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Special municipality
Clockwise from top: Taipei skyline, Grand Hotel, Far Eastern
Plaza, National Palace Museum, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial
Hall, Jiantan Station
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): The City of Azaleas
TaipeiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Taipei, Taiwan)"Capital of Taiwan" redirects
here. For the capital of Taiwan Province, see Zhongxing New
Village.
This article is about the capital city. For other uses, see
Taipei (disambiguation).
Taipei, officially known as Taipei City (/tape/; Chinese: or ;
pinyin: Tibi Sh; Peh-e-j: Ti-pak Chh), is the
capital of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Situated at the
northern tipof Taiwan, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River; it is
about 25 km(16 mi) southwest of Keelung, a port city on the Pacific
Ocean. It liesin the Taipei Basin, an ancient lakebed bounded by
the two relativelynarrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers,
which join to form
the Tamsui River along the city's western border.[2] The city
proper
is home to an estimated 2,618,772 people.[3] Taipei, New
Taipei,and Keelung together form the TaipeiKeelung metropolitan
area
with a population of 6,900,273.[4] They are administered under
threemunicipal governing bodies. "Taipei" sometimes refers to the
wholemetropolitan area, while "Taipei City" refers to the city
proper. TaipeiCity proper is surrounded on all sides by New
Taipei.
Taipei is the political, economic, and cultural center of
Taiwan.
Considered to be a global city,[5] Taipei is part of a major
industrialarea. Railways, high-speed rail, highways, airports, and
bus linesconnect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is
served by twoairports Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan.
Contents
1 History
1.1 First settlements
1.2 Japanese rule
1.3 Martial law and modern democracy
2 Culture
2.1 Tourism
2.1.1 Commemorative sites and museums
2.1.2 Taipei 101
2.1.3 Performing arts
2.1.4 Shopping and recreation
2.1.5 Temples
2.2 Festivals and events
2.3 Taipei in film
3 Romanization
4 Geography
Taipei
Coordinates: 2502N 12138E
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Satellite image of Taipei City
Coordinates: 2502N 12138E
Country Republic of China (Taiwan)
Region Northern Taiwan
Settled 1709
City seat Xinyi District
District-divisions
12 districts
Government
Type Taipei City Government
Mayor Hau Lung-pin (KMT)
Area
Specialmunicipality
271.7997 km2 (104.9425 sq mi)
Water 2.7 km2 (1.0 sq mi) 1.0%
Population (January 2012)
Specialmunicipality
2,652,959 (Ranked 4 of 22)
Urban 8,357,000 (March '13)[1]
Metro 6,950,646
(Metropolitan area)
Time zone CST (UTC+8)
Postal code 100116
Area code(s) (0)2
Districts 12
Bird Formosan Blue Magpie (Urocissacaerulea)
Flower Azalea (Rhododendron nudiflorum)
Tree Banyan (India laurel fig, Ficusmicrocarpa)
Website taipei.gov.tw
4.1 Climate
4.2 Air quality
5 Economy
6 Government
6.1 Garbage recycling
6.2 Administrative divisions
6.3 City planning
7 Transportation
7.1 Metro
7.2 Rail
7.3 Bus
7.4 Airports
8 Demographics
9 Education
9.1 Chinese language program for foreigners
10 Sports
10.1 Major sporting events
10.2 Youth baseball
11 Media
11.1 Television
11.2 Newspapers
12 International relations
12.1 Twin towns and sister cities
12.2 Partner city
12.3 Friendship cities
13 Gallery
14 Relative location
15 See also
16 References
17 External links
History
Main article: History of Taipei
Taipei was founded in the early 18th century under the Qing
Dynastyrule and became an important center for overseas trade in
the 19thcentury. The Qing Dynasty made Taipei the provincial
capital ofTaiwan in 1886 when Taiwan was separated from Fujian
Province to
be its own province of the dynasty.[6]
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Website taipei.gov.tw(http://english.taipei.gov.tw/)
(English)
The metropolitan area (or tri-cities) of Taipei includes
Taipei,
New Taipei, and Keelung.
Taipei City
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese
Traditional Chinese or
Literal meaning Northern Taiwan City
Transcriptions
Hakka
Romanization Thi-pet S
Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Tibi Sh
Tongyong Pinyin Tibi Shh
WadeGiles T'ai-pei Shih
Gwoyeu Romatzyh Tairbeei Shyh
MPS2 Tibi Shr
Bopomofo
Min
Hokkien POJ Ti-pak Chh
Taiwanese
Romanization
Ti-pak Tsh
Min-dong BUC Di-bek
Wu
Romanization de poh zy
Cantonese
Jyutping toi bak si5
Japanese name
Kanji
Kana
Transcriptions
Romanization Taihoku shi
Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 from Qing Dynasty under the
Treatyof Shimonoseki after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan
became acolony of Imperial Japan with Taipei as its capital, in
which Taipeiwas administered under the Taihoku Prefecture. Taiwan's
Japaneserulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced
urbanplanning that featured extensive railroad links. A number of
Taipei
landmarks and cultural institutions date from this
period.[7]
The Republic of China took over Taiwan in 1945 following
Japanesesurrender. After losing Mainland China to the Chinese
Communist Partyin the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang
(KMT) relocated theROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the
provisional capital
of the Republic of China in December 1949.[8][9] In 1990
Taipeiprovided the backdrop for the Wild Lily student rallies that
movedTaiwanese society from one-party rule to multi-party
democracy. Thecity is today home to Taiwan's democratically elected
nationalgovernment.
First settlements
The region known as the Taipei Basin was home to Ketagalan
tribes
before the eighteenth century.[10] Han Chinese mainly from
FujianProvince of Qing Dynasty began to settle in the Taipei Basin
in
1709.[11][12] In the late 19th century, the Taipei area, where
the majorHan Chinese settlements in northern Taiwan and one of the
designatedoverseas trade ports, Tamsui, were located, gained
economicimportance due to the booming overseas trade, especially
that of teaexportation. In 1875, the northern part of Taiwan was
separated fromTaiwan Prefecture (Chinese: ) and incorporated into
the new
Taipei Prefecture as a new administrative entity of the Qing
Dynasty.[7]
Having been established adjoining the flourishing townships of
Bangka,Dalongdong, and Twatutia, the new prefectural capital was
known asChengnei (Chinese: ), "the inner city", and government
buildingswere erected there. From 1875 (during the Qing Dynasty)
until thebeginning of Japanese rule in 1895, Taipei was part of
Tamsui County ofthe Taipei Prefecture and the prefectural capital.
