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Xuaát tín hieäu phaân bieät saûn phaåm (R, RS, RL): Ñeå xuaát tín hieäu phaân bieät saûn phaåm coù theå thöïc hieän baèng leänh SET (S) vaø leänh RESET (R). Sau ñaây laø moät ví duï cho leänh SET vaø leänh P (|P|):
Chuù yù caùc leänh sau:
Leänh SET vaø leänh RESET: Khi leänh SET ñöôïc taùc ñoäng seõ ñaët 1 bit Q0.3 sang traïng thaùi ON. Khi leänh khoâng coøn ñöôïc taùc ñoäng nöõa, Q0.3 vaãn ôû traïng thaùi ON cho ñeán khi leänh RESET Q0.3 ñöôïc taùc ñoäng. Trong tröôøng hôïp naøy, Q0.3 laø ngoõ ra cuûa PLC ñieàu khieån caùc caàn gaïc phaân loaïi saûn phaåm vaø pheá phaåm (R, RS, RL).
Leänh phaùt hieän caïnh leân P: Khi leänh P chuyeån töø traïng thaùi khoâng taùc ñoäng sang ñöôïc taùc ñoäng (nhö trong ví duï treân, I0.4 chuyeån töø OFF sang ON), ngoõ ra leänh P seõ ON trong moät chu kyø queùt cuûa PLC (thöôøng khoaûng vaøi ms).
X1
X2
X3
Ngoõ vaøo (Q0.3)
Q0.3
Saûn phaåm vöøa Saûn phaåm daøi
Ngoõ ra leänh |P|
OFF
ON
ON
ON
OFF ON
ON trong 1 chu kyø queùt
Taøi lieäu thöïc taäp toát nghieäp
Baøi 1 I.5
III.3. YEÂU CAÀU CHUAÅN BÒ TRÖÔÙC KHI THÖÏC TAÄP: (Moãi sinh vieân phaûi noäp chuaån bò tröôùc khi vaøo thöïc taäp) - Töï tìm hieåu caáu truùc PLC S7-200 CPU 212 cuûa Siemens; ngoân ngöõ vaø
o Söû duïng PLC S7-200 vaø Sikostart khôûi ñoäng meàm cho một ñoäng cô, neáu vaän haønh toát thì tieáp tuïc maéc maïch ñieàu khieån khôûi ñoäng cho hai ñoäng cô.
o Döïa treân baøi chuaån bò ñaõ thoáng nhaát, laäp trình (LADDER) cho PLC ñeå ñieàu khieån khôûi ñoäng hai ñoäng cô thoâng qua Sikostart vaø caùc contactor.
o Naïp chöông trình ñieàu khieån vaøo PLC; kieåm tra hoaït ñoäng cuûa chöông trình baèng caùch moâ phoûng caùc traïng thaùi qua caùc nuùt nhaán vaø boùng ñeøn. Neáu hoaït ñoäng theo ñuùng yeâu caàu, baùo caùo ngay vôùi Caùn boä höôùng daãn.
o Caùc thoâng soá caøi ñaët cho Sikostart. o Chöông trình (LADDER) cho PLC thöïc hieän chöùc naêng ñieàu khieån. o Giaûi thích hoaït ñoäng cuûa chöông trình theo töøng network. o Nhaän xeùt quaù trình ñieàu khieån.
Luùc naøy chöông trình seõ kieåm tra cuù phaùp cuûa sô ñoà ñieàu khieån vaø thoâng baùo veà kích thöôùc cuûa chöông trình vaø caùc loãi cuù phaùp cuûa chöông trình :
6. Löu giöõ chöông trình: vaøo menu File choïn leänh Save as, neáu chæ söûa chöông trình thì duøng leänh Save.
7. Naïp chöông trình vaøo CPU cuûa PLC
a. Ñònh CPU ôû cheá ñoä STOP theo moät trong hai caùch: • Gaït contact treân boä PLC qua vò trí STOP • Gaït contact treân boä PLC qua vò trí TERM roài vaøo menu PLC choïn Stop.
b. Vaøo menu File, choïn Download. c. Neáu chöông trình ñöôïc naïp vaøo PLC thaønh coâng thì seõ coù thoâng baùo Download hoaøn thaønh.
