Tamar Kadari, “"Redaction and Exegesis: Rabbinic Literature and its Intended Audience" (Hebrew), Doresh Tov Le'amo: Preachers, Sermons and Homiletics in Jewish Culture, eds. K. Caplan,

enrl aeh yxeczicedid zeaxza yexcd zextqe dyxcd ,oyxcd

mikxer

oltw iniw ß uiaexed inxk ß oli` mgp

icedid mrd zeclez xwgl xfy onlf fkxn

milyexi

mipiiprd okez

xac gzt7

oiihyxtq wxnxwgnd avn :izebde izextq ,ixehqid xewnk dyxcd11

ixcw xnzicaex lr :yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw zl`yldkixr ilewiye zepyxt29

onqexb mdxa`ixewn oyxck i"yx49

jlnpa ihenmiycg zeknq zexewne mipyxc :zeknqe zeyxczihilete zizxag zeaivi xqeg ly ze`ivna67

mieal` awrimdxa` 'xl 'igxf`d ozi`'a miweqt zepyxte zeyxchxet`tx89

oiwlf ihenzexiya dyxcd :'dlkydd oxw mxd ornl'zilikynd dibele`ci`d115

oli` mgp¥ziy`xe dxyrÎryzd d`nd seqn xidwn mictqdizeaxze izextq ,itxbeilaia oeir :mixyrd d`nd131

miidcpela mgpnogea dxwne ibyen deezn :dyxcd zexiya xeneddontiy xenileipwixn` icedi173

oe`il miqpdaeyzd zrepz zeaxza enewne heicdd sihndzigxfnd zecdia zicxgd199

uaewa mitzzynd zniyx231

zegztn233

29

:yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw zl`yl

dkixr ilewiye zepyxt icaex lr

ixcw xnz

oial miipyxcd mlbd ixneg oiay qgid `id l"fg zextq xwga zewzxnd zeibeqd zg`eil`y crid ldw zl`ya ,aex it lr ,dkexk ef dibeq .avernd iyxcnd xeaigdziteqd mzxeva mze` mixikn ep`y itk l"fg iyxcn .miiyxcnd mixeaigd mipeeknle`yl epilr maih lr cenrl ick j` .miniyxne miti ,mirvwedn mipan md ,dkexrdedin ,l"fg ztewza idylk dig ze`ivn mitwyn md m`d ,`lnl e`a md ciwtz dfi`zxhn dziid dne ,miaezkd mdixeaig z` miyxcnd ikxer epeeik eil`y crid ldw

.mzkixr.el` zel`y lr zeperd zeifkxn zeyib rax` zedfl ozip yxcnd ixweg oiad`yipy dyxcd oia xywd ik xeaqd ,onipiid sqei ici lr zexidaa dgqep dpey`xdmlb xneg ly xyw `ed ,epicil eribdy itk miaezkd miyxcnd oial xeaiva dt lraiwxt cenil zrya yxcnd ziaa exvepy zephw zecigin miakxen miyxcnd .xvezezqpkd izaa mdizeyxcl qiqak mipyxcd z` eyniy el` mlb ixneg .`xwndeaikxde etxiv md .she miyp ,mixab ,lecb ldw iptl mcnera miaeh miniae zezayaly dxiyr zxeqn exvie ,dxevae okeza zenlye zeckeln zeyxc ickl zeccea zecb`¤z` cgi exfye evaiw day dkixr zk`ln dzyrp xzei xge`n alya .dt lr zeyxc.epicil eribdy mixeaigd z` zeaikxnd xzei zelecb zeaihg exvie ,zepeyd zeyxcddyxcd ly micixy oiicr ea exzep ,dkixre aevir xar mlbd xnegy s` ,ef dyib itlz` jeynl ecrepy milyne mixetiq ,zexfg ,zeixehx zel`y ,miayegn mipan :digd

.oiipre zekixc xxerle ldwd al1

1,'dax `xwie yxcna divifetnewd zepn`' ,onipiid sqei e`x dax `xwie yxcna zeyxc icixyl25 ,zextqd ,'dyxcd ipn`k l`xyi ux` i`xen`' ,l"pd ;834-808 'nr ,(1971) a ,zextqdyxcn ly ezwelge edpan' ,l"pd epiir dax ziy`xa yxcnl xy`a .79-69 'nr ,(1977)iyxcna xeaiva zeyxcl ze`nbec .289-279 'nr ,(a"lyz) h ,oli` xa ,'dax ziy`xacenlzd ztewza xeaiva zeyxc ,onipiid sqei e`x ,ilaade `negpz ,dax dki` ,mi`pzd2,

xecbia` dnbecl ,o`py xecbia` ly eixwgna `evnl ozip ef dyibl jynd .1982 milyexi.143-133 'nr ,(`"nyz) ` ,zixar zextqa milyexi ixwgn ,'`zgiztd zxezl' ,o`py

ixcw xnz

30

yxcnd zextq ik xeaqd ,lwpxt dpei `ed diipyd dcnrd ly wdaend bviind,yxcnd zia icinlz xeara dxvepy yxcnd zia ly dxivi `id ziqlwd dztewzazexeqn dyrnl md epiciay mixeaiga exnzypy mixnegd .agxd xeaivl `lealya .cinlzl axn mixqnpe yxcnd ziaa micnlp eidy ,minkg ly mditn mixn`neziaa cenild ote`l minecd zepexwr it lr eyaebe mixnegd eqpek xzei xge`ne`yip ,mdicinlze minkg ly znvnevn dhil`l ecrepy miyxcnl liawna .yxcnd

.miaezkd mixeaiga exnzyd `l dl` mle` ,zqpkd izaa agxd ldwl zeyxc mb2

y dcnrixtq md miiyxcnd mixeaigd ik rivdy ,oxhy cec ly ef `id ziyilzeyxc oikdl m`eaa mixenle mipyxcl zcreind zirevwn zextqk exvepy ,xewnmdipirl `le cala mipyxcl ecrep miaezkd mixeaigd .micinlzl mixeriy e` ldwlz` daigxn mle` ,miaezkd mixeaigd iprnp z` znvnvn mpn` ef dyib .zeheicd ly

.xeaiva dt lra e`yipy zeyxcd okez ly crid ldw3

mixeaigd ,mzrcl .xi`n dxtre oef`x`q cx'vix miwifgn ziriaxd dcnrazexewnd z` mibviin mpi` xak md mle` ,mipey mibeqn mixnegn eakxed miiyxcndizextqd mnrh z` ,mikxerd zk`ln z` xwira mitwyn miyxcnd .eakxed mdny

.mdizexhn z`e4

,crid ldw zl`ye dkixrd dyrn ziibeqa ztqep zelkzqd zieef rivn df xn`noia xrt miiw df yxcna ik ze`xdl ywa` .dax mixiyd xiy yxcna oeir zxfraritedl exgapy mixnegd oial jxerd ly ezeyxl ecnry miipyxcd mlbd ixnegmixiyd xiy jxer ly eizexiga oiay xywd lr cenr` .avernde jexrd iteqd xeaigaa` ly eiazka oiir` d`eeydl qiqak .exeaig z` oeeik eil`y crid ldw oial dax

2.448-445 'nr ,251 'nr ,43-17 'nr ,1991 miizrab ,yxcnde dcb`d ikxc ,lwpxt dpei,'eizexeve eixvei :dxivik yxcnd lr' ,onyxid mgpn e`x zxewiale lwpxt ly ezcnr mekiql,lcpn qgpt lv` `evnl ozip lwpxt ly ezyibl jynd .90-83 'nr ,(1992) 32 ,zecdid ircn

Îofg zilbe mieal` awri ,oeqpiel ryedi ,'ycg oeir - dgiztd lre "gzt" lr',(mikxer) mwexly eceakl mixwgn uaew :heitde dcb`d ,yxcnd zextq xwga miycg mihaid :dpeil oeibid

73-72 'nr ,f"qyz milyexi ,lwpxt dpei 'text.3David Stern, Midrash and Theory: Ancient Jewish Exegesis and Contemporary

Literary Studies, Illinois 1996, p. 55; idem, ‘Anthology and Polysemy in Classical

Midrash’, in: idem (ed.), The Anthology in Jewish Literature, Oxford 2004, pp.

128–129jezn cenll elgd micinlz mbe iepiy lg mieqn alya eay jildz x`zn oxhyagxd xeaivl dgeztd zextql ektd md okn xg`le ,elld mixeaigd.