In 1886, when Taiwanwas proclaimed a province of Qing Dynasty,
Taipei city was made theprovincial capital. Taipei remained a
temporary provincial capital beforeit officially became the capital
of Taiwan in 1894. All that remains fromthe old Qing Dynasty city
is the north gate. The west gate and city wallswere demolished by
the Japanese while the south gate, little south gate,and east gate
were extensively modified by the Kuomintang (KMT) andhave lost much
of their original character.
Japanese rule
As settlement for losing the First Sino-Japanese War, China
ceded the island of Taiwan to the Empire of Japan in 1895[12]
aspart of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. After the Japanese take-over,
Taipei, called Taihoku in Japanese, was retained as the
capital and emerged as the political center of the Japanese
Colonial Government.[7] During that time the city acquired the
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With President Chiang Kai-shek, the
U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower
waved hands to the crowds during
his visit to Taipei in June 1960.
The National Chiang Kai-shek
Memorial Hall
characteristics of an transvestite center, including many new
public buildings and housing for civil servants. Much of
thearchitecture of Taipei dates from the period of Japanese rule,
including the Presidential Building which was the Office of
theTaiwan Governor-General (Japanese: ).
During Japanese rule, Taihoku was incorporated in 1920 as part
of Taihoku Prefecture (Japanese: ). Itincluded Bangka (), Twatutia
(), and Jnai () among other small settlements. The eastern village
Matsuyama() was annexed into Taihoku City in 1938. Upon the
Japanese defeat in the Pacific War and its consequent surrenderin
August 1945, the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) assumed
control of Taiwan. Subsequently, a temporary Office of
the Taiwan Province Administrative Governor was established in
Taipei City.[13]
Martial law and modern democracy
In 1947 the KMT government under Chiang Kai-shek declared
island-wide martiallaw in Taiwan as a result of the 2-28 Incident,
which began with incidents in Taipeibut led to an island-wide
crackdown on the local population by forces loyal toChiang. Two
years later, on December 7, 1949, Chiang and the Kuomintang
wereforced to flee mainland China by the Communists at the Chinese
Civil War. Therefugees declared Taipei to be the provisional
capital of a continuing Republic ofChina, with the official capital
at Nanjing (Nanking) even though that city was under
Communist control.[8][9]
Taipei expanded greatly in the decades after 1949, and as
approved on December30, 1966 by the Executive Yuan, Taipei was
declared a special centrallyadministered municipality on July 1,
1967 and given the administrative status of a
province.[12] In the following year, Taipei City expanded again
by annexing Shilin,Beitou, Neihu, Nangang, Jingmei, and Muzha. At
that time, the city's total area increased fourfold through
absorbing several
outlying towns and villages and the population increased to 1.56
million people.[12]
The city's population, which had reached one million in the
early 1960s, also expanded rapidly after 1967, exceeding two
million by the mid-1970s. Although growth within the city itself
gradually slowed thereafter[13] its population had becomerelatively
stable by the mid-1990s Taipei remained one of the world's most
densely populated urban areas, and thepopulation continued to
increase in the region surrounding the city, notably along the
corridor between Taipei and Keelung.
In 1990 Taipei's 16 districts were consolidated into the current
12 districts.[14] Mass democracy rallies that year in the
plazaaround Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall led to an island-wide
transition to multi-party democracy, where legislators are
chosenvia regularly scheduled popular elections, during the
presidency of Lee Teng-Hui.
Culture
Tourism
See also: List of tourist attractions in Taipei and List of
museums in Taipei
Commemorative sites and museums
See also: National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall and List of
museums inTaipei
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Shung Ye Museum
of Formosan
Aborigines
The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument,
landmark and tourist attraction that was erected in
memory of General Chiang Kai-shek, former President of the
Republic of China.[15] The structure stands at the east end
ofMemorial Hall Square, site of the National Concert Hall and
National Theater and their adjacent parks as well as the
memorial.The landmarks of Liberty Square stand within sight of
Taiwan's Presidential Building in Taipei's Zhongzheng District.
The National Taiwan Museum sits nearby in what is now 228 Peace
Memorial Park and has worn its present name since1999. The museum
is Taiwan's oldest, founded on October 24, 1908 by Taiwan's
Japanese colonial government (1895-1945)as the Taiwan Governor's
Museum. It was launched with a collection of 10,000 items to
celebrate the opening of the island's
North-South Railway.[16] In 1915 a new museum building opened
its doors in what is now 228 Peace Memorial Park. Thisstructure and
the adjacent Governor's residence (now Presidential Office
Building, served as the two most recognizable public
buildings in Taiwan during its period of Japanese rule.[16]
The National Palace Museum is a vast art gallery and museum
built around a permanent collectioncentered on ancient Chinese
artifacts. It should not be confused with the Palace Museum in
Beijing(which it is named after); both institutions trace their
origins to the same institution. The collections
were divided in the 1940s as a result of the Chinese Civil
War.[17][18] The National Palace Museumin Taipei now boasts a truly
international collection while housing one of the world's largest
collections
of artifacts from ancient China.[18]
The strikingly designed Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines
stands just 200 metres acrossthe road from the National Palace
Museum. The museum offers magnificent displays of art andhistorical
items by Taiwanese aborigines along with a range of multimedia
displays.
The Taipei Fine Arts Museum was established in 1983 as the first
museum in Taiwan dedicated tomodern art. The museum is housed in a
building designed for the purpose that takes inspiration
fromJapanese designs. Most art in the collection is by Taiwanese
artists since 1940. Over 3,000 artworks are organized into 13
groups.
The National Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall near Taipei 101 in Xinyi
District is named in honor of a founding father of the
Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen. The hall, completed on May 16,
1972.[19] originally featured exhibits that depictedrevolutionary
events in China at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Today it functions
as multi-purpose social, educational, concertand cultural center
for Taiwan's citizens.
