Tajweed Rules for Warsh 'an Naafi 1. Joining two surahs together, meaning joining the end of one surah with the beginning of the next, following surah in the order of the Qur'an: The recitation of Warsh has three allowable ways to join two surahs together: A. : Joining the first surah with the next following surah with a basmalah at the beginning of t he new surah. A reminder, it is not allowed to recite the last aayah of the first surah and join it with the basmalah then stop, then read the first aayah of the next following surah. Any other combination is allowed of joining or cutti ng off and breathing. This way of joining of two surahs is not allowed between surah Al-Anfaal and surah At-Tawbah, since surah At- Tawbah has no basmalah. Some scholars of recitation chose the basmalah before the four “Zuhr” suwar for those using the w ay of sakt for other suwar (plural of surah). The four “Zuhr” are: Al -Qiyaamah, Al-Balad, Al-MuTaffifeen, Al-Humazah. B. A breathless pause between last word of the last aayah of the first surah and the first aayah of the next following surah with no basmalah. C. : Joining the last words of the first surah with the first words of the following surah with no basmalah.2. Warsh reads in surah Al-Faatihah aayah 4 with no alif in the word . 3. Warsh makes of th e dhammah on th e plural if the firs t le tt er of th e foll owin g word starts with a hamzah al- qata‟, an example is the phrase: , which is found in more than one place in the Qur'an, one of
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Joining two surahs together, meaning joining the end of one surah with the beginning ofthe next, following surah in the order of the Qur'an:
The recitation of Warsh has three allowable ways to join two surahs together:
A. : Joining the first surah with the next following surah with a basmalahat the beginning of the new surah. A reminder, it is not allowed to recite thelast aayah of the first surah and join it with the basmalah then stop, then readthe first aayah of the next following surah. Any other combination is allowedof joining or cutting off and breathing. This way of joining of two surahs is not
allowed between surah Al-Anfaal and surah At-Tawbah, since surah At-Tawbah has no basmalah.Some scholars of recitation chose the basmalah before the four “Zuhr” suwarfor those using the way of sakt for other suwar (plural of surah). The four“Zuhr” are: Al-Qiyaamah, Al-Balad, Al-MuTaffifeen, Al-Humazah.
B. A breathless pause between last word of the last aayah of the firstsurah and the first aayah of the next following surah with no basmalah.
C. : Joining the last words of the first surah with the first words of thefollowing surah with no basmalah.
2.
Warsh reads in surah Al-Faatihah aayah 4 with no alif in the word .
3.
Warsh makes of the dhammah on the plural if the first letter of the following
word starts with a hamzah al- qata‟ , an example is the
phrase: , which is found in more than one place in the Qur'an, one of
them being aayah 62 of surah Al-Baqarah (2:62). The length of the is the same
as all of the mudood for Warsh, six vowel counts.
(also referred to as ) The pronoun or direct object .
In normal circumstances, the recitation of Warsh follows the same rules that Hafs does for
the . There are however, special words or word combinations that different waysof recitation read in different ways. The following are these word combinations and how they
are read in the recitation of Warsh.
A. The of the word in the phrase in Al-A-„Araaf aayah 111
(7:111) and Ash-Shu3ara' aayah 26 (26:36) is read as with a kasrah on
the and lengthening of two vowel counts.
B. Similarly the following words are read with a kasrah on the and a
: , which are read
as: for An-Naml and for An-Noor.
C. The is read with a kasrah on the , but no in the
1. with the questioning hamzah preceding the word; the in question here is
the one after the saakinah.
2. The word in the combination : in surah An-Najm 50 (53:50)
(continued from lesson 2)
ii. - The leen letter followed by a hamzah
This is a leen letter followed by a hamzah, is lengthened four or six vowel counts when
continuing or stopping. Example: .
Exceptions: Warsh reads the word: in all its various forms, such
as: etc., with a shortening ( ) of the leen and (shortening)
and , and (two, four and six vowel counts) of the ; and (four
vowel counts) of the leen with of the .
There is no lengthening of followed by a hamzah by the way of recitation of Warsh
in the words: in aayah 8 of surah At-Takweer (81:8), the beingunchanged, just the leen is affected by this exception ; and likewise the word
which is the last word in aayah 58 of surah Al-Kahf (18:58).
