village
Women collecting water and washing clothes in Bubungo Village
Malaria is a big problem for rural people
SANITATION
In Dar Es Salaam... Water delivered via trucks. 75% have communal taps in suburbs. 20% have household taps -
(inner city National Housing). Access to flush toilets, shower/bath facilities. Ave. 95% have access to safe water.
“maji” means water in Swahili
Bathroom facilities in Dar Es Salaam inner city home
Cholera is biggest problem for Dar residents in
the wet season
DISPARITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE
ROADS
In Kigoma region…
1% of roads paved. Clay roads become
slick in wet season. Few roads connecting
villages. Damage to vehicles.
Main road linking Tanzania with Burundi
Road to hotel in Kigoma township
DISPARITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE
ROADS
In Dar Es Salaam... 45% of Roads paved. Many roads linking Dar
with other urban areas. Unaffected by wet
season. Less damage to
vehicles.
Main road leading to Dar
Road leading to University
DISPARITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE
Power and PhoneIn Kigoma villages…. 2% of population has
power in the home. 95% use Kerosene &
Wood for cooking & light. No phones in villages -
some chiefs have mobile ph.
Village hut typical kitchen
WHY?Cost to connect power to home is $300US ($300US is average yearly income in rural areas).Government has no income to invest in telephone lines and phone lines. Little maintenance on existing lines.
DISPARITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE
Power and Phone
In Dar Es Salaam… 60% have access to
power. Cell phone use is
increasing dramatically:1996 - # of cell Ph = 15,000
2003 - # of cell Ph = 227,000Cell Ph tower and powerlines are a common sight in Dar.
Small electric oven in a
poorer socio-economic area
of Dar
HOUSING In Kigoma villages... Housing mostly mud brick
and thatch roof. Ave. number of rooms = 3 Ave. number of people = 6 In wet season, homes
become damp. Generally last 10 - 50 years.
- need constant maintenance
Recently more homes are being constructed with concrete and iron roofing.
A typical home in rural Kigoma - Chankele village
Abandoned home in Chankele
Land free but mud hut can cost up to $1000NZ to build
HOUSING
In Dar Es Salaam... Housing materials longer lasting e.g.
concrete/tiles. More amenities - toilet inside.
Very western in style.
A middle class home in Dar suburbs - built by owner.
An upper class area in Dar - Oyster Bay. Full security etc
Govt. built housing in inner city.
(NBC housing)
Rent for 3 bedroom home is
60,000 Sh or $120NZ per month. This is cheap for urban area.
DISPARITIES IN EDUCATION…
Education statistics 2003 - Summary of key statistics
Highest Level of Education Rural Ave. Urban Ave.No education 30% 7%Primary School 66% 68%Secondary School 3% 17%University/Diploma 0.1% 3%Other 0.9% 5%
Secondary school costs US$60 - $300 per year. In rural areas 25% of villagers have to travel more
than 20 kilometres to nearest secondary school.
EDUCATIONRURAL AREAS 100 students per class. Lack of teachers. Some villages have no
secondary schools nearby. Most don’t pay fees.
URBAN AREAS More choice as range of
school facilities (private). More teachers. More resources as
students can afford materials/fees.Private school in Dar Es Salaam
Local school at Chankele Village
EDUCATIONRURAL AREAS No university facilities. 0.1% obtain a university
qualification. Rare to have the income
that could support a child studying at this level.
URBAN AREAS Some Universities. 3% obtain a university
qualification. Expensive – up to
US$3000 per year to attend.
The main University in Dar Es Salaam.
These universities are recognised internationally and the Govt. sponsors the brightest students to attend.
RURAL / URBAN EMPLOYMENT
What jobs do you think will earn the larger, more reliable income? Why?
Local fisherman drying his fish for market.
Owner of a Stationary Shop in Dar Es Salaam.
Brewery factory in Dar Es Salaam employs large numbers of workers.
Coffee plantation – a common crop in rural areas.
DISPARITIES IN EMPLOYMENTSummary of key ideas Rural communities based about primary
employment In Kigoma 91% work in agriculture. Urban has more secondary and tertiary jobs
In Dar Es Salaam 40% work in agriculture.
Types of paid employment common in
Tanzania include:Rural Urban
Farm labourer Sales personMechanic Taxi Driver
SecretaryAccountant
Rural people selling food and other products to travellers on trains.
In just an image can we see the difference between rural and Urban?
just look for yourself…
A group of children in Dar Es Salaam.
A group of children in Chankele Village – Kigoma Region.
What are the differences in these 2 photos – and therefore in these
children's lives?
SUMMARY OF KEY IDEAS
URBAN AREAS Wealthier Higher Literacy Better health care More developed infrastructure Better housing conditions More tertiary/secondary
employment Overall urban centres give
people higher standard of living
RURAL AREAS Poorer Lower Literacy Lower health care Little infrastructure available Poor standard of housing Only primary employment
(farming) Overall rural areas have a
lower standard of living