Page 1
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
1
muR cah;epiyg;gs;sp, KUf;fk;gl;L – jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
10 - Mk; tFg;G
jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs; - topfhl;b
,ay; 1
tho;j;Jf;fSld;...
Nfh. ntq;fNlrd;
jkpohrphpah;
,dp... ntw;wpjhd;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 2
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
2
vOj;J
1. tisay; - ,r;nrhy;ypy; Ifhuk; ___ khj;jpiu Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;
tpil : xd;W
2. <w;wpy; Ifhuk; Fiwe;J te;j nrhy; _______ MFk;
tpil : jpz;iz
3. gy; + jPJ vd;gJ _________ vdg; GzUk;.
tpil : g/wPJ
4. FWf;fq;fs; Ifhuf;FWf;fk;, xsfhuf; FWf;fk; __________
Ma;jf; FWf;fk; vd ehy;tifg;gLk;
tpil : kfuf;FWf;fk;
5. ntsthy; ,r;nrhy;ypy; gapd;W tUk; FWf;fk; ahJ ?
tpil : xsfhuf; FWf;fk;
6. rhh;ngOj;Jf;fs; nkhj;jk; __________
tpil : 10
7. I - vd;Dk; vOj;Jf;Fhpa khj;jpiu
tpil : ,uz;L
8. xs - vd;Dk; vOj;Jf;Fhpa khj;jpiu
tpil : ,uz;L
9. f/wPJ - gphpj;J vOJf
tpil : fy; + jPJ
10. Ifhuk; nkhopf;F Kjypy; tUk;NghJ ngWk; khj;jpiu
tpil : xd;wiu
tpdh vz; : 1 - 5 chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf ( 5 kjpg;ngz;fs; )
tpdh vz; : 6 - 10 Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf ( 5 kjpg;ngz;fs; )
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 3
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
3
11. Ifhuk; nkhopf;F ,ilapy; tUk;NghJ ngWk; khj;jpiu
tpil : xd;W
12. xsfhuk; nkhopf;F Kjypy; tUk;NghJ ngWk; khj;jpiu
tpil : xd;wiu
13. nkhopf;F Kjypy; kl;Lk; tUk; FWf;fk;
tpil : xsfhuf; FWf;fk;
14. kfuf; FWf;fj;jpw;F khj;jpiu
tpil : fhy;
15. Ma;jf; FWf;fj;jpw;F khj;jpiu
tpil : fhy;
16. Nghd;k;> kUz;k; vt;tiff; FWf;fk; ?
tpil : kfuf; FWf;fk;
17. tUk; tz;b vt;tiff; FWf;fk; ?
tpil : kfuf; FWf;fk;
18. jiytd; - ,J vt;tiff; FWf;fk; ?
tpil : Ifhuf; FWf;fk;
19. nrhy;Yf;F ,ilapYk; filapYk; tuhj FWf;fk;
tpil : xsfhuf; FWf;fk;
20. f/wPJ> K/BJ vt;tiff; FWf;fk; ?
tpil : Ma;jf; FWf;fk;
21. nrhy; ________ tifg;gLk;
tpil : ehd;F
22. nkhop _________ tifg;gLk;
tpil : %d;W
23. njhlh; nkhopf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : glk; ghh;j;jhd;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 4
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
4
24. xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; jUtJ
tpil : jdpnkhop
25. njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;
tpil : tpidr; nrhy;
26. tpidKw;W _________ , _________ vd ,Utifg;gLk;
tpil : njhpepiy> Fwpg;G
27. xU vr;r tpid ____ nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk;
tpil : ngaiuf;
28. jdpnkhopf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : kdpjd;> kuk;> fz;
29. nghJnkhopf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : me;jkhd;> itif> gyif
30. njhpepiy tpidKw;Wf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : cOjhd;
31. Kw;Wg; ngwhj tpidr; nrhy; _______ vdg;gLk;
tpil : vr;rk;
32. njhpepiy nganur;rk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : te;j igad;
33. Fwpg;G nganur;rk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : ey;y igad;
34. Kw;Wg; ngwhj tpidr; nrhy;
tpil : tpidnar;rk;
35. tpidnar;rk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : gbj;J te;jhd;
36. Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : nky;y Ngrpdhd;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 5
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
5
37. tpidKw;W vr;rg; nghUspy; te;J kw;nwhU tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L KbtJ
tpil : Kw;nwr;rk;
38. KUfd; gbj;jdd; Njwpdd; vd;gJ
tpil : Kw;nwr;rk;
39. vOj;J> nrhy; ,uz;bYk; nrhy;yhj nra;jpfisr; nrhy;YtJ
tpil : nghJ
40. ,stofd; te;jhd; - ,J vj;njhlh; ?
tpil : ntspg;gil
41. khL vd;Dk; nrhy;
tpil : m/wpizg; nghJ
42. khL fd;iw <d;wJ - ,j;njhlhpy; khL vd;gJ
tpil : gR
43. fy;> kz; vd;gJ
tpil : ntspg;gilr; nrhw;fs;
44. NrhW cz;lhd; vd;gJ
tpil : ,dq;Fwpj;jy;
45. nra;Aspy; xU nrhy; ,uz;L> %d;W> ehd;F Kiw mLf;fp tUtJ
tpil : mLf;Fj; njhlh;
46. nghUl;rpwg;Gf;fhf xU nghUisf; Fwpf;fg; gy nrhw;fs; tUtJ
tpil : xUnghUl;gd;nkhop
47. xUnghUl;gd;nkhopf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : kPkpir
48. xU nrhy; ,UKiw mLf;fpte;J xyp xspf;Fwpg;Gg; nghUs; jUtJ
tpil : ,ul;ilf;fpstp
49. gphpj;jhy; nghUs; jUtJ
tpil : mLf;Fj; njhlh;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 6
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
6
50. gphpj;jhy; nghUs; juhjJ
tpil : ,ul;ilf;fpstp
51. tpiuT> mr;rk;> ntFsp> kfpo;r;rp Kjypa nghUs; gw;wp tUtJ
tpil : mLf;Fj; njhlh;
52. mir epiyahfNt tUtJ
tpil : ,ul;ilf;fpstp
53. Fwpg;ghy; xUghiy ePf;fp kw;nwhUghiy Rl;LtJ
tpil : xd;nwhop nghJr;nrhy;
54. Ith; NghUf;Fr; nrd;wdh; - ,jpy; Ith; vd;w nrhy; Fwpg;gJ
tpil : Mz;
55. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; mike;j nrhy;
tpil : ntw;wpiy nkd;whd;
56. kfpo;r;rp fhuzkhf te;j mLf;Fj; njhlh;
tpil : tUf tUf
57. xUtUf;F mr;rk; fhuzkhf te;j mLf;Fj; njhlh;
tpil : ghk;G ghk;G
58. tpdh vj;jid tifg;gLk; ?
tpil : MW
59. ,g;ghly; nghUs; ahJ ? vd Mrphpah; khzthplk; tpdTk; tpdh
tpil : mwptpdh
60. ,g;ghly; nghUs; ahJ ? vd khztd; Mrphpahplk; tpdhTjy;
tpil : mwpah tpdh
61. mq;Nf fplg;gJ ghk;Ngh ? fapNwh ?
tpil : Ia tpdh
62. gUg;G cs;sNjh ? vd tzpfhplk; tpdTk; tpdh
tpil : nfhsy; tpdh
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 7
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
7
63. khzth;fNs! cq;fSf;Fr; rPUil ,y;iyNah ? vd tpdTtJ
tpil : nfhil tpdh
64. Mrphpah; khztdplk; kdg;ghlr; nra;Aisg; gbj;jhah ? vd tpdTtJ
tpil : Vty; tpdh
65. nrd;idf;F top ahJ ? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F ,J vd;W $WtJ
tpil : Rl;L tpil
66. filf;Fr; nrd;W tUthah ? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F ‘nry;Ntd;’ vd;gJ
tpil : Neh; tpil
67. ,jidr; nra;thah ? vdpy; ‘ePNa nra;’ vd;gJ
tpil : Vty; tpil
68. cz;lhah ? vdpy; ‘tapW typf;Fk;’ vd;gJ
tpil : cWtJ $wy;
69. tUthah ? vdpy; ‘thNud;’ vd;gJ
tpil : kiw tpil
70. xU nghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; nrhw;fis ______ vd;gh;
tpil : xUnghUl; gd;nkhop
71. xUnghUl; gd;nkhopf;Fr; rhd;W
tpil : Xq;fpAah;e;j
72. Mlj; njhpAkh ? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;Fg; ‘ghlj; njhpAk;’ vdf; $WtJ
tpil : ,dnkhop tpil
73. ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh? vdf; filf;fhuhplk; Nfl;gJ
tpil : nfhsy; tpdh
74. nra;thah ? vd;w tpdhtpw;F ‘if typf;Fk;’ vd;W $WtJ
tpil : cWtJ $wy;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 8
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
8
ctk cUG vLj;J vOJf
75. fpsp Nghy Ngrpdhs;
tpil : Nghy
76. Nta;Giu Njhs;
tpil : Giua
77. jnahg;gg; NgRk; kfs;
tpil : xg;g
78. KoT cwo; jlf;if
tpil : cwo
79. kyud;d Nrtb
tpil : md;d
ctik cUtfk; 80. mKjnkhop - nkhopaKJ
81. faw;fz; - fz;fay;
82. Njd;jkpo; - jkpo;j;Njd;
83. G+tpuy; - tpuy;G+
84. kjpKfk; - Kfkjp
85. kyub - mbkyu;
86. Kj;Jg;gy; - gy;Kj;J
87. tpw;GUtk; - GUttpy;
88. kyh;g;ghjk; - ghjkyh;
89. gtstha; - tha;g;gtsk;
90. Njd;nkhop - nkhopj;Njd;
91. fdptha; - tha;f;fdp
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 9
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
9
92. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg; ngaNuhL gpw jpirfs; te;J NrUk;NghJ
tpil : epiynkhop <Wk; nka;Ak; ePq;Fk;
93. Nkw;F + ehL - vd;gJ ________ vd NrUk;.
tpil : Nky;ehL> NkdhL
94. fUik + Fop = _______ vDk; tpjpg;gb GzUk;.
tpil : <W Nghjy; , ,dkpfy;
95. mb mfuk; I Mjy; - vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : igq;$o;
96. MjpePly; - vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : %J}h;
97. ,dkpfy; - vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : fUk;gyif
98. jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; - vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tpil : ntw;wpiy
99. Gzh;r;rp _________ tifg;gLk;.
tpil : ,uz;L
100. gz;Gg; ngah; Gzh;rprp tpjpfs;
tpil : VO
101. fpof;F + ehL _______ vdg; GzUk;
tpil : fPo;ehL
102. tlfpof;F ,r;nrhy;ypy; mike;Js;s Gzh;r;rp vJ ?
tpil : jpirg; ngah; Gzh;r;rp
103. kuNth; vd;gJ _______ tpfhuk;
tpil : nfLjy;
104. mfk;> Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ,yf;fzk; Mfk;
tpil : nghUs;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 10
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
10
105. FwpQ;rp Ky;iy Kjypa Ie;Jk; _______ vdg;gLk;
tpil : md;gpd; Ie;jpiz
106. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa epyg;gFjp gFjpahFk;.
tpil : flYk; fly; rhh;e;j ,lKk;
107. ahkk; vd;gJ ,uT 10 kzp Kjy; ____ tiu MFk;.
tpil : 2 kzp
108. ahkk; ,r;rpW nghOJ vj;jpizf;FhpaJ ?
tpil : FwpQ;rp
109. kUjk;>nea;jy; Mfpa ,uz;lDf;Fk; __ ngUk;nghOJfSk; tUk;
tpil : MW
110. jpUkhy; ______ epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk;
tpil : Ky;iy
111. kzKoh> ney;yhpfpiz Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ___ jpizf;Fhpa giwfs;
tpil : kUjk;
112. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa njhopy;
tpil: kPd; gpbj;jy;> cg;G tpisj;jy;
113. nghUs; ,yf;fzk; ________ tifg;gLk;.
tpil : ,uz;L
114. mfj;jpizfs; _______ tifg;gLk;.
tpil : VO
115. khh;fop> ij Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ______ fhyj;jpw;Fhpad.
tpil: Kd;gdpf; fhyk;
116. kUj epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk;
tpil : ,e;jpud;
117. ghiy epyj;jpw;Fhpa gwitfs;
tpil : Gwh> gUe;J
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 11
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
11
118. FwpQ;rp epyj;jpw;Fhpa tpyq;F
tpil : Gyp> fub
119. Ky;iy epyj;jpw;Fhpa tpyq;F
tpil : Kay;> khd;
120. kUj epyj;jpw;Fhpa tpyq;F
tpil : vUik> ePh;eha;
121. nea;jy; epyj;jpw;Fhpa tpyq;F
tpil : Kjiy> Rwh
122. Kjw;nghUs; ________ tifg;gLk;
tpil : ,uz;L
123. nghOJ _______ tifg;gLk;.
tpil : ,uz;L
124. ngUk;nghOJ ______ tifg;gLk;.
tpil : MW
125. ez;gfy; vd;gJ ______ jpizf;Fhpa nghOJ.
tpil : ghiy
126. itfiw ,r;rpWnghOJ vj;jpizf;FhpaJ ?
tpil : kUjk;
127. flYk; fly; rhh;e;j ,lk;
tpil : nea;jy;
128. khiy vd;gJ vj;jpizf;Fhpa rpWnghOJ ?
tpil : Ky;iy
129. Gwj;jpizfs; ________ tifg;gLk;
tpil : 12
130. epiu fth;jy; vd;gJ
tpil : ntl;rp
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 12
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
12
131. kz;zhir fUjpg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ
tpil : tQ;rpj; jpiz
132. ghlhz; jpiz vd;gJ _________ $WtJ
tpil : Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfs;
133. xUjiyf; fhkk; vd;gJ
tpil : iff;fpis
134. jd;ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wte;j khw;wurNdhL vjph;j;Jg; NghhpLtJ
_________ MFk;
tpil : fhQ;rp
135. ntw;wp ngw;w kd;did Gfo;e;J ghLtJ
tpil : ghlhz; jpiz
136. cyF vd;Dk; nrhy; ntz;ghtpd; <w;wbapy; <w;Wr; rPuhapd;
mjd; tha;ghL _________ MFk; .
tpil : gpwg;G
137. ey;yit ,r;nrhy;iy myfpl;lhy; _______ vdg; gphpAk;.
tpil : Neh; epiu
138. Nehpirahrphpag;ghtpd; <w;wayb _________ vd tUk;.
tpil : Kr;rPuha;
139. Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;Wr;rPh; __________ KbtJ rpwg;G.
tpil : Vfhuj;jpy;
140. Nehpir ntz;gh ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;W
_______ tpfw;gj;jhDk; ________ tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUk;
tpil : xU> ,U
141. ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr; nrhy; ngw;Wg; gy tpfw;gj;jhd;
tUtJ _________ MFk;.
tpil : ,d;dpir ntz;gh
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 13
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
13
142. ntz;ghtpd; Xir ________ MFk;.
tpil : nrg;gNyhir
143. Mrphpag;ghtpd; NtW ngah; ________ MFk;.
tpil : mftw;gh
144. Mrphpag;ghtpd; Xir ________ MFk;.
tpil : mftNyhir
145. tUf - ,r;nrhy;ypd; gFjp
tpil : th
146. nra; - vd;w nrhy;ypd; tpidnar;rk;
tpil : nra;J
147. gz;Gj;njhif gapd;W te;Js;s nrhw;nwhliu vOJf
tpil : fUq;Fjpiu
148. epfo;fhy ,ilepiy mike;Js;s tpidKw;W
tpil : tUfpwhs;
149. ck;ikj; njhifia Njh;e;njL
tpil : ,uTgfy; / jha; Nra;
150. xUnghUl; gd;nkhopia Njh;e;njL
tpil : eLikak;
151. mg;gb> ,g;gb> vg;gb vd;Dk; nrhw;fspy; gpd; ty;ypdk; _____
tpil : kpFk;
152. tpidj; njhif gapd;W te;Js;s nrhw;nwhlh;
tpil : nra;njhopy; / R+o;foy;
153. ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy mike;Js;s tpidKw;W
tpil : te;jhd;
154. ctikj; njhif gapd;W te;Js;s nrhw;nwhlh;
tpil : Njd;jkpo; / kjpKfk;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 14
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
14
155. njhpepiyg; nganur;rj;ij Njh;e;njL
tpil : te;jigad;
156. XnuOj;J xUnkhop Njh;e;njL
tpil : G+
157. te;jhd; ,r;nrhy;ypd; __________ vd tUk;NghJ
tpidnar;rkhFk;
tpil : te;J
158. Nfl;l - ,r;nrhy;ypd; gFjp
tpil : Nfs;
159. vjph;fhy ,ilepiy mike;Js;s tpidKw;W
tpil : tUthd;
160. nrWeh; nrUf;F - ,jpy; gapd;W te;Js;s Ntw;Wikj; njhif
tpil : Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif
161. ebj;jhh; - ,t;tpidKw;wpd; gFjp
tpil : eb
162. khkiy - ,J vj;njhlUf;Fr; rhd;whFk; ?
tpil : chpr;nrhy; njhlh;
163. ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy mike;Js;s tpidKw;W
tpil : te;jhd;
164. epfo;fhy ,ilepiy mike;Js;s tpidKw;W
tpil : tUfpwhd;
165. vjph;fhy ,ilepiy mike;Js;s tpidKw;W
tpil : tUthd;
166. vjph;fhy ,ilepiy mike;Js;s tpidKw;W
tpil : nra;thd;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 15
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
15
RUf;fkhf tpilasp
1. ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;wDf;F rhd;W jUf
tpil : XnuOj;J xU nkhopapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;
g+ + $il = G+f;$il
ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;wDf;F rhd;W jUf
tpil : ,ul;ilf; fpstpapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ
glgl
2. tpidKw;iw gFjp tpidnar;rk; nganur;rkhf khw;Wjy;
tpidKw;W gFjp tpidnar;rk; nganur;rk;
ngw;whd; ngW ngw;W ngw;w
gbj;jhd; gb gbj;J gbj;j
nrd;whd; nry; nrd;W nrd;w
fz;lhd; fhz; fz;L fz;l
Nfl;lhd; Nfs; Nfl;L Nfl;l
3. thf;fpa khw;wk;
(i) ,sikapy; fy; - ,j;njhliu nra;jpj; njhluhf;Ff
tpil : ,sikapy; fw;f Ntz;Lk;.
(ii) jpdKk; jpUf;Fws; gbf;fpwhah ? - ,J vt;tif thf;fpak;
tpil : tpdh thf;fpak;
(iii) jpUf;Fws; gb - ,j;njhliu nra;jpj; njhluhf khw;Wf
tpil : jpUf;Fwisg; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(iv) jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwpth; - tpdhj;njhluhf khw;Wf
tpil : jpUf;Fwis mwpahjhh; ahh; ?
tpdh vz; : 11 - 20 ( 10 kjpg;ngz;fs; )
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 16
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
16
(v) ,kakiy kpfTk; caukhdJ – czh;r;rp njhluhf khw;Wf
tpil : vd;Nd! ,kakiyapd; cauk; !
(vi) fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lJ – czh;r;rp njhluhf khw;Wf
tpil : me;Njh! fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lNj!
(vii) New;W Gay; tPrpaJ kuq;fs; rha;e;jd – fyitj; njhluhf khw;Wf
tpil : New;W Gay; tPrpajhy; kuq;fs; rha;e;jd.
(viii) mwk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; - fl;lis thf;fpakhf khw;Wf
tpil : mwk; nra;
(ix) Kaw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk; - fl;lis thf;fpakhf khw;Wf
tpil : Kaw;rp nra;
(x) ,irapd; ,dpikia midtUk; mwpth; - tpdh thf;fpakhf
khw;Wf
tpil : ,irapd; ,dpikia midtUk; mwptuh?
(xi) ts;Stiu midtUk; mwpth; - tpdh thf;fpakhf khw;Wf
tpil : ts;Stiu midtUk; mwptuh?
(xii) Kad;why; KbahjJk; cz;Nlh ? – nra;jp thf;fpakhf khw;Wf
tpil : Kad;why; KbahjJ ,y;iy.
(xiii) mwk; nra; - nra;jp thf;fpakhf khw;Wf
tpil : mwk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;
4. xUik gd;ik ePf;Ff
(i) fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gyth;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jhd;
tpil : fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gyth;f;F kd;dUk;
gzpe;jdh;
(ii) ngz;fs; ngw Ntz;baJ ngz;fy;tp ngz;Zhpik nrhj;Jhpik
tpil : ngz;fs; ngw Ntz;bad ngz;fy;tp ngz;Zhpik
nrhj;Jhpik
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 17
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
17
(iii) ,g;NghJ mth; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jJ
tpil : ,g;NghJ mth; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jd.
(iv) taJ te;Njhh;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; thf;Fhpik nfhLf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lnkd mk;Ngj;fh; $wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jJ.
tpil : taJ te;Njhh;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; thf;Fhpik
nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd mk;Ngj;fh; $wpaij
ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jd.
(v) Gyth;fs; nghq;fw; GJehs;fspd; khz;gpid czh;e;J nfhz;lhbdhh;
tpil : Gyth;fs; nghq;fw; GJehspd; khz;gpid czh;e;J
nfhz;lhbdh;
(vi) Nkilg;Ngr;Rf;F fUj;JfNs caph;ehb Nghd;wJ.
tpil : Nkilg;Ngr;Rf;F fUj;JfNs caph;ehb Nghd;wit.
(vii) <];l;kd; vd;ghh; glr;RUs; jahhpf;Fk; Kiwia fz;Lgpbj;jdh;.
tpil : <];l;kd; vd;ghh; glr;RUs; jahhpf;Fk; Kiwia
fz;Lgpbj;jhh;.
(viii) ,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghh;f;fpd;wJ.
tpil : ,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg;
ghh;f;fpd;wdh;
(ix) jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpig;glk; fhl;l xsp xypg; glf;fUtp vd;w
fUtp gad;gLfpd;wd.
tpil : jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpig;glk; fhl;l xsp xypg; glf;fUtp
vd;w fUtp gad;gLfpd;wJ.
(x) ekJ rKjhaj;jpy; mwptpaYk; njhopy;El;gKk; Mq;fhq;F
xspgug;Gk; kpd;tpsf;Ffs; Nghy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
tpil : ekJ rKjhaj;jpy; mwptpaYk; njhopy;El;gKk;
Mq;fhq;F xspgug;Gk; kpd;tpsf;Ffs; Nghy; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
(xi) ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; XlhJ
tpil : ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; Xlh
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 18
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
18
(xii) Xh; mzpy; kuj;jpy; Vwpd
tpil : Xh; mzpy; kuj;jpy; VwpaJ
(xiii) ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J my;y
tpil : ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J md;W
(xiv) fhtphpg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; thzpfg; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jJ.
tpil : fhtphpg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; thzpfg; nghUs;fs; kz;bf;
fple;jd.
(xv) jkpoh;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jd.
tpil : jkpoh;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg;
ngw;wpUe;jJ.
(xvi) Xh; ,sk;ngz; E}nyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.
tpil : Xh; ,sk;ngz; E}nyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
(xvii) kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cah;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk;
,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; Nghjh.
tpil : kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cah;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk;
,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ.
(xviii) . ngz;fs; vy;yhj; JiwapYk; gzpGhpfpd;whs;
tpil : ngz;fs; vy;yhj; JiwapYk; gzpGhpfpd;whh;fs;
(xix) jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sJ.
tpil : jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs;
cs;sd.
(xx) gbj;J Kbj;jtUf;F mtuth; jFjpf;Nfw;g cs;ehl;bYk;
ntspehl;bYk; gzpGhpAk; tha;g;Gfs; cs;sJ.
tpil : gbj;J Kbj;jtUf;F mtuth; jFjpf;Nfw;g
cs;ehl;bYk; ntspehl;bYk; gzpGhpAk; tha;g;Gfs;
cs;sd.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 19
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
19
(xxi) tFg;giw E}yfj;jpy; khzth;fspd; tajpw;Fk; kdepiyf;Fk;
Vw;g mwpTrhh; E}y;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ
tpil : tFg;giw E}yfj;jpy; khzth;fspd; tajpw;Fk;
kdepiyf;Fk; Vw;g mwpTrhh; E}y;fs; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;sd.
(xxii) mtd; ftpQd; my;y
tpil : mtd; ftpQd; my;yd;
5. re;jpg;gpio ePf;fp vOJf
(i) midj;J JiwfspYk; Mz;fisNghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muR
gzp nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tpil : midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; Mz;fisg;NghyNt
ngz;fSf;Fk; muRg; gzp nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(ii) MSk; mwpTk; tsh;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;if gazkhk;
tpil : MSk; mwpTk; tsh;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;ifg;
gazkhk;
(iii) Mrphpah; ngaiu jk; ngaUld; Nrh;j;J gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fhuhf
khwpdhh;.
tpil : Mrphpah; ngaiuj; jk; ngaUld; Nrh;j;J gPkhuht;
mk;Ngj;fhuhf khwpdhh;.
(iv) ViofSf;F nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;W je;jhh;
tpil : ViofSf;Fg; nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;Wj;
je;jhh;
(v) Nkil Ngr;R kpFe;j gaid juty;yJ
tpil : Nkilg; Ngr;R kpFe;j gaidj; juty;yJ
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 20
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
20
(vi) kf;fis ,yl;rpa ghh;itapNy mioj;J nry;Yk;
td;ikAilaNj NkilNgr;R
tpil : kf;fis ,yl;rpa ghh;itapNy mioj;Jr; nry;Yk;
td;ikAilaNj Nkilg;Ngr;R
(vii) jpiuglk; vLf;f gad;gLk; glRUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk;
nghUshy; MdJ.
tpil : jpiug;glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; glr;RUs; nry;Yyha;L
vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ
(viii) jpiuglk; kf;fis jd;ghy; <h;j;J fl;b Nghl ty;yJ.
tpil : jpiug;glk; kf;fis jd;ghy; <h;j;Jf; fl;bg; Nghl
ty;yJ.
(ix) kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuG nry;tkhf jkpo;nkhop tpsq;FfpwJ.
tpil : kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuGr; nry;tkhfj; jkpo;nkhop
tpsq;FfpwJ
(x) jkpopy; tuyhw;W fUj;JfisAk; gz;ghl;L $WfisAk; fhz KbAk;.
tpil : jkpopy; tuyhw;Wf ; fUj;JfisAk; gz;ghl;Lf;
$WfisAk; fhz KbAk;.
(xi) ts;syhh; mUspa topfis filgpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.
tpil : ts;syhh; mUspa topfisf; filg;gpbj;J xOfpdhy;
kdpjNeak; kyUk;.
(xii) mwpT xspngw mq;Nf Nrhjp jhprd GJikia GFj;jpdhh;
tpil : mwpT xspngw mq;Nf Nrhjp jhprdg; GJikiag;
GFj;jpdhh;
(xiii) ifnjhopy; xd;iw fw;W nfhs;
tpil : ifj;njhopy; xd;iwf; fw;Wf ; nfhs;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 21
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
21
(xiv) ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ij nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk; fly;
fle;J nry;y $lhnjdTk; $wp te;jdh;
tpil : ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ijg ; nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk; fly; fle;Jr; nry;yf; $lhnjdTk; $wp te;jdh;
(xv) chpikf;Fuy; nfhLj;j ey;Nyhh;fis jhd; ehk; rPh;jpUj;jr;
nrk;ky;fs; vd rpe;ij kfpog; ghuhl;LfpNwhk;.
tpil : chpikf;Fuy; nfhLj;j ey;Nyhh;fisj; jhd; ehk;
rPh;jpUj;jr; nrk;ky;fs; vd rpe;ij kfpog;
ghuhl;LfpNwhk;.
(xvi) fapw;Wfl;bypy; jd;id kwe;J cwq;fpdhd;.
tpil : fapw;Wf;fl;bypy; jd;id kwe;J cwq;fpdhd;.
6. ,yf;fz Fwpg;G jUf
1. gz;Gj; njhif
1. ey;nyhOf;fk;
2. jPnahOf;fk;
3. mUtpid
4. ngUk;ngah;
5. Gd;fz;
6. mUk;ngwy; Gjy;td;
7. ngUq;Fb
8. fLq;Nfhy;
9. jz;lsp
10. nrq;Nfhyd;
11. ed;nkhop
12. ed;fyk;
13. nre;jkpo;
14. neLehtha;
15. neLePh;
16. ed;Djy;
17. nkd;fz;
18. mUtpiy
19. ew;fwpfs;
20. ,d;dKjk;
21. xz;nghUs;
22. vz;nghUs;
23. ew;rq;F
24. ntz;Fio
25. nts;nsapW
26. ngUq;fphp
27. nrq;fjph;
28. ngUQ;rpuk;
29. jpz;bwy;
30. fUq;Fjpiu
31. nrq;fly;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 22
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
22
2. tpidj;njhif
1. cFePh;
2. R+o;foy;
3. nra;nfhy;yd;
4. nra;tpid
5. nghq;Ffly;
6. <d;Fotp
7. nghopjUkzp
8. gidjUkzp
9. tUGdy;
10. epjpjU ftpif
11. MLnfhb
12. ghAk;Gyp
13. CWfha;
14. nra;njhopy;
15. tpLfdp
16. cah;Fb
3. <Wnfl;l vjph;kiw nganur;rk;
1. va;jhg; gop
2. gopapy;yh kd;dd;
3. gluhg; gQ;rt
4. mlq;fhg; gfe;Jkzp
5. Njuh kd;dh
6. Vrhr; rpwg;gpd;
7. jPuhf; fhjyd;
8. ngha;ah tpsf;fk;
9. nrynthopah top
10. thuhg; nghUshf;fk;
11. kPsh Ms;
12. ngha;ah tpsf;F
13. khwh ,sik
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 23
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
23
ck;ikj; njhif
1. ntw;wpiy ghf;F
2. ,uT gfy;
3. jha; je;ij
4. rpuKfk;
5. jha;Nra;
6. NkLgs;sk;
ctikj; njhif
1. kjpKfk;
2. Njd;jkpo;
3. mKjnkhop
4. faw;fz;
5. G+tpuy;
6. kyub
7. Kj;Jg;gy;
8. tpw;GUtk;
9. kyh;g;ghjk;
xU nghUl; gd;nkhop
1. Xq;fp cah;e;j
2. Fop jho;e;J
3. eLikak;
4. kPkpir
5. cah;Njhq;fpa
7. tOTr; nrhy; ePf;fp vOJf
(i) tyJ gf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj
tpil : tyg; gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj
(ii) ,d;df;fp xUfpNyh mtuf;fh thq;fp te;Njd;.
tpil : ,d;iwf;F xUfpNyh mtiuf;fha; thq;fp te;Njd;.
(iii) Mj;jq;fiu mUfhikapy; ehfhPfk; Njhd;wpaJ
tpil : Mw;wq;fiu mUfpy; ehfhpfk; Njhd;wpaJ.
(iv) mtd; tPz;rpyT nra;fpwhd;
tpil : mtd; tPz;nryT nra;fpwhd;
(v) fhj;jhNy gbr;rh kdrpy epw;Fk;
tpil : fhiyapy; gbj;jhy; kdjpy; epw;Fk;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 24
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
24
(vi) ,J nghJ topay;y
tpil : ,J nghJ topad;W
t*cr; nrhy; - jpUe;jpa nrhy;
1. xUts; - xUj;jp
2. Flf;$yp - Fbf;$yp
3. Kaw;rpj;jhh; - Kad;whh;
4. ntd;dPh; - nte;ePh;
5. vz;iz - vz;nza;
6. rpfg;G - rptg;G
7. jhthuk; - jho;thuk;
8. Nfhh;it - Nfhit
9. tyJgf;fk; - tyg;gf;fk;
t*cr; nrhy; - jpUe;jpa nrhy;
10. ,lJgf;fk; - ,lg;gf;fk;
11. Ngud; - ngaud;
12. jyfhzp - jiyaiz
13. mz;zhf;fapW -
miuQhz;fapW
14. eQ;ir - ed;nra;
15. mlkio - milkio
16. &gh - c&gh
8. epWj;jw; Fwp ,l;L vOJf
(i) rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;it tho;Nthk; rl;lk;
ek;ik fhf;Fk;
tpil : rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk;; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;it
tho;Nthk;; rl;lk; ek;ik fhf;Fk.;
(ii) fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkd;wp fUj;Jg;glq;fs; nra;jpg;glq;fs;
tpsf;fg;glq;fs; fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsh;r;rp epiyfis
jpiug;glj;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ.
tpil : fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkd;wp fUj;Jg;glq;fs;,
nra;jpg;glq;fs;, tpsf;fg;glq;fs;, fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg;
gy tsh;r;rp epiyfis jpiug;glj;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 25
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
25
(iii) njhiyf;fhl;rp Fsp&l;Lk;fUtp nry;Ngrp fzpdp Kjypatw;iw
gOJghh;f;Fk; gbg;GfSk; cs;sd.
tpil : njhiyf;fhl;rp, Fsp&l;Lk;fUtp, nry;Ngrp, fzpdp
Kjypatw;iw gOJghh;f;Fk; gbg;GfSk; cs;sd.
(iv) mg;ngz;zpd; tuyhw;iw ahdwpNtd; vd;W Nfhtyd; fz;zfp
tuyhw;iw RUf;fkhf $wpdhh;.
tpil : “mg;ngz;zpd; tuyhw;iw ahdwpNtd;”, vd;W
Nfhtyd; fz;zfp tuyhw;iw RUf;fkhf $wpdhh;.
(v) kUj;Jtk; nghwpapay; rl;lk; Ntshz;ik Kjypad
njhopw;fy;tpj; Jiwfshk;.
tpil : kUj;Jtk;, nghwpapay;, rl;lk;, Ntshz;ik Kjypad
njhopw;fy;tpj; Jiwfshk;.
(vi) Xl;Leh; elj;Jeh; Kjyhd gzpfSf;F clw;$W
jFjpAilath;fs; kl;LNk Nru ,aYk;
tpil : Xl;Leh;, elj;Jeh; Kjyhd gzpfSf;F clw;$W
jFjpAilath;fs; kl;LNk Nru ,aYk;.
