Taiwan

TAIWANTAIWAN

A Presentation By Group 4

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Taiwan also known as Formosa (beautiful  Taiwan also known as Formosa (beautiful  island)  is the largest island of the island)  is the largest island of the Republic  of China  in  East  Asia.Republic  of China  in  East  Asia.

Taiwan is located at the East of  Taiwan Taiwan is located at the East of  Taiwan Strait,  off  the  Southern  coast  of   Strait,  off  the  Southern  coast  of   Mainland  China.Mainland  China.

Since  the  end  of  world war  II  in  Since  the  end  of  world war  II  in  1945,the  island  group  has been  under  1945,the  island  group  has been  under  the government  of  Republic  of  China.the government  of  Republic  of  China.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

The  island  group  has  been  governed  The  island  group  has  been  governed  by  the  Republic  of  china  since  1945  by  the  Republic  of  china  since  1945  when  ROC  acquired Taiwan  from  Japan  when  ROC  acquired Taiwan  from  Japan  as  a  result  of  world war II.as  a  result  of  world war II.

Four   years  later  the  ROC  lost  the  Four   years  later  the  ROC  lost  the  Chinese  civil  war  to  the  communist  Chinese  civil  war  to  the  communist  party  of  China  and  retreated to  Taiwan.party  of  China  and  retreated to  Taiwan.

Taiwan  now  composes  of  most  ROC’s  Taiwan  now  composes  of  most  ROC’s  territory and  the  ROC  itself  is  territory and  the  ROC  itself  is  commonly  known  as ‘Taiwan’.commonly  known  as ‘Taiwan’.

HISTORYHISTORY

Japanese occupation from 12Japanese occupation from 12thth century. century. Claim of possession Eastern Taiwan in the Claim of possession Eastern Taiwan in the

1515thth.. Portuguese – first Europeans to arrive in Portuguese – first Europeans to arrive in

15901590 1692 – Dutch arrived.1692 – Dutch arrived. 1717thth century – Ming Chinese were losing to century – Ming Chinese were losing to

the Manchu armythe Manchu army Cheng – Ch’eng Kung set up a Chinese Cheng – Ch’eng Kung set up a Chinese

Govt.Govt.

HISTORY – Japanese HISTORY – Japanese InfluenceInfluence

Japan became the most powerful non Japan became the most powerful non Chinese influence.Chinese influence.

Acquired Taiwan in 1895 under the Acquired Taiwan in 1895 under the Shimonoseki Treaty.Shimonoseki Treaty.

Concentrated on integrating Japanese Concentrated on integrating Japanese culture and abolishing Chinese principles culture and abolishing Chinese principles altogether.altogether.

They built and developed the They built and developed the infrastrutcture.infrastrutcture.

After their defeat in 1945, Taiwan was After their defeat in 1945, Taiwan was given back to Chinagiven back to China

HISTORY – Post WWIIHISTORY – Post WWII

Taiwan became a refuge for Anti Taiwan became a refuge for Anti communist for the KMT under the communist for the KMT under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.

1947 – Chinese suppression which 1947 – Chinese suppression which caused an uprising.caused an uprising.

Taiwan became a refuge for KMT Taiwan became a refuge for KMT under Chiang Kai-shek.under Chiang Kai-shek.

1950’s – Civil war between Mao 1950’s – Civil war between Mao Zedong and the KMTZedong and the KMT

HISTORY – Post WWIIHISTORY – Post WWII

US aid helped in thwarting Communist US aid helped in thwarting Communist takeover till the 60’stakeover till the 60’s

In the 70’s attention shifted to China.In the 70’s attention shifted to China. 1971- Taiwan’s seat in the UN given to 1971- Taiwan’s seat in the UN given to

China.China. Diplomatic relations with China moved Diplomatic relations with China moved

to the forefront.to the forefront. Trade relations however remained Trade relations however remained

strongstrong

GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

AreaArea - - 35,980 sq km35,980 sq km Land: Land: 32,260 sq km32,260 sq km Water: Water: 3,720 sq km3,720 sq km Location:Location: Eastern Asia Eastern Asia

Islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan StraitSea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait

North of the Philippines, off the south-eastern North of the Philippines, off the south-eastern coast of Chinacoast of China

CLIMATECLIMATE

TropicalTropical MarineMarine Rainy season during southwest Rainy season during southwest

monsoon (June to August)monsoon (June to August) Cloudiness is persistent and Cloudiness is persistent and

extensive all year extensive all year

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Air pollutionAir pollution Water pollution from industrial Water pollution from industrial

emissionsemissions Raw sewageRaw sewage Contamination of drinking water Contamination of drinking water

suppliessupplies Trade in endangered speciesTrade in endangered species Low-level radioactive waste disposalLow-level radioactive waste disposal

DEMOGRAPHICSDEMOGRAPHICS

Population - Population - 22,974,347 (July 2009 22,974,347 (July 2009 est.)est.)

Age Structure –Age Structure – 0-14 years: 0-14 years: 16.7% (male 16.7% (male

1,996,905/female 1,844,611)1,996,905/female 1,844,611) 15-64 years: 15-64 years: 72.6% (male 72.6% (male

8,416,300/female 8,267,675)8,416,300/female 8,267,675) 65 years and over: 65 years and over: 10.7% (male 10.7% (male

1,183,382/female 1,265,474) (2009 est.) 1,183,382/female 1,265,474) (2009 est.)

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

0-14 15-64 > 65

Male

Female

AGE STRUCTURE

DEMOGRAPHICSDEMOGRAPHICS

Sex Ratio – Sex Ratio – At birth: At birth: 1.09 male(s)/female1.09 male(s)/female Under 15 years: Under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 65 years and over: 0.94 0.94

male(s)/femalemale(s)/female Total population: Total population: 1.02 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female

(2009 est.) (2009 est.)