In 2001 a new museum opened as MoCA Taipei or Museum of
Contemporary Art Taipei (). The museum
is housed in a building that formerly housed Taipei City
government offices.[20]
Taipei 101
Taipei 101 is a 101-floor landmark skyscraper that claimed the
title of world's tallest building when it opened in 2004, a title
itheld for six years before relinquishing it to the Burj Kalifa in
Dubai. Designed by C.Y. Lee & Partners and constructed byKTRT
Joint Venture, Taipei 101 measures 509 m (1,670 ft) from ground to
top, making it the first skyscraper in the world tobreak the
half-kilometer mark in height. Built to withstand typhoon winds and
earthquake tremors, its design incorporates manyengineering
innovations and has won numerous international awards. Taipei 101
remains one of the tallest skyscrapers in theworld and holds LEED's
certification as the world's largest "green" building. Its shopping
mall and its indoor and outdoorobservatories draw visitors from all
over the world. Taipei 101's New Year's Eve fireworks display is a
regular feature ofinternational broadcasts.
Performing arts
The National Theater and Concert Hall stand at Taipei's Liberty
Square and host events by foreign and domestic performers.Other
leading concert venues include Zhongshan Hall at Ximen and the Sun
Yat-sen Memorial Hall near Taipei 101.
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Night view of a fully lit Taipei 101
A new venue, the Taipei Performing Arts Center, is under
construction and slated to open in 2015.[21][22] The venue will
stand
near the Shilin Night Market[23] and will house three theaters
for events with multi-week runs. The architectural design, by
Rem
Koolhaas and OMA, was determined in 2009 in an international
competition.[24] The same design process is also in place for a
new Taipei Center for Popular Music and Taipei City
Museum.[25]
Shopping and recreation
Main article: Shopping in Taipei
Taipei is known for its many night markets, the most famous of
which is the Shilin Night Market in the Shilin District.
Thesurrounding streets by Shilin Night Market are extremely crowded
during the evening, usually opening late afternoon andoperating
well past midnight. Most night markets feature individual stalls
selling a mixture of food, clothing, and consumergoods.
Ximending has been a famous area for shopping and entertainment
since the 1930s.Historic structures include a concert hall, a
historic cinema, and the Red HouseTheater. Modern structures house
karaoke businesses, art film cinemas, wide-release movie cinemas,
electronic stores, and a wide variety of restaurants and
fashion clothing stores.[26] The pedestrian area is especially
popular with teens and
has been called the "Harajuku" of Taipei.[27]
The newly developed Xinyi District is popular with tourists and
locals alike for itsmany entertainment and shopping venues, as well
as being the home of Taipei 101, aprime tourist attraction. Malls
in the area include the sprawling Shin Kong Mitsukoshicomplex,
Taipei 101 mall, Eslite Bookstore's flagship store (which includes
aboutique mall), The Living Mall, ATT shopping mall, and the
Vieshow Cinemas(formerly known as Warner Village). The Xinyi
district also serves as the center ofTaipei's active nightlife,
with several popular nightclubs concentrated in a relativelysmall
area around the Neo19 and Taipei 101 buildings.
The thriving shopping area around Taipei Main Station includes
the TaipeiUnderground Market and the original Shin Kong Mitsukoshi
department store atShin Kong Life Tower. Other popular shopping
destinations include the ZhongshanMetro Mall, Dihua Street, the
Guang Hua Digital Plaza, and the Core Pacific City.The Miramar
Entertainment Park is known for its large Ferris wheel and
IMAXtheater.
Taipei maintains an extensive system of parks, green spaces, and
nature preserves.Parks and forestry areas of note in and around the
city include YangmingshanNational Park, Taipei Zoo and Da-an Forest
Park. Yangmingshan National Park(located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)
north of the central city) is famous for its cherryblossoms, hot
springs, and sulfur deposits. It is the home of famous writer Lin
Yutang, the summer residence of Chiang Kai-shek, residences of
foreign diplomats, the Chinese Culture University, the meeting
place of the now defunct National Assemblyof the Republic of China,
and the Kuomintang Party Archives. The Taipei Zoo was founded in
1914 and covers an area of 165hectares for animal sanctuary.
Bitan is known for boating and water sports. Tamsui is a popular
sea-side resort town. Ocean beaches are accessible inseveral
directions from Taipei.
Temples
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Taiwan's National Concert Hall at
night
The busy streets of Ximending at
night
Built in 1738, Longshan Temple is
one of the oldest temples in the city.
New Year's Eve fireworks at Taipei
101
Taipei is rich in beautiful, ornate templeshousing Buddhist,
Taoist, and Chinese folkreligion deities. The Longshan Temple,built
in 1738 and located in the WanhuaDistrict, demonstrates an example
ofarchitecture with southern Chineseinfluences commonly seen on
olderbuildings in Taiwan.
Xinsheng South Road is known as the"Road to Heaven" due to its
highconcentration of temples, shrines,
churches, and mosques.[28][29] Otherfamous temples include Baoan
Templelocated in historic Dalongdong, a nationalhistorical site,
and Xiahai City GodTemple, located in the old Dadaocheng
community, constructed with architecture similar to temples in
southern Fujian.[30]
The Taipei Confucius Temple traces its history back to 1879
during the Qing
Dynasty and also incorporates southern Fujian-style
architecture.[31]
Besides large temples, small outdoor shrines to local deities
are very common andcan be spotted on road sides, parks, and
neighborhoods. Many homes andbusinesses may also set up small
shrines of candles, figurines, and offerings. Somerestaurants, for
example, may set up a small shrine to the Kitchen god for success
in
a restaurant business.[32]
Festivals and events
Many yearly festivals are held in Taipei. In recent years some
festivals, such as theDouble Ten Day fireworks and concerts, are
increasingly hosted on a rotating basisby a number of cities around
Taiwan.
When New Year's Eve arrives on the solar calendar, thousands of
people convergeon Taipei's Xinyi District for parades, outdoor
concerts by popular artists, streetshows, round-the clock
nightlife. The high point is of course the countdown tomidnight,
when Taipei 101 assumes the role of the world's largest
fireworksplatform.
The Taipei Lantern Festival concludes the Lunar New Year
holiday. The timing ofthe city's lantern exhibit coincides with the
national festival in Pingxi, when thousands
of fire lanterns are released into the sky.[33] The city's
lantern exhibit rotates amongdifferent downtown locales from year
to year, including Liberty Square, Taipei 101,and Zhongshan Hall in
Ximending.
On Double Ten Day, patriotic celebrations are held in front of
the PresidentialBuilding. Other annual festivals include Ancestors
Day (Tomb-Sweeping Day), the
Dragon Boat Festival, the Ghost Festival, and the Mid-Autumn
Festival (Moon Festival).[33]
Taipei regularly hosts its share of international events. The
city recently hosted the 2009 Summer Deaflympics.[34] This eventwas
followed by the Taipei International Flora Exposition, a garden
festival hosted from November 2010 to April 2011. TheFloral Expo
was the first of its kind to take place in Taiwan and only the
seventh hosted in Asia; the expo admitted 110,000
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Lantern Festival at Liberty Square
visitors on February 27, 2011.
Taipei in film
Luc Besson's Lucy (drama)
Ang Lee's Eat Drink Man Woman (drama)
Adam Kane and Will Tiao's Formosa Betrayed (political
thriller)
Edward Yang's Yi Yi: A One and a Two (drama)
Edward Yang's Mahjong (drama/comedy)
Edward Yang's A Brighter Summer Day (drama)
Edward Yang's The Terrorizers (drama)
Edward Yang's Taipei Story (drama)
Edward Yang's A Confucian Confusion (drama/comedy)
Tsai Ming-liang's Rebels of the Neon God (drama)
Tsai Ming-liang's Vive L'Amour (drama)
Tsai Ming-liang's The River (drama)
Tsai Ming-liang's What Time Is It There? (drama)
Tsai Ming-liang's Goodbye, Dragon Inn (drama)
Tsai Ming-liang's Face (drama)
Hou Hsiao-hsien's Dust in the Wind (drama)
Hou Hsiao-hsien's Daughter of the Nile (drama)
Hou Hsiao-hsien's Goodbye South, Goodbye (drama)
Hou Hsiao-hsien's Millennium Mambo (drama)
Hou Hsiao-hsien's Three Times (drama)
Leon Dai's No Puedo Vivir Sin Ti (drama)
Chung Mong-hong's Parking (drama)
Chen Yin-jung's Formula 17 (gay/comedy)
Zero Chou's Spider Lilies (lesbian/drama)
Chen Hung-I's Candy Rain (lesbian/drama)
Arvin Chen's Au Revoir Taipei (comedy)
Chen Yu-hsun's Tropical Fish (drama/comedy)
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Romanization
See also: Romanization of Chinese in the Republic of China
The spelling "Taipei" derives from the Wade-Giles romanization
T'ai-pei.[35] Though the name is romanized as Tibi under
the systems now (New Phonetic System/Hanyu Pinyin) and formerly
(Tongyong Pinyin) in official use,[36][37] the familiarity ofthe
earlier spelling led government authorities to retain it.
Geography
Te-sheng Wei's Cape No. 7 (drama/comedy)
Doze Niu's Monga (drama/action)
Hsiao Ya-chuan's Taipei Exchanges (drama/comedy)
Lin Cheng-sheng's Betelnut beauty (drama/romance)
Huo Jianqi's Snowfall in Taipei (drama/romance)
Hsiao-tse Cheng's Miao Miao (romance/comedy)
Sylvia Chang's 20 30 40 (romance/comedy)
Chen Kuo-Fu's The Personals (drama/romance)
Fen-fen Cheng's Hear Me (drama/romance)
Hsiao-ming Hsu's Love of May (romance)
Yee Chin-yen's Blue Gate Crossing (romance)
Jay Chou's Secret (romance)
Chen Kuo-Fu's Double Vision (horror/suspense)
Chao-Bin Su's Silk (horror/suspense)
Jia Zhangke's I Wish I Knew (Documentary)
Wong Kar-wai's Happy Together (Hong Kong studio, filmed in three
cities : Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, and Taipei)
John Woo's A Better Tomorrow (Hong Kong studio, filmed in Hong
Kong and Taipei) (action)
Kirk Wong's Crime Story (Hong Kong studio, filmed in Hong Kong,
Taipei) (action)
David Lam's Asian Connection (Hong Kong studio, filmed in Hong
Kong, Taipei) (action)
Andrew Lau's Young and Dangerous 2 (Hong Kong studio, filmed on
location in Taipei)
Turn Left, Turn Right (Hong Kong studio, filmed on location in
Taipei)
One Missed Call 2 (Japanese studio, filmed in Taipei and
Jinguashi)
About Love (Japanese studio, filmed on three cities in Asia:
Taipei, Tokyo, and Shanghai)
Mamoru Oshii's StrayDog: Kerberos Panzer Cops (science
fiction/drama)
Takashi Miike's Rainy Dog (Japanese studio, filmed on location
in Taipei) (drama)
Takahisa Zeze's Moon Child (Japanese studio, filmed in Taipei,
as the futuristic city of Mallepa) (drama)
Robert Wise's The Sand Pebbles (Hollywood studio, filmed in
Taipei, Keelung, Tamsui and Hong Kong) (drama)
Hkon Liu's Miss Kicki (Swedish studio, filmed in Taipei, Sun
Moon Lake) (drama)
David Verbeek's R U There (The Netherlands)
David Verbeek's How to describe a cloud (The Netherlands)
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The city of Taipei, as seen from
Maokong.Tracks of all Pacific typhoons
between 1980 and 2005.
Taipei City is located in the Taipei Basin in
northern Taiwan.[38] It is bordered by theXindian River on the
south and the TamsuiRiver on the west. The generally
low-lyingterrain of the central areas on the westernside of the
municipality slopes upward tothe south and east and especially to
the
north,[2] where it reaches 1,120 metres(3,675 ft) at Cising
Mountain, the highest(inactive) volcano in Taiwan inYangmingshan
National Park. Thenorthern districts of Shilin and Beitouextend
north of the Keelung River and are bordered by Yangmingshan
National
Park. The Taipei city limits cover an area ranked sixteenth of
twenty-five among all counties and cities in Taiwan.
Two peaks, Cising Mountain and Mt. Datun, rise to the northeast
of the city.[39] Cising Mountain is located on the TatunVolcano
Group and the tallest mountain at the rim of the Taipei Basin, with
its main peak at 1,120 metres (3,670 ft). Mt.Datun's main peak is
1,092 metres (3,583 ft). These former volcanoes make up the western
section of Yangmingshan NationalPark, extending from Mt. Datun
northward to Mt. Caigongkeng (). Located on a broad saddle between
twomountains, the area also contains the marshy Datun Pond.
To the southeast of the city lie the Songshan Hills and the
Qingshui Ravine, which form a barrier of lush woods.[39]
Climate
Taipei has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical
climate[40][41][42] (Kppen: Cfa).[43] Summers are long, hot and
humid,accompanied by occasional heavy rainstorms and typhoons,
while winters are short, generally mild and generally very foggydue
to the northeasterly winds from the vast Siberian High being
intensified by the pooling of this cooler air in the Taipei
Basin.Due to Taiwan's location in the Pacific Ocean, it is affected
by the Pacific typhoon season, which occurs between June
andOctober.
Climate data for Taipei (normals 19812010, extremes
1900present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high C (F)31.9
(89.4)31.4
(88.5)35.0(95)
36.2(97.2)
37.7(99.9)
37.8(100)
38.6(101.5)
39.3(102.7)
37.1(98.8)
36.1(97)
34.3(93.7)
31.5(88.7)
39.3(102.7)
Average high C (F)19.1
(66.4)19.6
(67.3)22.1
(71.8)25.7
(78.3)29.2
(84.6)32
(90)34.3
(93.7)33.8
(92.8)31.1(88)
27.5(81.5)
24.2(75.6)
20.7(69.3)
26.6(79.9)
Daily mean C (F)16.1(61)
16.5(61.7)
18.5(65.3)
21.9(71.4)
25.2(77.4)
27.7(81.9)
29.6(85.3)
29.2(84.6)
27.4(81.3)
24.5(76.1)
21.5(70.7)
17.9(64.2)
23(73.41)
Average low C (F)13.9(57)
14.2(57.6)
15.8(60.4)
19(66)
22.3(72.1)
24.6(76.3)
26.3(79.3)
26.1(79)
24.8(76.6)
22.3(72.1)
19.3(66.7)
15.6(60.1)
20.4(68.7)
Record low C (F)0.1
(31.8)0.2
(31.6)1.4
(34.5)4.7
(40.5)10.0(50)
15.6(60.1)
19.5(67.1)
18.9(66)
13.5(56.3)
10.2(50.4)
1.1(34)
1.8(35.2)
0.2(31.6)
Rainfall mm (inches)83.2
(3.276)170.3
(6.705)180.4
(7.102)177.8
(7)234.5
(9.232)325.9
(12.831)245.1(9.65)
322.1(12.681)
360.5(14.193)
148.9(5.862)
83.1(3.272)
73.3(2.886)
2,405.1(94.69)
Avg. rainy days ( 0.1 mm) 14.1 14.6 15.5 14.9 14.8 15.5 12.3 14
13.8 11.9 12.4 11.7 165.5
% humidity 78.5 80.6 79.5 77.8 76.6 77.3 73 74.1 75.8 75.3 75.4
75.4 76.6
Mean monthly sunshinehours
80.6 71.3 89.6 92.6 113.7 121.7 179 188.9 153.7 124 99.4 90.7
1,405.2
Source: Central Weather Bureau[44]
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Bellavita Shopping Center and CPC
Building at Xinyi Business Area
Air quality
Motor vehicle engine exhaust, particularly from motor scooters,
is a source of air pollution in Taipei. The levels of
fineparticulate matter, including PAHs, are consistently more
serious in the mornings as there is less air movement; sunlight
helps
clear up some pollutants, which tend to be trapped close to the
ground.[45] When compared to other Asian cities, however,
Taipei has "excellent" capabilities for managing air quality in
the city.[46] Occasionally, dust storms from Mainland China can
temporarily bring poor air quality to the city.[47]
Economy
See also: Economy of Taiwan
As the center of Taiwan's largest conurbation, Taipei has been
at the center of rapideconomic development in the country and has
now become one of the global cities in
the production of high technology and its components.[48] This
is part of the so-called Taiwan Miracle which has seen dramatic
growth in the city following foreigndirect investment in the 1960s.
Taiwan is now a creditor economy, holding one ofthe world's largest
foreign exchange reserves of over US$403 billion as of
December 2012.[49]
Despite the Asian financial crisis, the economy continues to
expand at about 5% peryear, with virtually full employment and low
inflation. As of 2007, the nominal GDPof the core city of Taipei
has accrued to nearly US$160 billion, while the metro region of
Taipei has a GDP (nominal) ofaround US$260 billion, a record that
would rank it 13th among world cities by GDP. The GDP per capita of
Taipei is
US$48,400, and the second highest in Asia behind Tokyo, which
has a GDP per capita of US$65,453.[50]
Taipei and its environs have long been the foremost industrial
area of Taiwan, consisting of industries of the secondary and
tertiary sectors.[51] Most of the country's important factories
producing textiles and apparel are located there; other
industriesinclude the manufacture of electronic products and
components, electrical machinery and equipment, printed
materials,precision equipment, and foods and beverages. Such
companies include Shihlin Electric, CipherLab and Insyde
Software.Shipbuilding, including yachts and other pleasure craft,
is done in the port of Keelung northeast of the city.
Services, including those related to commerce, transportation,
and banking, have become increasingly important. Tourism is a
small but significant component of the local economy[52][53]
with international visitors totaling almost 3 million in
2008.[54]
Taipei has many top tourist attractions and contributes a
significant amount to the US$6.8 billion tourism industry in
Taiwan.[55]
National brands such as ASUS,[56] Chunghwa Telecom,[57] Mandarin
Airlines,[58] Tatung,[59] and Uni Air,[60][61] D-Link [62]
are headquartered in Taipei City.
Government
Main articles: Taipei City Government and Taipei City
Council
See also: Mayor of Taipei City and Republic of China municipal
elections, 2010
Taipei City is a special municipality which is directly under
the Executive Yuan (Central Government) of ROC. The mayor ofTaipei
City had been an appointed position since Taipei's conversion to a
centrally administered municipality in 1967 until the
first public election was held in 1994.[63] The position has a
four-year term and is elected by direct popular vote. The first
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Taipei City Hall
Taipei City Council
elected mayor was Chen Shui-bian of the Democratic Progressive
Party. Ma Ying-jeou took office in 1998 for two terms,
before handing it over to Hau Lung-pin who won the 2006 mayoral
election on December 9, 2006.[64] Both Chen Shui-bianand Ma
Ying-Jeou went on to become President of the Republic of China.
Based on the outcomes of previous elections in the past decade,
the vote of theoverall constituency of Taipei City shows a slight
inclination towards the pro-KMT
camp (the Pan-Blue Coalition);[65] however, the pro-DPP camp
(the Pan-Green
Coalition) also has considerable support.[66]
Ketagalan Boulevard, where the Presidential Office Building and
other governmentstructures are situated, is often the site of mass
gatherings such as inauguration andnational holiday parades,
receptions for visiting dignitaries, political
demonstrations,[67][68] and public festivals.[69]
Garbage recycling
Taipei City is also famous for its effort in garbage recycling,
which has become sucha good international precedent that other
countries have sent teams to study therecycling system. After the
Environmental Protection Administration (EPA)established a program
in 1998 combining the efforts of communities, a financialresource
named the Recycling Fund was made available to recycling companies
andwaste collectors. Manufacturers, vendors and importers of
recyclable waste pay feesto the Fund, which uses the money to set
firm prices for recyclables and subsidizelocal recycling efforts.
Between 1998 and 2008, the recycling rate increased from 6
percent to 32 percent.[70] This improvement enabled the
government of Taipei todemonstrate its recycling system to the
world at the Shanghai World Expo 2010.
Administrative divisions
Taipei City is divided up into 12 administrative districts (
qu).[71] Each district is further divided up into villages (),
whichare further sub-divided up into neighborhoods ().
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Map
DistrictPopulation
(Feb. 2012)
Area
(km)
Postal
codeName Chinese PinyinWade
Giles
Peh-
e-j
BeitouDistrict
Bitu Pei-t'ouPak-
tu252,484 56.8216 112
Da'anDistrict
D'n Ta-an Ti-an 313,710 11.3614 106
DatongDistrict
DtngTa-t'ung
Ti-tng
127,092 5.6815 103
NangangDistrict
NngngNan-
kang
Lm-
kng116,516 21.8424 115
NeihuDistrict
Nih Nei-hu Li- 276,217 31.5787 114
ShilinDistrict
Shln Shih-lin S-lm 287,248 62.3682 111
SongshanDistrict
SngshnSung-shan
Sing-san
210,347 9.2878 105
WanhuaDistrict
WnhuWan-hua
Bng-kah
190,963 8.8522 108
Wenshan
District
WnshnWen-shan
Bn-san
266,934 31.5090 116
XinyiDistrict
Xny Hsin-yi Sn-g 226,770 11.2077 110
Zhongshan
District
ZhngshnChung-
shan
Tiong-
san224,258 13.6821 104
Zhongzheng
District
ZhngzhngChung-cheng
Tiong-chng
161,409 7.6071 100
City planning
The city is characterized by straight roads and public buildings
of grand Western architectural styles.[72] The city is built on
asquare grid configuration, however these blocks are huge by
international standards (500 m (1,640.42 ft) sides). Howeverthere
is little uniformed planning within these blocks; therefore lanes
(perpendicular to streets) and alleys (parallel with street,
orconceptually, perpendicular to the lane) spill out from the main
throughways. These minor roads are not always perpendicularand
sometimes cut through the block diagonally.
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Platform of Wende Station on the
Taipei Metro system.
Taipei Railway Station front
Although development began in the western districts of the city
from trade, the eastern districts of the city have become the
downtown. Many of the western districts, already in decline,
have become targets of new urban renewal projects.[72]
Transportation
Public transport accounts for a substantial portion of different
modes of transport in
Taiwan, with Taipei residents having the highest utilization
rate at 34.1%.[73] Privatetransport consists of motor scooters,
private cars, and bicycles. Motor-scootersoften weave between cars
and occasionally through oncoming traffic. Respect fortraffic laws,
once scant, has improved with deployment of traffic cameras
andincreasing numbers of police roadblocks checking riders for
alcohol consumptionand other offenses.
Taipei Station serves as the comprehensive hub for the subway,
bus, conventionalrail, and high-speed rail. A contactless
smartcard, known as EasyCard, can be usedfor all modes of public
transit as well as several retail outlets. It contains credits
that
are deducted each time a ride is taken.[74] The EasyCard is read
via proximitysensory panels on buses and in MRT stations, and it
does not need to be removedfrom one's wallet or purse.
Metro
Main article: Taipei Metro
Taipei's public transport system, the Taipei Metro (commonly
referred to as the MRT), incorporates a metro and light railsystem
based on advanced VAL and Bombardier technology. In addition to the
rapid transit system itself, the Taipei Metroalso includes several
public facilities such as the Maokong Gondola, underground shopping
malls, parks, and public squares.Modifications to existing railway
lines to integrate them into the metro system are underway, as well
as a rapid transit line toconnect the city with Taiwan Taoyuan
International Airport and Taoyuan County.
Rail
Main articles: Taiwan High Speed Rail and Taiwan Railway
Administration
Beginning in 1983, surface rail lines in the city were moved
underground as part of
the Taipei Railway Underground Project.[75] The Taiwan High
Speed Rail systemopened in 2007. The bullet trains connect Taipei
with the west coast cities ofBanciao, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Taichung,
Chiayi, and Tainan before terminating atZuoying (Kaohsiung) at
speeds that cut travel times by 60% or more from what they
normally are on a bus or conventional train.[76] The Taiwan
Railway Administrationalso runs passenger and freight services
throughout the entire island.