8. Kieåm tra söï vaän haønh cuûa chöông trình
Ñònh CPU ôû cheá ñoä RUN theo moät trong hai caùch: • Gaït contact treân boä PLC qua vò trí RUN • Gaït contact treân boä PLC qua vò trí TERM roài vaøo menu PLC choïn Run.
Taøi lieäu höôùng daãn thöïc taäp toát nghieäp
Phaàn höôùng daãn veà PLC
Caáu truùc döõ lieäu soá trong PLC
1. Caùc oâ nhôù ñaëc bieät: SM0.0 Bit naøy luoân luoân ON. SM0.1 Bit naøy chæ ON trong chu kyø queùt ñaàu tieân cuûa PLC. SM0.5 Bit naøy taïo xung clock 1 giaây (0,5s ON vaø 0,5s OFF). SM0.4 Bit naøy taïo xung clock 1 phuùt.
2. Caáu truùc oâ nhôù trong PLC Siemens: 1 Byte = 8 Bit QB0 ≡ Q0.0→Q0.7 1 Word = 2 Byte = 16 Bit (lieân tieáp) QW0 ≡ QB0→QB1 1 Double Word = 4 Byte = 32 Bit (lieân tieáp) QD0 ≡ QB0→QB3
3. Caáu truùc oâ nhôù cuûa döõ lieäu soá: Soá Byte (B) 1 byte ~ Byte Soá Integer (I): 2 byte ~ Word Soá Long Integer (D) 4 byte ~ Double Word Soá Real (R) 4 byte ~ Double Word
Leänh xaùc ñònh caïnh leân
- Tieáp ñieåm phaùt hieän caïnh leân P seõ chæ ON trong moät chu kyø queùt cuûa PLC khi tín hieäu ngay tröôùc P (I0.4) chuyeån traïng thaùi töø 0 leân 1.
Taøi lieäu höôùng daãn thöïc taäp toát nghieäp
Phaàn höôùng daãn veà PLC
PHAÀN HÖÔÙNG DAÃN PLC: USS TOOLBOX
1. USS TOOLBOX :
Trình töï laäp trình söû duïng caùc leänh USS nhö sau : - Ñaët leänh USS_INIT trong chöông trình. Leänh USS_INIT chæ neân ñöôïc goïi trong moät chu kyø queùt ñeå thieát laäp hay thay ñoåi caùc thoâng soá giao tieáp cuûa giao thöùc USS. - Ñaët chæ moät leänh DRV_CTRL cho moãi moät bieán taàn tích cöïc trong chöông trình. Coù theå theâm vaøo nhieàu leänh USS_RPM_x vaø USS_WPM_x neáu caàn thieát, nhöng chæ moät bieán taàn ñöôïc tích cöïc taïi moät thôøi ñieåm. - Thieát laäp caùc thoâng soá bieán taàn ñeå phuø hôïp vôùi toác ñoä baud vaø ñòa chæ cuûa bieán taàn ñöôïc duøng trong chöông trình. - Noái caùp giao tieáp giöõa CPU vaø caùc bieán taàn..
Leänh USS_INIT ñöôïc duøng ñeå cho pheùp vaø thieát laäp hay khoâng cho pheùp giao tieáp vôùi bieán taàn MicroMaster. Leänh USS phaûi ñöôïc thöïc hieän maø khoâng coù loãi xuaát hieän tröôùc khi baát cöù leänh USS Protocol naøo coù theå ñöôïc duøng. Leänh naøy hoaøn thaønh vaø bit Done ñöôïc set laäp töùc tröôùc khi tieáp tuïc tôùi leänh keát tieáp. Leänh naøy ñöôïc thöïc hieän moãi khi ngoõ vaøo EN ñöôïc ON. Leänh USS_INIT neân ñöôïc thöïc thi moãi khi coù thay ñoåi traïng thaùi giao tieáp. Moät khi giao thöùc USS Protocol ñaõ ñöôïc thieát laäp , giao thöùc USS phaûi ñöôïc disable bôûi vieäc thöïc thi moät leänh USS_INIT môùi tröôùc khi coù thay ñoåi trong caùc thoâng soá giao tieáp.