4Richard S. Sarason, ‘The Petihtot in Leviticus Rabba: “Oral Homilies” or

Redactional Constructions?’, Journal of Jewish Studies, 33 (1982), pp. 557–567;5 ,zextqa xwgnl mitc ,'dax ziy`xa ly dkixrd ote`l zexrd :ocra ob' ,xi`n dxtr

330-309 'nr ,(h"nyz).

yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw

31

ipyxt xeaigk ode zeyxc ly dxeva od exnzypy ,mixiyd xiy lr qpbixe` diiqpkd.mipey cri ildwl micrein eidye ,yaebn

mixiyd xiyl zixehqidÎzixebl`d zepyxtd

miniiwd mitidn md dixe`iz .i`xwnd oepwl zelwa dlawzp `l mixiyd xiy zlibnaed`d - miade` ipy oia giy eck zbven dlibnd .mday mifrepdn mb j` j"pza

:dtid dteb dpan z` hexita x`zne ,dizelrn z` dpen ezaed` l` sqkpd

.(` ,c mixiyd xiy) ...KzOvl crAn mipFi Kipir dti KPd izirx dti KPd¦¨¨¨©§¨¦¦¨¨¨¥©¦¦¦©©§©¨¥

oB` KxxW .oO` ici dUrn mi`lg FnM Kikxi iwEOg aicp zA milrPA Kinrt EtI dn©¨§¨©¦©§¨¦©¨¦©¥§¥©¦§£¨¦©£¥§¥¨¨¨§¥©©

in`Y mixtr ipWM KicW ipW .miPWFXA dbEq miHg znxr KphA bfOd xqgi l` xdQd©©©©¤§©©¨¤¦§¥£¥©¦¦¨©©¦§¥¨©¦¦§¥¢¨¦¨¢¥

.(c-a ,f mixiyd xiy) dIav§¦¨

eizFSew' :mifx`k xega `edy Daed` xe`iza milina zkqeg dpi` daed`d mb§ª¨FMg' ,'WW icEOr eiwFW' ,'xar xFn zFthp miPWFW eizFztU' ,'mipFiM eipir' ,'miNYlY©§©¦¥¨§¦¦§¨©¦Ÿ§Ÿ¥¨©¥¥¦

.'miCngn FNke miTznn5cg` xiy dppi` mixiyd xiy zlibn ,mixwegdn wlg zrcl ©§©¦§ª©£©¦mrd ly zepey zeaky axwa egnvy dad` ixiy ly sqe` ,dibelezp` `id `l` sivx

.zepey zetewza6mly izeaxz mlern ohw wlg wx bviin mixiyd xiy ,ef dyib itl.ca` lecbd eaexay mler ,dnecwd zil`xyid dad`d zxiy ly

oeirn dler ,`xwnd ztewz f`n dlibnd ly dzernyn zpada lgy mevrd iepiydjxrp df yxcn .mixiyd xiy lr oey`xd jexrd yxcnd ,dax mixiyd xiyaly sqe` llek `ede dxitql zipinyd e` ziriayd d`nd zeaiaqa l`xyiÎux`axcq it lr mi`aend ,mixiyd xiyn weqte weqt lkl mi`xen`e mi`pz ixn`n

.miweqtd7zixebl`d zepyxtd lr zzyen yxcnd ik sxeb hrnk ote`a reawl ozip

5fh-i ,d wxta xwira miriten cecd ly miifitd mixe`izd.6:dnbecl md ef dqitza milbecd mixwegdRobert Gordis, The Song of Songs and

Lamentations: A Study, Modern Translation and Commentary, Revised and

Augmented Edition, New York 1974; Otto Eissfeldt, The Old Testament: An

Introduction, New York 1965,zelibn :j"pzd mler ,(mikxer) oiilw awrie qwet l`kinmixiyd xiy5,`xwnl ircn yexit l`xyil `xwn :mixiyd xiy ,uiaewf xi`i ;1999 aia` lz ,

e`x ,dlibnd xwgna zepeyd zecnrd ly xidae siwn mekiql .a"pyz milyexiMarvin H.

Pope, Song of Songs: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, The

Anchor Bible, New York 1977, pp. 40–54

7ozelylzyde l`xyia zeyxcd ,upev ontil aeh mei epiir dax mixiyd xiy yxcn ly eite` lrzixehqidd3,c"lyz milyexi ,(w'f edil` dyn mbxz) ,[wral` jepg ici lr mlyede jxrp]

ixcw xnz

32

.mixiyd xiy ly8z` mix`zn `l` ,ynn dyi`e xab zad`a miwqer mpi` miweqtd.l`xyi mr oial d"awd oia dad`d

KPd izirx dti KPd' :dirxd ly diitei x`ezn c wxta mipey`xd miweqtd zynga¦¨¨¨©§¨¦¦¨xcrM KiPW ,crlB xdn EWlBW miGrd xcrM KxrU KzOvl crAn mipFi Kipir dti¨¥©¦¦¦©©§©¨¥©§¥§¥¤¨¦¦¤¨§¥©¦§¨¦©¦§¥¤KizFztU ipXd hEgM .mdA oi` dlMWe zFni`zn mNMW dvgxd on ElrW zFaEvTd©§¤¨¦¨©§¨¤ª¨©§¦§©ª¨¥¨¤§©¨¦¦§©¦sl` zFIRlzl iEpA Kx`Ev cieC lCbnM .KzOvl crAn KzTx oFOxd gltM de`p KxAcnE¦§¨¥¨¤§¤©¨¦©¨¥¦©©§©¨¥§¦§©¨¦©¨¥¨§©§¦¤¤mirFxd dIav inF`Y mixtr ipWM KicW ipW .mixABd ihlW lM eilr iElY obOd©¨¥¨¨¨Ÿ¦§¥©¦Ÿ¦§¥¨©¦¦§¥¢¨¦§¥§¦¨¨¦mr z` mix`znk dl` miweqt opgei 'x yxec dax mixiyd xiy yxcna .'miPWFXA©©¦

:dxez ozn cnrna ipiq xda l`xyi

opgei 'x9on eylby] mifrd xcrk jxry' :[...] ipiq xd iptl l`xyia `iixw xzt

- 'zeaevwd xcrk jipy' [...] ipiq df df i`e [...] ekezn mzylby xd [...] '[crlbd

.dyrz `l zevn d"qye dyr zevn mixai` dpnye mirax`e miz`n oaivw oilin

df - 'jizezty ipyd hegk' [...] zepFerd on oivgexn mlk eidy - 'dvgxd on elry'

dze`a [...] (b ,ck zeny) 'xn`ie cg` lew mrd lk orie' `"cnkd xeacd iptly lewd

zevne dxez `ed sevx mkay owixd - 'jzwx oenxd gltk' ogayn dyn ligzd dry

xd iptl ecnry zeaaxde mitl`d oze` lk - 'eilr ielz obnd sl`' [...] dfd oenxk

xabzie exvia cnrie helyiy in lky - 'mixeabd ihly lk' [...] mdilr izpbde ipiq

xiy) oxd`e dyn ici lr ,jiicy ipy ici lr ?dxezd mdl ozep in ici lre [...] exvia

.(` oniq c ,c dax mixiyd10

;129-128 'nrJulius Theodor, ‘Zur Komposition der agadischen Homilien’, Monats-

schrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, 28 (1879), pp. 271–278, pp.

337–350, pp. 408–418, pp. 455–462; Ibid., 29 (1880), pp. 19–23; Samuel Tobias

Lachs, ‘Prolegomena to Canticles Rabba’, Jewish Quarterly Review, 55 (1965), pp.

235–255,dax mixiyd xiy yxcna dkixrd zk`lnl ,ixcw xnz epiir xwgnd zxiwql .9-1 'nr ,2004 milyexi ,zixard dhiqxaipe`d ,xehwec zcear.

8dnn xg` edynl oeekzdl :xzeia dagxd ezernyna 'dixebl`' gpena df xn`na zynzyn ip`onhie zeawra zkled ip` jka .xn`pyJon Whitman, Interpretation and Allegory,

Antiquity to the Modern Period, Leiden–Boston–Köln 2000, pp. 1–4

9it lr dbedozpei :dp`ilcea cxetqwe` ci azka .gqepd icr lk.10dax mixiyd xiy yxcnn mirhwd lk .`plie zxecdn it lr epiev mewnd i`xndf xn`na

xzeia aexwd `edy ,(164 xe`aiep belhw) 102 dp`ilceaÎcxetqwe` ci azk it lr mi`aen,(`"ryz) k ,ci lr uaew ,'dax mixiyd xiyl dfipb irhw ipy' ,ixcw xnz e`x .dfipbd gqepl

e`x dfipbd irhwe cid iazk xe`izl .23-22 'nrH.E. Steller, ‘Preliminary Remarks to a

New Edition of Shir Hashirim Rabbah’, Gabrielle Sed Rajna (ed.), Rashi

1040–1990, Hommage à Ephräim E. Urbach (IVe Congrès européen des études

juives, Paris–Troyes 6–13 juillet 1990), Paris 1993, pp. 301–311

yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw

33

l`xyi mr ly eizelrn z` dpend zixehqid dixebl`k mixiyd xiy z` yxtn opgei 'xD`xne diitei lr hiitnd xiy cer eppi` mixiyd xiy .dxez ozn onf ,ely `iyd rbxa¨- dxezd z` lawnd l`xyi mr ly eizelrnl mikted dxrpd ixa` .daed` dyi` lydicy ;'rnype dyrp' mixne`d l`xyi ly mlew `ed dee`pd dlew ;zeevnd od dipiy

.dxezd alga l`xyi z` miwipind oxd`e dyn md.dax mixiyd xiya zgeexd zixebl`d zepyxtd z` bviin df yxcn11it lr