Conditions: If the is lengthened two or four counts, the leen al-mahmooz can onlybe four counts, if the medd badl is lengthened six counts then the leen al-mahmooz canbe lengthened four or six counts. The chart below summarizes these conditions
There are three ways that two hamzahs meet in one word, the firsthamzah always has a fat-hah, the second hamzah is either another fat-hah, akasrah, or a dhammah. Examples of these three combinations are:
with fat-haat on both hamzahs; with a fat-hah on the
first hamzah and kasrah on the second hamzah; and which has afat-hah on the first hamzah and a dhammah on the second hamzah.
When there are two consecutive hamzahs in a word, Warsh makes of thesecond hamzah, which means reading it in between a hamzah and between theletter that corresponds with the vowel on the hamzah. The hamzah with a fat-hah
therefore would be read between a hamzah and an alif, the hamzah with a kasrahwould be read between a hamzah and a , and the hamzah with a dhammah
would be read between a hamzah and a .
There is a second allowed way for Warsh when there is a fat-hah on both hamzaat
such as in the word . This second allowed reading is (change)of the second hamzah to an alif. When there is a sukoon on the letter following the
second hamzah as in the example , the resultant medd from the
hamzah changed into an alif would be six vowel counts, as in . An
exception to this second allowed way is in the word: in surah Al-„Araaf, Ta-
Ha, and Ash-Shu‟raa‟, and the word in surah Az-Zukhruf. The is not
allowed in these words and only the way of of the second hamzah is observed.
A. A repeated question with two hamzahs
If a question is repeated in a phrase with two hamzahs such as the words in thephrase :
then Warsh reads with a question for the first of the two ( ) and with a
proclamation ( ) for the second of the two; meaning he reads the example
above as: . The reading of Warsh observes the rule stated
above for two hamzahs meeting in a word and reads with of the secondhamzah. Another example of the same type of occurrence of a repeated question in
a phrase is:The rule as stated above for two questions in a phrease is that Warsh reads the first
of the two words with and the second with a proclamation ( .) Therule of Warsh for two hamzas meeting in a word is the same as in all other words
like this; there is of the second hamzah:
Exceptions:
The occurrences of two questions in a phrase in An-Naml (27:67):
and Al-„Ankaboot 28-29 (29:28-29)
are read by Warsh in these two surahs with on the first of the two and
with on the second so that the first example in An-Naml is read by Warsh as:
andthe second example in Al-'Ankaboot is read in the same way as Hafs 'an 'Aasmin (aswritten above) in regards to the question and proclamation. Warsh follows his stated
rule for two hamzahs meeting in a word in both examples, as stated at the beginningof this lesson on the words that have two hamzahs meeting in the same word.
Warsh reads in aayah 19 of Az-Zukhruf (43:19) as: with two
hamzahs and (pronouncing the hamzah clearly) on the first hamzah with a
fat-hah, and on the second hamzah (with a dhammah).
Next lesson, insha' Allah will explain the rules for Warsh when two hamzahs occurbetween two words.
7. Two hamzahs meeting in two words
If two hamzahs meet between two words, i.e. the first hamzah is the last letter of thefirst word and the second hamzah is the first letter of the second word, there aredifferent ways of reading the words depending on the vowels of the two differenthamzahs.
A. Two hamzahs with agreeing vowels
If the two hamzahs have the same exact vowel, as
in: ,
then Warsh has two allowable ways of reading them:
1. Reading with of the second hamzah and reads the first hamzah clearly
(with ).
2. Reading with of the second hamzah a medd letter and a complete medd (
) of six vowel counts if the letter following is saakin, and two vowel counts ( )if avoweled letter is after the second hamzah.
B. Two hamzahs with different vowels
If the two hamzahs have different vowels, then there are read as follows:
If the first hamzah has a and the second kasrah or a dhammah, the second hamzah
is read with . Examples are: .
If the first hamzah has a dhammah or a kasrah and the second hamzah has a , thenthe second hamzah is read with , meaning it changes into a the letter that goes with
the vowel on the first hamzah. This means it changes into a with an
accompanying in this first example: and it changes into
a with an accompanying in the following example:
If the first hamzah has a dhammah and the second has a kasrah, then there are two
allowed ways of reading, either with of the second or . An example of this is
found in the following: . Both ways are allowed. If reading with in
this case, the second hamzah changes into a with an accompanying .