Taøi lieäu höôùng daãn thöïc taäp toát nghieäp
Phaàn höôùng daãn veà PLC
Giaù trò cuûa ngoõ vaøo USS cho pheùp choïn giao thöùc giao tieáp. Giaù trò 1 cho pheùp duøng port 0 cho giao thöùc USS. Giaù trò 0 gaùn port 0 cho giao thöùc PPI vaø disable giao thöùc USS. Ngoõ vaøo BAUD thieát laäp toác ñoä baud : 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19,200, hay 38,400 baud. Ngoõ vaøo ACTIVE chæ ra bieán taàn naøo ñöôïc tích cöïc. Ñoái vôùi bieán taàn MM3 thì hoã trôï ñòa chæ töø 0 ñeán 30.
MSB LSB
31 30 29 28 3 2 1 0
D0D1D2D31 D30 D29
D0 Drive 0 active bit; 0 = drive not active, 1 = drive activeD1 Drive 1 active bit; 0 = drive not active, 1 = drive active...
Active Drive Description and Format Khi leänh USS_INIT hoaøn taát, bit DONE ñöôïc set leân 1. Ngoõ ra ERR (byte) chöùa keát quaû cuûa vieäc thöïc thi leänh. Caùc toaùn haïng vaø kieåu döõ lieäu duøng cho leänh USS_INIT
Leänh USS_CTRL ñöôïc duøng ñeå ñieàu khieån moät bieán taàn MM ñöôïc tích cöïc. Leänh USS_CTRL ñaët caùc leänh choïn tröôùc trong boä ñeäm giao tieáp. Caùc leänh ñaët trong boä ñeäm ñöôïc göûi cho bieán taàn coù ñòa chæ ñöôïc choïn trong thoâng soá DRIVE, neáu ñòa chæ bieán taàn ñoù ñaõ ñöôïc choïn trong thoâng soá ACTIVE cuûa leänh USS_INIT . Moãi bieán taàn chæ neân coù moät leänh DRV_CTRL . Ngoõ vaøo EN phaûi ñöôïc ON ñeån cho pheùp leänh DRV_CTRL(leänh naøy phaûi luoân luoân ñöôïc cho pheùp). Ngoõ vaøo RUN (RUN/STOP) cho pheùp bieán taàn laø on (1) hay off (0). Khi RUN laø ON, boä bieán taàn MM nhaän ñöôïc leänh baét ñaàu chaïy taïi toác ñoä vaø chieàu ñaõ ñònh tröôùc. Ñeå bieán taàn chaïy thì: • DRIVE phaûi ñöôïc choïn tích cöïc ACTIVE
trong USS_INIT. • OFF2 vaø OFF3 phaûi ñöôïc set baèng 0. • FAULT vaø INHIBIT phaûi laø 0. Khi RUN laø OFF thì moät leänh ñöôïc göûi tôùi MM ñeå giaûm toác ñoä xuoáng theo haøm doác cho tôùi khi ñoäng cô döøng haún. Bit OFF2 ñöôïc duøng ñeå cho pheùp bieán taàn MM taét lao doác. Bit OFF3 ñöôïc duøng ñeå MM döøng
Taøi lieäu höôùng daãn thöïc taäp toát nghieäp
Phaàn höôùng daãn veà PLC
nhanh choùng. Bit F_ACK (Fault Acknowledge) ñöôïc duøng ñeå xaùc nhaän loãi trong bieán taàn. Bieán taàn seõ xoaù loãi (FAULT) khi F_ACK ñi töø möùc thaáp ñeán möùc cao. Bit DIR (direction) ñaûođchieàu quay cuûa ñoäng cô. Ngoõ vaøo DRIVE (drive address) chæ ra ñòa chæ cuûa bieán taàn MM maø leänh DRV_CTRL ñaõ ñieàu khieån. Ñòa chæ coù giaù trò töø 0 ñeán 30. Ngoõ vaøo TYPE choïn loaïi bieán taàn. Vôùi bieán taàn MicroMaster 3 choïn Type = 0, vôùi bieán taàn MicroMaster 4 choïn Type = 1. Ngoõ vaøo Speed_SP (speed setpoint) nhaäp toác ñoä cuûa ñoäng cô döôùi daïng phaàn traêm cuûa toác ñoä toái ña (-200.0% tôùi 200.0%). Giaù trò aâm cuûa Speed_SP laøm ñoäng cô ñaûo chieàu quay. Bit Resp_R (Response Received) laø phaûn hoài töø bieán taàn. Moãi khi CPU nhaän phaûn hoài töø bieán taàn thì bit Resp_R ñöôïc set ON trong moät chu kyø queùt. Bit Error laø moät byte löu keát quaû cuûa laàn giao tieáp môùi nhaát vôùi bieán taàn. Ngoõ ra STATUS chöùa traïng thaùi cuûa bieán taàn. Ngoõ ra SPEED löu toác ñoä cuûa