,ef zepyxt itl .zkynzne zagxen dxethn `id dixebl` ,zizextqd dzxcbd.zepeirxe zeieygxzd ly zxg` dnly zkxrn mipnqn dlibna mirexi`de zeiencdz` x`zn d"awd ,oitelgle ,d"awd ,dcec l` dpetd l`xyi zqpk `id dirxd

.mieqn ixehqid rexi` rwx lr l`xyi zqpk ly dizelrn12xiy ,ef zepyxt it lrxywd z` zx`znd zizc dxiy `l` ,dyi`l xab oia dad` xiy cer eppi` mixiydÎzeixebl` zehiy rax` lr riavd onxail le`y .eidel`l l`xyi mr oia wenrdlkl zepyxt ly zeaiwr zehiy ezrcl zetwynd ,mi`pzd ztewzn ebdpy zeixehqid

.dlibnd iweqt13mb mpn` likn dax mixiyd xiy yxcn ,jynda d`x`y itkaex it lr mirlap dl` mle` ,zixehqidd dixebl`d jxc lr `ly mihrn miyxcn

.yxcnd lk z` hrnk miqtezd miixehqidÎmiixebl`d miyxcnd jeza

11epiir ,mixiyd xiyl zixebl`d zepyxtd dgztzd izn dl`yl qgiaDavid Stern, ‘Ancient

Jewish Interpretation of the Song of Songs in a Comparative Context’, Natalie B.

Dohrmann & David Stern (eds.), Jewish Biblical Interpretation and Cultural

Exchange: Comparative Exegesis in Context, Pennsylvania 2008, pp. 89–92

12jlnil` mixt` epiir dax mixiyd xiy yxcna zgeexd zepyxtk zixehqidd dixebl`d lrl ,uiaxz ,'ixvep icedid gekiede mixiyd xiyl qpibixe` iyexite l"fg zeyxc' ,jaxe`

dcb`d ikxc ,onpiid wgvi ;149-148 'nr ,(`"kyz)3onpiid .157-155 'nr ,1974 milyexi ,zg` zkynzn dxethn o`k oi`y oeeikn ,'dwihqixebl`' ef drtezl `exwle wiicl yi ik xeaq,onpiid wgvi epiir .mipey minkg ixn`n ly xfetn sqe` `l` ,dlibnd iweqt lkl,(mikxer) onheb ryedie daey dyn ,'oelitl hxt mihqipldd micedid ly dwihqixebil`d'

47-46 'nr ,h"yz milyexi ,iel opgei ly exkfl icedi qenqiplda mixwgn.13il le`y epiir ,dnly ycwnae okyna ,ipiqa ,seq mia:jeza ,'mixiyd xiy zpyn' ,onxa

Gershom G. Scholem, Jewish Gnosticism, Merkabah Mysticism and Talmudic

Tradition2, New York 1965, Appendix D, pp. 118–122zepyxt ly dneiwl zecbpzd .

miicezn mixedxd - dipneqenlet' ,oiihyhebÎoyeb oel` ici lr drnyp mixiyd xiyl zizhiy42 ,zecdid ircn ,'mixiyd xiyl qpbixe`e l"fg iyexit zeawra ixvepÎicedid gekied xwg lrxiyl l"fg ly mzepyxt jxc z` x`zl zerh ef ik xeaq s` oyeb .161-153 'nr ,(c-b"qyz)ik oyeb mr dnikqn ip` .qpbixe` ly ezepyxtl dzeeydl mewn oi` ok lre ,dixebl`k mixiyddnecd ,z`f mr cgi .l"fg ly ef oial qpbixe` ly dixebl`d oia miizernyn milcad miniiwzxyt`n ,(8 dxrd ,lirl) onhiie rivny itk 'dixebl`' gpend ly dagx dxcbd .dpeyd lr ax

zpiiprne dxtn `id izrcly ef d`eeyd jexrl oiicr.

ixcw xnz

34

:le`yl yi dl` mixac rwx lryxcna zgeexd zixehqidÎzixebl`d zepyxtd m`dezpekzna yxcnd m`d ?df xeaigl minkg zyib z` zbviin ok` dax mixiyd xiyeid `nye ?mixiyd xiy z` minkg eyxc eay ote`d z` swyn zavernde dkexrdz` exniyy minkg mb eid ,dnbecl ,m`d ?xg` ote`a mixiyd xiy z` eyxcy minkgjk eyxc md m`d ?dyi`l xab oia dad` xiyk dlibnd z` eyxce hytd caex

?xeaiva

mixiyd xiyl l"fg ly zetqep ze i e pyxt

xiyl zexg` zeiepyxt mb eid ,zxkend zixehqidÎzixebl`d zepyxtd cva ik d`xpepiptl ztwzynd efn dxiyre mipt zax dpenz dlbn zexewnd zwica .mixiydjxc lr zepyxtd :miizya cwnz` zepeyd zeyibd oian .avernde jexrd yxcna

.hytd jxc lr zepyxtde ,ceqd

ceqd jxc lr mixiyd xiy yexit .`

.mixweg xtqn eriavd ,mixiyd xiyl zicedi zihqin zepyxt ly dneiw lr14

dx`ezy zixehqidd dixebl`dn dpeya mle` ,dixebl` ly beq `id mb ef zepyxt`id ,lirlzx`zn `l` ,l`xyi mr zexewa mieqn ixehqid rexi`l zqgiizn dppi`

.eidel` - cecd mr cg`zdl Dnkd ,cigid oin`nd ytp z`15jlnil` mixt` oiad jk ©ycew mixiyd xiye ycew miaezkd lky' :dpyna `aiwr 'x ly ezfxkd z` jaxe`zqtezd ,mixiyd xiy ly zihqind zepyxtd jxca dxeywk ,(d ,b ,miici) 'miycewdqipkl ,midel` zaxwl zbxerd mc`d ytp ly dfrd dad`d xe`izk dlibnd z`

.dakxn dyrn zricile qcxtl16

KlOd ip`iad' weqtd lr yxcna ze`vnp ef zepyxt ly dneiwl zetqep zegked¡¦©¦©¤¤:(c ,` mixiyd xiy) 'eixcg£¨¨

14123 'nr ,my ,onxail ;42-36 'nr ,my ,mely ;151-149 'nr ,(12 dxrd ,lirl) jaxe` :oebk.15Îzixebl`d zepyxtd ,el` zeiepyxt ibeq ipy ik yibcn ,102-99 'nr ,(11 dxrd ,lirl) oxhy

,eixacl .liawna eniiwzd ,zixhef` `idy ceqd jxc lr zepyxtde zixhefqk` `idy zixehqid`nd eay mleq eze`a mialy ipy e` ,rahnd eze` ly miccv ipy md dl`litrn oin.

16lr drnyp `aiwr 'x ixac ly zihqin zepyxtl zecbpzd .150 'nr ,(12 dxrd ,lirl) jaxe`oke ;500-497 'nr ,(f"nyz) ep ,uiaxz ,'mixiyd xiy yxcnl ze`ean ipy' ,oix`iea l`ipc ici66-65 'nr ,1992 aia` lz ,diiqpkd zea`l l"fg oia :eyxcne `xwnd ,onyxid mgpn ici lr.

yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw

35

`nef oae i`fr oa :od el` .qcxtl eqpkp drax` :opipz onz - 'eixcg jlnd ip`iad'

zerihpa uvw diea` oa ryil` [...] zne uivd i`fr oa .`aiwr 'xe diea` oa ryil`e

iptn `l :xn` .melya dlre melya `vi `aiwr 'x [...] rbtpe uivd `nef oa [...]

xn`p eilr .jewgxi jiyrne jeaxwi jiyrn ,minkg epy jk `l` ixiagn lecb ip`y

l`xyil mdl dlbie ifead l`kxa oa mdil` `ai oipn ike [...] 'eixcg jlnd ip`iad'

c"dd `l` dakxn ixcg l`xyil mdl dlbie l`wfgi `ai oipn ike oziele zenda ixcg

.(` oniq c ,` dax mixiyd xiy) 'eixcg jlnd ip`iad'

.melya `vie melya qpkpy cigid `ed `aiwr 'x ,qcxtl eqpkpy drax`d oianoyxcd ynzyn ,xzeia inihpi`d mewnl ,jlnd ly epenx` miptl ezqipk xe`izloky ,xzeia zpkeqnk mb j` d`ltpk zx`ezn ef dieeg .'eixcg jlnd ip`iad' milinaoze` ik fnxa zniizqn dyxcd .melya dpnn eay `l mirecie milecb minkg dyelydyrn'e 'ziy`xa dyrn' - qcxtl ezqipka `aiwr iaxl elbpy zeixhef` zexezzexez oze` ztiyg .l`wfgi `eaiyk `eal cizrl l`xyi lkl elbzi - 'dakxn