End of lesson on
8. The Single Hamzah
Warsh changes (makes of) the hamzah saakinah that is the first letter of the root ofthe word-meaning third person past tense singular- into a medd letter corresponding tothe vowel on the letter preceding the hamzah. This requires knowledge of the Arabiclanguage enough to derive a noun or conjugated verb into its root. An example is the
word which has a hamzah saakinah. The root of this word is , with ahamzah as its first letter. Warsh therefore changes the hamzah saakinah in the
word into a lengthened (two vowel counts).
Exception: If the word in question comes from a derivative of the word then
there is no for Warsh. Examples of words that are derivatives of are the
Warsh also changes the hamzah with a preceded by a dhammah into a (with
an accompanying ) as in: , , and .
The three words: , , and are also read with of the hamzah inthe recitation of Warsh. In all three of these words, the hamzah is changed into a
lengthened .
9. Transferring the vowel of the hamzah to the saakin letter before it
When the last letter of a word is not a medd letter and is saakin, and the first letter of the
next word is a , , Warsh transfers the vowel of the hamzah to the saakin letterbefore it, and the hamzah is dropped in pronunciation. Examples of this
are: , , and
Included in this is the or alif laam at-ta‟reef, which is a different word than the
noun it defines. Examples are: , , and . When starting a wordthat has a hamzah qaTa‟ after the alif lam “ta‟reef” when reading Warsh, there are twoallowed ways of reading:
a. If it is considered as it is originally, then start with the hamzah wasl (with a ),
then transfer the vowel of the hamzah qaTa‟ that follows the to the
. The word is pronounced
b. If it is considered a conditional occurrence (because of the now voweled )
then we can start with the , with its transferred vowel and there is no need to start
with the hamzah wasl, which is used to take us to a saakin letter. The word is
If a word starting with , then a , and then a , such as in:
or there are conditions as to which way we start and how much we
can lengthen the medd badl. If we start with the , not the hamzah al-wasl, thenwe can read the medd badl with two vowel counts only. If we start with the hamzah al-wasl then the three different lengths for the medd badl are allowed (2, 4 or 6 vowelcounts). [1]
Warsh has two allowable ways of reading the word in aayah 19 of surah Al-
Haaqqah, when read in continuum; joining it with the first word of the next aayah: ;
:
a. of the vowel on the hamzah on the word to the of the word .
b. Leaving out the and joining the two aayah with a sukoon on the .
* If joining aayah 19 in recitation with the aayaat that follow until: ,there are conditions for joining aayah 28 with 29. When
reading with of the vowel on the hamzah to the
, is read with idghaam of the first into the second. When
reading with the absence of , is read with of the
first and a between the two words.
, of surah An-Najm aayah 50, is read with idghaam of the tanween into
the and the vowel on the hamzah of the word is transferred to the
( ) with the hamzah dropped (as usual in the case of ), as in:
.
Warsh reads the following all without a sakt, and applies the appropriat rules for thenoon saakinah and tanween, as well as the laam saakinah:
,
[1] There is no change with the Arabic rule for two saakin letters meeting in the recitation of Warsh, even though the laam of ta ‟reef
acquires a vowel with the . If ther e is a word that has an incidental vowel before the laam of ta‟reef with a , theincidental vowel does not change and stays, just as a dropped medd letter stays the same.
10.This section refers to special saakinah letters that some of the different readers merge
the saakinah of , the saakinah of ,
the saakinah of which is a at the end of a verb denoting
female gender, and the of and , into some letters. These groups of letters
are mentioned even when the rule is because some of the different qira'aat read
them with . Please note: Normal rules are applied outside these special
letters. Remember these letters are saakinah, so we are referring to .
other allowed way in the last example is with of the .
He (Warsh) also reads with of the into the in the words:
and however they are formed.
Warsh reads with of the saakinah followed by the in the
words: in aayah 176 of surah Al- Aa‟raaf. He also has of
the followed by in the two words: of aayah 42 of surahHud.