ñoäng cô döôùi daïng phaàn traêm cuûa toác ñoä ñònh möùc (-200.0% tôùi 200.0%). Ngoõ ra RUN_EN (DRIVE RUN Enable) chæ ra raèng bieán taàn ñang chaïy (1) hay ñaõ döøng(0). Ngoõ ra D_DIR chæ ra chieàu quay cuûa ñoäng cô. Ngoõ ra INHIBIT chæ ra traïng thaùi cuûa bit caám trong bieán taàn (0 - not inhibited, 1 - inhibited). Ñeå xoaù bit caám thì bit FAULT phaûi ñöôïc OFF vaø caùc bit vaøo RUN, OFF2, vaø OFF3 phaûi laø OFF. Ngoõ ra FAULT chæ ra traïng thaùi cuûa bit loãi (0 - no fault, 1 - fault). Boä bieán taàn seõ hieån thò maõ loãi. Ñeå xoaù bit FAULT thì phaûi khaéc phuïc loãi vaø set ON bit ACK.
RUN I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L, Power Flow BOOL OFF2 I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L, Power Flow BOOL OFF3 I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L, Power Flow BOOL F_ACK I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L, Power Flow BOOL DIR I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L, Power Flow BOOL DRIVE, TYPE
RUN_EN I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L BOOL D_DIR I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L BOOL INHIBIT I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L BOOL FAULT I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L BOOL
VALUE VW, IW, QW, MW, SW, SMW, LW, T, C, AIW, Constant, AC *VD, *AC, *LD
WORD
DB_PTR &VB DWORD DONE I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L BOOL ERROR VB, IB, QB, MB, SB, SMB, LB, AC, *VD, *AC,
*LD BYTE
5
Programming Concepts, Conventions, and Features Chapter 5
51
Using STEP 7–Micro/WIN to Create Your ProgramsTo open STEP 7–Micro/WIN, double-click on the STEP 7–Micro/WIN icon, or select the Start > SIMATIC >STEP 7 MicroWIN 3.2 menu command. As shown in Figure 5-1, the STEP 7–Micro/WIN project windowprovides a convenient working space for creating your control program.
The toolbars provide buttons for shortcuts to frequently used menu commands. You can view or hide anyof the toolbars.
The navigation bar presents groups of icons foraccessing different programming features ofSTEP 7–Micro/WIN.
The instruction tree displays all of the projectobjects and the instructions for creating yourcontrol program. You can drag and dropindividual instructions from the tree into yourprogram, or you can double-click an instruction toinsert it at the current location of the cursor in theprogram editor.
The program editor contains the program logicand a local variable table where you can assignsymbolic names for temporary local variables.Subroutines and interrupt routines appear astabs at the bottom of the program editor window.Click on the tabs to move between the
Instruction tree
Program Editor
Navigation bar
subroutines, interrupts, and the main program. Figure 5-1 STEP 7–Micro/WIN
STEP 7–Micro/WIN provides three editors for creating your program: Ladder Logic (LAD), Statement List(STL), and Function Block Diagram (FBD). With some restrictions, programs written in any of theseprogram editors can be viewed and edited with the other program editors.