:mixiyd xiy iweqt zervn`a ok mb ,ilaad cenlza zx`ezn

ipwf=] ixinb `zicanetc iaq .dakxn dyrn [cnel did=] xinb ded sqei ax

epcnli :el exn`=] [xn] oxnbil dil exn` .ziy`xa dyrn [micnel eid `zictnet

(`yixa) .ziy`xa dyrn [cnlp :mdl xn`=] opixnbip edl 'n` .dakxn dyrn [ipec`

ipec` epcnli=] dakxn dyrn xn oxnbil dfl exn` [edecnily ixg`=] dxenb`c xza

xiy) 'jpeyl zgz alge yac' [epipy=] `pipz [mdl xn`=] edl 'n` .[dakxn dyrn

.jpeyl zgz eidi yacn miweznd mixac .(`i ,c mixiyd17

leki epi` `edy `zicanet ipwfl xiaqdl ick mixiyd xiyn weqta xfrp sqei axik s` .xzqa ,oeyld zgz x`yidl mikixv ceq ixacy iptn dakxn dyrn mcnll

.mzebdle dtdn m`ivedl xeq` ,miwezn md- 'dakxn dyrn'e 'dnew xeriy' ik erivd onxail le`ye mely myxb ,efn dxziwlgk dyrnl egztzd - ezakxn z`e l`d z` mix`znd miixhef` mixeaig ipy

.mixiyd xiyl dnecw zepyxtn18d"awl gaye qeliw `ed dnew xeriy' :azek onxail`ed ,dakxn dyrn `ed ,mixiyd xiy yxcn `ede [...] epz`n z`ltp ekxcy dxeva

.'dnew xeriy19df xac .eitein zenyxzd ici lr lreta rvazn l`d ly eqeliw

17[95 okpin ci azk] `"r ,bi dbibg ,ilaa.1842-36 'nr ,(13 dxrd ,lirl) mely.19126 ,123 'nr ,(13 dxrd ,lirl) onxail.

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.l`d ly ed`xn z` qlwnd ipta ztyegd zelbzd ly mieqn beq ici lr ixyt`mix`znd fh-i ,d mixiyd xiyn miweqtd lr wizr yxcn jeza aleyn did qeliwd

.ifit ote`a cecd z`,dl` mixweg zrcl ,dievn ceqd jxc lr mixiyd xiy z`ixwl zipevig zecr.dxitql ziyilyd d`na dixqiwa igy zixvepd diiqpkd zea`n ,qpbixe` ly eiazka

:azek `ed mixiyd xiy lr ipyxtd exeaigl `eana

zeyx el oi` dxenb zexbal ribd `ly in lk ik micedid lv` bdpndy mixne`e

qd z` wifgdlmdizeaxy it lr s`y `l` cer `le ,cia [mixiyd xiy=] dfd xt

md ixd ,dpynd z` mb zeaxl ,miaezkd lk mixrpd z` cnll mibdep mdinkge

,mlerd z`ixa z` x`znd ,ziy`xa xtq zlgz :mde ,dl` zrax` llkd on mi`iven

lr xacnd ,[l`wfgi ly] eteq ,dakxn dyrna wqerd ,`iapd l`wfgi xtq zlgz

.mixiyd xiy - dfd xtqde ,ycwnd oiipa20

dyrn' - mixg` miixhef` mixeaig dyely mr cgi mixiyd xiy z` dpen qpbixe`xtq ly mipey`xd miwxtd mdy 'dakxn dyrn' ;mlerd z`ixa xe`iz `edy 'ziy`xa.l`wfgi xtq ly mipexg`d miwxta `aend `eal cizrl ycwnd xe`ize ;l`wfgidqitz ly dneiw lr dcirn mixiyd xiy z` mb ef dniyxa llek qpbixe`y dcaerd

.el zxken dziidy ,micedi axwa mixiyd xiy ly zixhef`Îmiiyrn mihaid llk mixiyd xiyn miweqtd zyxc dyrn mvr ik rivd oxhy

.miirevia21:dlibnd ly dny lr dyxca `evnl xyt` ef dcnrl wefig

meyn xn` opgei 'x [...] mixiyay dlernd ,mixiyay gaeynd - 'mixiyd xiy' `"c

epilr zexydl cizr `edy inl gaye mixiy xn`p :`a` xa oerny 'x meyn `g` 'x

.(`i oniq ` ,` dax mixiyd xiy) daxd mixiyd eiptl xn`p ycwd gex

mxebd xiy 'mixiyd xiy' mya d`exe i"xy yxeydn 'xiy' dlind z` xfeb opgei 'xlr zexydl cizr `edy inl gaye mixiy xn`p' :dpikyd z`xydl.'ycwd gex epi

.ycewd gex z`xydl riiql leki miweqta weqird mvry xnelk

20Origen, ‘The Song of Songs Commentary and Homilies’, Ancient Christian Writers:

The Works of the Fathers in Translation 26 (Translated by R.P. Lawson), London

1957, p. 23.oniz iyxcn ,onxail le`y ly `ed zixarl mebxzd2'nr ,a"pyz milyexi ,17-16.

21mb epiire ;95 'nr (11 dxrd ,lirl) oxhyPhilip S. Alexander, The Targum of Canticles:

Translated with a Critical Introduction, Apparatus and notes, The Aramaic Bible:

The Targums Vol. 17A, Minnesota 2003, p. 37

yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw

37

mixiyd xiy iweqta ewqry minkg eidy ixd ,dl` mixweg ly mzcnr z` lawp m`yexit likd mixiyd xiyn miweqt lr wizr yxcn .ceqd jxc lr mze` miyxec mdykxiya cecd ly miifitd mixe`izd zervn`a d"awd ly ed`xn z` x`izy ixhef`opi`y hrnk xy` mixiyd xiy zepyxta zetqep mipt syeg df oeir .fh-i ,d mixiyd,dax mixiyd xiy ik ok m` d`xp .dax mixiyd xiy yxcna iehia icil ze`aiptl cnry ipyxtd i`vnd ly d`ln dpenz bivn epi` ,epiptl zniiwd ezpekznaz` zeyxtnd zeyxca ce`n hrnl zrcen dxiga o`k dzyrp ik okzii .eikxer¥

.oneiw lr mifnexd miccea zexewn wx xizedle ,ceqd jxc lr dlibnd

hytd jxc lr mixiyd xiy yexit .a

gpend ly ezxcbd ik s` ?hytd jxc lr zepyxtl iehia yi dax mixiyd xiya m`ddppi`y zepyxtl `id dpeekd eppeic ly xywda ,cxtp oeir dnvra zwwef 'hyt'

.dyi`e xab oia dad` - mixiyd xiy ly ilelind caexl zeqgiizde ,zixebl`22

zextqa ik xirn j` ,mixiyd xiyl hyt zepyxt ly dneiw lr riavn onpiid wgvi`l mlekk maex epizeax `eti` egc' :mzeg `ed .mihren micixy wx dl ex`yp l"fgxtqay miweqt dnk ik zxne`d drcd z` mb `l` ,`cixb ipeligd yexitd z` wxzg` s` z`vnp `l ,epicia ex`ypy y"dy ly zeyxcd rty jezae .exn`p mheytk

.'mheytk daed`d oiae ade`d oiay miqgid z` dyxity23

ozip ik xaeq ,ixehqid rwx lr mixiyd xiyl l"fg zepyxt z` ogay ,jaxe`mipeeknd miyexit oke micece mirx xiyk mixiyd xiy iweqta yeniy `evnl¥dtewzdn minkg zeyxcl ezrcl znvnhvn ef drtez mle` .miil`ehw` zerxe`nl

:ziad oaxeg iptly

22eniydly mdixwgna xak riten ,mixiyd xiyl zepyxt ly df ote` xe`izl 'hyt' gpena y'nr ,(2 dxrd ,lirl) lwpxte ,(12 dxrd ,lirl) dcb`d ikxc ,onpiid ,(12 dxrd ,lirl) jaxe`oeicl .miweqtd zyxca l"fg miynzyn hytd jxc lr zepyxta mb ik xirdl yi .202

epiir ,mitqep mixwgnl zeiptde gpend zernynaDavis Weiss Halivni, Peshat and

Derash: Plain and Applied Meaning in Rabbinic Exegesis, New York 1991, pp.

52–61.da yi ,edylk hqwh ly eheyt zpadl ixehqidde izextqd ,ipeyld xywdd zriawzl`ye yxc ,hyt :oy zgz oy oir zgz oir' ,oiihypixb xfril` epiir .zepyxt ly hw` dnvr

34-31 'nr ,(1998) 5 ,bpilqx ,'xywdd.23:od zeixebl` `l zeyxcl onpiid `iany ze`nbecd .157-156 'nr ,(12 dxrd ,lirl) onpiid

'x ixace ;(oldl e`x) i oniq ` ,` dax mixiyd xiya ozpei 'x ly exn`n ;g ,c ziprz ,dpyn` oniq fh ,c dax mixiyd xiya dliawnd jezn oldl e`aeiy ` ,` `pdk axc `zwiqta `pipg

(opgei 'x ly enya).