Bus
Main article: Taipei Joint Bus System
An extensive city bus system serves metropolitan areas not
covered by the metro, with exclusive bus lanes to facilitate
transportation.[51] Riders of the city metro system are able to
use the EasyCard for discounted fares on buses, and vice
versa.Several major intercity bus terminals are located throughout
the city, including the Taipei Bus Station and Taipei City Hall
Bus
Station.[77]
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Taipei Songshan Airport
West Site of National Taiwan
University Hospital
Airports
Main articles: Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and Taipei
Songshan
Airport
Most scheduled international flights are served by Taiwan
Taoyuan InternationalAirport in nearby Taoyuan County. Songshan
Airport at the heart of the city in theSongshan District serves
domestic flights and scheduled flights to Tokyo
InternationalAirport (also known as Haneda Airport), Gimpo
International Airport in Seoul, andabout 15 destinations in the
People's Republic of China. Songshan Airport isaccessible by the
Taipei Metro Neihu Line; Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport isnot
yet accessible by rail but a line is under construction.
Demographics
Taipei City is home to 2,607,428 people, while the metropolitan
area has a population of 6,776,264 people.[3] The populationof the
city proper has been decreasing in recent years while the
population of the adjacent New Taipei has been
increasing.[3][78][79] Due to Taipei's geography and location in
the Taipei Basin as well as differing times of economicdevelopment
of its districts, Taipei's population is not evenly distributed.
The districts of Daan, Songshan, and Datong are the
most densely populated.[78]
In 2008, the crude birth rate stood at 7.88% while the mortality
rate stood at 5.94%. A decreasing and rapidly aging
population is an important issue for the city.[78] By the end of
2009, one in ten people in Taipei was over 65 years of age.[80]
Residents who had obtained a college education or higher
accounted for 43.48% of the population, and the literacy rate
stood
at 99.18%.[78]
Like the rest of Taiwan, Taipei is composed of four major ethnic
groups: Hoklos, Mainlanders, Hakkas, and aborigines.[78]
Although Hoklos and Mainlanders form the majority of the
population of the city, in recent decades many Hakkas have
movedinto the city. The aboriginal population in the city stands at
12,862 (
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Taipei Arena
University of Taipei (2013) (1958)
Taipei Medical
University (1960)
Tatung University
(1956)
China University of
Technology (1965)
National Taiwan University (NTU) was established in 1928 during
the period of Japanese colonial rule. NTU has producedmany
political and social leaders in Taiwan. Both pan-blue and pan-green
movements in Taiwan are rooted on the NTUcampus. The university has
six campuses in the greater Taipei region (including New Taipei)
and two additional campuses inNantou County. The University governs
farms, forests, and hospitals for educational and research
purposes. The main campusis in Taipei's Da-An district, where most
department buildings and all the administrative buildings are
located. The College ofLaw and the College of Medicine are located
near the Presidential Building. The National Taiwan University
Hospital is a
leading international center of medical research.[81]
National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU or Shida) likewise
traces its origins to the Japanese colonial period. Originally
ateacher training institution, NTNU has developed into a
comprehensive international university with demanding
entrancerequirements. The university boasts especially strong
programs in the humanities and international education. Worldwide
it isperhaps best known as home of the Mandarin Training Center, a
program that offers Mandarin language training each year toover a
thousand students from dozens of countries throughout the world.
The main campus in Taipei's Da-An district, nearMRT Guting Station,
is known for its historic architecture and giving its name to the
Shida Night Market, one of the mostpopular among the numerous night
markets in Taipei.
Chinese language program for foreigners
Taiwan Mandarin Institute (TMI) ()
International Chinese Language Program (ICLP) () of National
Taiwan University
Mandarin Training Center (MTC) () of National Taiwan Normal
University
Taipei Language Institute ()
Sports
Due to Taiwan being under American and Japanese influence over
the years, thesports of baseball in particular and basketball have
become popular in the city.Taipei, like the rest of the country,
has featured most prominently in baseball and hasoften been the
venue for the Asian Baseball Championship since the 1960s.
Major sporting events
Below is a list of recent sporting events hosted by the
city:
2001 Asian Baseball Championship
2001 Baseball World Cup
2001 AFC Women's Championship
2004 FIFA Futsal World Championship
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Tianmu Baseball Stadium
TVBS-G produces programs mainly
from their Nangang building in Taipei
City.
2007 Baseball World Cup
2009 Summer Deaflympics
Taipei will also host the 2017 Summer Universiade
The Taipei Arena it's located at the site of the former Taipei
Municipal BaseballStadium (demolished in 2000), with a capacity of
over 15,000. Designed byArchasia, the arena was opened on December
1, 2005. Since opening in 2005, thearena has held more art and
cultural activities (such as live concerts) than sportingevents,
which it was originally designed and built for. The main arena has
anadjustable floor space: its minimum floor space is 60 m 30 m
(196.85 ft 98.43 ft), and can be extended to 80 m 40 m (262.47 ft
131.23 ft). TheChinese Taipei Ice Hockey League (CIHL) plays out of
the auxiliary arena, which isa 60 m 30 m (196.85 ft 98.43 ft) ice
skating rink.
The Tianmu Baseball Stadium is the major basebal venue in
Taipei.
Taipei has the only football-specific stadium in Taiwan,
Zhongshan Soccer Stadium, which hosts the national football team.
Ithosts qualifiers for the FIFA World and AFC regional cups, and
finals of school football tournaments. Since there are
noprofessional football leagues in Taiwan, no other sporting events
are held there, since 2009, the Taipei Stadium hosts theSoccer and
Athletic events.
Youth baseball
In 2010, a Taipei baseball team Chung-Ching Junior Little League
won the Junior League World Series, after winningthe Asia-Pacific
Region, then defeating the Mexico Region and Latin America Region
champions to become the Internationalchampion, and finally
defeating the U.S. champion (Southwest Region), Rose Capital East
LL (Tyler, Texas), 9-
1.[citation needed]
Media
As the capital, Taipei City is the headquarters for many
television and radio stationsin Taiwan and the center of some of
the country's largest newspapers.