Features of the STL EditorThe STL editor displays the program as a text-based language. The STL editor allows you to createcontrol programs by entering the instruction mnemonics. The STL editor also allows you to createprograms that you could not otherwise create with the LAD or FBD editors. This is because you areprogramming in the native language of the S7-200, rather than in a graphical editor where somerestrictions must be applied in order to draw the diagrams correctly. As shown in Figure 5-2, thistext-based concept is very similar to assembly language programming.
The S7-200 executes each instruction in theorder dictated by the program, from top tobottom, and then restarts at the top.
STL uses a logic stack to resolve the controllogic. You insert the STL instructions for handling
LD I0.0 //Read one input A I0.1 //AND with another input = Q1.0 //Write value to output 1
the stack operations. Figure 5-2 Sample STL Program
Consider these main points when you select the STL editor:
STL is most appropriate for experienced programmers.
STL sometimes allows you to solve problems that you cannot solve very easily with the LAD or FBDeditor.
You can only use the STL editor with the SIMATIC instruction set.
While you can always use the STL editor to view or edit a program that was created with the LAD orFBD editors, the reverse is not always true. You cannot always use the LAD or FBD editors todisplay a program that was written with the STL editor.
ProgramEditor
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S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual
52
Features of the LAD EditorThe LAD editor displays the program as a graphical representation similar to electrical wiring diagrams.Ladder programs allow the program to emulate the flow of electric current from a power source through aseries of logical input conditions that in turn enable logical output conditions. A LAD program includes aleft power rail that is energized. Contacts that are closed allow energy to flow through them to the nextelement, and contacts that are open block that energy flow.
The logic is separated into networks. Theprogram is executed one network at a time, fromleft to right and then top to bottom as dictated bythe program. Figure 5-3 shows an example of aLAD program. The various instructions arerepresented by graphic symbols and includethree basic forms.
Contacts represent logic input conditions such asswitches, buttons, or internal conditions.
Coils usually represent logic output results suchas lamps, motor starters, interposing relays, orinternal output conditions.
Boxes represent additional instructions, such asBoxes represent additional instructions, such astimers, counters, or math instructions. Figure 5-3 Sample LAD Program
Consider these main points when you select the LAD editor:
Ladder logic is easy for beginning programmers to use.
Graphical representation is easy to understand and is popular around the world.
The LAD editor can be used with both the SIMATIC and IEC 1131–3 instruction sets.
You can always use the STL editor to display a program created with the SIMATIC LAD editor.
Features of the FBD EditorThe FBD editor displays the program as a graphical representation that resembles common logic gatediagrams. There are no contacts and coils as found in the LAD editor, but there are equivalent instructionsthat appear as box instructions.
Figure 5-4 shows an example of an FBDprogram.
FBD does not use the concept of left and rightpower rails; therefore, the term “power flow” isused to express the analogous concept of controlflow through the FBD logic blocks. Figure 5-4 Sample FBD Program
The logic “1” path through FBD elements is called power flow. The origin of a power flow input and thedestination of a power flow output can be assigned directly to an operand.
The program logic is derived from the connections between these box instructions. That is, the output fromone instruction (such as an AND box) can be used to enable another instruction (such as a timer) tocreate the necessary control logic. This connection concept allows you to solve a wide variety of logicproblems.
Consider these main points when you select the FBD editor:
The graphical logic gate style of representation is good for following program flow.
The FBD editor can be used with both the SIMATIC and IEC 1131–3 instruction sets.
You can always use the STL editor to display a program created with the SIMATIC FBD editor.
4
S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual
24
Accessing the Data of the S7-200The S7-200 stores information in different memory locations that have unique addresses. You canexplicitly identify the memory address that you want to access. This allows your program to have directaccess to the information. Table 4-1 shows the range of integer values that can be represented by thedifferent sizes of data.