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ly ixebil` xe`izk dlibnd lk d`xpk dyxtzp `akek xa cxn oial ziad oaxeg oia

lr llebd z` mzq `aiwr 'x [...] l`xyi zqpk oial dpikyd oiay miqgid zyxt

ze`zynd ziaa mixiyd xiya elew rprpnd' :exn`na eheytk mixiyd xiy yexit

.(i ,ai oixcdpq `ztqez) '`ad mlerl wlg el oi` xnf oink eze` dyere24

cg` dpwa dler eheytk mixiyd xiy yexitl `aiwr 'x ly ezecbpzd ,jaxe` zrcl¨miici ,dpyn) 'miycw ycew mixiyd xiye ycw miaezkd lky' zipexwrd ezyib mrdketd ze`ivn lr `weec micirn `aiwr 'x ly mitixgd eixac ik xirdl yi j` .(d ,beyxity miyp` einia eid ik dpnn cenll ozip .`vei `ed dcbpkye epnfa dxxyy

z`epiidc ,ze`zyn izaa xwira xnf oink ede`yre ,leg xiyk mixiyd xiy.zepezga25

dpey`xd d`nd seq aiaq `aiwr iax ly ezrtyda dwqt ef drtez ,jaxe` it lrzepyxtd lr ixnbl mzqp `l llebdy d`xp mle` .dxitql diipyd d`nd ziy`xe'x ly ezen xg`l ax onf cer miiwzdl dkiynd `ide mixiyd xiy ly zilelindode ,dax mixiyd xiy yxcna zxfetn dxeva ze`vnp jkl zehrn ze`nbec .`aiwr

.llkd lr cnll lekiy hrnd zpigaa:dnly ly eixtq xcq zl`yl ozpei 'x `pzd qgiizn ,`aiwr iax ixg` zexec ipy

ozpei 'x [...] ?dlgz azk odn dfi` .mixiyd xiy ,zldw ,ilyn :azk mixtq dyely

ozpei 'x dl izine .zldw jk xg`e ,ilyn jk xg`e .dlgz azk mixiyd xiy xn`

xne` ,licbd .xnf ixac xne` xrp mc`yk :ux` jxcn [xaqd ozpei 'x jkl `iane =]

.(i oniq ` ,` dax mixiyd xiy) milad ixac xne` ,oiwfd .zelyn ixac

dil` qgiizn epi` s`e ,`aiwr 'xk 'miycew ycew' dlibnd z` dpkn epi` ozpei 'xdnly ici lr azkp mixiyd xiy ezrcl .dx`zl zpn lr oeyl zedaba e` dyecwamiiepiydne mc`d rah zpadn ,'ux` jxc'n ribn `ed ezpwqn l` .ezexirva jlnd.ezaizk ite`e ezepiiprzd i`yep mb mipzyn mdizeawra ,eiig jldna xaer `edy`xewe ,xrp cer didyk ,dnly ly dxirvd daizkl mixiyd xiy z` jiiyn ozpei 'x`vi xy`k `aiwr iax ynzyd eay oeyld rahn eze`a ynzyn `ed .'xnf ixac' :dlixac .'xnf oink eze` dyere ze`zynd ziaa mixiyd xiya elew rprpnd' cbp uveg

24p] ozp iaxc zea` :od onpiid lr siqen `edy ze`nbecd .149 'nr ,(12 dxrd ,lirl) jaxe`gqe203 'nr ,[oiax - uiaexed zxecdn] `"t ycga `zlikn ;k wxt [`.

25zextqa miriten 'ze`zyn iza'e 'dzynd zia' miiehiade (rexi` :d`xeda) 'dzyn' dlind`xtq ;a ,b mirbp ;i ,`i zenexz ;c ,f ziriay :dnbecl .deevn zcerq ly xywda mi`pzd

gl `wqit mixac ixtq ;d ,a izewega.

yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw

39

eid ,dxitql diipyd d`na ,`aiwr iax ly epnf xg`l mb ik ,`et` micnln ozpei 'x.dyi`e xab oia dad` xiyk ,hytd jxc lr dlibnd z` yxtl ekiyndy

ux` `xen` ,`ped 'x mya `aen hytd jxc lr mixiyd xiy ly sqep yexit,` mixiyd xiy) 'oili icW oiA ,il icFC xOd xFxv' weqtl ,iriaxd xecd oa il`xyi§©Ÿ¦¦¥¨©¨¦

:(bi

dpiln `id okid .myad xexvn xzei z`fd dy`l aiag dl oi` ,`g` 'x mya `ped 'x...'

.(` oniq ci ,` dax mixiyd xiy) 'dicy oia ?eze`

zynzyn `id .daed` mr diqgi z` zx`znd dyi`k weqta zxaecd z` ddfn `ped 'xz` odicy oia `iagdl miypd ly obdep z` ztyege ,dil` aexwd mlerdn ienica

l riiqn ilelind yexitd .odly myead xexv z` mb xzid oia ,mixwid odivtg`ped 'xxexvk icec :`ad ote`a eze` `exwle ,weqtd ly akxend ixiagzd dpand z` gprtl.dicy oia ol ,xend xexv enk dyi`d lr aiagd ,cecd epiidc .oili icy oia ,il xendoa il`xyi ux` `xen` ,opgei 'x mya z`aen ixebl` `l yexitl ztqep dnbec

:ipyd xecd

dfd yexad on dpdp mc` oi` ,opgei 'x xn` - (fi ,` mixiyd xiy) 'mizexa ephidx'

mifx`a dxwn mc` `diy ux` jxc dxez jcnl ,opgei 'x xn` [...] `ed ztkpy itl

.(a oniq fi ,` dax mixiyd xiy) 'mifx` epiza zexew' xn`py .mizexaa hidxne

mipeyd mivra zeyrl i`ck yeniy dfi` opgei 'x cnel mivrd ly zepeyd zeieki`d on.hedxl aeh ,stkpy ,(yexad) zexad eli`e ,zexewl aeh fx`d :ziad ziipa zraon mc` lkl `l` ,minkg icinlzl `weec e`l zpzipd daeh dvrk mincp dl` mixac

.aeyiidxiy) 'il Efai `l mB LwX` uEga L`vn` iO` icW wpFi il g`M LpYi in' weqta¦¦¤§§¨¦¥§¥¦¦¤§¨£©¤¨§©Ÿ¨ª¦dleki dpi` `idy lr xrve ,Daed`l mirebrbe ddink dirxd drian (` ,g mixiyd

d el ;ielba dzad` z` riadldf weqt lr .uega mb ewypl dleki dziid dig` di:iriaxd xecd oa il`xyiÎux` `xen` ,qgpt 'x mya yxcnd `aen

dwilc dltp .alg yeba cg`e] oexina cg` didy oig` ipya dyrn ,qgpt 'x xn`

[oexna didy df ziaa26ezwagne ezwypne ezttbn dligzd .alg yebn ezeg` z`ae

ig` didy il dfan df oi`=] dpnn hlnzpe iwpp`a ig` dedc il dcan `c zil zxne`e

.(` oniq ` ,g dax mixiyd xiy) [dpnn lvipe dxva

2676 owihe ci azkn dnlyedy ,zenecd z`tn dhnyd dlg o`k.

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zwagn zeg`d eay ize`ivn dxwn zervn`a weqtd z` qgpt 'x yignn dxe`kl`vei dxwn `weec edfy yibcn df xetiq dyrnl mle` .lek ipirl dig` z` zwypnedzebdpzd z` wicvdl zvl`p zybxpd zeg`de ,miig zpkqa oezp did g`d eay ,oteczeg`e g`y laewn did `l qgpt 'x ly epnfa ik cenll ozip o`kn .daiaq miyp`ljxc lr zepyxt ly ef dnbec .seb zeegn zervn`a dfl df mzad` z` mipibtn

.dlibnd ly mifrepd mixqnd z` oznl `weec dzxhn ,hytd¥:dpezg ly xywda zwqerd d`ad dyxca dievn ztqep dnbec

`di `ly ux` jxc dxez jzcnil opgei 'x xn` (fh ,c mixiyd xiy) 'epbl icec `ai'

'ipbl iz`a' - 'epbl icec `ai' mrh dn .zeyx el zpzep dlkdy cr dtegl qpkp ozgd

.(` oniq fh ,c dax mixiyd xiy) (` ,d my)

dlkd .dpial epiay mipiipra ux` jxc opgei 'x cnel ,giyÎeck mixiyd xiy zbvdniz`A' :ynn milind oze`a dl dper ozgde ,'FPbl icFc `ai' :milina ozgd z` dpinfn¨Ÿ¦§©¨¦jxc idn ozgd z` opgei 'x cnln mixiyd xiy iweqt zervn`a .'dNk izg` ,iPbl§©¦£Ÿ¦©¨zexnl ik zrcl jixv ozgdy o`kn .dpial epiay mipiipra bedpl el ie`x cvike ,ux`ywal jixv oiicr `ed ,oiqexi`d zixaa e`a oky ,el zaiegn dlkd zizkld dpigany`l` zizkld daeg dppi` idef .mdi`eyip z` ynnie 'epbl `eai'y iptl dzeyx z`xiy ly ixewnd xywdd lr `et` xney opgei 'x .miglven oi`eyip iigl daeh dvr

.ezlk mr bdpzdl cvik ozgd z` cnll ick - miade` oia giy ec - mixiyd27

,zi`xwn dpezg mrtd ,oi`eyip ly xywda mixiyd xiy z` yxecd sqep xn`n:ipyd xecd oa il`xyi ux` `xen` ,wgvi 'x ly eitn `aen

`iixw xzt wgvi 'x - (a ,a mixiyd xiy) '[zepad oia iziirx ok] migegd oia dpyeyk'

octn inx`d l`eza za dwax z` ezgwa] dpy mirax` oa wgvi idie' '`py dwaxa

cenlz=] l"z dn mx` octn `idy cnll m` .(k ,dk ziy`xa) '[inx`d oal zeg` mx`

z`vi ,oi`nx dnewn iyp`e i`nx did dig`e i`nx did dia` `l` ?inx`d oal [xnel

oniq a ,a dax mixiyd xiy) 'migegd oia dpyey'l ?dnec `id dnl .mdipian zwcvd

.(`

27' ,d`p dnly ly ezcnr eeyd mle`,'d ,a dxf dcear zpyn lr ycg han :"oiin jicec miaeh"milyexi ,mixg`e irxc` '` zkixra ,uiytil dvxzl oexkif xtq :yxcnae cenlza mixwgnoileza zkxaa ,hytd jxc lr mixiyd xiya sqep yeniy lr .8 dxrd ,414 'nr ,d"qyzmihaid - `axrn ipa zxiy' ,xhqiw mgpn epiir ,zihpfiad dtewzdn zelelkl miqeliw ixiyae

.170-168 'nr ,(f"qyz) er ,uiaxz ,'dnelr dxiy ly dnlera

yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw

41

.daiaq zexrpl d`eeyda daed`d ly dizelrn z` x`zn 'migegd oia dpyeyk' ienicdwgvi 'x ywan dwaxl ienicd zxarda .oge zlrez zexqg od eli`e ,zipgixe dti `iddwax ik s` .zeixqend dizecin z` - xg` beqn zelrn yibcdle ienicd z` aigxdlxiy .zwcvk dlcbe mdn drtyed `l `id ,dxir ipae dzgtyn ipa mi`nx oia dlcbly zikepigd eznbn .dlkd ly dizelrnl qeliw xiy oirnl ef dyxca jted mixiydzaiaql gxkda dxeyw dpi` zixqend ozebdpzd ik zexrpd z` cnll `id wgvi 'x

.aeh ozga zekfl jke ,odici ena ozeiyi` z` avrl zeleki od ike ,oleciblk jxe`le `aiwr iax ly epnf xg`l mb ,jaxe` zriawl cebipa ik ok m` d`xpdyniy ef .mixiyd xiy ly zilelin zepyxt miiwzdl dkiynd ,mi`xen`d ztewzilkk ,zeg`e g` oia dze`p zebdpzdl dkxcdk ,miigl daeh dvrk :mipey mikxvlicinlz .dpial epiay mipiipra ozgl dvrk e` dzpezga dlkl gayk ,weqtd zpadlxyt`e ,meineid iiga miwqerd mipiipra mixiyd xiy z` eyxc mixkene mireci minkgyeniyl qgiizd `aiwr 'x mb ,epi`xy itk .mdizeyxc z` eyxc mb md df xywday

.zepezga mixiyd xiya dyrpy28

,dixebl`d jxc lr :mixiyd xiy zepyxt ly zpeebn dpenz dler eppeirnd dwgc dax mixiyd xiy yxcna recn j` .hytd jxc lr mbe dwihqindzepyxt

zeprl ick ?`weec ef zepyxt jxerd sicrd dnl ?zexg`d zeiepyxtd z` zixebl`dicil d`a `idy itk mixiyd xiyl dnecwd zixvepd zepyxta xfrip el` zel`y lr

.qpbixe` ly eixeaiga iehia29

mixiyd xiyl qpbixe` ly eixeaig

`ed .dxitql ziyilyd d`na l`xyiÎux`a lrte igy ixvep diiqpk a` did qpbixe`.dpey ite` lra mdn cg` lk ,mixiyd xiy lr mixeaig ipy azk30sqe` `ed oey`xd

xzei xge`n .242-239 mipya dixqiwa mipif`n ly ig ldw ipta e`yipy zeyxc ly

28dpezg ixiy eid dlibnd ixiy ik zprehd dyib zniiw `xwnd ixweg oia .i ,ai oixcdpq `ztqez'nr (6 dxrd ,lirl) tet epiir ef dcnr mekiql .dzynd reaya dlkde ozgd ipta ernyedy

qpbixe` ly eyexitl dncwda oldle g ,c ziprz ,dpyn mb epiir ;145-141.29milcadd on znlrzn dpi` ixvep diiqpk a` ly eiazk oial l"fg iyxcn oia d`eeydd

oeinc lr riavdl ozip ,z`f mr cgi .zercae zepen`a mipeyd zenlerd oia miizernyndxeaivl dipkz ztiygle mixiyd xiy zlibnl rbepa qpbixe` lye minkgd ly mdizeiehalzda

dl` zeira mr mdly zeccenzdd ote`a oeinc miiw ok enk .agxd.30;19-3 'nr ,(20 dxrd ,lirl) oeqe`l dncwda e`x mixiyd xiyl qpbixe` ly eixeaig lrPierre

Nautin, Origene, Sa vie et son oeuvre, Christianisme antique 1, Paris 1977; Joseph

W. Trigg, Origen, London and New York 1998, Part I: Introduction, pp. 1–66

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42

.eicinlz ici lr e` envr qpbixe` ici lr xtqa dt lra exn`py zeyxcd eqpeklgd qpbixe` .mikxk dxyrk ipt lr rxzynd mixiyd xiyl yexit `ed ipyd xeaigdzeyxcl cebipa .247-246 mipya dixqiwa dniiqe ,245 zpya dpez`a ezaizk z`winrdl mipiipernd miwize mipin`nl crep ipyxtd xtqd ,lek ipta e`yipy

.cenlle31oyxcd ly xveid zia l` dxicp dvvd epl mixyt`n qpbixe` ly eixeaigyaibe gqipy ipyxtd xeaigd oial xeaiva `ypy zeyxcd sqe` oia d`eeydd .oyxtde.averne jexr yexitl dt lray dyxcn xarnd lr zeax epze` cnll dleki ,envramipyxcle minkgl sygp `ed ik d`xpe oyxcke dxenk dixqiwa lrt qpbixe`xy`a zeniiw zepey zexaqe ,micedi mr eixyw lr azkp zeax .exec ipa micediiazk oia d`eeyda wqer l"fg zextq xwgn .eiazka xkfpd ixard edxen ly ezedfl,dfn ziccdd zizeaxzd drtydd z` ogeae miiyxcnd mixeaigd oial qpbixe`

.dfn ixvepÎicedid qenletde32dkeaqd dl`ya dcnr hewpl zxniizn ippi` df xn`nalr exary mikildzd zpada qpbixe` ly eixeaiga xfridl `id izxhn ;'inn gwl in'

.mixnegd ikxer ly zrcd ilewiy zpada oke ,ezepyxt ikxce mixiyd xiy

qpbixe` ly ipyxtd xeaigd .`

dpezg xiy `ed mixiyd xiy ik qpbixe` xiaqn eixeaig ipyl dncwda)epithalamium(.33:zeienc rax` da zetzzyny ,dnxc ly dxeva bven xiyd

zepvql dlibnd z` qpbixe` wlgn jynda .ozgd ixage ,dlkd zexrp ,ozgd ,dlkd.zenc lk ly dciwtz z` x`ane zeihnxc34gpenl zeidl zeleki cvik x`an `ed cer

31d mzxeva ecxy `l mixeaigd ipye`) dyelyk wx epicia exzep ipyxtd xeaigdn .zixewnmirhw xtqn .dxitql ziyingd d`na qepitex icia dyrpy zipihll mebxza ,mixtq (drax`

Îd jeza zipeeia exnzypcatenamixiyd xiyl zeyxcdn .izfrd qeitewext ici lr dkxrpy ,zexewn .383 zpya `nexa dyrpy qenipexid ly enebxza ,zipihla od s` ,miizy wx exnzypmixeaigd ly miite` z`eeydl .mixiyd xiy ly mipey`xd miwxtd ipy z` wx miqkn dl`

e`x zipihll mnebxzeE. Ann Matter, The Voice of My Beloved, Philadelphia 1992, p.