Television
Television stations located in Taipei include the CTS Education
and Culture, CTSRecreation, CTV MyLife, CTV News Channel, China
Television, ChineseTelevision System, Chung T'ien Television, Dimo
TV, Eastern Television, EraTelevision, FTV News, Follow Me TV,
Formosa TV, Gala Television, PublicTelevision Service, SET Metro,
SET News, SET Taiwan, Sanlih E-Television,Shuang Xing, TTV Family,
TTV Finance, TTV World, TVBS, TVBS-G, TVBS-NEWS, Taiwan
Broadcasting System, Videoland Television Network and
TaiwanTelevision.
Newspapers
Newspapers include Apple Daily, Central Daily News, The China
Post, China Times, Kinmen Daily News, LibertyTimes, Mandarin Daily
News, Matsu Daily, Min Sheng Bao, Sharp Daily, Taipei Times, Taiwan
Daily, Taiwan News,Taiwan Times and United Daily News.
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International relations
Taipei is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21.
Main article: List of sister cities of Taipei
Twin towns and sister cities
Taipei is twinned with:[82][83]
Houston, Texas, United States
(1961)
Lom, Togo (1966)
Manila, Philippines (1966)
Cotonou, Benin (1967)
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
(1968)
Quezon City, Philippines (1968)
Seoul, South Korea (1968)[84][85]
San Francisco, California, United
States (1970)
Santo Domingo, Dominican
Republic (1970)
Guam, United States (1973)
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
(1975)[86]
Tegucigalpa, Honduras (1975)
Indianapolis, Indiana, United
States (1978)
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (1978)
Marshall, Texas, United States
(1978)
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
(1979)
Los Angeles, California, United
States (1979)
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
(1979)[87]
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,
United States (1981)
Gold Coast, Queensland,
Australia (1982)
Johannesburg, South Africa
(1982)
Pretoria, South Africa (1983)
Lilongwe, Malawi (1984)
San Jos, Costa Rica (1984)
Versailles, France (1986)
Asuncin, Paraguay (1987)
Panama City, Panama (1989)
Managua, Nicaragua (1992)
San Salvador, El Salvador
(1993)
Warsaw, Poland (1995)[88]
Ulan-Ude, Buryatia, Russia
(1996)
Banjul, Gambia (1997)
Bissau, Guinea-Bissau (1997)
Boston, Massachusetts,
United States (1997)
Dakar, Senegal (1997)
Dallas, Texas, United
States (1997)[89]
La Paz, Bolivia (1997)
Mbabane, Swaziland
(1997)
San Nicols, Nuevo
Len, Mexico (1997)
Ulan Bator, Mongolia
(1997)
Guatemala City,
Guatemala (1998)
Majuro, Marshall Islands
(1998)
Monrovia, Liberia
(1998)
Vilnius, Lithuania (1998)
Riga, Latvia (2001)[90]
Malabon, Philippines
(2005)
Ouagadougou, Burkina
Faso (2008)
Daegu, South Korea
(2010)
George Town, Malaysia
(2009)
Bangalore, India
Tokyo, Japan (2012)
Prague, Czech
Republic[91]
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Partner city
Anchorage, Alaska, United States (1997)[83]
Friendship cities
Perth, Western Australia, Australia (1999)[83]
Orange County, California, United States (2000)[83]
Gallery
National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall
Taipei from Maokong
the main entrance ofChiang Kai-shekMemorial Hall
Taipei 101
Presidential Office fromKetagalan Boulevard
Grand Hotel Taipei
Grand Hotel Taipei
Dazhi Bridge
Dadaocheng Wharf,Taipei
Bao-an Temple
Zhinan Temple
A typhoon makeslandfall in Taipei
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Zhishan Garden at theNational Palace
Museum
Ximending at Night
Da'an Park
Da'an Park
Taipei skyline as viewedfrom Tiger Mountain
Relative location
See also
New Taipei City
Taipei-Keelung Metropolitan Area
List of districts of Taipei by area
List of districts of Taipei by population
List of districts of Taipei by population density
List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees (#61 in
the world)
List of schools in Taipei
Taipei Community Services Center (offers support services to the
international community)
References
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(http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf). Demographia.
Retrieved 24 November 2013.
2. ^a b "Taipei City Government: Home I. Geographic Overview"
(http://english.taipei.gov.tw/TCG/index.jsp?
categid=36&recordid=9152). Taipei City Government.
2006-10-23. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
3. ^a b c "" (http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/month/m1-07.xls).
Taiwan Ministry of Interior.
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(http://eng.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=4597&ctNode=1627).
Directorate General of Budget,
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5. ^ "The World According to GaWC 2008"
(http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html). Retrieved
2010-01-25.
6. ^ "Taipei (Taiwan) :: History Britannica Online
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(http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/580809/Taipei/231554/History).
Britannica.com. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
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(http://books.google.com/books?id=2p15NToHH2oC&pg=PA85). M.
E. Sharpe. p. 84. ISBN 1-56324-788-7. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
8. ^a b Ng, Franklin (1998). The Taiwanese Americans
(http://books.google.com/books?id=lPzsB_wJQW0C&pg=PA10).
Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 0-313-29762-2. Retrieved
2009-07-27.
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(http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/asia_pacific/2000/taiwan_elections2000/1949_1955.stm).
BBC News. 2000.
Retrieved 2009-07-13. Taipei has never been declared the
official capital but Kuomintang loyalists today generally regard it
as
such. In 2004 elementary textbook references stating "Nanjing is
the capital of the Republic of China" were replaced with
"Taipei is the location of the central government of the
Republic of China."
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(http://web.archive.org/web/20050507005944/http://english.taipei.gov.tw/TCG/index.jsp?recordid=109).
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7,
2005. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
11. ^ Kelly, Robert (2007). Taiwan
(http://books.google.com/books?id=yKUQE-xdQhsC&pg=PA46). Lonely
Planet Publications.
p. 46. ISBN 1-74104-548-7. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
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(http://english.taipei.gov.tw/TCG/index.jsp?recordid=108). Taipei
City Government. Retrieved
2009-08-11.
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(http://books.google.com/books?id=2p15NToHH2oC&pg=PA85). M.
E. Sharpe. p. 85. ISBN 1-56324-788-7. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
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(http://www.cksmh.gov.tw/eng/index.php). 2009-05-05. Retrieved
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Preceded by
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