TANCET – 1(MBA) SECTION - I ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS SITUATIONS Directions for questions 1 – 20: This section comprises two passages. After each passage questions consisting of items relating to the preceding passage are given. Evaluate each item separately in terms of the respective passage and choose your answer PASSAGE – I (Questions 1 – 10) The Shop-O-shelf Company's supermarkets are situated in Bangalore, Coimbatore and Vellore. The company is dynamic and aggressive having grown from 8 stores ten years ago to 26 today. Kanchipuram is a town 60 miles from Vellore. It has not shown the spectacular growth of other suburbs, but its population has increased from around 56,000 to 1, 30,000 in the past decade. With no other Shop-O-Self supermarket within 20 miles of the area, Shop-O-Self Company is considering opening a store in Kanchipuram. The Arguments against: some Shop-O-Self executives oppose the project as a poor risk. They point to the proposed site, which is in a shopping centre three miles from Kanchipuram business district. Two other food chains have failed on this site because they claim; most new residences are on the other side of the community. Moreover, the shopping centre owners demand a five year lease. Shop-O-Self would have to try to find another business to take over the lease should its own store fail before the end of that time. If a Shop-O-Self market must be opened in Kanchipuram, it would be far better, these executives argue, to build it in the heart of the community. But they point out, another supermarket is already there. The Arguments for: The Majority of the executives maintain that the site has great potential. A new east-west highway is being built which will pass Kanchipuram to the north and force the car commuters to Kanchipuram to pass by the shopping centre. A housing project of 3, 000 units is going to be constructed nearby. The average household is expected to consist of five people with over Rs. 30,000 of income to dispose of annually. They also argue that the centre of Kanchipuram is now congested with traffic and has extremely poor parking facilities, while there is excellent parking in the shopping centre. Investment in a new building in Kanchipuram, proper than a five year lease should the store fail. They are not too concerned about the other supermarket in Kanchipuram. There is enough business for both. Besides, the competitor's prices are higher than shop-o-self. They also discount past supermarket failures in the shopping certre. They claim these were caused more by poor management than by the shopping centre's being slightly off the beaten path. The Decision: The board of directors listens to both sides and then votes to open a Shop-o-self store at the Kanchipuram shopping centre. 1. The residents at the projected residential development will shop in the Kanchipuram store (a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought by the decision maker (b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
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TANCET – 1(MBA)
SECTION - I
ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS SITUATIONS
Directions for questions 1 – 20:
This section comprises two passages. After each passage questions consisting of items relating
to the preceding passage are given. Evaluate each item separately in terms of the respective
passage and choose your answer
PASSAGE – I (Questions 1 – 10)
The Shop-O-shelf Company's supermarkets are situated in Bangalore, Coimbatore and Vellore.
The company is dynamic and aggressive having grown from 8 stores ten years ago to 26 today.
Kanchipuram is a town 60 miles from Vellore. It has not shown the spectacular growth of other
suburbs, but its population has increased from around 56,000 to 1, 30,000 in the past decade.
With no other Shop-O-Self supermarket within 20 miles of the area, Shop-O-Self Company is
considering opening a store in Kanchipuram.
The Arguments against: some Shop-O-Self executives oppose the project as a poor risk. They
point to the proposed site, which is in a shopping centre three miles from Kanchipuram business
district. Two other food chains have failed on this site because they claim; most new residences
are on the other side of the community.
Moreover, the shopping centre owners demand a five year lease. Shop-O-Self would have to try
to find another business to take over the lease should its own store fail before the end of that
time. If a Shop-O-Self market must be opened in Kanchipuram, it would be far better, these
executives argue, to build it in the heart of the community. But they point out, another
supermarket is already there.
The Arguments for: The Majority of the executives maintain that the site has great potential. A
new east-west highway is being built which will pass Kanchipuram to the north and force the car
commuters to Kanchipuram to pass by the shopping centre. A housing project of 3, 000 units is
going to be constructed nearby. The average household is expected to consist of five people
with over Rs. 30,000 of income to dispose of annually. They also argue that the centre of
Kanchipuram is now congested with traffic and has extremely poor parking facilities, while there
is excellent parking in the shopping centre. Investment in a new building in Kanchipuram, proper
than a five year lease should the store fail. They are not too concerned about the other
supermarket in Kanchipuram. There is enough business for both. Besides, the competitor's
prices are higher than shop-o-self. They also discount past supermarket failures in the shopping
certre. They claim these were caused more by poor management than by the shopping centre's
being slightly off the beaten path.
The Decision: The board of directors listens to both sides and then votes to open a Shop-o-self
store at the Kanchipuram shopping centre.
1. The residents at the projected residential development will shop in the Kanchipuram store
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
2. Poor management causing past supermarket failures.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
3. New east-west highway.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
4. Expansion of dynamic company.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
5. Failure of two supermarkets due to poor site selection.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
6. Establishing a new store
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
7. New housing development.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
8. Car commuters will shop at Kanchipuram supermarket.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
9. High disposable income of expected new residents.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by
the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
10. Kanchipuram's prices are lower than those of competitors.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
PASSAGE II (Questions 11 – 20)
In 1997 Mr. Deepak, a chemical engineer, began experimenting in his spare time with a new
method for processing fresh orange juice. By 2000, he had perfected the process to such an
extent that he was ready to begin production in a small way. His process enabled him to extract
18 percent more juice from oranges than was typically extracted by a pressure juicer of the type
currently used in cafes. His process also removed some of the bitterness, which got into the
juice from the peelings when oranges were squeezed without peeling them. Since many of the
better quality restaurants preferred to serve fresh orange juice instead of canned or frozen
juice, Mr. Deepak believed he could find a ready market for his product. Another appeal of his
product would be that he could maintain more consistent juice flavor than haphazard restaurant
juicing usually produced. Mr. Deepak patented the process and then started production. Since
his capital was limited, he began production in a small building, which previously had been a
woodworking shop. With the help of his brother, Mr. Deepak marketed the juice through local
restaurants. The juice was distributed in glass bottles, which proved to be rather expensive
because of high breakage. The new product was favourably accepted by the public and the
business proved to e a success. Mr. Deepak began to receive larger and more frequent orders
from his customers and their business associates. In 2002, he quit his regular job in order to
devote full time to his juice business. He soon reached his capacity because of his inability to
personally over a larger area with his pickup truck. Advertising was on a small scale because of
limited funds. Faced with the problems of glass bottle breakage and limited advertisement and
distribution, Mr. Deepak approached a regional food distributor for a solution Mr. Deepak was
offered a plan where by the distributor would advertise and distribute the product on the basis of
25 percent of gross sales. The distributor would assist Mr. Deepak in securing a loan from the
local bank to expand the production. Before he had an opportunity to contact the bank to borrow
money, Mr. Deepak was introduced to Mr. Sunil, a plastics engineer, who produced plastic
containers. Mr. Deepak mentioned his own problems in the expansion of his business. Mr. Sunil
wanted to finance expended juice production with the understanding that plastic containers
would be used for marketing the orange juice. He would lend the money interest free, but he
was to receive 40 percent of the net profits for the next ten years. Distribution and advertising
agent for 25 percent of gross sales. The principal on Mr. Sunil's invested money was to be
repaid by Mr. Deepak on a basis of 10 percent of his share of the profits. Mr. Sunil was to retain
an interest in the profits of the firm until the loan was
repaid, or at least for ten years.
Mr. Deepak's current sales were 10,000 litres of juice a month. If distribution could be
expanded, sales could be doubled, given the potential demand. Of the possible total sales of
20,000 a month, about 75 percent would be sold to large restaurants and the reminder to small
cafes and canteens. As soon as the juices were
bottled in plastic containers, sales could also be made to household consumers. Mr. Deepak
was very optimistic that sales to the final consumer through retail shops would succeed. Some
initial contacts were made with a local manager of a food chain supermarket. The manager was
sure that he could sell 4,000 litres a month through his outlets. Mr. Deepak also calculated his
potential profits. His goal was to increased sales while at the same time earning a 10 percent
rate of return on his prior capital investment in equipment and other assets. The present value
of Mr. Deepak's investment was Rs. 2,50,000. Of this sum, machinery and equipment were
valued at Rs. 1,00,000; building was worth Rs. 50,000 and his patent and know-how were
valued at Rs. 1,00,000. On the basis of this evaluation, Mr. Deepak desired a return of Rs.
25,000 above salaries and other expenses after the first year of operation. Both the regional
distributor and Mr. Sunil believed that Mr. Deepak's sales could be increased to 15,000 litres of
juice per month by the end of the first year of expanded operations. However, the extent to
which production could be expanded to meet demand depended on the availability of plastic
containers (which
would be supplied at factory cost under Mr. Sunil's proposal), and additional machinery.
Increased market coverage would be obtained both under the regional food distributor and Mr.
Sunil's proposals. The critical deciding factor, as Mr. Deepak understood, was which plan would
maximize his return on investment beyond the minimum figure of 10 percent.
11. Cost of securing a loan
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) The item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
12. High breakage rate of glass bottles.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
13. Expansion of the business
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
14. Continued demand by the public for Mr. Deepak's orange juice
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
15. Possibility of doubling sales through expanded distribution
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
16. Previous use of Mr. Deepak's building as a woodworking shop
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
17. Ten percent return of investment
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
18. Small scale of current advertising
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is, the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
19. Value of patent held by Mr. Deepak.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
20. Mr. Deepak's current level of sales.
(a) If the item is a Major Objective in making the decision: that is , the outcome or result sought
by the decision maker.
(b) If the item is a Major Factor in arriving at the decision; that is consideration, explicity
mentioned in the passage that is basic in determining the decision.
(c) If the item is a Minor Factor in making the decision: a less important element bearing on or
affecting a Major Factor, rather than a Major Objective directly.
(d) If the item is a Major Assumption made deliberately; that is a supposition or projection made
by the decision maker before considering the factors and alternatives.
(e) If the item is an unimportant issue in getting to the point; that is a factor that is insignificant or
not immediately relevant to the situation.
SECTION II
READING COMPREHENSION
Direction: This section contains two reading passages. You have to read each carefully. Each
passage is followed by questions based on its content. After reading each passage, choose the
best answer to each question. The questions are based on what is stated or implied in each
passage.
PASSAGE I (Questions 21 – 30)
The concept of "standard of living" is a wide and multifaceted one. In the absence of
comprehensive measurement, it is commonly expressed empirically in terms of consumption or
in terms of income. One of the most comprehensive expressions of standard of living is total
consumption over an extended period, where consumption is defined not only as family
purchases but also as (1) consumption of goods and
services produced by the family; (2) consumption of public services provided without payment;
and (3) consumption of goods and services received as compensation for labor, over and above
wages and salary. It may be assumed that total consumption is less subject to incidental
fluctuations than income. Moreover, it reflects not only current income but also past income and
savings, windfalls, and expectations regarding future income. Current monetary income
constitutes the main indictor for the standard of living; however, standard of living is not
determined solely by current income, but also by past income, accumulated assets and
expectations for
future income. Moreover, the standard of living of a family is influenced by the value of the
public services from which it benefits and the rate of taxes which it has to pay. In the period
under review, the standard of living of families originating from Asia and Africa improved relative
to that of all families. This improvement found expression in higher income levels, better
housing, higher
ownership rate of consumer durables and an increase in the proportion of families in higher
income brackets. However, even after the improvement in their relative position during the past
decade, their average income is still only 70% of the overall average for all families. One of the
important factors behind the income differential between families of African and Asian originals
and the rest of the populations is the level of education. In rent years the gap between these two
groups has narrowed among the younger generation, but it is still substantial. Unless the
education gap is significantly reduced between these two groups, other means employed in an
attempt to produce more income equality will be thwarted. More resources must be immediately
put to the task of improving educational opportunities
for families of African and Asian origin, without of course, reducing the education facilities and
opportunities open to the rest of the population.
21. The author defines 'standard of living' in terms of
(a) Total goods and services produced
(b) Consumption of goods and services
(c) Real income (d) Per capita income
(e) Discretionary income.
22. Which income period (s) would be included in the author's definition of 'standard of living;?
I. Past income II. Current Income III. Future income
(a) I only (b) II only (c) I and II only (d) I, II and III
(e) Neither I, II and III
23. Consumption is defined as
(a) Total family purchases
(b) Total family purchases plus goods and services produced by the family
(c) Public services provided by the state.
(d) Income minus expenditure on necessities
(e) Total family purchases plus other goods and services consumed
24. Between 1994 and 2000, average real income
(a) Remained stable
(b) Increased by about 5% annually
(c) Decreased slightly
(d) Decreased during the recession
(e) Decreased by 5% annually
25. According to the passage, between 1997 and 2000, income equality
(a) Declined among all strata
(b) Declined most significantly among lower income groups
(C) Widened between the rich and the poor strata
(d) Did not change appreciably
(e) Declined among older groups in the population.
26. The author believes that inequality of income might be narrowed if
(A) The tax structure was reformed
(b) The educational gap between different population groups was reduced
(c) More jobs could be found for people of Asian-African origin
(d) Real income increased
(e) A system of price controls was implemented
27. The standard of living of Asian - African immigrants has improved as measured by all of the
following factors except
(a) Higher income levels
(b) Better housing
(c) Increased ownership of consumer durables
(d) A shift in population centres
(e) An increased proportion of Asian - African families in higher income brackets.
28. It may be inferred that the author of the passage is an
(a) Engineer (b) Food specialist (c) Economist
(d) Bank president (e) Efficiency expert
29. Even though the income level of families of Asian - Africa origin increased relatively, their
average income is still
(a) Only about equal to that of other groups
(b) About 70 percent of the overall national average
(c) Close to the national average, but slightly below
(d) About 50 percent of the national average
(e) About 25 percent of the national average
30. Between 1997 and 2000, the standard of living of the urban population