Warsh reads the word in aayah 284 of surah Al-Baqarah with a sukoon of
the of the word and of this into the following in the
phrase (Al-Baqarah 284).
11. The straight, the imaalah, and the in between (part one)
A. Warsh has two allowed ways of reading . The definition of is
every alif that is changed over from a , or originated from a , or was written
with , no matter what the make up (wazan)or “weight” of the word, whether it beas
: or as in: . Any word that is in the double form that takes
a in the basic make up of the word, and any verb that has a when it is put in the
first person singular past tense will be considered . It requires knowledge of the Arabic
language to know whether a word contains or not, especially when written as analif. Al-hamdu lillah, for those who are not sure, there are many reference books and the mushaf
al-qira'aat that explain which words have .
The rules for at the end of a word are only applied if the letter following in the next
word is not saakin (when reading in continuum). When stopping on a word that ends
The same relationship holds true if precedes . If we
recite with then we can lengthen two or six vowel counts, and if we
recite with , then we can recite with four or six vowel counts. Anexample of this is found in the
following aayah:
The relationship of with is not one of restriction, so both ways of eachare allowed with the other. There would then be four possible ways of reading an aayah or
phrase that had both and ; with four or six vowel counts
of and with four or six vowel counts of .
In an aayah with all three occurrences, meaning , , and all are
present in the phrase or aayah, there would be six possible ways of reciting the aayah. The first
being two vowel counts for , four vowel counts for ,
and for . The second allowed way would be: four vowel counts for ,
four for , and on . The third allowed way would be: six vowel
counts for ,four for , and for . The fourth allowed way
would be: six vowel counts for
, six vowel counts for , and لف for . The fifth allowed way
would be six vowel counts for , four vowel counts for ,
and for ; and the last allowed way would be six vowel counts for ,six vowel counts for
There is of this alif, without another allowed way in the recitation of Warsh. Notincluded as part of the word are any direct, indirect objects, or possessives attached to the word,so their presence does not affect the ruling. Examples of this are in the following
words:
Not specifically following the rules, but included are the
words: wherever they occur, from aayah 109 ofsurah at-tawbah.
The qira'ah of Warsh also reads the following words with either or
: and . In surah An-Nisaa‟, aayah 36, the
word occurs and in the same aayah there are some words ending
with , which we know from the previous sections has two allowed ways of
recitation, or . The word in this aayah will have both allowed
ways, or when is read with and when are
read with the word again can be read with either or .
This word is read with only on the alif in the recitation of Warsh wherever foundin the Qur‟an.
3. Opening (beginning) letters of different (plural of surah)
Warsh reads this letter with when it is one of separated letters beginning
the surah, such as in: , and .
This letter is also read with when it is one of the separated letters
beginning the starting with: .
The and that are in the separated letters at the beginning of surah
Maryman are read with .
he of the separated letters at the beginning of surah is read by Warsh
with complete . This is the only place in the Glorious Qur‟an where Warsh reads
with complete .
G. General comments and items to know about this section
The words stopped on either have a tanween or not, and we stop on a word accordingto the rules that are laid out in this last section, and the tanween does not affect the rule
when stopping. If a word ends with an alif that could be or should be read with ,and we are stopping on the word, the rule is employed. If however, we are not stoppingand the first pronounced letter of the next word is saakin, the alif on the end of the first
word is dropped in pronunciation and no is used. A tanween on the end of a word
also stops us from employing the rules on the last letter when continuing reading,
Lesson 15. Extra eliminated from the writing of the Glorious
Warsh establishes these when continuing (in pronunciation) and eliminates(drops) them when stopping in a number of places. By establishing, it is meant that
these words are read with a saakinah on the end when continuing. If there is a
voweled letter outside of a hamzah ( ) after the established saakinah
when continuing, it is lengthened the normal two vowel counts of a . If there
is a hamzah ( )after the established , medd rules are applied as usual,
which is six vowel counts for Warsh. As noted in the lesson title, these are not
written in the words. The are always either established or dropped in the
different qira'aat wherein the (lesson 14) are established when both
continuing and stopping, but either saakin or voweled with a fath.The read by Warsh as a saakinah when continuing are in thefollowing aayaat: