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Taking the Car out of Carbon
Presentation to the North East Sustainable Energy Association,
September 24, 2011
Projjal K. Dutta, AIA, LEED AP
[email protected] (212) 878 1065
Director, Sustainability Initiatives
www.mta.info/sustainability
mailto:[email protected]://www.mta.info/sustainabilityhttp://www.mta.info/sustainabilitymailto:[email protected]8/4/2019 Taking the Car out of Carbon
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Who Framed Roger Rabbit?Judge Doom (JD):Toontown will be erased in a matter of minutes.
Jessica Rabbit (JR):I suppose you think no-one will notice that Toontown has disappeared.
JD: Whos got time to wonder what happened to some ridiculous talking mice when you are driving by at 75 miles an hour.
JR: What are you talking about? There is no road past Toontown.
JD: Not Yet. Several months ago I had the good providence to stumble upon the plan of the City Council - a construction planof epic proportions. They are calling it a Freeway.
Eddie Valiant (EV): Freeway? What the hell is a Freeway?
JD: Eight lanes of shimmering cement running from here to Pasadena. Smooth, safe, fast. Traffic jams will be a thing of thepast.
EV: So thats why you killed Acme Maroon? For this Freeway? I dont get it!
JD: Of course not, you lack vision. I see a place where people get on and off the freeway. On and off, off and on, all day, allnight. (EV and JR look at each other incredulously). Soon, where Toontown once stood, will be a string of gas-stations,inexpensive motels, restaurants that serve rapidly prepared food, tire salons, automobile dealerships and wonderful,
wonderful billboards reaching as far as the eye can see. My god, itll be beautiful!
EV: Cmon. Nobody is gonna drive on this lousy freeway, when they can take the Redcar for a nickel.
JD: Theyll drive, theyll have to. You see, I bought the Redcar, so that I could dismantle it.
From Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Robert Zemeckis, Director, 1988
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Energy Consumption & Sustainability: Macroview
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Energy Consumption by Sector, 2005
Source: World Resources Institute
USAGermanyChinaIndia
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Total Energy Consumption per Capita, 2005
Source: Energy Information Administration
Germany
178 MBTUsChina
31 MBTUsUSA340 MBTUs
India
14 MBTUs
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California
233 MBTUs
New York
209 MBTUs
Texas
496 MBTUs
Total Energy Consumption per Capita 2007
Source: Energy Information Administration
NYC
88.5 MBTUs
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Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita, 2002
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Vehicle Miles Traveled Trend-lines
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Obesity Trendlines
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990
(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2008
No Data
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Inverse Correlation
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Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita,
19902004
Source: US Department of Energy Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
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Energy Consumption & Sustainability: Microview
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Energy Use: High-Rise vs. Low-Rise Development
High-Rise Low-Rise
Number of buildings 1 10
Average floor size 30,612 sf 36,000 sf
Area of roof 88,000 sf 375,000 sf
Area of ext wall 343,000 sf 385,000 sf
Area of parking 0 sf 1,837,500 sf
E C ti
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Energy Consumption:
Low-Rise Office Park vs. Tall Urban Building
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BTUs(1,
000,
000)
Commute:41,000 BTU/sqft-yr
Commute:210,000 BTU/sqft-yr
Energy Use: High-Rise vs. Low-Rise Development
Low-rise SuburbanHigh-rise Urban
30 mi. round trip
Diesel Bus, 4 mpg, 20 passengers
300 sq.ft. per person, 252 days per
year
30 mi. round trip
Private Car, 15 mpg, 1 passenger 300 sq.ft. per person, 252 days per
year
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8,637
3,341
Transportation
BuildingOperations
Materials
Low DensityAuto - Oriented
High DensityTransit - Oriented
GHG Per Person: Kg CO2E (Carbon dioxide equivalent) pa.
Source: Journal of Urban Planning and
Development, Norman, March 2006
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The Choice
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Transit GHG Emissions Typology
APTA Climate Change Standards Workin
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Total: 2.4 million metric tons
Revenue Fleet Fuel -Traction
Electricity-Traction
Non-Revenue Fleet -Traction
Heating - Non-traction
Electricity - Non-traction
MTA GHG Emissions, 2008
Transit Effect Multiplier = 8.24
For every unit of GHG that the MTA emits
It helps avoid 8.24 units
In the net it helps avoid about 20million metric tonnes
@ $30 / ton ~ 600 million
Currently un-recognized and un-compensated
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27
The Choice
Source: Planning Office: City of Muenster,
Germany
S
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Buses25%
PrivateVehicles
75%
Road Space Used
Buses
45% Private
Vehicles
55%
Buses45%
PrivateVehicles
55%
People Traveling
First and Second Avenues: People Traveling vs. Road
Space Used
SBS P j t N d (34th St)
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SBS Project Need (34th St)
Pedestrian58%
Bus32%
Auto/Taxi10%
People Traveling
Pedestrian37%
Bus26%
Auto/Taxi37%
Right-of-Way Used
29
M15 SBS Performance
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M15 SBS Performance
40:06:00 35:36:00
18:54
12:04
18:07
17:59
3:37
2:56
0:00:00
12:00:00
24:00:00
36:00:00
48:00:00
60:00:00
72:00:00
84:00:00
96:00:00
M15 LTD M15 SBS
Bus In Motion Stopped at Bus Stops Stopped at Red Lights Other Delays
68:35
30
80:44
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Bicycle Volumes(weekdays)Second AvenueBetween St. Marks Pl and E.9th St.
Cyclist Volumes 12 Hour: 7am-7pm, Weekdays
1,226 1,247
1,067 1,0491,129
1,023
1,903
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
June 2010 November2010
December2010
January2010
February2010
March 2010 April 2010
After
+2%
-13% -14%-8%
-17%
+55%
Before
31
Notes: Data from a single weekday count (06/24/10; 11/03/10; 12/09/10, 01/06/11, 02/15/10, 03/08/11, 04/21/11)
Traffic Data
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Traffic DataSecond Avenue Taxi Speeds
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
MP
H
November 2009 November 2010
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M15 SBS Features
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M15 SBS Features
33
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www.mta.info/sustainability
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Energy/Carbon
FacilitiesSmart
Growth/TODMaterials Flow
ClimateAdaptation
WaterManagement
Greening the MTA
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Build all new projects and majorrenovations to LEED Silver standard
Recommission existing buildings tomeet LEED Silver standard
Create LEED-based MTA Green
Guidelines for other building types
Facilities
Energy Saving through Alignment Design:
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Humped Tracks
Track Alignment
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Vegetated, green roofs (MNR Harmond Yard , MTA Bus Far Rockaway Depot, B&T Queens
Midtown Tunnel) and white roofs (LIRR Hillside)
Green Roofs and Walls
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Adopt Life Cycle Accounting
Quantify and track materials flow
Green the procurement and budgetprocess
Flex market power in purchasing
Materials Flow
Energy Savings through Material Innovations: Al
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Third Rail
Traction power Third Rail
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www.mta.info/sustainability
Is Transit for Everywhere? Cincinnatis Close Brush
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Is Transit for Everywhere? Cincinnati s Close Brush
Is Transit for Everywhere? Cincinnatis Close Brush
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Is Transit for Everywhere? Cincinnati s Close Brush
Is Transit for Everywhere? Cincinnatis Close Brush
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s a s t o e y e e C c at s C ose us
Is Transit for Everywhere? What happened in NYC
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y pp
Is Transit for Everywhere? What happened in NYC
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y pp
Is Transit for Everywhere? Can LA become a Transit City?
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y y
Is Transit for Everywhere? Can LA become a Transit City?
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y y
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Conclusions
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As societiesdevelop/industrialize, their
energy needs rise.
Transportation emerges asa major consumer of
energy.
Automobile-based paradigmwith corollary suburbansprawl is wasteful and
unsustainable
It negates the good effectsof green building methods
and technologies
Sustainable urban growthhas to embrace mass-transit
and support density
Designing the right carbon-constrained system can
make this happen
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DebanjanR
oy,
IndiaShining1,courtesyAiconGallery,
www.a
icongallery.c
om
The answer is not entirely technicalor entirely human, but a
mix of both, of old and new.
Taking the Car out of Carbon
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Presentation to the North East Sustainable Energy Association,
September 24, 2011
Projjal K. Dutta, AIA, LEED AP
[email protected] (212) 878 1065
Director, Sustainability Initiatives
www.mta.info/sustainability
mailto:[email protected]://www.mta.info/sustainabilityhttp://www.mta.info/sustainabilitymailto:[email protected]