Ethnic Groups – Ethnic Groups – Taiwanese – 84%Taiwanese – 84% Mainland Chinese – 14%Mainland Chinese – 14% Indigenous – 2%Indigenous – 2%

Religion – - Buddhist and Taoist – 93% Christian – 4.5% Other – 2.5 %

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Government type – multiparty Government type – multiparty democracydemocracy

Administrative Divisions -Administrative Divisions - Includes main island of Taiwan Includes main island of Taiwan Taiwan is divided into 18 counties Taiwan is divided into 18 counties 5 municipalities 5 municipalities 2 special municipalities2 special municipalities

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Constitution – Constitution – Adopted on 25 December 1946Adopted on 25 December 1946 Effective 25 December 1947Effective 25 December 1947 Amended in 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, Amended in 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997,

1999, 2000, 20051999, 2000, 2005

EXECUTIVE BRANCHEXECUTIVE BRANCH Chief of State: Chief of State: President, MA Ying-President, MA Ying-

Jeou &Vice President, Vincent SIEW Jeou &Vice President, Vincent SIEW Head of Government: Head of Government: Premier, WU Premier, WU

Den-Vih Vice Premier, Eric Liluan CHU Den-Vih Vice Premier, Eric Liluan CHU Cabinet: Cabinet: Executive Yuan Executive Yuan Elections: Elections: 

President and Vice President elected by President and Vice President elected by popular vote for four-year terms. popular vote for four-year terms.

The Premier is appointed by the president. The Premier is appointed by the president. The vice premiers are appointed by the The vice premiers are appointed by the

president on the recommendation of the president on the recommendation of the premierpremier

LEGISLATIVE BRANCHLEGISLATIVE BRANCH

Unicameral Legislative Yuan (113 Unicameral Legislative Yuan (113 seats )seats ) 73 district members elected by popular 73 district members elected by popular

vote, vote, 34 at-large members elected on basis of 34 at-large members elected on basis of

proportion of island-wide votesproportion of island-wide votes 6 elected by popular vote among 6 elected by popular vote among

aboriginal populationsaboriginal populations

POLITICAL PARTIES AND POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERSLEADERS

Democratic Progressive Party or Democratic Progressive Party or DPP (TSAI Ing Wen)DPP (TSAI Ing Wen)

Kuomintang or KMT (WU Po Hsiung)Kuomintang or KMT (WU Po Hsiung) Non-Partisan Solidarity Union or Non-Partisan Solidarity Union or

NPSU (LIN Pin-kuan)NPSU (LIN Pin-kuan) People First Party or PFP (James People First Party or PFP (James

SOONG)SOONG)

ECONOMYECONOMY

Capitalist economyCapitalist economy Decreasing Government guidanceDecreasing Government guidance Privatization of banks and firmsPrivatization of banks and firms Trade SurplusTrade Surplus Tourism likely to increaseTourism likely to increase China – Taiwan interdependencyChina – Taiwan interdependency

FDIFDI ImportsImports

GDP CompositionGDP Composition

Agriculture: Agriculture: 1.7%1.7% Industry: Industry: 25.1%25.1% Services: Services: 73.2%73.2%

LABOR FORCELABOR FORCE

10.85 mn10.85 mn By occupation – By occupation –

Agriculture: Agriculture: 5.1%5.1% Industry: Industry: 36.8%36.8% Services: Services: 58% (2008 est.)58% (2008 est.)

ECONOMYECONOMY

Agricultural Products – Agricultural Products – Rice, corn, vegetables, fruit, tea, pigs, Rice, corn, vegetables, fruit, tea, pigs,

poultry, beef, milk and fish.poultry, beef, milk and fish. Industries – Industries –

Electronics, petroleum refining, Electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, and steel,

EXPORTSEXPORTS

$254.9 billion$254.9 billion Commodities- Commodities- electronics, metals, electronics, metals,

textiles, plastics, chemicals, auto textiles, plastics, chemicals, auto partsparts

Partners – Partners – China 29.2%China 29.2% US 12%US 12% Hong Kong 9.8%Hong Kong 9.8% Japan 6.9%Japan 6.9% Singapore 4.6%Singapore 4.6%

IMPORTSIMPORTS

$ 236.7 billion$ 236.7 billion Commodities - Commodities - petroleum, precision petroleum, precision

instruments and organic chemicalsinstruments and organic chemicals Partners – Partners –

Japan 19.3%Japan 19.3% China 13%China 13% US 10.9%US 10.9% Saudi Arabia 6.3%Saudi Arabia 6.3% South Korea 5.5%South Korea 5.5%

MILITARYMILITARY Branches – Branches –

ArmyArmy NavyNavy Air ForceAir Force Coast Guard AdministrationCoast Guard Administration Armed Forces Reserve CommandArmed Forces Reserve Command Combined Service Forces Combined Service Forces

CommandCommand Armed Forces Police Command Armed Forces Police Command

SERVICE AGE AND SERVICE AGE AND OBLIGATIONOBLIGATION

19-35 males compulsory military 19-35 males compulsory military serviceservice

Women may enlist Women may enlist Women in Air Force service are Women in Air Force service are

restricted to noncombat roles; restricted to noncombat roles; Reserve obligation - age 30 (Army)Reserve obligation - age 30 (Army)

MILITARYMILITARY

Manpower Available – Manpower Available – Males age 16-49: Males age 16-49: 6,283,134 6,283,134 Females age 16-49: Females age 16-49: 6,098,5996,098,599

Expenditure – Expenditure – 2.2% of GDP2.2% of GDP

THANK YOU!THANK YOU!