9. kuGj; njhlh; tpsf;Fjy;
1. Mfhaj;jhkiu - ,y;yhj xd;W
2. Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gaph; - ePz;lfhyj;jpw;FhpaJ
3. vLg;ghh; ifgps;is - jd; rpe;jidapd;wp
nrhy;gth; Ngr;ir
Nfl;gth;
4. Vl;L Riuf;fha;fwpf;FjthJ - gl;lwptpy;yhj gbg;gwpT
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 26
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
26
5. Kjiyf; fz;zPh; - ngha; mOif
6. mtiyepidj;J
cuiy ,bj;jy; - vz;zKk; nraYk;
xj;jtuhik
7. mtru FLf;if - vz;zpj; Jzpahjhh;
8. fk;gp ePl;ly; - nrhy;ypf; nfhs;shky;
nry;Yjy;
9. jhsk; NghLjy; - vij nrhd;dhYk; mg;gbNa
Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;
10. fhdy; ePh; - ,Ug;gJ Nghy; Njhd;Wk;
Mdhy; ,y;iy
11. gQ;rha;g; gwj;jy; - miye;J jphpjy;
12. Fl;br;Rth; - gadpd;wp ,Uj;jy;
13. nfhl;basj;jy; - kpFjpahf NgRjy;
14. thioab thioahf - guk;giu guk;giuahf
15. nfhbf; fl;bg; gwj;jy; - jdpg; GfNohL tpsq;Fjy;
16. rPl;L fpope;J tpl;lJ - Ntiy Ngha;tpl;lJ
17. fapW jphpj;jy; - ngha; nrhy;Yjy;
10. njhifr; nrhy;iy tphpj;J vOJjy;
1. ehdpyk; - FwpQ;rp, Ky;iy, kUjk; , nea;jy;
2. ehw;wpir - fpof;F, Nkw;F, tlf;F, njw;F
3. Ik;Gyd; - njhLczh;T, cz;zy; , caph;j;jy; , fhzy;, Nfl;ly;
4. Ik;nghwp - nka; , tha; , %f;F, fz; , nrtp
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 27
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
27
5. Kf;fdp - kh, gyh, thio
6. ,Utpid - ey;tpid, jPtpid
7. ,U jpiz - cah;jpiz, m/wpiz
8. Kj;jkpo; - ,ay; , ,ir, ehlfk;
9. Kg;ghy; - mwk; , nghUs; , ,d;gk;
10. %tplk; - jd;ik, Kd;dpiy, glh;f;if
11. %Nte;jh; - Nru, Nrho, ghz;bah;
12. Ie;jpiz - FwpQ;rp, Ky;iy, kUjk,; nea;jy; ,
ghiy
13. Ik;ghy; - Mz;ghy; , ngz;ghy; , gyh;ghy; , xd;wd;ghy; , gytpd;ghy;
14. gpwnkhopr; nrhy;Yf;Fhpa jkpo;r; nrhy;iy vOJf
1. N\j;jpuq;fs;NjhWk; nrd;W tpf;fpuq;fis topgLf
tpil : Gdpjj; jyq;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W nja;tr;rpiyfis
topgLf
2. ,k;khh;f;fj;jpy; ahj;jpiu nry;Yq;fs;
tpil : ,g;ghijapy; gazk; nry;Yq;fs;
3. ,e;j \h;l; kpfTk; fh];l;ypahdJ
tpil : ,e;j rl;il kpfTk; tpiy cah;e;jJ
4. ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nkl;rpy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf tpd; nra;Ak;
tpil : ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpah
fz;bg;ghf ntw;wp ngWk;.
5. ehd; ,e;j fhNy[pd;; Xy;l; ];^lz;l;
tpil : ehd; ,e;j fy;Y}hpapd; gioa khztd;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 28
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
28
6. Ntyd; Ranjhopypy; mjpf ,yhgk; <l;bdhd;
tpil : Ntyd; Ranjhopypy; mjpf tUkhdk; <l;bdhd;
7. me;j tpQ;Qhdpapd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ.
tpil : me;j mwptpay; mwpQhpd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk;
GJikahdJ.
8. midtiuAk; cz;zhtpuj Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhs;SkhW
jiyth; miog;G tpLj;jhh;.
tpil : midtiuAk; cz;zhNehd;G Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
fye;Jnfhs;SkhW jiyth; miog;G tpLj;jhh;.
9. mth; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j epGzh;.
tpil : mth; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j ty;Yeh;
10. myq;fhpj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp.
tpil : xg;gidnra;J nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;
vopyp.
11. ,iwtid Nehf;fp ahj;jpiu nry;y gf;jUf;fhd khh;f;fk;
tpil : ,iwtid Nehf;fp Gdpjg; gazk; nry;y gf;jUf;fhd top
12. mth;fspUth;f;Fk; ,ilNa fhd;th;Nrrd; ele;jJ.
tpil : mth;fspUth;f;Fk; ,ilNa ciuahly; ele;jJ.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 29
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
29
15. kuGr; nrhw;fs;
xypkuG
1. ML fj;Jk;
2. Fjpiu fidf;Fk;
3. rpq;fk; Koq;Fk;
4. Gyp cWKk;
5. ahid gpspWk;
6. Me;ij myWk;
7. fpsp NgRk;
8. $if FoWk;
9. Nrty; $Tk;
10. eha; Fiuf;Fk;
11. vUJ vf;fhskpLk;
12. Fuq;F myg;Gk;
13. ehp CisapLk;
14. G+id rPWk;
15. vyp fPr;rpLk;
16. fhfk; fiuAk;
17. Fapy; $Tk;
18. Nfhop nfhf;fhpf;Fk;
19. Gwh FDFk;
20. tz;L KwYk;
21. gR fjWk;
22. kapy; mfTk;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 30
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
30
tpid kuG
1. mk;G va;jhh;
2. Mil nea;jhh;
3. ckp fUf;fpdhd;
4. Xtpak; Gide;jhd;
5. $il Kile;jhh;
6. Rth; vOg;gpdhd;
7. nra;As; ,aw;wpdhh;
8. NrhW cz;lhd;
9. jz;zPh; Fbj;jhd;
10. ghy; gUfpdhd;
11. G+g; gwpj;jhd;
12. kuk; ntl;bdhd;
13. khj;jpiu tpOq;fpdhd;
14. KWf;Fj; jpd;whd;
,sikg; ngah;fs;
1. ML - Ml;Lf;Fl;b
2. eha; - eha;f;Fl;b
3. gd;wp - gd;wpf;Fl;b
4. Gyp - Gypf;Fl;b
5. fOij - fOijf;Fl;b
6. G+id - G+idf;Fl;b
7. ahid - ahidf;fd;W
8. gR - gRf;fd;W
9. khd; - khd;fd;W
10. rpq;fk; - rpq;ff;FUis
11. vyp - vypf;FQ;R
12. Nfhop - Nfhopf;FQ;R
13. fPhp - fPhpg;gps;is
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 31
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
31
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf
1. ngw;Nwd; - ngW + Vd;
ngW – gFjp
Vd; - jd;ik gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
2. mwpe;J - mwp + j;(e;) + j; + c
mwp – gFjp
j; - re;jp
e; - MdJ tpfhuk;
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
c – tpidnar;r tpFjp
3. va;Jth; - va;J + t; + mh;
va;J - gFjp
t; - vjph;fhy milepiy
mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
4. czh;j;Jthd; - czh; + j; + t; + Md;
czh; - gFjp
j; - re;jp
t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
5. epiwe;j - epiw + j;(e;) + j; + m
epiw – gFjp
j; - re;jp
e; - MdJ tpfhuk;
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
m – nganur;r tpFjp
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 32
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
32
1. Ifhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff
Ifhuf; FWf;fk;
(i) Ifhuk; + FWf;fk; = Ifhuf;FWf;fk;
(ii) I vd;Dk; vOj;J jdpj;J xypf;Fk; NghJ 2 khj;jpiuahfTk;
(iii) nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; xd;wiu khj;jpiuahfTk;
(iv) nrhy;Yf;F ,ilapYk; filapYk; xU khj;jpiuahfTk;
Fiwe;J xypg;gJ - Ifhuf; FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
(i) I - jdpj;J xypf;Fk; NghJ 2 khj;jpiu
(ii) Ith; - nrhy;Yf;F Kjy; xd;wiu khj;jpiu
(iii) tisay; - nrhy;Yf;F ,ilapy; 1 khj;jpiu
(iv) jiy - nrhy;Yf;F filapy; 1 khj;jpiu
2. xsfhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff
(i) xsfhuk; + FWf;fk; = xsfhuf;FWf;fk;
(ii) xs vd;Dk; vOj;J jdpj;Jxypf;Fk; NghJ 2
khj;jpiuahfTk;
(iii) nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; kl;Lk; xd;wiu khj;jpiuahfTk;
Fiwe;J xypg;gJ - xsfhuf; FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
,J nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; kl;Lk; tUk;. ,ilapYk;
filapYk; tuhJ.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
(i) xs - jdpj;J xypf;Fk; NghJ 2 khj;jpiu
(ii) xsit - nrhy;Yf;F Kjy; xd;wiu khj;jpiu
rpW tpdhf;fs;
( tpdh vz; : 21 Kjy; 27 tiu - 10 kjpg;ngz;fs; )
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 33
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
33
3. kfuk; vt;ntt;tplq;fspy; FWFk; ? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff
(i) nra;Aspy; NghYk; , kUSk ; vd;Dk; kfu <w;Wr; nrhw;fs;
<w;way; cfuk; nfl;L Nghy;k; , kUs;k; vd;whfp
Nghd;k; , kUz;k; vdj; jphpAk;
(ii) ,t;thW jphpAk; d, z Kd;Ds;s kfuk; jd; miu
khj;jpiuapypUe;J fhy; khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
NghYk; - Nghy;k; - Nghd;k;
kUSk; - kUs;k; - kUz;k;
(iii) kfu <w;Wr; nrhy; Kd; tfu ( t; ) Kjy; nkhop te;J
NrUk; NghJ epiy nkhop kfuk; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tUk; + tz;b = tUk;tz;b
4. Ma;jf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff
(i) epiynkhopapy; jdpf;Fwpiy mLj;J tUk; y, sfuq;fs;
tUnkhopapy; cs;s jfuj;NjhL ( j; ) NrUk; NghJ
Ma;jkhfj; jphpAk;.
(ii) ,t;thWj; jphpak; Ma;jk; jd; miu khj;jpiuapypUe;J
Fiwe;J fhy; khj;jpiuahf FiwAk;.
- ,JNt Ma;jf; FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
(i) fy; + jPJ = f/wPJ
(ii) Ks; + jPJ = K/BJ
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 34
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
34
5. nrhy; vd;why; vd;d ?
(i) Xh; vOj;J jdpj;J epd;Nwh gy vOj;Jfs; njhlh;e;J epd;Nwh
nghUs; jUtJ nrhy; vdg;gLk;.
(ii) nrhy;Yf;F gjk; nkhop fpstp vd;Dk; NtW ngah;fSk;
toq;fg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
g+, if, kz;, khe;jh;.
6. nkhopapd; tiffs; ahit ?
nkhop %d;W tifg;gLk;. mit …
(i) jdp nkhop (ii) njhlh; nkhop (iiii) nghJ nkhop
7. tpidr; nrhy; vd;why; vd;d ?
vOtha; nra;Ak; nraiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhw;fs; tpidr; nrhw;fs;
vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
(i) ,uhkd; te;jhd; (ii) fz;zd; ele;jhd;
8. tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L vt;nttw;iw mwpayhk; ?
tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L
(i) fhyk; (ii) jpiz (iii) ghy; (iv) vz; (v) ,lk;
- Mfpatw;iw mwpayhk;.
9. nganur;rk; vd;why; vd;d ? mjd; tiffs; ahit ?
Xh; vr;r tpid ( te;j, ele;j ) ngaiuf; nfhz;L Kbe;jhy;
mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk;.
v.fh. te;j igad;, ele;j igad;
,J (i) njhpepiyg; nganur;rk; (ii) Fwpg;Gg; nganur;rk;
- vd ,U tifg;gLk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 35
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
35
10. tpidnar;rk; vd;why; vd;d ? mjd; tiffs; ahit ?
Kw;Wg; ngwhj tpidr; nrhw;fs; ( vr;rk; ) NtnwhU
tpidKw;iwf;; nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ tpidnar;rk; vdg;gLk;.
v.fh. gbj;J te;jhd;, Xbr; nrd;whd;
,J (i) njhpepiy tpidnar;rk; (ii) Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;
vd ,U tifg;gLk;.
11. Kw;nwr;rk; vd;why; vd;d ? rhd;W jUf
xU tpidKw;Wr; nrhy; vr;rg; nghUspy; te;J kw;nwhU
tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L KbtJ Kw;nwr;rk; vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
KUfd; gbj;jdd; Njwpdd;.
12. ntspg;gil vd;why; vd;d ? rhd;W jUf
ntspg;gil :
ntspg;gilahfj; jd;nghUis czh;j;Jk; nrhw;fs; ntspg;gilr; nrhw;fs; vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W: jkpo;ehL gz;ghl;by; rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
tpsf;fk ; : ,j;njhlhpy; te;Js;s jkpo;ehL vd;Dk; nrhy; ntspg;gilahf ,lj;ijf; Fwpj;J tUfpwJ. vdNt ,J ntspg;gilr; nrhy; Mapw;W.
13. Fwpg;G vd;gjid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff
Fwpg;G :
xU njhlh; Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; tUfpd;w nrhw;fs; czh;j;Jk;
Fwpg;ghy; xU nghUisj; jUtJ Fwpg;Gr; nrhy; vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W : ,e;jpah fphpf;nfl;by; Kjyplk; ngw;wJ.
tpsf;fk ; : ,j;njhlhpy; te;Js;s ,e;jpah vd;gJ MFngauha;
epd;W Fwpg;ghy; ,e;jpa tpisahl;L tPuh;fisf;
Fwpj;jJ.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 36
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
36
14. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d ? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff
,dq;Fwpj;jy; :
xU nrhy; jd;nghUisAk; Fwpj;Jj; jdf;F ,dkhd
nghUisAk; Fwpj;J tUtJ ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W : fjph;Nty; ntw;wpiy jpd;whd;
tpsf;fk; : ,j;njhlh; fjph;Nty; ntw;wpiy kl;Lkh jpd;whd;
ntw;wpiyNahL mjw;F ,dkhd ghf;F> Rz;zhk;G
Kjyhdtw;iwAk; Nrh;j;Jj; jpd;whd; vdg;
nghUs;gLfpwJ.
15. mLf;Fj; njhlh; vd;why; vd;d ? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff
mirepiyf;Fk; tpiuT rpdk; kfpo;r;rp mr;rk; Jd;gk; Kjypa
nghUs; epiyf;Fk; nra;Aspy; ,iria epiwT nra;tjw;Fk;
,uz;L %d;W ehd;F Kiw mLf;fp tUtJ mLf;Fj; njhlh;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
md;Nw md;Nw - mirepiy
Ngh Ngh - tpiuT
vwp vwp - rpdk;
tUf tUf - kfpo;r;rp
jP jP jP - mr;rk;
nehe;Njd; nehe;Njd; - Jd;gk;
Nfhb Nfhb Nfhb NfhbNa - ,ir epiw
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 37
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
37
16. mLf;Fj;njhlUf;Fk; ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;Fk; cs;s NtWghLfs; ahit ?
mLf;Fj; njhlh; ,ul;ilf;fpstp
1. nrhw;fs; jdpj;jdpNa epw;Fk; 1. nrhw;fs; xd;Wgl;L epw;Fk;
2. gphpj;jhy; nghUs; jUk; 2. gphpj;jhy; nghUs; juhJ
3. ,uz;L %d;W ehd;F Kiw
mLf;fp tUk;
3. ,uz;L Kiw kl;LNk mLf;fp
tUk;
4. tpiuT mr;rk; ntFsp kfpo;r;rp
Kjypa nghUs;fs; gw;wp tUk; 4. mirepiyahfNt tUk;
17. tpdh vj;jid tifg;gLk; ? mit ahit ?
tpdh MW tifg;gLk;. mit…
mwptpdh mwpah tpdh
Ia tpdh nfhsy; tpdh
nfhil tpdh Vty; tpdh
- Mfpad MFk;.
18. ghk;Ngh ? fapNwh ? – vt;tif tpdh ?
ghk;Ngh ? fapNwh ? vd;gJ Ia tpdhthFk;.
jdf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s Iaj;ij ePf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf tpdtg;gLk;
tpdh Ia tpdthFk;.
19. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk; ? mit ahit ?
tpdh vl;L tifg;gLk;. mit ..
Rl;L tpil kiw tpil
Neh; tpil Vty; tpil
tpdh vjph; tpdhjy; tpil cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpil
cWtJ $wy; tpil ,dnkhop tpil
- Mfpad MFk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 38
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
38
20. Rl;L tpilia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff
,J mJ vd Rl;bf;fhl;b gjpy; $WtJ Rl;L tpil vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
nrd;idf;F top ahJ ? vd;w tpdhTf;F ,J Rl;bf; fhl;LtJ
Rl;L tpil MFk;.
21. cld;gl;Lf; $Wk; tpilapd; nganud;d ?
cld;gl;Lf; $Wk; tpilapd; ngah; Neh; tpilahFk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
,ij nra;thah ? vd;w tpdhtpw;F nra;Ntd; vd;W cld;gl;L
$WtJ cld;gl;L tpilahFk;.
22. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg; ngaUld; gpw jpirfs; Nrhpd; vt;thW
GzUk; ?
tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg; ngaUld; gpw jpirfs; NrUk;NghJ epiynkhop <Wk; , nka;Ak; ePq;Fk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
tlf;F + fpof;F = tlfpof;F
23. njw;F vd;Dk; jpirg; ngaUld; gpw ngah;fs;; Nrhpd; vt;thW
GzUk; ?
Nkw;F vd;Dk; jpirg; ngaUld; gpw ngah;fs; NrUk;NghJ epiynkhop <W „ F‟ ePq;fp mjd; may; vOj;J „w‟; - d; Mf khwpg; GzUk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
njw;F + jpir = njd;jpir
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 39
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
39
24. ik <w;W gz;Gg; ngah;fs; ehd;fpid vOJf
ik <w;Wg; gz;Gg; ngah;fs;
fUtpop
ghrpiy
igq;$o;
Nrjhk;gy;
25. nrk;ik + nkhop vt;thW GzUk; ?
nrk;ik + nkhop
„ <W Nghjy; ‟ tpjpg;gb ik nfl;lJ
nrk; + nkhop
„ ,ay;Gg; Gzh;r;rpg; ‟ gb nrk;nkhop vdg; Gzh;e;jJ.
26. ntw;wpiy – Gzh;r;rp tpjp jUf
ntw;wpiy ntWik + ,iy
„ <W Nghjy; ‟ - tpjpg;gb ik nfl;lJ
ntW + ,iy
cfuk; nfl;lJ
ntw; + ,iy
jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; tpjpg;gb
ntw;w; + ,iy
„ cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng‟- tpjpg;gb
ntw;wpiy vdg; Gzh;e;jJ.
27. kuNth; - nrhy;iyg; gphpj;Jg; Gzh;r;rp tpjp jUf
kuk; + Nth; = kuNth;
epiynkhop ,Wjp kfuk; ( k; ) nfl;Lg; GzUk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 40
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
40
28. kfu <w;W Gzh;r;rpf;F rhd;W jUf
kuk; + Nth; = kuNth;
epiynkhop ,Wjp kfuk; ( k; ) nfl;Lg; GzUk;.
29. nghUshtJ ahJ ?
nghUs; vd;gJ xOf;fKiw MFk;.
30. Kjw; nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ ?
mfnthOf;fk; epfo;tjw;Ff; fhuzkhd epyKk; nghOJk;
Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.
31. fUg;nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ ?
me;je;j epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; kf;fs; czT tpyq;F Kjypad
nghUs;fs; fUg;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.
32. taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk; vj;jpizf;FhpaJ ?
taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk; kUjj; jpizf;FhpaJ.
33. Ig;grp> fhh;j;jpif Mfpa ,Ujpq;fSk; vf;fhyj;jpw;Fhpad ?
Ig;grp> fhh;j;jpif Mfpa ,Ujpq;fSk; Fsph;fhyj;jpw;Fhpa ngUk;
nghOJfshFk;.
34. itfiwf;Fhpa fhymsT ahJ ?
itfiwf;Fhpa fhymsT ,uT 2kzp Kjy; fhiy 6kzp tiu
35. KUfd; ve;epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; ?
KUfd; FwpQ;rp epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk;.
36. Ky;iy epyj;jpw;Fhpa fUg;nghUs;fs; ehd;fid vOJf
nja;tk; - jpUkhy;
kf;fs; - Mah;, Ma;r;rpah;
czT - tuF, rhik
tpyq;F - Kay;, khd;, Gyp
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 41
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
41
37. kUjk; epyj;jpw;Fhpa fUg;nghUs;fs; ehd;fid vOJf
nja;tk; - ,e;jpud;
kf;fs; - coth;> coj;jpah;
czT - ntz;nza;> nre;ney;
tpyq;F - vUik> ePh;eha;
G+ - jhkiu
kuk; - kUjk;
38. Gwj;jpiz vd;gJ ahJ ?
Gwj;jpiz vd;gJ tho;f;iff;F JizGhpAk; fy;tp Gfo; tPuk; nry;tk;
murpay; Kjypa nghUs;fisg; gw;wp $WtjhFk;.
,J Gwj;jhh;f;F ,d;dJ vd vLj;Jf; $wf; $baJ.
39. Gwj;jpizfs; ehd;fid vOJf
ntl;rpj;jpiz> fue;ijj;jpiz> tQ;rpj;jpiz> fhQ;rpj;jpiz
40. kjpy;Nghh; gw;wpa Gwj;jpizfs; ahit ?
nehr;rpj;jpiz> copiQj;jpiz MFk;.
41. thifj;jpiz vd;gJ ahJ ?
ntw;wp ngw;w kd;dd; thifg;G+r;R+b kfpo;tJ thifj;jpiz MFk;.
42. nghUe;jhf; fhkk; gw;wpa jpiz ahJ ?
ngUe;jpiz MFk;.
43. vapy;fhj;jy; vt;tifj; jpiz ? mjw;F vjpuhd jpizia
tpsf;Ff.
vapy;fhj;jy; nehr;rpj; jpizahFk;.
mjw;F vjpuhd jpiz copiQj; jpiz MFk;.
copiQj; jpiz vd;gJ vapiy Rw;wp tisj;Jg; Nghh; Ghpjy; MFk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 42
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
42
44. ehy;tifg; ghf;fs; ahit ?
ntz;gh> Mrphpag;gh> fypg;gh> tQ;rpg;gh vd ehy;tifg;gLk;.
45. ntz;ghtpd; tiffs; ahit ?
ntz;ghtpd; tiffs; MW. mit..
1. Fws; ntz;gh 2. Nehpir rpe;jpay; ntz;gh
3. ,d;dpir rpe;jpay; ntz;gh 4. Nehpir ntz;gh
5. ,d;dpir ntz;gh 6. g/nwhil ntz;gh
46. Fws; ntz;ghtpd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ ?
Fws; ntz;gh
ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzj;ijg; ngw;W ,uz;L mbfisf;
nfhz;ljha; xU tpfw;gj;jhDk;> ,U tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUtJ
Fws; ntz;gh MFk;.
v.fh.
mfu Kjy vOj;njy;yhk; Mjp
gftd; Kjw;Nw cyF
47. ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ahJ ?
ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk;
<w;wb Kr;rPuha; Vida mbfs; ehw;rPuha; tUk;.
,aw;rPh;> ntz;rPh; tUk;. gpw rPh;fs; thuh.
,aw;rPh; ntz;lisAk;> ntz;rPh; ntz;lisAk; tUk;. gpw jisfs; thuh.
<w;wbapd; <w;Wr;rPh; ehs;> kyh;> fhR> gpwg;G vd;Dk; tha;ghLfSs; xd;W nfhz;L KbAk;.
nrg;gNyhir ngw;W tUk;.
,uz;lb Kjy; gd;dpuz;L mbtiu tUk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 43
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
43
48. Mrphpag;ghtpd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ ?
Mrphpag;ghtpd; ,yf;fzk;
mstbfisg; ngw;W tUk;.
,aw;rPh; gapd;W tUk;. gpw rPUk; tUk;.
Mrphpaj; jisfs; gapd;W tUk;. gpw jisfs; fye;Jk; tUk;.
%d;wb rpw;nwy;iyAk; ghLgthpd; vz;zg;gb gy mbfisg; ngw;W tUk;.
mftNyhir ngw;W tUk;.
<w;wbapd; <w;Wr;rPh; Vfhuj;jpy; KbtJ rpwg;G.
49. Mrphpag;ghtpd; tiffs; ahit ?
Mrphpag;ghtpd; ehd;F tifg;gLk;. mit...
Nehpir Mrphpag;gh
,izf;Fws; Mrphpag;gh
epiykz;by Mrphpag;gh
mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh
- vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;.
50. Nehpir Mrphpag;ghtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lj; je;J tpsf;Ff.
Nehpir Mrphpag;gh
Mrphpag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W <w;wayb Kr;rPuhAk; gpw mbfs; ehw;rPuhAk; tUtJ Nehpir Mrphpag;gh.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
ghhp ghhp vd;W gyVj;jp
xUtw; Gfo;th; nre;ehg; Gyth;
ghhp xUtD ky;yd;
khhpAk; cz;Bz; LyF gug;gJNt
- ,g;ghlypy; <w;wayb Kr;rPuhAk; gpw mbfs; ehw;rPuhAk;
te;Js;sd.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 44
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
44
51. mbkwpkz;by Mrphpag;ghtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lj; je;J tpsf;Ff.
mbkwpkz;by Mrphpag;gh
Mrphpag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W vy;yh mbfisAk; Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wp khw;wpg; gbj;jhYk; XirAk; nghUSk; khwhJ tUtJ mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh MFk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
jha;nkhop tsh;j;jy; jkpoh;jq; flNd
tha;nkhop Guj;jy; kw;wth; flNd
fha;nkhop jtph;j;jy; fw;wth; flNd
Ma;nkhop Aiuj;jy; mwpQh;jq; flNd
- ,g;ghlypy; cs;s mbfis Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wpdhYk; ghlypd; XirAk; nghUSk; khwhky; tUfpd;wJ.
mzpfs;
1. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff
jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp :
,ay;ghf epfOk; epfo;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpQh; jk; Fwpg;gpid Vw;wpf;
$WtJ jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp MFk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
„ijay; Jah;f;Fj; jhpahJ jk;rpwfhk;‟
tpsf;fk; :
tpbaw;fhiyapy; Nfhopfs; $Tjy; ,ay;ghd epfo;r;rp. Mdhy; ftpQh; fhl;by; es;sputpy; fztidg; gphpe;J tUj;jKw;w jkae;jpapd; Jaiug; Nghf;f, ,Uis ePf;Ftjw;Fj; NjNuwp tpiue;J tUkhW R+hpaidf; Nfhopf; $l;lq;fs; $tp miog;gjhfj; jd; Fwpg;ig Vw;wpf; $wpAs;shh;. vdNt, ,J jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp.
tpdh vz; : 28 kw;Wk; 29 - 10 kjpg;ngz;fs;
tpdh vz; : 30 - myfpLjy;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 45
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
45
2. tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff
Gfo;tJ Nghyg; gopg;gJk; gopg;gJk;, Nghyg; Gfo;tJk; tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
Njth; midah; fath; mtUe;jhk;
Nktd nra;njhOf yhd;
tpsf;fk; :
,g;ghlypy; jPath;fisj; Njth;fSf;F ,izahfg; Gfo;e;J $WtJNghyf; $wpj;, jPath;fs; jk; kdk;Nghd Nghf;fpy; jPa nray;fisr; nra;J mopthh;fs; vdg; gopj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
vdNt ,g;ghlypy; tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp te;Js;sJ.
3. ,ul;Lwnkhopjyzp vd;why; vd;d ? rhd;W fhl;b tpsf;Ff
xU nrhy; ,UnghUs;gl mike;J tUjy; ,ul;Lwnkhopjy; vdg;gLk;. ,jidr; rpNyil vdTk; toq;Fth;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
„Mbf; Flj;jilAk; MLk;Ngh NjapiuAk;‟
tpsf;fk; :
,g;ghlypy; ghk;G, vs; Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk; rpNyil $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ghk;G glnkLj;J Mbagpd; Flj;Js; nrd;wilAk;. glnkLj;J MLk; NghJ ,iur;rypLk;.
vs;> nrf;fhba gpd; Flj;jpy; Cw;Wth;. nrf;fhLk;NghJ ,iur;ry; cz;lhFk;.
- ,t;thW xU njhlh; ,UnghUs;gl te;Js;sikahy; ,g;ghlypy; ,ul;Lw nkhopjy; mzp te;Js;sJ.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 46
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
46
4. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp vd;why; vd;d ? rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.
nra;Aspy; Kd;dh; te;j nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J xNu nghUisj; jUtJ nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
jPait jPa gaj;jyhy; jPait
jPapDk; mQ;rg; gLk;.
tpsf;fk; :
,g;ghlypy; jPa vd;Dk; nrhy; jPik vd;Dk; xNu nghUspy; gyKiw te;Js;sJ. vdNt, ,J nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp MFk;.
5. gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp :
mzp tpsf;fk; : Gyth; jhk; $wf;fUjpa nghUis ntspg;gilahff; $whky; mjNdhL njhlh;Gila gpwpnjhd;wpidf; $wp ctikiaf; $wp ctNkaj;ijg; ngw itg;gJ gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp vd;W ngah;.
v.fh.:
neLk;GdYs; nty;Yk; Kjiy mLk;Gdypd;
ePq;fpd; mjidg; gpw
ctik :
ePhpDs; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ Kjiy kw;w caph;fis nty;Yk;. ePiu tpl;L ePq;fp fiuf;F te;jhy; kw;w caph;fs; me;j Kjiyia ntd;W tpLk;.
ctNkak; :
giftNuhL Nghhplr; nry;Yfpd;w kd;dd; jdf;F ntw;wp Njbj; jUk; ,lkhfg; ghh;j;Jg; Nghh; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
- ,t;thW ctikiaf;$wp ctNkaj;ijg; ngw itg;gJ gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp vdg;gLk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 47
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
47
fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; ,uz;bw;F xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; miug;gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f
( tpdh vz; : 31 Kjy; 33 tiu )
1. ghpjpkhw;fiyQhpd; jkpo; gw;wpid tpsf;Ff
Kd;Diu :
19 - Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy;> jkpOf;F mUk;gzp Mw;wpath;fSs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth; ghpjpkhw;fiyQh; Mthh;.
jkpo;g; Gyik :
aho;g;ghzk; rp.it. jhNkhjudhh;> ,thpd; jkpo;g; Gyikiaf; fz;L „jpuhtpl rh];jphp‟ vd;w rpwg;Gg; gl;lj;ij toq;fpdhh;.
jhk; ,aw;wpa „jdpg;ghRuj; njhif‟ vd;Dk; E}ypy; ghpjpkhw;fiyQh; vdj; jdpj;jkpo;g; ngaiur; R+l;bf; nfhz;lhh;.
jkpo;g;gw;W :
ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; nrd;idf; fpwpj;jtf; fy;Y}hpapy; gbj;J te;jhh;. mf;fhyj;jpy; ];fhl;yhe;J ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;j tpy;ypak; kpy;yh; vd;gth; Mq;fpyg; Nguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;.
mth; xUehs;> nld;dprd; ,aw;wpa Mh;jhpd; ,Wjp vd;Dk; E}ypy; cs;s xU ghliy elj;jpdhh;. mg;ghlypy; JLg;Gfis mirj;Jr; nrYj;jg;gl;l glfhdJ mofpa md;dg; gwitf;F ctikahf nrhy;yg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ.
mjid tpae;J ghuhl;ba kpy;yh; ,q;fpyp\; ,q;fpyp\;jhd; jkpopy; ,JNghy ctik cz;lh ? vd tpdtpdhh;.
mjw;F ghpjpkhw; fiyQh;> 12 - Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;l fk;guhkhazk;> Ffg;glyj;jpy; tpL edp fbJ vDk; ghlypy; ,j;jifa ctik cs;sJ vd $wpdhh;. Mrphpah; mtiug; ghuhl;bdhh;.
,JNt ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; jkpo;g;gw;W MFk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 48
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
48
2. ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; jkpo;j; njhz;L
Nghuhl;lk; :
1902 - Mk; Mz;by; gy;fiyf; fof ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; gl;l tFg;Gfspy; jkpio tpyf;fp tlnkhopf; nfhz;L tu KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ.
ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; cWjpahd vjph;g;ghy; mk;Kbitg; gy;fiyf; fofk; iftpl;lJ.
ehlf E}y;fs; :
,th; &ghtjp> fyhtjp Kjypa ehlfq;fis ,aw;wpdhh;.
me;ehlfq;fspy; ngz;ghy; Ntlq;fis Gide;J ebj;J ehlf tsh;r;rpf;F JizGhpe;jhh;.
gpw E}y;fs; :
rpj;jpuf;ftp vd;Dk; E}iy vOjpdhh;.
FkuFUguhpd; ePjpnewp tpsf;fj;jpd; 51 ghly;fSf;F ciu vOjpdhh;.
gpw gzp :
K.rp.G+h;zypq;fk; njhlq;fp itj;j QhdNghjpdp vd;Dk; ,jio elj;jpdhh;.
kJiuj; jkpo;r; rq;fj;jhhpd; nre;jkpo; ,jopy; cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu tiue;jhh;.
jkpo; nkhop cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop vd Kjd;Kjyhf epiyehl;bdhh;.
- ,JNt ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; jkpo;j; njhz;L MFk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 49
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
49
3. nky;y nky;y kw vd;Dk; rpWfijapy; fkyehjd; vt;thW
kdk; jpUe;jpdhd; vd;gij RUf;fp tiuf
Kd;Diu :
khw;wk; vd;gJ khdpl jj;Jtk;. mjid miltNj tho;tpd;
ntw;wp. fkyehjdpd; kdkhw;wj;ij ,f;fijapy; ehk; fhzyhk;.
Gif cq;fSf;Fg; gif
kUj;Jt Kfhkpy; nfhLj;j Gif cq;fSf;Fg; gif vd;w
Gj;jfj;ij Nfhfpyh fkyehjdplk; gbf;FkhWf; $wpdhs;.
fkyehjd; Nfhfpyhitg; gbf;FkhW $wg; Gifahy; Vw;gLk;
jPikfis Nfhfpyh gbj;Jf; fhl;bdhs;
gpy;lh; rpfnul; gpbj;jhYk;> ghf;ifj; jpd;whYk; Gw;WNeha;
tUk;. fhg;gp Fbj;jhy; ,jaNeha; tUk; vd;gjidf; Nfl;l
fkyehjd; kdk; rpe;jpf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ.
ez;gd; kuzk;
kUj;Jtkidapy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;l ez;gd; ,uhkypq;fj;jpd;
cly;epiyg; gw;wp Nfl;lwpe;jhd; fkyehjd;. Rthrg;igapy;
Gw;WNeha; Vw;gl;bUg;gjhfTk; mij mWit rpfpr;ir nra;jhYk;
ePz;lehs; thoKbahJ vd;W rpahksh $wpaijf; Nfl;l
fkyehjd; gak; nfhz;lhd;. md;W ,uNt fkyehjd; ,wg;G Nfl;L
fyq;fpdhd;.
fjhghj;jpuq;fs; :
1. fkyehjd;
2. Nfhfpyh - fkyehjd; kidtp
3. ,uhkypq;fk; - fkyehjd; ez;gd;
4. rpahksh - ,uhkypq;fk; kidtp
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 50
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
50
G+Tk; nghl;Lk;
ez;gdpd; gphpitj; jhq;fhj fkyehjd; ez;gdpd; kidtp
rpahkshtpw;F MWjy; $wpdhd;. G+Tk; nghl;Lk; ,y;yhky;
gps;isfs; mOk; Fuy;Nfl;L kdk; khwpdhd;. tPL jpUk;Gk;NghNj
ehd;F Kok; ky;ypifg; G+it thq;fp te;jhd;. jd; kidtpaplk;
nfhLj;J G+Tk; nghl;Lkha; thOkhW tho;j;jp fz;fyq;fp nky;y
nky;y khWtjhf cWjpaspj;jhd;.
kdkhw;wk;
,uhkypq;fj;jpd; kuzk; jd;id xU KOkdpjdhf
khw;wptpl;ljhf fkyehjd; czh;e;jhd;. clw;gapw;rp nra;jhd;.
Foe;ijfSf;Fg; ghlk; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jhd;. Foe;ijfSld;
tpisahbdhd;. Njhl;l Ntiy nra;jhd;. Gj;jfq;fisg; gbj;jhd;.
KbTiu
fkyehjd; Gifgpbf;Fk; gof;fj;jpypUe;J tpLjiy ngw;W
KO kdpjdhf tho;e;jhd;. nky;y nky;y Gjpa kdpjdhf kyh;e;J
kzk; tPrpdhd;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 51
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
51
4. mz;zh vOjpa fbjj;jpd; fUj;Jf;fisr; RUf;fp tiuf
Kd;Diu :
NguwpQh; mz;zh Kjyikr;rh; MdgpwF vOjpa nghq;fy; tho;j;J ,f;fbjj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ,f;fbjk; fhQ;rp ,jo; %yk; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mz;zhtpd; Vf;fk; :
xt;Nthh; Mz;Lk; nghq;fy; GJehsd;W kf;fNshL kf;fshf ,Ue;J> mth;fs; fspj;jpUf;Fk; fhl;rpapidf; fz;L kfpo;tile;j mz;zh gjtpf;F te;j gpd;G me;j kfpo;T fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;W tUe;Jfpwhh;.
ciog;gpd; ngUik :
vj;jidNah ,d;dy;fs; ,Ug;gpDk; eype;NjhUk; $l nghq;fw; GJehspy; gJj; njk;Gld; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,e;ehspy; ciog;gpd; ngUikiag; gw;wpAk;> me;ehspy; jkpoh; tho;e;j Neh;j;jpiag; gw;wpAk; ciuahb kfpo tha;g;G fpilf;fpwJ.
epykfspd; Miz :
jhAk; NrAk; nfhQ;rp kfpo;tJ Nghy epykle;ijAk; jd; kf;fSf;F tsk; mspf;Fk; Kd;G> tpisahl;L fhl;Lths;. “ cioj;Jg; ngW! chpa Neuj;jpy; ngW! Kaw;rp nra;J ngW! ” vd;W md;Gld; MizapLfpwhs;.
Kbaurd; ftpij Nkw;Nfhs; :
mkpo;njd ,dpf;Fk;> ciog;gpd; cah;it czh;j;Jk;> risg;gpy;yhj Kaw;rpf;F gad; fpilf;Fk; ed;dhs; vd;w ftpQh; Kbaurdpd; ftpijia Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bAs;shh;.
mz;zhtpd; tho;j;J :
nghq;Ff ,d;gk;! nghq;Ff GJik! nghq;Ff nghypT! tsk; ngUfpLf! tho;T rpwe;jpLf! tho;f jkpo;! tho;f jkpofk;! vd;W tho;j;Jf;fSld; jd; fbjj;ij mz;zh Kbj;jpUf;fpwhh;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 52
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
52
5. mNahj;jpjhr gz;bjh; rKjhaj;jpw;F Mw;wpa njhz;L
Kd;Diu :
gpwh; tho vz;zk;> nrhy;> nray; ,k;%d;Wk; ,ize;J
vy;yhUk; vy;yhKk; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; ew;rpe;jid kyu
mUk;ghLgl;lth;fNs r%fr; rPh;jpUj;jthjpfs; Mthh;.
,j;jifa rPh;jpUj;jthjpjhd; mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjh;
rKjhaj; njhz;L :
mNahj;jp jhrh;> ePyfphp kiytho; ,dg; ngz;iz fyg;Gj;
jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhh;.
Njapiyg; gwpg;Nghh;> tptrhaf; $yp nra;Nthh;> kuk; mWg;Nghh;
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf cioj;jhh;.
jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;F fy;tptrjp> cjtpj;njhif>
muRNtiy> cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspy; tha;g;G> nghJ ,lq;fspy;
Eioa chpik Nghd;w gy;NtW chpikfisg; ngw;Wj; je;jhh;.
nrd;idapy; Ie;J ,lq;fspy; My;fhl; gQ;rkh; gs;spfs; vd
jypj;JfSf;F ,ytrg; gs;spfis epWtpdhh;.
xU igrh jopod; vd;Dk; thu ,jopy; ePjp> rhpahd ghij>
Neh;ik Mfpatw;iwf; fhl;Lk; nra;jpfis ntspapl;lhh;.
vdNt fhj;jtuhad; vd;Dk; ,th; njd;dpe;jpar; r%fr;
rPh;jpUj;jj;jpd; je;ij vdg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhh;.
- ,t;thW mNahj;jpjhrh; rKjhaj;jpw;F njhz;Lfs; gy
nra;Js;shh;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 53
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
53
6. Fwl;il xyp
Kd;Diu :
„Fwl;il xyp‟ vd;Dk; rpWfijapy; Vioj;jhapd; ,uf;ff;
Fzj;ij lhf;lh;. K.t. glk; gpbj;J fhl;Lfpwhh;.
%d;W FLk;gk; :
xU tPl;by; %d;W Fbj;jdq;fs; ,Ue;jd. khbapy; xU
FLk;gk; ,Ue;jJ. njd; gFjp FLk;gk; tWikf;FLk;gk;. fztd;>
kidtp> MW Foe;ijfs;> ghl;b> xU eha; vdg; nghpa FLk;gk;.
tl gFjp FLk;gk; nry;t FLk;gk;. fztd;> kidtp jtpu NtW
vtUk; ,yh;.
tWikf; FLk;gKk; nry;t FLk;gKk; :
njd;gFjp FLk;gj;jpy; vg;nghOJk; $r;rYk; MuthuKk;
,Uf;Fk;. tl gFjp FLk;gk; mikjpaha; ,Uf;Fk;. mq;Nf Jk;ky;>
,Uky;> Fwl;il jtpu NtW xypiaf; Nfl;f KbahJ.
Viof;FLk;gj;jpy; Gjpa tuT :
Vioapd; FLk;gj;jpy; mth;fSf;F Vohtjhf xU Foe;ij
gpwe;jJ. rpy ehl;fspy; me;j tPl;bd; ehAk; Ie;J Fl;bfis
<d;wJ.
Fl;bfis jtpf;ftpl;l jha;eha; :
Fl;b <d;w %d;whk; ehs; ntspNs nrd;w jha;eha; tPL
jpUk;gtpy;iy. Fl;bfs; ghy; ,y;yhky; fj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jd.
vq;F NjbAk; eha; fpilf;fhjjhy; efuhl;rpf;F nrd;W ghh;f;fyhk;
vd;w KbNthL tPL jpUk;gpdhh; fzth;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 54
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
54
khbtPl;L mk;ikahhpd; KiwaPLk; J}Jk; :
khiy Neuj;jpy; eha;f;Fl;bfspd; rj;jk; mjpfhpj;jjhy;
khbtPl;L mk;ikahh; njd;gFjp tPl;lhhplk; eha;f;Fl;bfis njUtpy;
tpl;LtpLkhW $wptpl;L tlgFjp tPl;lhhplk; fjT> [d;diy ed;whf
rhj;jpf; nfhz;L J}q;FkhW $wpdhs; .
eha;f;Fl;bapd; xyp Fiwe;jJ :
me;j ,uT Neuj;jpy; eha;f;Fl;bfspd; „fa;q; fa;q;‟ vd;w
xypiaj; jtpu NtW xypapy;iy. tl gFjp tPl;by; Vg;g rj;jk;
kl;Lk; Nfl;lJ. jpBnud;W Fl;bfspd; xyp nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf
Fiwe;J nfhz;Nl te;jJ.
jha;ik czh;T :
khbtPl;L mk;ikahh; eha;f;Fl;bapd; xyp Fiwe;jjw;F
fhuzk; mwpa fPNo vl;bg;ghh;j;jhh;. me;j Vioj;jhapd; xU ifapy;
gQ;Rk; xU ifapy; nfhl;lhq;Fr;rpAk; ,Ue;jJ. filrp eha;
Fl;bAk; fj;jpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. me;j jha; gQ;ir khh;gpy;
itj;J ghyhy; eidj;J Fl;bapd; thapy; itj;jhh;. ,t;thW %d;W
Kiw nra;j gpwF mjd; xypAk; mlq;fpaJ.
KbTiu :
,t;thW ,sk;Foe;ijiag; ngw;w Vioj;jhapd; ,uf;f
czh;T tpaf;f itf;fpwJ. Mdhy; tlf;Fg; gFjp tPl;lhhplkpUe;J
Fwl;il xyp kl;Lk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;NlapUe;jJ.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 55
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
55
34.(m ). fPo;f;fhZk; gj;jpapy; mike;Js;s Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fisj;
jkpohf;fk; nra;f
1. lhb tu;w rz;Nl vdf;F gh;j;Nl. gl; ePq;f ,d;Dk; vdf;F
gh;j;Nl bu]; vLf;ftpy;iyNa ntha; lhb ? vd;Ndhl
gpuz;l;i]nay;yhk; tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;ypf; fhy;
gz;zpapUf;fpNwd;
tpil : mg;gh tUfpw Qhapwd;W vdf;F gpwe;j ehs;. Mdhy;
ePq;fs; ,d;Dk; vd; gpwe;jehSf;F cil vLf;ftpy;iyNa? Vd;
mg;gh ? vd;Dila ez;gh;fisnay;yhk; gpwe;jehsd;W tPl;Lf;F
tur;nrhy;ypj; njhiyNgrpapy; mioj;jpUf;fpNwd;.
2. rz;Nl tu;wJf;F ,d;Dk; ]pf;]; Nl]; ,Uf;FNj Nlhz;l;
nthh;hp LkhNuh <tpdpq; \hg;gpq; Nghyhk;. ,g;g cdf;F N`g;gp
jhNd.
tpil : Qhapw;Wf; fpoik tUtjw;F ,d;Dk; MWehl;fs;
cs;sdNt. ftiyg;glhNj ehis khiy filf;Fr;
nry;Nthk;. ,g;NghJ cdf;F kfpo;r;rpjhNd.
3. RNu\; thl; N`g;gz;l; ? Vd; Nyl;lh tu;Nw ?
tpil : RNu\; vd;dhapw;W ? Vd; fhyjhkjkhf tUfpwha; ?
4. topapNy xNu buhgpf; [hk;lh mjdhyjhd; Nyl; rhp rhp g];
vj;jid kzpf;F tUk; ? bf;fl; fpilr;rjh ?
tpil : top vq;Fk; Nghf;Ftuj;J nehpry;. mjdhy;jhd;
jhkjk;. rhp rhp NgUe;J vj;jid kzpf;F tUk; ? gazr;rPl;L
fpilj;jjh ?
5. g]; nld; jh;l;bf;F tUk;. yh];l; tPf;Nf uprh;t; nra;jhr;R.
NgUe;J gj;J Kg;gJf;F tUk;. fle;j thuNk Kd;gjpT
nra;jhfptpl;lJ.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 56
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
56
6. gs;spapypUe;J tPl;bw;Fs; tpiue;J Eioe;j ghhp jd; ];$y;
Ngf;ifj; J}f;fpg; Nghl;L tpl;L kk;kp thl;lh; vd;W Fuy;
nfhLj;jhd;.
tpil : gs;spapypUe;J tPl;bw;Fs; tpiue;J Eioe;j ghhp jd;
gs;spg; igapidj; J}f;fpg; Nghl;Ltpl;L... mk;kh jz;zPh; vd;W Fuy;
nfhLj;jhd;.
7. gs;spapypUe;J te;jTld; Vz;lh ,g;gbf; fj;Jfpwha; ? if
fhy;fis th\; nra;Jnfhz;L th. R+lhf cdf;Fg; gpbj;j
bgd; nra;J itj;jpUf;fpNwd;. Ngha; A+dpghh;k; khw;wpf;nfhz;L
th vd;whs; mtd; jha;.
tpil : “gs;spapypUe;J te;jTld; Vd; ,g;gbf; fj;Jfpwha; ? if fhy;fisf; fOtpf; nfhz;L th, R+lhf cdf;Fg; gpbj;j gyfhuk; nra;J itj;jpUf;fpNwd;. Ngha; gs;spr; rPUilfis khw;wpf; nfhz;L th” vd;whs; ghhpapd; jha;
8. Nghk;kh vd;W $wpf;nfhz;Nl Ngidr; Roytpl;l ghhp btpiag;
Nghl;lhd;.
tpil : Nghk;kh... vd;W $wpf;nfhz;L kpd;tprpwpiaAk;
njhiyf;fhl;rpiaAk; caph;g;gpj;jhd;
9. ];$y;tpl;L te;jTlNd vjw;F btp ? N`hk; xh;f; nra;Jtpl;L
mg;Gwk; ghh;f;fyhk; vd;whs; mtd; jha;.
tpil : “ gs;spapypUe;J te;jTld; vjw;Fj; njhiyf;fhl;rp ?
Kjypy; tPl;Lg; ghlj;ij Kb gpwF njhiyf;fhl;rp ghh;f;fyhk;”
vd;whs; ghhpapd; jha;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 57
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
57
34. ( M ). fPo; cs;s muG vz;fisj; jkpo; vz;fshf khw;wp
vOJf
1 2 3 4
5
f c
U
6 7 8 9
10
v m
f0
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 58
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
58
35.m. fPo;f;fhZk; Mq;fpy ciug;gFjpiaj; jkpohf;fk; nra;f ( 3 kjpg;ngz;fs; )
1. Maps serve better than the printed for giving many kinds of information.
In fact, people made and used maps before they learned how to read and
write. Explorers have found maps that had been made by their ancestors.
Sometimes these maps were carved on stones.
tpil : tiuglj;jpd; mtrpak;
gytpjkhd jfty;fis vspikahf mspg;gjpy;
Gj;jfq;fistpl tiuglq;fs; mjpfk; gadpf;fpd;wd. cz;ikiar;
nrhy;tnjd;why;, kdpjh;fs; vOjg; gbf;fj; njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;Ng
tiuglq;fis gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;fptpl;ldh;. Gjpa epyg;gFjpfis
Njbr; nrd;w fz;Lgpbg;ghsh;fs; jkJ Kd;Ndhhpd; tiuglq;fis
fz;lwpe;Js;sdh;. rpy Neuq;fspy; tiuglq;fs; ghiwfspy; $l
tiuag;gl;Ls;s.
2. Trees are very useful to us. They give us timber and firewood. The timber
is used to make chairs, tables and other furniture. We get oil from the oil
seeds of some trees. The leaves and fruits of some trees are used to
prepare medicines.
tpil : kuq;fspd; gad;fs;
kuq;fs; ekf;F kpfTk; cgNahfkhdit. ekf;F tpwifAk;
kuf;fl;ilfisAk; jUfpd;wd. kuf;fl;ilfs; ehw;fhyp, Nkir
Nghd;w nghUs;fs; nra;ag; gad;gLfpd;wd. rpy kuq;fspd;
tpijfspy; ,Ue;J vz;nza; fpilf;fpwJ. rpy kuq;fspy; ,Ue;J
fpilf;Fk; ,iyfSk; goq;fSk; kUe;J jahhpf;fTk;
gad;gLfpd;wd.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 59
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
59
3. Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, weathy and wise. The
early riser has more time and energy to prepare for the day‟s work than
the late riser. Besides, he finds himself fresh and brisk. Early morning is
the most suitable time for study. As the mind is fresh, even a difficult
study is made easy.
tpil : mjpfhiy vOkpd;!
rPf;fpuk; gLj;J rPf;fpuk; vOtJ xUtiu MNuhf;fpakhfTk; nry;tr; nropg;GlDk; Gj;jpf; $h;ikAlDk; tho itf;Fk;. md;whlg; gzpfis ed;F jpl;lkpl;Lr; nra;a mjpfhiyapy; rPf;fpuk; vOe;jpUg;gth;fSf;F jhkjkhf vOe;jpUg;gth;fistplf; $Ljy; Neuk; fpilf;Fk;. mJkl;Lkpy;yhky; rPf;fpuk; vOe;jpUg;gth;fs; RWRWg;ghfTk; Gj;Jzh;r;rpAlDk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. gbg;gjw;F kpfTk; cfe;j Neuk; mjpfhiyNa. mg;NghJ kdk; Gj;Jzh;Tld; ,Uf;Fnkd;gjhy; fbdkhd ghlk;$l vspjpy; GhpAk;.
4. Letter writing is an art. This can be perfected through constant practice.
We write letters to keep in touch with friends and relatives and to carry
important information. Letters are a form of conservation; because, they
involve personal and direct communications between two people. So,
every educated person should know how to write a clear and readable
letter.
tpil : fbjk; vOJNthk;!
fbjk; vOJtJ xU fiy. njhlh;r;rpahd gapw;rpapd; %yk; ,jpy; xUth; rpwe;J tpsq;f KbAk;. cwtpdh;fs;, ez;gh;fs; MfpNahUld; njhlh;igj; jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; Kf;fpakhd jfty;fisg; ghpkhwpf; nfhs;sTk; fbjk; vOJfpNwhk;. fbjq;fs; xUtifahd ciuahlNy. Vndd;why;, rk;ge;jg;gl;l ,U egh;fSf;F ,ilapyhd Neubj; njhlh;igAk; jdpg;gl;l nra;jpg; ghpkhw;wj;ijAk; mit cs;slf;fpapUf;Fk;. vdNt njspthf, vspjpy; gbf;f KbAk;gbahd fbjq;fis vOJtJ vg;gb vd;gijg; gbj;jth;fs; midtUk; njhpe;J itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 60
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
60
5. The Television is one of the wonders of modern India. Many useful
programs on education, health, agriculture and family planning are
specially prepared for rural viewers. Interesting dramas and films are
shown at regular intervals. The Television is also used for commercial
advertisements.
tpil : njhiyf;fhl;rpapd; gad;fs;
etPd ,e;jpahtpd; mjpraq;fspy; xd;W njhiyf;fhl;rpg;
ngl;b. fy;tp cly; MNuhf;fpak; tptrhak; FLk;g eyj;jpl;lk;
Nghd;w gaDs;s epfo;r;rpfs; fpuhkg;Gw kf;fspd; eyidf; fUj;jpy;
nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Rthurpakhd ehlfq;fs;
jpiug;glq;fs; ,ilNa Fwpg;gpl;l ,ilntspapy; fhl;lg;gLtJz;L.
th;j;jf tpsk;guq;fSk; njhiyf;fhl;rpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
6. Food is essential for all living beings. Without food man cannot live long.
Everyman has to eat a certain quantity of food. If he eats less than that
quantity his health will fail and he will fall ill. So, everyman has to eat
enough food to live.
tpil : cztpd; mtrpak;
caphpdq;fs; caph; tho czT kpfTk; mtrpak;. czT
,y;yhky; kdpjh;fshy; ePz;l fhyk; tho KbahJ. xt;nthUtUk;
xU Fwpg;gpl;l msTf;F czT cl;nfhz;lhf Ntz;Lk;.
mijtplf; Fiwthf cl;nfhz;lhy;, cly;eyk; nfl;L Neha;
Vw;gl;LtpLk;. vdNt xt;nthU egUk; Nghjpa czT rhg;gpl;lhf
Ntz;Lk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 61
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
61
7. This is age of computers. Computers are becoming more and more a part
of everyday life. Today in the morning of business firm, industrials
concerns and government departments, lot of information processing is
required. The computer is the superfast information processing unit.
tpil : fzpdp gad;ghL
,J fzpdp Afk;. ek; md;whl tho;f;ifapd; Xh; mq;fkhf
fzpdpfs; Mfp tUfpd;wd. ,d;iwa ehl;fspy; xU th;j;jf
epWtdk;, njhopy;Jiwfs;, muR eph;thfj; Jiwfs; vd
midj;ijAk; elj;j jfty;fisj; jpwk;glf; ifahStJ
mtrpakhf ,Uf;fpwJ. fzpdp jfty;fis mjpNtfkhff;
ifahSk; Xh; fUtpahFk;.
8. Gandhiji loved and respected truth more than anything else. He fought his
whole life to uphold the value of truth. From his experiment with truth, he
came to know that there could not be a God other than truth. He taught us
that our thought, word and deed should on truth. He preached what he
practised.
tpil : fhe;jp[pAk; rj;jpaKk;
fhe;jpabfs;, NtW vijAk;tpl rj;jpaj;ijNa cah;thf
kjpj;jhh;. tha;ikia cah;j;jpg; gpbf;fNt jd; tho;ehs; KOtJk;
fLikahfg; ghLgl;lhh;. rj;jpaj;Jldhd mtUila Nrhjidapd;
%yk; mijtplr; rpwe;j topfhl;b ,Uf;f KbahJ vd;gij
czh;e;J nfhz;lhh;. ekJ rpe;ij, nrhy;, nray; midj;Jk;
rj;jpaj;ij Mjhukhff; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fw;Wf;
nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhh;. jhd; Nghjpj;jijNa mth; filgpbf;fTk;
nra;jhh;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 62
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
62
9. Schools do not stop with teaching the children the lessons alone. They do
more. It is in the schools that the boys and girls form some regular habits.
They learn to behave in an orderly way. They are corrected whenever
they go wrong.
tpil : gs;spapd; khz;G
rpWth;fSf;Fg; ghlk; fw;Wj; jUtNjhL gs;spfs; epd;WtpLtjpy;iy. mjw;Fk; Nkyhfr; nray;gLfpd;wd. rpy mbg;ilahd ey;y gof;ftof;fq;fisr; rpWth;fs; gs;spfspy;jhd; fw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. xOf;fkhf ele;J nfhs;sf; fw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. jtWfs; nra;Ak; NghJ jpUj;jg;gLfpwhh;fs;.
10. Library is a place for reading books. There will be librarian in each
library. He takes care of all the books in the library. It has story books in
English and Tamil. It also has books on Science, Economics and
Commerce. There are newspapers and magazines in Tamil and English.
We can read them there silently. It is a place for silent reading. Books can
be borrowed for two weeks from the library. It is useful for everyone.
tpil : E}yfk; mJ mwpthyak;
Gj;jfq;fs; gbg;gjw;fhd Xh; ,lk; E}yfk;. Xt;nthU E}yfj;jpYk; xU E}yfg; gzpahsh; ,Ug;ghh;. E}yfj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; midj;Jg; Gj;jfq;fisAk; mth; Kiwahf guhkhpg;ghh;. E}yfj;jpy; jkpo; Mq;fpyj;jpy; fijg; Gj;jfq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. mwptpay;, nghUshjhuk;, tzpfk; njhlh;ghd Gj;jfq;fSk; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. jkpopYk; Mq;fpyj;jpYk; ntspahFk; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; gj;jphpiffSk; ,Uf;Fk;. mikjpahf mq;F cl;fhh;e;J ehk; mtw;iwg; gbf;fyhk;. mikjpahg; gbg;gjw;fhd ,lk; mJ. E}yfj;jpy; ,Ue;J Gj;jfq;fis ,uty; thq;fpf; nfhz;L ,uz;L thuq;fs; tPl;by; itj;Jk; gbf;fyhk;. E}yfk; midtUf;Fk; gad;juf; $baJ.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 63
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
63
35.M. fPo;f;fhZk; Mq;fpyg; gonkhopfSf;F ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopfis vOJf ( 2 kjpg;ngz;fs; )
1. Health is wealth
Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;
2. Too much of anything is good for nothing
msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;R
3. No pain no gain
ciog;gpd;wp Cjpak; ,y;iy
4. Haste makes waste
gjwhj fhhpak; rpjwhJ
5. Knowledge is power
mwpNt Mw;wy;
6. Charity begins at home
jdf;F kpQ;rpNa jhdKk; jUkKk;
7. Covert all lose all
Nguhir ngUel;lk;
8. Diamonds cut diamonds
Ks;is Ks;shy; vL
9. East or west, home is the best
vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tisNa rpwe;jJ.
10. Empty vessels make the greatest sound
Fiw Flk; $j;jhLk;
11. Money makes many things
gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 64
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
64
12. Eagle don‟t catch flies
Gyp grpj;jhYk; Gy;iyj; jpd;dhJ
13. Old is gold
fhyk; nghd; Nghd;wJ
14. Prevention is better than cure
tUKd; fhg;gNj rpwe;jJ
15. Slow and steady wins the race
Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;.
16. First deserve, then desire
Kltd; nfhk;Gj; NjDf;F Mirg;glyhkh ?
17. Little strokes fell great oaks
mbNky; mb mbj;jhy; mk;kpAk; efUk;
18. Tit for tat
ahidf;Fk; ghidf;Fk; rhp
19. Work is worship
nra;Ak; njhopNy nja;tk;
20. Time is gold
fhyk; nghd; Nghd;wJ.
21. Birds of the same feather flock together
,dk; ,dj;NjhL NrUk;
22. Every cock will crow upon his own dunghill
tPl;by; vyp ntspapy; Gyp
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 65
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
65
23. Failure is the stepping stone to success
Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;F mbg;gil
24. Art is long and life is short
fy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehs; rpy
25. Look before you leap
Mok; njhpahky; fhiytplhNj
26. Man proposes, God dispose
ehk; xd;W epidf;f nja;tk; xd;W epidf;Fk;
27. Strike the rod while it is hot
fhw;Ws;sNghNj J}w;wpf; nfhs;
28. Familiarity breeds contempt
gofg; gofg; ghYk; Gspf;Fk;
29. The miles of god grind slow but sure
murd; md;W nfhy;thd; nja;tk; epd;W nfhy;Yk;
30. The face is the index of the mind
mfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy; njhpAk;
31. All that glitter is not gold
kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y
32. Art is long but life is short
fy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehs; rpy
33. Barking dog seldom bite
Fiuf;fpd;w eha; fbf;fhJ
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 66
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
66
34. Even a pin is good for something
rpWJUk;Gk; gy; Fj;j cjTk;
35. Take time by the forelock
fhyj;Nj flikiar; nra;
36. A friend in need is a friend indeed
caph; nfhLg;ghd; Njhod;
37. Self help is the best help
jd; ifNa jdf;F cjtp
38. Efforts never fail
Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;
39. Live and let live
thO, thotpL
40. Think everybody alike
cd;idg; Nghy; gpwiuAk; Nerp
41. Manners make the man
xOf;fk; cah;T jUk;
42. All is well that ends well
ey;y njhlf;fk; ey;y Kbitj; jUk;
43. Misfortunes never come single
gl;lfhypNy gLk; nfl;l FbNa nfLk;
44. Do well what you have to do
nra;td jpUe;jr; nra;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 67
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
67
45. Every tide has its ebb
Vw;wk; cz;lhdhy; ,wf;fk; cz;L
46. Small rudders guide great ships
rpW JUk;Gk; gy; Fj;j cjTk;
47. You must walk before run
rpe;jpj;Jr; nray;gL
48. Distance lends enchantment to the view
,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir
49. Measure is a treasure
msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;R
50. Make hay while the Sun shines
fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf; nfhs;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 68
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
68
1. fPo;f;fhZk; jiyg;gpy; vl;L thpfSf;Ff; Fiwahky; ftpij xd;W vOJf
1. gs;sp
gs;sp vd;Dk; $lk; - ek;
gz;ig cah;j;Jk; md;whlk;
rpiyaha; ek;ikr; nrJf;Fk; - ey;y
fiyaha; ek;ikg; GJf;Fk;
tpdh Nfl;Fk; Qhdk; - mq;F
tpiliaf; nfhLf;ff; NjhZk;
Ntw;Wik mfw;Wk; ge;jk; - ek;
xw;Wik xd;Nw nrhe;jk;
2. kio
itaj;ij thoitg;ghs;
thl;lj;ijg; Nghf;fpLths;
Copahfp xWj;jpLths;
cd;kj;jk; fhl;bLths;
jhahAk; fdpe;Jepw;ghs;
jdjhdpak; Ve;jpepw;ghs;
jhpj;jpuk; tpul;bLths;
epfnuhd;Wk; ,y;yhjhs;
mtisj; jiyjho;e;J tzq;fpLNthk; !
mts; fUizahNy Xq;fpLNthk; !
tpdh vz; : 36 - 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 69
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
69
3. fly;
mlq;fhj kdk;NghNy MbLk; flNy
Nahfpah; cs;sk;NghNy xLq;fpLk; eLNt
vz;zpyh caph;fSf;Fk; tho;tspf;Fk; jpdNk
nfhe;jspj;J nfhf;fhpf;Fk; rpy jpdNk
ifiaePl;b fiuiaj; jOTk; xUfzNk
ntl;fg;gl;L tpyfpXLk; kWfzNk
fiuapy; mkh;e;J ftpij Ma;tJk; RfNk
fyj;jpy;Vwp fliy urpg;gJk; RfNk
4. Kaw;rp
Kaw;rpapNy cah;e;J epd;Nwhh;
,fo;r;rp vd;Wk; mile;jjpy;iy
Kaw;rp nfhz;l kdpjiuj;jhk;
KOkdpjh; vd;gh; rhd;Nwhh;
Kaw;rp kl;Lk; ,Ue;Jtpl;lhy;
tpz;izAk; ehk; nty;yyhk;
kz;izAk; ehk; Msyhk;
fijfspy; vd;Wk; thoyhk;
fhtpaq;fshf ehk; Mfyhk;
Kaw;rpNahNl tho;e;jpLNthk; !
KOikg; ngw;Nw Xq;fpLNthk; !
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 70
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
70
5. Foe;ij
$l;LwthNy tpise;jjpe;j nfhs;is ,d;gk;
nfhQ;rp kfpo;e;jhNyh njhiyAk; Jd;gk;
Ky;iyr; rphpg;Gf; fz;lhy;
cs;sk; nfhs;isg; NghFk;
jpj;jpf;Fk; koiy Nfl;lhy;
fs;skdKk; fspe;J tpLk;
Foe;ijAk; nja;tKk;
nfhz;lhLk; ,lj;jpnyd;ghh;
NgWfspy; ngUk;NgW Foe;ijg;NgW
tPLNgW Ntz;bdhYk;
Ntz;Lk; ,e;j koiyg;NgW
koiyg; NgW ngw;NwhNu
kq;fhj NgW ilNahh;.
6. el;G
Gdpjkhd cwTfspNy cz;ikahdJ
kdpjh;fspd; kdjpNy nkd;ikahdJ
jdpkdpjdha; tho;e;jjhy; tho;tpy;thl;lk;
mzpjpuz;L fpilj;jNj ez;gh;$l;lk; !
ehnsy;yhk; ez;gDlNd fopAk;
ftiynay;yhk; fhybapy; xopAk;
Fk;gpLk; nja;tk;Nghy; ehbr;nrd;why;
$g;gpl;l FuYf;Nf XbtUthd; !
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 71
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
71
37. fPo;f;fhZk; ghlypd; jpuz;l fUj;ij vOjp> mg;ghlypy;
mike;Js;s Vw;Gila eaq;fis VNjDk; Ie;jpid vLj;njOJf
ghiytdk; Nrhiytd khf Ntz;Lk;
gRq;fpspfs; mq;fpUe;J ghl Ntz;Lk;
rhiyfspw; gynjhopYk; ngUf Ntz;Lk;
rigfspNy jkpnoOe;J Koq;f Ntz;Lk;
rPiycil fjUilaha;j; jpfo Ntz;Lk;
Njrgf;jp nropj;Njhq;fp tsu Ntz;Lk;
Ntiyapy;yhj; jpz;lhl;lk; xopa Ntz;Lk;
ntw;wpapd;Nky; ntw;wp vkf;nfa;j Ntz;Lk;
1. jpuz;l fUj;J
ghiytdk; Nrhiytdkhf khw Ntz;Lk;. mr;Nrhiyfspy; gRq;fpspfs; ghlNtz;Lk;. rhiyfspy; gy njhopYk; ngUf Ntz;Lk;. mwpQh; $Lk; ,lq;fspy; jkpopNyNa Ngr Ntz;Lk;. midtUk; fjiu cLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjdhy; Njrgf;jp tsuNtz;Lk;. Ntiyapy;yh jpz;lhl;lk; xope;J ek; ehl;Lf;F ntw;wp Nky; ntw;wp fpilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ftpkzp $Wfpwhh;.
2. nghUs; eak; :
ghiytdk; NrhiytdkhfTk;> Nrhiyfspy; gRq;fpspfs; ghlNtz;Lk;. Cnuq;Fk; njhopy; ngUf Ntz;Lk;. vy;yhUk; jkpo; Ngr Ntz;Lk;. fjiu cLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Njrgf;jp tsu Ntz;Lk;. Ntiyapy;yh jpz;lhl;lk; xope;J ek;ehL ntw;wpNky; ntw;wp Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ftpkzp Mirg;gLfpwhh;.
tpdh vz; : 37 – 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 72
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
72
3. re;j eak; :
,g;ghly; ,irNahLg; ghLtjw;F Vw;whw;Nghy; mike;Js;sJ.
4. Nkhid eak; :
,g;ghlypy; mbNjhWk; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp te;Js;sJ.
ghiytdk;> gRq;fpspfs;
rhiyfspy;> rigfspNy
5. vJif eak; :
,g;ghlypy; mbNjhWk; ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp te;Js;sJ.
ghiytdk;> rhiyfspw;
rPiy> Ntiyapy;yhj;
6. ,iaG eak; :
,g;ghlypy; mbNjhWk; ,WjprPh; xd;wp te;Js;sJ.
Ntz;Lk;> Ntz;Lk;.
Fatdpd; if tz;zk; ghidapNy
Gytdpd; if tz;zk; NkhidapNy
ehl;bw;F fz;fs; kq;if
ghl;bw;F fz;fs; vJif
ahidf;F moF je;jk;
ghl;Lf;F moF re;jk;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 73
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
73
38. gbtk; epug;Gjy; :
ngah; epug;Gk; ,lj;jpy; ckJ gjpT vz;iz kl;Lk; vOJf
tpdh vz; : 38 - 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 74
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
74
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 75
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
75
1. fPo;f;fhZk; tho;tpay; R+oiyg; gbj;J mJ Fwpj;j tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f
1. jd;idawpjy; : gf;f vz; : 30
ePq;fs; ahopdpahf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d nra;tPh;fs; ? rpe;jid nra;f
ehd; ahopdpahf ,Ue;jhy; Nghl;bapy; fz;bg;ghf gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhs;Ntd;.
vd; Mrphpahplk; nrd;W vd; mr;rj;ijf;$wp> njspT ngWNtd;.
mth; topfhl;Ljypd;gb ele;J Nghl;bapy; ntw;wpAk; ngWNtd;.
2. kWj;jy; jpwd; : gf;f vz; : 55
ngw;Nwhh; khwidg; gw;wp epidg;gJ rhpah ?
ngw;Nwhh; khwidg; gw;wp epidg;gJ rhp
ehk; vg;gbg;gl;lth;fNshL el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; ?
ehk; xOf;fKs;s ez;gh;fSld; el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,r;R+oypy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba tho;tpay; jpwd; ahJ ?
njspthd vz;zk;
cly; eyj;jpw;Fj; jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; Gifgpbj;jy; Kjyhd
nray;fspy; <Lgl cq;fs; ez;gh;fs; cq;fis miof;fpwhh;fs;.
mg;NghJ ePq;fs; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;tPh;fs; ?
vdf;F ,JNghd;w nray;fspy; tpUg;gk; fpilahJ vd;W
nkd;ikahf kWj;J tpLNtd;.
tpdh vz; : 39 (m ) kw;Wk; 39 ( M ) - 3 + 2 = 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 76
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
76
3. gpwh; epiyapy; jd;id itj;Jg; ghh;j;jy; : gf;f vz; : 84
khw;Wj; jpwdhshplk; ePq;fs; vg;gb ele;J nfhs;tPh;fs; ?
khw;Wj; jpwdhspfspd; kdk; Gz;glhj tifapy;>
mth;fsplk; md;Gld; ele;J nfhs;Ntd;.
khw;Wj;jpwdhshpd; epiyia vz;zpr; rpe;jid nra;Aq;fs;
khw;Wj; jpwdhshpd; md;whl nray;fs; fbdkhdit.
mth;fSf;F ehk; vt;tifapyhtJ cjt Ntz;Lk;.
4. KbntLf;Fk; jpwd; : gf;f vz; : 102
,e;epiyapy; Njtp vj;jifa KbntLg;ghs; ?
ngw;NwhUf;F vg;gbahtJ gbg;gpd; mtrpaj;ij vLj;Jf; $wp
Ghpa itj;J gbg;igj; njhlUths;.
cq;fSf;F ,g;gb xU epiy Vw;gl;lhy;> ePq;fs; vg;gbj; jPh;T
fhz;gPh;fs; ?
jpUkzk; nra;tjw;F ,J chpa taJ ,y;iy vd;W
Mrphpah; %yk; ngw;NwhUf;F Ghpa itg;Ngd;. gbg;igj; njhlu
top nra;Ntd;.
5. kdntOr;rpfis vjph;nfhs;Sk; jpwd; : gf;f vz; : 125
,e;epiyapy; fjputd;> jd; kdntOr;rpfis vt;thW
fl;Lg;gLj;Jthd ?
,e;epiyapy; fjputd; jd; FLk;g epiyia epidj;Jg;
ghh;j;J> jdf;F gbg;Gjhd; Kf;fpak; vd;W epidj;J jd;
kdntOr;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jthd;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 77
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
77
fjputd; epiyapy; ePq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; vd;d nra;tPh;fs; ?
vdf;F cly;eykpy;iy vd;W $wp nkd;ikahf
kWj;JtpLNtd;.
6. rpwg;ghfj; njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; jpwd; : gf;f vz; : 146
kjpaofd; jd; ngw;Nwhiu vt;thW rk;kjpf;f itg;ghd; ?
jpiug;glj;Jiw ,d;W> njhopy; El;gj;jpYk;> nghUshjhu
mbg;gilapYk;> r%fj; jFjpapYk; Kd;dpiy tfpf;fpwJ.
,t;Tz;ikia Mrphpah; %yk; ngw;NwhUf;F $wp
jpiug;glj;Jiwapy; Nru rk;kjpf;f itg;ghd;.
7. rpf;fYf;Fj; jPh;T fhzy; : gf;f vz; : 171
ghz;bad;> jd; rpf;fYf;F vg;gbj; jPh;T fhz;ghd; ?
ghz;bad; jd; jiyikahrphpahplk; nrd;W jd;
epiyikiaf; $wp> gs;spapNyNa eilngWk; rpwg;G
tFg;Gfspy; fye;J nfhs;thd;.
jd; je;ijaplk; jd; epiyikiag; Ghpa itf;FkhW
jiyikahrphpaiu Ntz;bf; nfhs;thd;.
ePq;fs; ghz;badhf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d nra;tPh;fs; ?
ePq;fs; nra;tJ gpbf;ftpy;iy vd;W NeubahfNt mthplk;
$wptpl;L> ele;jtw;iw tPl;bYk; nrhy;yptpLNtd;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 78
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
78
8. kd mOj;jq;fis vjph;nfhs;Sk; jpwd; : gf;f vz; : 200
,yf;fpah jdf;Nfw;gl;l kd mOj;jj;ij vt;thW vjph;nfhs;ths; ?
kUj;Jtkidapy; gLf;ifaha; cs;s jhapd; cly;eyj;jpy; Kd;Ndw;wk; Vw;gl ,yf;fpah jdJ Jd;gj;ij kiwj;J kd mOj;jj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;Jths;.
,yf;fpahthf> ePq;fs; xU epkplk; fw;gid nra;Aq;fs;
vdf;F fy;tpapy; gpd;dilT Vw;gl;lhYk;> vd; jha;f;F gzptpil nra;Ak; tha;g;ghf fUjp jhAld; ,Ug;Ngd;.
9. $h;rpe;jidj; jpwd; : gf;f vz; : 227
me;jr; R+o;epiyiag; G+q;Foyp vt;thW vjph;nfhs;ths; ?
ehis vdf;Fg; gs;spapy; Njh;T cs;sJ. mjw;fhf gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vdg; gf;Ftkha;g; G+q;Foyp $wpapUg;ghs;.
ePq;fs; G+q;Foypahf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d nra;tPh;fs; ?
mg;gh tUtjw;F NeukhFk;. mth; te;jgpwF nry;Ngrpapy; njhlh;G nfhz;L tpl;L thUq;fs; vd;Ngd;.
10. xUtNuhL xUth; el;ghfg; goFk; jpwd; : gf;f vz; : 245
,th;fspy; ahiug; Nghy; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ ?
jkpouridg; Nghy; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ.
jd;dplk; midtUk; neUq;fpg; goFtjw;F vopyd; vd;d nra;a
Ntz;Lk; vd;W eP epidf;fpwha; ?
vopyd; jhdhfr; nrd;W NgrpLk; gof;fj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhy; midtUk; neUq;fpg; goFth;.
cq;fSf;F ez;gh;fs; cz;lh ? vj;jidNgh;?
neUf;fkhdth; ,Uth; kl;Lk; ez;gh;fs; Mth;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 79
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
79
tpdh vz; : 40 - 10 kjpg;ngz;fs;
1. FbePh; trjp Ntz;b efuhl;rp MizaUf;F tpz;zg;gk;
mDg;Geh;
Ch; nghJkf;fs;,
KUf;fk;gl;L,
jpUj;jzp.
ngWeh;
efuhl;rp Mizah;,
jpUj;jzp efuhl;rp,
jpUj;jzp.
Iah!
nghUs; : FbePh; trjp Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy; njhlh;ghf
tzf;fk;. vq;fs; Ch; KUf;fk;gl;L. ,t;T+hpy; %thapuk; kf;fs; tho;fpNwhk;. vq;fs; Chpy; FbePh; trjp ,y;yhikahy; ,uz;L fp.kP. nrd;W FbePh; gpbj;J tUfpNwhk;. vq;fs; Chpy; cs;s fpzWfspy; jz;zPh; Fiwe;J tpl;lgbahYk; Fsq;fspy; cs;s FbePh; Rfhjhukpd;wp ,Ug;gjhYk; kpfTk; my;yy;gLfpNwhk;.vq;fs; gFjpf;F cldbahf FbePh; trjp nra;J je;J vq;fs; Jahpidj; Jilf;Fk;gb gzpTld; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
ed;wp
,g;gbf;F
Ch; nghJkf;fs;
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
cah;jpU. efuhl;rp Mizah;,
jpUj;jzp efuhl;rp,
jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 80
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
80
2. gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; nghJj; Njh;tpy; Kjy; kjpg;ngz; ngw;w cd; ez;gidg; ghuhl;bf; fbjk; tiuf
02.10.2012,
jpUj;jzp.
ghrKs;s ez;gDf;F!
,q;F ehd;, vd; ngw;NwhUld; eykhf ,Uf;fpNwd;. mq;F
ePAk;, cd; ngw;NwhUk; eyKld; tho ,iwtidg; gpuhh;j;jpf;fpNwd;.
New;W ntspte;j gj;jphpiffs; %ykhfTk; njhiyf;fhl;rp
%ykhfTk; cd; ,khya ntw;wpia mwpe;J ngUkpjk; mile;Njd;.
fle;j gj;jhk; tFg;G nghJj; Njh;tpy; khepyj;NjNa Kjy;
kjpg;ngz; ngw;W cd; ,yl;rpaj;ij eP njhl;L tpl;lha;. jkpo;ehNl
cd;idg; ghuhl;LfpwJ. tUk; fy;tpahz;L Kjy; cd;Dila
gbg;Gg; nryit jkpof muR Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sijf; Fwpj;J
Mse;jkile;Njd;.
eP ,g;nghOJ ngw;Ws;s ntw;wp NkYk; NkYk; rpfuq;fisj;
njhl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vd;Dila tpUg;gk; kl;Lky;y; jkpo;ehl;L
kf;fspd; tpUg;gKk; mJjhd;. ntw;wp tpohtd;W eP jq;fg; gjf;fk;
thq;fg; Nghtij fhz ehd; vd; ngw;NwhUld; Nehpy; te;J
tho;j;JfpNwd;.
tho;f! tsh;f!
cd; md;G ez;gd;
fgpyd;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 81
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
81
3. NgUe;J trjp Ntz;b Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fof Nkyhz;ik ,af;FeUf;Ff; $l;L tpz;zg;gk; tiuf
mDg;Geh; Ch; nghJkf;fs;, KUf;fk;gl;L,
jpUj;jzp. ngWeh;
Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feh;, Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fofk;, fhQ;rpGuk;.
Iah!
nghUs; : NgUe;J trjp Vw;gJj;Jjy; njhlh;ghf
tzf;fk;.
KUf;fk;gl;L vd;w gFjpapy; ehq;fs; Vwj;jho %thapuk;
kf;fs; trpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ehq;fs; trpf;Fk; gFjp efuj;ij tpl;L
5.fp.kP. njhiytpy; cs;slq;fp ,Uf;fpwJ. vq;fs; gFjpapy; NgUe;J
trjp fpilahJ. ehq;fs; vq;fs; fpuhkj;jpypUe;J 3 fp.kP. ele;J
te;J FWf;F rhiyapy; te;J NgUe;Jfisg; gpbf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,jdhy; gs;sp nry;Yk; khzth;fSk;> Kjpath;fSk;>
fh;g;gpzpg; ngz;fSk; kpfTk; rpukg;gLfpd;wdh;. vdNt jia $h;e;J
vq;fs; fpuhkj;jpw;F jdpahf NgUe;J trjp nra;J jUk;gb
gzptd;Gld; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. tpiutpy; Mtd nra;tPh;fs; vd
ek;GfpNwhk;.
ed;wp ,g;gbf;F
KUf;fk;gl;L Ch; nghJkf;fs;
ciwNky; Kfthp ngWeh;
Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feh;, Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fofk;, fhQ;rpGuk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 82
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
82
4. eP fz;L fspj;j ,lk; Fwpj;J cd; ez;gDf;Ff; fbjk; vOJf
25.05.2012
KUf;fk;gl;L
md;gpw;Fhpa ez;gDf;F
tzf;fk;. ahtUk; eyk; cd; eyKk; cwtpdh; eyKk; mwpa Mty;.
New;W Kd;jpdk; jQ;rhT+hpYs;s muz;kisf;Fr; nrd;Nwd;. mjidg; gw;wp ,f;fbjj;jpy; njhptpf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;. jQ;irapd; rpwg;gpw;F muz;kidAk; Kf;fpaf; fhuzk;. muz;kidapd; cs;Ns mf;fhy fiyg;nghUl;fs; guhkhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
ru];tjp k`hy; Gj;jf epiyaj;jpd; gy;NtW VLfs;> gy;NtW fhy E}y;fs;> mUk;ngUk; nry;tq;fs; E}w;fis Nrh;j;J itj;j ruNgh[p kd;dh; ghuhl;Lf;Fhpath;.
muz;kidr; Rth;fspy; tiuag;gl;l Xtpaq;fs; fl;Lkhdg; gzpfs; rpwg;gpw;Fhpad. khb xd;wpy; itf;fg;gl;l jpkpq;fyj;jpd; vYk;Gf; $l;ilg; ghh;j;J mjprapj;Njd;.
Nfhil tpLKiwapy; eP te;jhy; ehk; kPz;Lk; jQ;rhT+h; nrd;W muz;kidiar; Rw;wpg; ghh;f;fyhk;.
,g;gbf;F
md;Gs;s ez;gd;
Nuh\d;
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
tPughujp
53 fhe;jp NuhL
muf;Nfhzk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 83
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
83
5. Rw;Wyh nry;y mDkjp Ntz;bj; je;ijf;Ff; fbjk;
25.02.2013
KUf;fk;gl;L
md;Gs;s je;ij mth;fSf;F
tzf;fk;. ,q;F ehDk; vdJ ez;gh;fSk; eyk;. ,JNghy; mq;F midthpd; eykwpa Mty;.
ehd; ,q;F ey;y Kiwapy; gbj;J tUfpNwd;. ele;J Kbe;j miuahz;Lj; Njh;tpy; ey;y kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw;Ws;Nsd;. tUk; Mz;L ,Wjpj; Njh;tpYk; tFg;gpy; Kjy; kjpg;ngz; ngw Kad;W tUfpNwd;.
vq;fs; gs;spapypUe;J Nfhit> Nkl;Lg;ghisak;> Cl;b> nfhilf;fhdy;> kJiu> fd;dpahFkhp Kjypa ,lq;fSf;Fr; Rw;Wyh nrd;Wtu Vw;ghL nra;Js;sdh;. Rw;Wyh nry;y Mapuk; &gha; juNtz;Lk; vd;W mwptpj;Js;sdh;.
ehDk; ,r;Rw;Wyhtpy; gq;F ngw ,irT je;Js;Nsd;. Mjyhy; mjpy; fye;Jnfhs;s mDkjp Ntz;LtJld; nrytpw;F Ntz;ba gzj;ijAk; mDg;gp itf;f Ntz;LfpNwd;.
,g;gbf;F
jq;fs; md;G kfd;
Nuh\d;
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
tPughujp
53 fhe;jp NuhL
muf;Nfhzk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 84
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
84
6. khw;Wr; rhd;wpjo; Nfhhpj; jiyik MrphpaUf;F fbjk;
mDg;Geh; Nuh\d;;, gj;jhk; tFg;G
muR cah;epiyg; gs;sp KUf;fk;gl;L,
ngWeh;
cah;jpU jiyik Mrphpah; mth;fs;, muR cah;epiyg; gs;sp KUf;fk;gl;L,
Iah!
nghUs; : khw;Wr; rhd;wpjo; Ntz;b tpz;zg;gk;
tzf;fk;. ehd; ,g;gs;spapy; fle;j Mz;L gj;jhk; tFg;G
gbj;Njd;. ele;J Kbe;j nghJj; Njh;tpy; 450 – f;F Nky;
kjpg;ngz; ngw;W Njh;r;rp ngw;Ws;Nsd;. ehd; 11Mk; tFg;G
gbg;igj; njhlu vdJ kjpg;ngz; gl;bay; kw;Wk; khw;Wr; rhd;wpjo;
toq;Fk;gb gzpTld; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
,g;gbf;F
gzpthd khztd;
Nuh\d;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 85
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
85
7. rhiy trjp Ntz;b efuhl;rp MizaUf;F tpz;zg;gk; vOJf
mDg;Geh;
Ch; nghJkf;fs;>
KUf;fk;gl;L>
jpUj;jzp.
ngWeh;
efuhl;rp Mizah;>
jpUj;jzp efuhl;rp>
jpUj;jzp.
Iah!
nghUs; : rhiy trjp Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy; njhlh;ghf
tzf;fk;. ehq;fs; trpj;JtUk; gFjp jpUj;jzp efhpypUe;J
rw;W njhiytpy; cs;sJ. vq;fs; gFjpapypUe;J Kf;fpa
re;jpg;Gfs; tiu cs;s rhiyfs; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd epiyapy;
gOjile;J cs;sJ. ,jdhy; mbf;fb tpgj;Jfs; eilngWfpd;wd.
khzth;fshfpa ehq;fSk; kUj;Jtkid nry;Yk; NehahspfSk;
mjpfk; mtjpg;gLfpNwhk;. vdNt vq;fs; Jd;gk; jPUk; tifapy;
rhiyfis rPuikj;Jj; jUkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
ed;wp ,g;gbf;F
Ch; nghJkf;fs;
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
cah;jpU. efuhl;rp Mizah;, jpUj;jzp efuhl;rp, jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 86
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
86
8. njUtpsf;F trjp Ntz;b efuhl;rp MizaUf;F
tpz;zg;gk; vOJf
mDg;Geh; Ch; nghJkf;fs;, KUf;fk;gl;L, jpUj;jzp.
ngWeh; efuhl;rp Mizah;, jpUj;jzp efuhl;rp, jpUj;jzp.
Iah!
nghUs; : njUtpsf;F trjp Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy; njhlh;ghf
tzf;fk;. Vq;fs; njUtpy; trpf;Fk; kf;fs; njU tpsf;F
trjp ,y;yhky; kpfTk; rpukg;gLfpNwhk;. efu vy;iyapd; filrpapy;
vq;fs; njUthdJ mike;Js;sjhy; NgUe;J epWj;jj;jpw;Fr; nry;y
Ntz;Lkhdhy; $l ,Uspy; nry;y Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ.
NkYk; ,q;F mbf;fb jpUl;Lfs; eilngWfpd;wd. mJTk;
rhiyapy; topg;gwpfs; kpFjpahf cs;sd. tpsf;Ffs; ,y;yhjNj
,jw;Ff; fhuzk;. vdNt vq;fs; Jd;gk; jPUk; tifapy;
njUtpsf;Ffis rPuikj;Jj; jUkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
ed;wp
,g;gbf;F
Ch; nghJkf;fs;
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
cah;jpU. efuhl;rp Mizah;,
jpUj;jzp efuhl;rp,
jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 87
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
87
9. Ntiy Ntz;b tpz;zg;gk;
mDg;Geh; Nfh. Nuh\d;;, vz;: 42 n[aghujp efh;,
KUf;fk;gl;L, jpUj;jzp.
ngWeh; cah;jpU. E}yfh; mth;fs;, jpUts;Sh; .
Iah!
nghUs; : E}yf cjtpahsh; Ntiy Ntz;b tpz;zg;gk;
tzf;fk;. jq;fs; E}yfj;jpy; E}yf cjtpahsh; gzpf;F
jFjp tha;e;jth;fs; Njitnad tpsk;guk; nfhLj;jpUe;jPh;fs;.
gj;jhk; tFg;G Kbj;Js;s vdf;F> me;j Ntiy tha;g;gpidf;
nfhLj;jhy; flik jtwhky; Ntiy nra;Ntd; vd;W
cWjpaspf;fpNwd;.
ed;wp
,g;gbf;F
jq;fs; cz;ikAs;s
Nfh. Nuh\d;;,
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
cah;jpU. E}yfh;,
jpUts;Sh;
gpd; ,izg;G : jd; tpguf; Fwpg;G
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 88
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
88
jd; tpguf; Fwpg;G
ngah; : Nuh\d;
gpwe;j Njjp : 20.07.1999
taJ : 14
ghypdk; : Mz;
je;ijapd; ngah; : Nfh. ntq;fNlrd;
Kfthp : vz;: 42 n[aghujp efh;,
KUf;fk;gl;L,
jpUj;jzp.
gj;jhk; tFg;gpy;
ngw;w kjpg;ngz;fs; : 495/500
jha;nkhop : jkpo;
gapd;w nkhopfs; : jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;
jl;lr;R : jkpo;> Mq;fpyk
fzpdp : MS word, Excel, Tally,
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 89
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
89
10. E}yf trjp Ntz;b tpz;zg;gk;
mDg;Geh;
Ch; nghJkf;fs;,
KUf;fk;gl;L,
jpUj;jzp.
ngWeh;
,af;Feh;,
nghJ E}yfj; Jiw,
nrd;id - 600 002
Iah!
nghUs; : E}yfk; mikj;Jj; ju Ntz;Ljy; rhh;G
tzf;fk;. Vq;fs; Ch; KUf;fk;gl;L. ,t;T+hpy; %thapuk; kf;fs; tho;fpNwhk;. Ie;E}w;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l gbj;j ,isQh;fs; cs;Nshk;. md;whlk; nra;jpfis mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;> nghJ mwpitg; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;sTk;> gaDs;s tifapy; nghOijf; fopf;fTk;> E}yfk; xd;iw vq;fs; Chpy; mikj;Jj;ju Mtd nra;AkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
ed;wp
,g;gbf;F
jq;fs; cz;ikAs;s
KUf;fk;gl;L
Ch; nghJkf;fs;
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
,af;Feh;>
nghJ E}yfj; Jiw >
jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 90
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
90
1. rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;
Kd;Diu :
xUtd; jd; tho;tpw;F Njitahd msT kl;LNk nghUisr;
nrytopj;J NtW VJk; tPz; nryT nra;ahky; thOk; KiwNa
rpf;fd tho;T vdyhk;. mijg; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
rpf;fd tho;T :
fhe;jpabfs; gy;Jyf;Fk; Ntg;gq;Fr;rpiaf;$l rpf;fdkhfg;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;whh;. rpf;fdj;jpd; nghUl;L jd;
Jzpfisf;$l jhNk ryit nra;J nfhz;lhh;. Njitf;F Nky;
nghUs;fis itj;jpUg;gtd; jpUld; Mthd; vd;W fhkuhrh;
$Wthh;. vdNt rpf;fdkhf tho Ntz;Lk;.
rpf;fdj;ij filgpbf;Fk; Kiw :
md;whl nryTfis xU Fwpg;Ngl;by; vOjp itf;fNtz;Lk;.
Khj Kbtpy; mijg; ghh;f;Fk; NghJ Njitapy;yhj nryTfis
Fiwj;J> kpd;rhuk;> jz;zPh;> rikay;> vhpthA Nghd;wtw;wpy;
rpf;fdj;ij filgpbj;jhy; nghUshjhuk; caUk;> Nrkpg;G epjpAk;
caUk;.
Nrkpg;gpd; mtrpak; :
vWk;Gfs; Nrkpf;fpd;wd. NjdPf;fs; Nrkpf;fpd;wd. mijg;
Nghy kdpjDk; Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Njit tUk;NghJ nra;tjwpahJ
mtjpg;gLtij tpl Kd;$l;bNa Nrkpj;J itg;gJ ey;yJ. kio
ePiu mizf;fl;b Nrkpj;J itj;J tha;f;fhypy; gha;r;rp gaph;fis
nropg;gila nra;tijg;Nghy Nrkpg;Gk; mtrpak;
tpdh vz; : 41 – 10 kjpg;ngz;fs;
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 91
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
91
Nrkpg;Gj; jpl;lq;fs; :
gs;spfspy; rQ;rhapfh vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; %yk;
khzth;fspilNa Nrkpf;Fk; gof;fj;ij tsh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
,Jkl;Lky;yhky; mQ;ryfj;jpy; khjr; Nrkpg;Gj; jpl;lk;> Vohz;Lj;
Njrpa Nrkpg;Gj; jpl;lk;> ghJfhg;Gr; Nrkpg;Gj; jpl;lk;> KJikfhy
Nrkpg;Gj; jpl;lk; Nghd;w jpl;lq;fs; cs;sd. NkYk; tq;fpfs;>
vy;.I.rp> $l;LwT Nghd;w epWtdq;fspy; Nrkpf;fyhk;.
KbTiu :
rpf;fdkhf tho;e;J Nrkpg;gjhy; ePz;l fhy Njitfs;>
vjph;ghuhj Njitfs;> cah; fy;tp> jpUkzk; Nghd;w nryTfis
rkhspf;f Nrkpg;Nghk;! rpf;fdkha; tho;Nthk;!
2. kio ePh; Nrfhpg;G
Kd;Diu :
“ ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyfk;” vd;ghh; ts;Sth;.
“ tpRk;gpd; Jsp tPopd; my;yhy; khw;wq;Nf
gRk;Gy; jiyfhz;g jhpJ”
- vd;w thd; rpwg;Ng ekJ itafj;jpd; tsj;Jf;F mbg;gil.
MWfs;> Vhpfs;> Fsk; Fl;ilfspy; jz;zPh; Njq;fpdhy;jhd;
epyj;jb ePh;g; ngUFk;. epyj;jb ePiu ek;gpNa ,d;W vz;zw;w
njhopw;rhiyfs; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gNj epjh;rdkhd
cz;ik.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 92
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
92
ePh; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;glf; fhuzq;fs; :
Vhpfs;> Fsq;fs;> tPLfs; fl;Ljy;> njhopw;rhiyfs;
mikj;jy;> tpisepyq;fis tPl;L kidfshf;Fjy;> fhLfis
mopj;jy; Nghd;w kdpjdpd; mopTr; nray;fshNyNa kio ngha;j;J
kz; twz;LtPLfpwJ.
khjk; Kk;khhp nghope;j fhyk; Ngha;> tUlk; Kk;khhp nghopahjh ?
vd Vq;Fk; fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ehk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;.
kioePiur; Nrfhpf;f topfs; :
ePiur; Nrkpf;f gytopfs; cz;L. Vhp Fsq;fis ghJfhj;jy;>
MWfspd; FWf;Nf mizfisf; fl;b ePiur; Nrkpj;J itj;jy;
Nghd;w Nrkpg;Gj; jpl;lq;fSld; tPLfs;> mYtyfq;fs;>
njhopw;rhiyfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; nkhl;il khbapy; tpOk; kioePh;>
jpwe;jntsp my;yJ tPl;ilr;Rw;wp Njq;Fk; kioePiu fpzw;Wf;Fs;
nrYj;jp Nrkpf;fyhk;.
jz;zPh; rhpe;J nry;Yk; topapy; tisTNkL> nrt;tfg; ngl;b NkL>
V tbtNkL Kjypad mikj;J epyj;jb ePh;tsj;ijg; ngUf;fyhk;.
kuk; tsh;g;Nghk;! kio ngWNthk;!
kioiag; nga;tpf;Fk; ,aw;if tsq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjd; %yk;>
tsq;fis cUthf;Ftjd; %yKk; ePh; tsj;ij ngUf;fyhk;.
kuq;fs; vy;yh khRf;fisAk; fl;LgLj;jpr; Rw;Wr;R+oy;
ghJfhg;igAk; khRf;fl;Lg;ghl;ilAk; toq;f ty;yit. ,iwtd;
kd;gijf;F mspj;Js;s tuq;fs; kuq;fshFk;. ,jid ed;Fzh;e;J
kuk; tsh;g;Nghk;. kionahL kw;w gad;fisAk; ngWNthk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 93
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
93
KbTiu :
,d;iwa kuf;fd;W> ehisa re;jjpapd; tho;Tf;F ed;W.
vdNt kuf;fd;W eLNthk;. kuk; tsh;g;Nghk;. kio ngWNthk;. ePiu
Nrkpg;Nghk;. epk;kjpaha; tho;Nthk;.
3. md;whl tho;tpy; mwptpay;
Kd;Diu :
Xt;nthU ehSk; xt;nthU tpehbAk; ek; tho;NthL gpd;dpg;
gpize;Jtpl;l xd;Wjhd; mwptpay;. mwptpay; ,y;yhky; ek;khy;
tho KbahJ vd;w R+o;epiyf;F te;Jtpl;l fhykpJ. mwptpay;
gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd mjpraq;fisg; gilj;Jf; nfhz;Nl
,Uf;fpwJ. mijg; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
kpd;rhuk; :
mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;GfSf;nfy;yhk; Kd;Ndhb vd
kpd;rhuj;ijf; $wyhk;. jhk]; My;th vbrdhy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l
kpd;rhuk; ,y;iynad;why; ,d;iwa cyfpy; vJTkpy;iy. fzpdp
Kjy; ifg;Ngrp tiu kpd;rhuk; ,y;iynad;why; ,aq;fhJ.
njhiyj;njhlh;G rhjdq;fs; :
rkPgfhykhf cyfpy; njhiyj; njhlh;G rhjdq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if mjpfkhf cs;sd. thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp>
fzpg;nghwp vdj; njhlq;fp ,izajsk; vd cyfk; KOtJk; xU
rpW fpuhkk; Nghy; RUq;fptpl;lJ.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 94
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
94
tpz;ntspr; rhjidfs; :
epytpidf; fhl;b NrhW}l;ba fhyk; Ngha; kdpjd; epytpy;
fhy; gjpj;J rhjid Ghpe;J tpl;lhd;. epyNthL epWj;jpf;
nfhs;shky; midj;Jf; Nfhs;fisAk; Muha;e;J tUfpwJ
,d;iwa mwptpay; cyfk;. thd;ntspapy; cs;s nraw;iff;
Nfhs;fspd; Jizahy; epyj;jpYk;> ePhpYk; kiwe;J fplf;Fk;
ePh;tsk;> vz;nza; tsk;> fdpk tsk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fz;lwpa
KbfpwJ.
gad;fs; :
Mfhak;> epyk;> ePh; ,tw;wpy; nry;Yk; Nghf;Ftuj;J
rhjdq;fspdhy; md;whl gazk; vspjhfptpl;lJ. kdpjdpd; ,jak;
,aq;Fk; jd;ikiaf; fz;Kd; fhl;Lk; fUtpapypUe;J nraw;if
cWg;Gfs; tiu gy;NtW fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;F
ed;ikia mspf;fpwJ.
KbTiu :
mwptpaypd; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; gy ed;ikfis tpistpg;gJ
NghyNt rpy Neuq;fspy; jPikfisAk; tpistpf;fpd;wd.
,e;epiyia khw;wp Mf;fg;G+h;tkhd nray;fSf;F kl;Lk; mwptpay;
fz;Lgpbg;Gfis gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W cWjp nfhs;Nthk;.
4. ghujpahh;
Kd;Diu :
,e;jpa kf;fs; Mq;fpNyaUf;F mbikg;gl;L tho;e;j
fhyj;jpy; ‘mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy’ vdg; ghb kf;fspilNa
Rje;jpu czh;it Vw;gLj;jpath; ghujpahh;. mtiug; gw;wp
,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 95
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
95
gpwg;G :
ghujpahh; vl;ilaGuj;jpy; 11.12.1882 ,y; rpd;drhkp IaUf;Fk;
,yf;Fkp mk;ikahUf;Fk; kfdhfg; gpwe;jhh;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngah;
Rg;gpukzpad;.
,sikapy; Gyik :
ghujp jd;Dila 16Mk; tajpNyNa vl;ilaGuk; muritapy;
ftpijghb ghujp vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;whh;. Ghujp vd;gjw;F
fiykfs; vd;W nghUshFk;.
ehl;Lg;gw;W :
ghujj; jhapd; mbikj;jisfisj; jfh;j;njwpa nts;isg;
guq;fpah; tpopfspy; tPuf; ftpijfs; vd;Dk; tpuy;fis tpl;L
Ml;bath; ek; ghujpahh;.
“xspgilj;j fz;zpdha; th th th
cWjp nfhz;l neQ;rpdha; th th th”
- vdg; ghb ,isQh;fis tPWnfhz;L vor; nra;jhh;.
Rje;jpuk; fpilg;gjw;F Kd;djhfNt>
“MLNthNk gs;Sg; ghLNthNk
Mde;j Rje;jpuk; mile;Jtpl; Nlhnkd;W”
- vdg; ghbdhh;. Rje;jpu Nghuhl;l tPuh;fs; NkilfspYk;>
tPjpfspYk; ,tUilag; ghly;fisNa ghbdh;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 96
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
96
nkhopg; gw;W :
nre;jkpo; ehnlDk; NghjpdpNy
,d;gj; Njd; te;J ghAJ fhjpdpNy
- vd;W ghbaJkl;Lky;y
NrkKw Ntz;Lnkdpy; njUnty;yhk;
jkpo; Kof;fk; nropf;fr; nra;tPh;
- vd;W Mizapl;lhh;.
r%fg; gw;W :
jdpnahU kdpjDf;F cztpy;iy vdpy;
,e;j rfj;jpid mopj;jpLNthk;.
- vd;w r%fr; rpe;jid mthplk; ,Ue;jJ.
xUikg;ghL :
rpe;J ejpapy; Nruehl;Lg; ngz;fSld; Re;juj; njYq;fpdpy;
ghly; ,irf;f tpUk;gpdhh;. ‘tq;fj;jpy; XbtUk; ePhpd; kpifahy;
ikaj;J ehLfspy; gaph; nra;FNthk;’ vd;W fdT fz;lhh;.
KbTiu :
tskhd> typikahd ghujj;jpw;F Njitahd rpwe;j topfs;
ahTk; mtUila ghlypy; cs;sd. mijg; gpd;gw;wp mth; fzl
fdit edthf;FNthk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 97
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
97
5. Rw;Wg;Gwr; R+oy;
Kd;Diu :
Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk; vd;wdh; ek; Kd;Ndhh;.
cyNfhh; midtUk; eykha; thor; Rw;Wr; R+oy; khRwhJ ,Uj;jy;
mtrpakhFk;. mjidg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;baJ ekJ midthpd;
flikahFk;. mjidg; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
khRf;fl;Lg;ghL:
czTg; nghUs; cw;gj;jpapy;> Ntjpapay; nghUs;fspd;
Mjpf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,aw;if cug; gad;ghL
Ntshz;ikapy; Njit. fhw;whiyfisg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
fl;Lg;ghlw;w tho;f;if Rw;Wr; R+oiyg; ghjpf;fpwJ.
,aw;ifia mopj;jy; :
Kd;G kiyg;gFjpfspYk;> flw;fiu Xuq;fspYk;>
rkntspfspYk; fhLfs; kpFe;J ,Ue;jd. kf;fs; tpwFf;fhfTk;
tPLfl;lTk; kuq;fis ntl;lj; njhlq;fpa gpwF fhLfs; mope;J
tUfpd;wd.
fhw;W khR
kf;fspd; Njitia epiwTnra;a Miyfs;
Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Miyfspd; Gif Nghf;fpfshy; fhpj;Jfs;>
er;Rg;nghUs;> J}R Kjypad fhw;wpy; fyf;fg;gl;L ,aw;ifahd
fhw;W khRgLfpwJ.
er;Rg;Gif :
cuk; kw;Wk; G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp kUe;J jahhpf;Fk; njhopw;rhiy>
mZ ciyfs; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J ntsptUk; er;Rf;fhw;Wg; Gif>
er;Rf; fjph;fs; Rw;Wg;Gwj;ij khRgLj;Jfpd;wd.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com
Page 98
Nfh.ntq;fNlrd;> jkpohrphpah;>m.c.gs;sp> KUf;fk;gl;L> jpUts;Sh; khtl;lk;
98
tz;bfspd; ngUf;fj;jhy; Bry; kw;Wk; ngl;Nuhypag; Gif
caph;fhw;wpy; eQ;ir fyf;fpwJ.
ePh; khR :
njhopw;rhiyfspypUe;Jk; tPLfspypUe;Jk; ntspNaw;wg;gLk;
fopT ePh; FbePhpy; fyg;gjhYk; tpis epyq;fSf;Fg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,urhad cuq;fs; kiof;fhyq;fspy; mbj;Jr;
nry;yg;gl;L ePhpy; fyg;gjhYk;> fopTePh; Njq;fp epyj;jb ePhpy;
fyg;gjhYk; ePh; khR milfpd;wJ.
xypkhR :
kdpjDila fhJfs; 120 nlrpgy; msT tiuapyhd
xypapidj; jhq;f ty;yjhf cs;sJ. xypngUf;fp> Nkhl;lhh;
thfdq;fs;> tpkhdk;> uhf;nfl; Nghd;witfshy; vof;$ba rg;jq;fs;
xypia khRgLj;Jk; fhuzpfshf cs;sd.
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; topfs; :
Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghJfhg;gpy; kuq;fs; nghpJk; gad;gLfpd;wd.
fhLfis cUthf;fp caphpdq;fisg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;.
kf;fspilNa tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;ij
ghJfhf;Fk; topKiwfis tpsf;fpf; $wp gad;gLj;j nra;a
Ntz;Lk;.
KbTiu :
Rw;Wg;Gwj;ij ghJfhj;J Nehapd;wp thOk; topKiwfis
ehisa jiyKiwf;F fw;Wf; nfhLg;gJ ekJ flikahFk;.
www.Padasalai.Net
www.TrbTnpsc.com