29; Elizabeth Clark, ‘The Uses of the Song of Songs: Origen and the Later Latin

Fathers’, Ascetic Piety and Women’s Faith, New York 1986, p. 387, f. 11

32oiihyhebÎoyeb e`x mixiyd xiyl ixvepÎicedid qenletd lr mixwgnd ly dtiwn dxiwqlzeezdl dqpne mixwgnd ly mdizeyleg lr riavn oyeb .190-119 'nr ,(13 dxrd ,lirl)

qenlet ly eneiw zriawl mixexa millk.33268 'nr oke 22-21 'nr ,(20 dxrd ,lirl) qpbixe`.34qepixcpqkl` qwcewa .268-267 'nr ,zeyxca oke 58 'nr ,23 'nr ,21 'nr ,my e`x

,dxitql ziyingde ziriaxd d`nd on mirayd mebxz ly minecw ci iazk ipy ,qewihi`piqee`x .mixaecd zeny z` zepiivnd miweqtd cvl dnec` eica zeiaezik e`vnpJay Curry

yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw

43

) 'ipevigd mc`d' l` dpetd zpvgen zg`d ,zeliawn zeiernyn izy cg`outward

man(,zxg`de) 'iniptd mc`'l zcreind ,ziniptinner maniweqt ,qpbixe` zrcl .(myiin `ed eay ote`l dnbec dpd .zernyn icaex dnka mixaec mnvr mixiyd xiy

:micnelnd xeaivl ipyxtd exeaiga ezhiy z`

'ixd ,heyt xetiqk df weqt `xwp m` [...] (a ,` mixiyd xiy) 'edit zewiypn ipwyi

,`id ,ax onf df e`ea z` akrn ozgdy oeeik mle` [...] dnad lr dritend dlk d`xp

] ziaa el dtvn ,ezad`l zlgiind...dxeva bvend ,iynnd xetiqd ly okezd edf [

.dnxc ly

.dl` zexeyl mi`zdl `id s` dleki xiyd ly ziniptd ezernyn m` d`xp dad mle`

[...] qehqixkd [daed`] mr cg`zdl ddnkd ,diiqpkd [dlkd] didz ef zernyn it lr

ia` ,jil` izywa zgley ip` [...] :zxne`e zxacnd `id ziveaiw zeiyi`k diiqpkd

mixyinae envra `eaiy [...] eze` glyze izad` lr mgxzy jiptl zppgzne ,ipzg

[...] edit zewiypn epwyie

md diteqik lky [dlkd] dnypd idef ik x`ap dad epiyexit ly ziyilyd dnxa

eznkeg ixzqnl qpkidle ,zerxa enir zexyle [cecd] l`d xac mr cg`zdl

.ininyd dpzg ly miiniptd eixcg mdy ,eizericie35

,ilelind caexd :zernyn icaex dyelya mixiyd xiy iweqt z` x`an qpbixe`36

dlkd ly diteqik - 'dnxc ly dxeva bvend ,iynnd xetiqd' dpkn `ed eze`y`ed ipyd caexd .dziaa el dtvn `idy zra dal zel`yne ,dpzgl dqxe`nddiiqpkd ly diteqikl dixebl` idef qpbixe` itl - milind ly ziniptd zernynd

.eyi mr cg`zdl37l`d zeevn z`e miwegd z` mik`lndne mi`iapdn dlaiwy ,dlkd,eyi `ed ,jlnd ly epa mr di`eyipl zrk dtvn ,dly oiqexi`d zepznn wlgkzencwzd ly jildz epyi eitle ihqind yexitd `ed iyilyd caexd .`ealn akrzndcr ,zipgexd ze`ivna zewaczde zifitd zeiptebd jezn zewzpzd ,cigid ytpa

.didel` mr seqal zcg`zn `idy

Treat, Lost Keys – Text and Interpretation in Old Greek Song of Songs and Its

Earliest Manuscript Witnesses, Ph.D Thesis, University of Pennsylvania,

Philadelphia 1996, pp. 399–407

35eneiwl dgkedk xwgna `aed df rhw ly ixebl`d ewlg .60-58 'nr ,(20 dxrd ,lirl) qpbixe`o`k hhev df wlg ,153-152 'nr ,(12 dxrd ,lirl) jaxe` e`x ,ixvepÎicedi qenlet ly

73-70 'nr ,(16 dxrd ,lirl) onyxid rivd zxg` zepyxt .jaxe` ly ixard enebxza.36e`x qpbixe` lv` 'zilelin zepyxt' iehiad zernyn lrFrances M. Young, Biblical

Exegesis and the Formation of Christian Culture, Cambridge 1997, pp. 186–189

37diiqpkd zea` iazka dixebl` ly mipey mibeq dpeny lr riavn ,192-189 'nr ,my ,bp`i.

ixcw xnz

44

ecxyy mixtqa ike ,df eyexita aiwr mpn` `ed ik mi`xn qpbixe` ly eixweg.mixiyd xiyl ezepyxt lk jxe`l el` zernyn icaex zyely miriten38ef dcaer

zixebl`d zepyxtd ik cnln qpbixe` ly eiazka oeird .al zneyzl die`xe zpiiprnmixiyd xiyll`xyiÎux`a eid dxitql ziyilyd d`na ;dcigid zepyxtd dziid `l

jxc lre hytd jxc lr mb mle` ,dixebl`d jxc lr mixiyd xiy z` eyxity mixvep.l"fg lv` mb ep`vny itk ,dwihqind39

qpbixe` ly eizeyxc .a

oq'bxeh ox`w mle` ,mixiyd xiya qpbixe` `veny zernyn icaex dyely lr epravd- ipyd exeaiga .mixiyd xiyl ipyxtd exeaiga ,df xeaiga wx miniiw md ik dz`xdmixiyd xiy z` qpbixe` yxtn - agxd xeaivd ipta exn`py mixiyd xiyl zeyxcddiv`ehiqd xe`iz lr blcn `ed .eyie diiqpkd oia dad` xetiqk xiyie iciin ote`a.zihqind zepyxtl fnx lk hinyne ,dlilrde zeiencd zcnrd lre zihnxcd

.ixebl`d ociwtz jezl dlgzddn ewvep zeiencd dl` eizeyxca40

.agxd xeaivd ipta zihqinde zilelind zepyxtd ztiygn yyg qpbixe` ik d`xp:ipyxtd xeaigl dncwda azek `ed jke

yi jk ,dl`l ,[miipgexd=] miiniptd mdiiga zeclie zewpi ly alya mi`vnpd dl`l

elkei `l dl` [...] [wven lke`n=] fr xyan `le ,eyi ly ealgn mipefipd ,xnel¨

oefn eze` ievn mixiyd xiy ly milina oky .dl`d mixacd zernyn z` qetzl

oefne (14 ,d mixard l`) 'minlyenl `ed wvend lk`nd j`' mi`iapd mixne` eilry

'rxl aeh oia oigadl iyrnd oeiqipd ici lr elbxed mdiyeg xy`' mipif`nl `xew df

xiy l`=] eil` axwi ,[ze`ivnd=] xyad ixg` wx igd mc` m` ,mxa [...] (my)

.dhren `l dpkq mexbz [dlibna=] dl` miazka d`ixwd df mc`ly ixd ,[mixiyd

[mixiyd xiy=] dad`d ly dztyl oif`dl cvik rcei epi` xy` [mc`d] `ed oky

mc`dn wgxd mixacd z` rnyi day jxcd z` aaeqi ,zexedh miipfe`ae zeripva

38Karen Torjesen, Hermeneutical Procedure and Theological Method in Origen’s

Exegesis, Berlin–New-York 1986, pp. 54–57 and Appendix D, pp. 156–160

39.micax dyely zllekd ,qpbixe` enk mixiyd xiyl dnec zepyxta wifgd opgei 'x mb ik xyt`epiirTamar Kadari, ‘Rabbinic and Christian Models of Interaction on the Song of

Songs’, Marcel Poorthuis, Joshua Schwartz, Joseph Turner (eds.), Interaction

Between Judaism and Christianity in History, Religion, Art and Literature, Jewish

and Christian Perspectives 17, Leiden–Boston 2009, pp. 65–82

40160-156 'nr gtqpae 59-58 'nr ,(38 dxrd ,lirl) oq'bxeh.

yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw

45

gthie ,xyad l` gexdn wgxd dptie .inybde ipevigd mc`d l` ipgexde iniptd

eze` miwgece ea mivi`n mnvr ycewd iazk ik el dncie ,miinyb miiee`n envra

xhtp `l oiicry in lkl uilnne uriin ip` ,df mrhn ,ok lr .zinybd dee`zl

oihelgl rpniy ,iyep`d erahay dweyzd z` yegl wqt `le mce xya zeb`cn

.eilr exn`iy mixacdne dfd ohwd xtqd ly ez`ixwn41

dcin dze`ae mixiyd xiy ly miihqind zeceql agxd ldwd z` seygl yyg qpbixe`iptn ei`xew z` xidfn `ed .hqwhd ly dheytd zernynl eqtzii ik dvx `l

.xyad zee`zl ,ilelind caexl zeqtzidly dpeyd crid ldwn raep ,qpbixe` ly eixeaig ipy oia lcadd ,mixwegd zrcl

.mdn cg` lk42- mkxc ziy`xa mipin`ne mihalzn ly lecb ldwl ecrep zeyxcdmde 'alg' lr oiicr zqqean mzpefzy ,'zeclid'e 'zewpid' alya oiicr mi`vnpd dl`lr mixiyd xiyl zepyxtd mr ccenzdl mileki mpi` md ;'xya' lkrl milbeqn mpi`mexbl dlelre mdl zpkeqn `id dl` mixnegl dtiyg .dwihqind jxc lre hytd jxceligzdy dl` ,miwizeed eipin`nl crep ipyxtd xeaigd ,z`f znerl .iynn wfp mdlz` oiadle miiptebd mixe`izl lrn zelrzdl milbeqne zenlyd zebxcna litrdl,'xya' lek`l milbeqn xak md .mdixeg`n zxzzqnd dwenrd zipgexd zernynd

