Tamandua tetradactyla

MORBIDITY & MORTALITY IN THE GIANT

ANTEATER(Myrmecophaga tridactyla) & TAMANDUA

(Tamandua tetradactyla)

A Margarita Woc Colburn, DVM

1995 Diniz et al.

São Paulo Zoo

PREVIOUS STUDIES

© Mehgan Murphy, NZP

2001 Morford and Meyers

North America survey

2006 Miranda et al.

Survey of Brazilian zoos

2003 Miranda et al.

São Paulo Zoo survey 1964-2003

Cachexia/Malnutrition/GI

Cardiac disease

Trauma

Sepsis/DIC

Pneumonia

PREVIOUS STUDIES

©Amiee Stubbs

Top 5 causes of morbidity:

NORTH AMERICAN SURVEY 2004-2015

Giant Anteater 50 Institutions84% ResponseTotal deaths = 70

©Amiee Stubbs

Tamandua38 Institutions79 % responseTotal deaths = 64 animals

GIANT ANTEATER MORTALITY BY AGE GROUP

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5"

10"

15"

20"

25"

30"

35"

JUVENILE"(0/1"YRS)"SUB/ADULT"(1"/"5"YRS)"

ADULT"(5/15"YRS)"

GERIATRIC"(15+"YRS)"

GIANT ANTEATER MORBIDITY SUMMARY

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TOP MORBIDITIES

Infectious

Pneumonia

Nutrition

1/3 DCM

Degenerative

Trauma

TOP MORBIDITIES

Neonate/Juvenile: Trauma Reproductive

Subadults: Infectious

Adult/Geriatric:DegenerativeInfectiousNutritionalNeoplasia© Christian Sperka

TAMANDUA MORTALITY BY AGE GROUP

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TAMANDUA MORBIDITY SUMMARY

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TAMANDUA 1-5 YRS MORBIDITY

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TOP TAMANDUA MORBIDITIES

Degenerative Diseases

Cardiac Disease

Renal Disease

Infectious

© Sandy Skeba

TAMANDUA TOP MORBIDITIES

Neonate/Juveniles:

Reproductive disorders

Infectious

Adults:

Degenerative diseases

Subadults:

Infectious

©Amiee Stubbs

Age Group Giant Anteater Tamandua

Neonate/Juvenile

Reproductive Trauma

Reproductive Infectious

Subadult Infectious Infectious

Adult- Geriatric

Degenerative Nutritional Infectious Neoplasia

Degenerative Renal Disease Cardiac Disease

NEXT STEPS

Other surveys

Europe

Latin America

Research

Animal Care Manual

Morbidity

THANK YOU Alexandria Zoo Assiniboine Zoo Audubon Zoo Birmingham Zoo Brookfield Zoo Caldwell Zoo Cincinnati Zoo Cleveland Park Zoo Columbus Zoo Dallas Zoo Denver Zoo Detroit Zoo Disney’s Animal Kingdom Fresno Chaffee Zoo Great Plains Zoo Houston Zoo Little Rock Zoo Lowry Park Zoo Memphis Zoo Minnesota Zoo Moody Gardens Montgomery Zoo

Nashville Zoo Palm Beach Zoo Philadelphia Zoo Phoenix Zoo Reid Park Zoo Roger William Park Zoo Rolling Hills Zoo Sacramento Zoo San Antonio Zoo San Diego Zoo San Diego Zoo Safari Park Santa Barbara Zoo Sedgwick County Zoo Smithsonian’s National Zoo Staten Island Zoo St. Louis Zoo The Wilds Virginia Zoo Woodland Park Zoo Zoo Miami Zoo New England

THANK YOU!

Northwest ZooPath

Rachel Melvin

© Mehgan Murphy, NZP

MORBIDITY & MORTALITY IN PANGOLIN (Manidae),

ECHIDNAS (Tachyglossidae) AND AARDVARKS(Orycteropus

afer)

A Margarita Woc Colburn, DVM


Tree Pangolins2 US Institutions100% ResponseTotal deaths = 10

Echidnas14 Institutions57 % responseTotal deaths = 6 animals


Aardvarks16 Institutions 62 % responseTotal deaths = 14 animals

approx 64% were neonateshttp://www.tbo.com/events-tampa-bay/fourth-aardvark-born-at-busch-gardens-20140905/Text

http://www.tbo.com/events-tampa-bay/fourth-aardvark-born-at-busch-gardens-20140905/Text


8 species

4 African: Cape pangolin, Giant pangolin, Long-tailed, White-bellied tree pangolin

4 Asian: Chinese pangolin, Indian pangolins, Malayan pangolin Palawan pangolin

Mortality in Captivity

Lin et al 2015, Hua et al 2015, Yang et al 2007

Nutritional Research

Lin et al 2015

PANGOLINS

http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/news/illegal-pangolin-trade



TREE PANGOLINS

Causes of MortalityMaladaptation (90%)6yr Chronic Renal Disease

http://www.liveanimalslist.com/mammals/pangolin.php



ECHIDNAS

McOrist and Smales 1986

Wild: trauma, parasites, bronchopneumonia

Captive: Toxoplasmosis, Salmonellosis and exposure

SHORT BEAKED ECHIDNAS

Causes of Mortality

Toxicity (Sulfonamide) (1)Nutritional (Anorexia)

Hepatic Lipidosis (2)Degenerative (cardiac) (1)Anatomical (1)Neoplasia (SCC) (1)

AARDVARKS

Mortalities in captivity~70% captive-born have required hand-rearing

Maternal neglectMaternal trauma

Adults:Degenerative diseasesDental problems

AARDVARKCauses of Mortality

64% neonatesInfectious Disease (50%)

Pneumonia33% traumaReproduction

Adults (2-30 yrs old)Degenerative (OA, mitral valve)Infectious diseaseTraumaThromboembolic Dz

https://fuzfeed.com/aardvark-week-did-you-know-these-facts/t



NEXT STEPS

Worldwide Survey

Preliminary Data

Research

Assess Nutrition & Husbandry

http://magazine.africageographic.com/weekly/issue-10/pangolin-gallery/



THANK YOU

Brookfield Zoo Cincinnati Zoo Cleveland Park Zoo Columbus Zoo Philadelphia Zoo Phoenix Zoo Point Defiance Zoo San Antonio Zoo San Diego Zoo San Diego Zoo Safari Park St. Louis Zoo Toledo Zoohttp://www.tbo.com/events-tampa-bay/fourth-aardvark-born-at-busch-gardens-20140905/Text



Q U E S T I O N S ?

©Amiee Stubbs

Tamandua tetradactyla

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