.ztqkpd zihqind zepyxtd inexn l` mb d`ld litrdle jiyndl milekie

dax mixiyd xiya dkixr zenbn

mdipya .ztl`n `id mixiyd xiy lr l"fg iyxcn oial qpbixe` iazk oia d`eeyddjxc lre dixebl`d jxc lr ,hytd jxc lr :micax dyely za zepyxt zniiwzepyxtl dxexa dtcrd zxkipe lek ipirl sygp eppi` dfd oeebnd j` ,dwihqindyely z` xnye xeaiva eizeyxcl zixebl`d zepyxtd z` cgii qpbixe` .zixebl`di`vnd :dketd jxc ehwp l"fg eli`e ;avernde jexrd ipyxtd exeaigl zepyxtd zenxxeaigd eli`e ,zepyxt ly zenx yelya miweqtd z` eyxc minkgdy jk lr riavn

.zixebl`d zepyxtd z` `weec xniy jexrdxyt` .dax mixiyd xiy jxer z` dgpd dn oegal yi ,ef drtez xiaqdl zpn lrxiy ik jkn cenll ozip .exeaig z` oeeik eil`y crid ldwn rtyed ezrc lewiy ikezrc itly mixneg jxerd epnn hinyd okle ,agx miprnp xeaivl crep dax mixiyd

41ily mebxzd .23-22 'nr ,(20 dxrd ,lirl) qpbixe`.42,(31 dxrd ,lirl) xh`n ;(38 dxrd ,lirl) oq'bxeh ;427-386 'nr ,(31 dxrd ,lirl) wx`lw

31-25 'nr.

ixcw xnz

46

eyyg z` oiadl lw .dfn zilelind zepyxtde ,dfn zihqind zepyxtd - mipkeqn eid`le micigi ly mzlgp dziid `id ,cgeind diite` lya ;ceqd jxc lr zepyxtd onminkg icinlz wx .yxcnd ziaa ianet cenill mb enk dt lray zeyxcl dni`zdzgze zephw zeveawa wx z`f s`e ,df beqn zeixhef` zexeza weqrl eyxed mixgapixtq xzi lk z` cenll eniiqy xg`le ,xbean libl eribdyn :zexeng zelabdmixnega weqira dpenhd dpkqd lr cnln qcxtl eqpkpy drax`a dyrnd .`xwnd

.mirecie milecb minkg icinlzl elit` miixhef`reapl leki ,mixiyay il`xd xeyinl zqgiiznd ,zilelind zepyxtd iptn yygdcvik cenll ozip mixiyd xiya dyi`e xab oia dad`d xe`izn ik epi`x .xg` ripnnxy`k el zqxe`nd ezlkl qgiizdl ozgl ie`x cvik ;dpial epiay mipiipra bedpl yizepyxtd ly dzpkq mle` .ezia z` zepal mc`l i`ck cvik ;dtegl `a `ed

g zenkqena dcixnl `iadl dlelrd dlibnd ly zefrepa dverp zilelind,zeizxaweqird ,mihxetnd miiptebd mixe`izd mb .dyea xcridle mipind oia oeieeylipira epkiqy xyt` dlibna zizcd dxiee`d xcride ,miade`d ly mixeq`d mdiee`na

.zelaewnd zenxepde miizxagd mixcqd z` jxerd§xga ,dxitql zipinyd e` ziriayd d`na igy ,dax mixiyd xiy jxer ik d`xprpnidle ,zixehqidd dixebl`d ly mipzi`d dizeceqi lr exeaig zizyz z` gipdldax mixiyd xiy jxer ly eilewiy ,df xaqd itl .eiptl eidy zexg` zeyxc `iadlnqpbixe`y myk :mdipia zecixtn zeax mipy ik s` ,qpbixe` ly eilewiyl minecdax mixiyd xiy jxer mb jk ,zepyxtd zenx yelyl agxd ldwd ztiygn yyg

.agxd xeaivd ipta zihqinde zilelind zepyxtd ztiygn yygceqd jxc lr zepyxt zetwyn oky dax mixiyd xiya zehren zeyxc oze`miyxcna zeriten od - 'dxxb ab`' mixwnd ziaxna ealey ,hytd jxc lr zepyxtedax mixiyd xiy jxer uaiy dze`y ,dlecb ziyxcn daihgn wlgk xzei minecw

.exeaiga dzenlya43

xeaig - dax mixiyd xiy ly crid ldw zl`yl daeyzd zxdazn df oeir jezn

43wlg `ed (` oniq fh ,c dax mixiyd xiy) 'epbl icec `ai' opgei 'x ly lirl exn`n ,dnbecl,1 'nr ,[miealcpn zxecdn] 'zelk meia idie' ` ,` `pdk axc `zwiqta dritend `zgiztn

,mixn`nd xcq iepiya ik s` ,dzenlya daley xy`'x ly lirl exn`n ;dax mixiyd xiyadax `xwiea `zgiztn wlg `ed (` oniq a ,a dax mixiyd xiy) 'migegd oia dpyeyk' wgvixetiqd ;dax mixiyd xiya dzenlya d`aedy ,dlwz-ekwz 'nr ,[zeilbxn zxecdn] f-` ,bk`zwiqta `zgiztn wlgk riten ,(` oniq ` ,g dax mixiyd xiy) mig`d ipy zece`Îlr lirldax mixiyd xiya dritend ,272-270 'nr ,[miealcpn zxecdn] 'engp' d ,fh `pdk axc

(miiepiya).

yxcnd zextq ly crid ldw

47

dpwa dler ef dqitz .minkg icinlz ly dhil`l wx `le agx miprnp xeaivl crep dfonyxid :mitqep miiyxcn mixeaigl rbepa yxcn ixweg ly mdizexryd mr cg`micnell wiprdl dziid ezxhne ,dictelwivp` oirnk jxrp dax zldw yxcn ik rivd,zihxcphqd micenild zipkzn wlg did `ed ,eixacl .mipey zrc inegza ax rci

.inexÎipeeid jepigl dneca44ly ezkixr zxhn iabl dnec drvd rivd iwv`qiee.dax `xwie yxcn45jxr e`x miphwld ik mieal` azk mixge`nd mihewlil rbepa

.agxd xeaivl dze` xiardl evxe ziyxcnd zxeqna ikepige izc46

*

zepey zenxa mixiyd xiya ewqr dxitql zepey`xd ze`na mixvepe micedi ,mekiqlxeaig zxivi ,mle`e .zihqinÎzixhef`e ,zixehqidÎzixebl` ,zilelin :zepyxt lyoeekn eil`y crid ldwn miraepd micgein milewiy zraez aezke jexr ipyxtea `iadl xga ,cala zipcnl dhil`l ipyxtd exeaig z` criiy ,qpbixe` .xeaigdcriie eixg` zexec dnk lrty ,dax mixiyd xiy jxer eli`e .micaxd zyely lk z`

.zixehqidÎzixebl`d zernyna cwnzdl xga ,agxd ldwl exeaig z`xeaivl dpetd xeaigl jtd ok` dax mixiyd xiy ik ze`xl xyt` xeg`l hanamixeaig ly miphwll mlb xneg yniy `ed ezkixr xg`l cin xak .agx miprnp©dtewzae ,dax xacnae izax `zwiqt ,`negpz iyxcn ,dax zldw oebk ,mixg`

aley s` xzei zxge`nik zcnln ze`ivnd .lecbd yxcnae iperny hewlid jeza.diiqelke`d ly zepeebne zeax zeakyl oiipr lra xeaigl jtd dax mixiyd xiy

eil`y crid ldw zl`ya zepeyd zeixwgnd zeyibd zbvda xn`nd z` epgzt,xi`ne oef`x`q ly mzyiba zeknez xn`nd zepwqn .yxcnd zextq zpeeknezxivi ixt ,xnbend izextqd xvezd oial miipyxcd mlbd ixneg oia mipigandz` mvnvl xga jxerd ik ,d`xp epiptly dxwna .yxcnd jxer ly ezrc lewiyehytd zepyxt ipt lr zixehqidd dixebl`d ztcrd jez zeipyxtd zecezndagxd ldwd ly ezaehk eipira qtzpy dn ly milewiyn z`fe ,zihqind zepyxtde

.exeaig z` crii eil`y

44Marc Hirshman, ‘The Greek Fathers and the Aggada on Ecclesiastes: Formats of

Exegesis in Late Antiquity’, Hebrew Union College Annual, 59 (1988), pp. 137–165

45Burton L. Visotzky, Golden Bells and Pomegranates; Studies in Midrash Leviticus

Rabbah, M. Hengel & P. Schäfer (eds.), Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism, Vol.

94, Germany 2003, p. 22; pp. 178–179

46Jacob Elbaum, ‘Yalqut Shim’oni and the Medieval Midrashic Anthology’,

Prooftexts, 17 (1997), pp. 133–151