Table 4-1 Decimal and Hexadecimal Ranges for the Different Sizes of Data
Representation Byte (B) Word (W) Double Word (D)
Unsigned Integer 0 to 255
0 to FF
0 to 65,535
0 to FFFF
0 to 4,294,967,295
0 to FFFF FFFF
Signed Integer –128 to +127
80 to 7F
–32,768 to +32,767
8000 to 7FFF
–2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647
8000 0000 to 7FFF FFFF
Real IEEE 32-bit Floating Point
Not applicable Not applicable +1.175495E–38 to +3.402823E+38 (positive)
–1.175495E–38 to –3.402823E+38 (negative)
To access a bit in a memory area, you specify the address, which includes the memory area identifier, thebyte address, and the bit number. Figure 4-3 shows an example of accessing a bit (which is also called“byte.bit” addressing). In this example, the memory area and byte address (I = input, and 3 = byte 3) arefollowed by a period (“.”) to separate the bit address (bit 4).
I 3 4
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte 0
Byte 1Byte 2
Byte 3Byte 4
Byte 5
.
Memory area identifier
Byte address: byte 3 (thefourth byte)
Period separates thebyte address from the bitnumber
Bit of byte, or bit number:bit 4 of 8 (0 to 7)
Process-image Input (I) Memory Area
Figure 4-3 Byte.Bit Addressing
You can access data in most memory areas (V, I, Q, M, S, L, and SM) as bytes, words, or double words byusing the byte-address format. To access a byte, word, or double word of data in the memory, you mustspecify the address in a way similar to specifying the address for a bit. This includes an area identifier,data size designation, and the starting byte address of the byte, word, or double-word value, as shown inFigure 4-4.
Data in other memory areas (such as T, C, HC, and the accumulators) are accessed by using an addressformat that includes an area identifier and a device number.
4
PLC Concepts Chapter 4
25
V B 100
VB100MSB LSB
VW100 15 8MSB
7 0LSB
VD100
Most significant byte Least significant byte
31 8 7 016 1524 23
Most significant byte Least significant byte
MSB = most significant bitLSB = least significant bit
VB100
VB100 VB101
VB100 VB103VB101 VB102
MSB LSB
7 0
Byte addressAccess to a byte sizeArea identifier
V W 100Byte addressAccess to a word sizeArea identifier
V D 100Byte addressAccess to a double word sizeArea identifier
Figure 4-4 Comparing Byte, Word, and Double-Word Access to the Same Address
Accessing Data in the Memory Areas
Process-Image Input Register: IThe S7-200 samples the physical input points at the beginning of each scan cycle and writes these valuesto the process-image input register. You can access the process-image input register in bits, bytes, words,or double words:
Bit: I[byte address].[bit address] I0.1Byte, Word, or Double Word: I[size][starting byte address] IB4
Process-Image Output Register: QAt the end of the scan cycle, the S7-200 copies the values stored in the process-image output register tothe physical output points. You can access the process-image output register in bits, bytes, words, ordouble words:
Bit: Q[byte address].[bit address] Q1.1Byte, Word, or Double Word: Q[size][starting byte address] QB5
Variable Memory Area: VYou can use V memory to store intermediate results of operations being performed by the control logic inyour program. You can also use V memory to store other data pertaining to your process or task. You canaccess the V memory area in bits, bytes, words, or double words:
Bit: V[byte address].[bit address] V10.2Byte, Word, or Double Word: V[size][starting byte address] VW100
Bit Memory Area: MYou can use the bit memory area (M memory) as control relays to store the intermediate status of anoperation or other control information. You can access the bit memory area in bits, bytes, words, or doublewords:
Bit: M[byte address].[bit address] M26.7Byte, Word, or Double Word: M[size][starting byte address] MD20
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S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual
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Timer Memory Area: TThe S7-200 provides timers that count increments of time in resolutions (time-base increments) of 1 ms,10 ms, or 100 ms. Two variables are associated with a timer:
Current value: this 16-bit signed integer stores the amount of time counted by the timer.
Timer bit: this bit is set or cleared as a result of comparing the current and the preset value. Thepreset value is entered as part of the timer instruction.
You access both of these variables by using the timer address (T + timer number). Access to either thetimer bit or the current value is dependent on the instruction used: instructions with bit operands accessthe timer bit, while instructions with word operands access the current value. As shown in Figure 4-5, theNormally Open Contact instruction accesses the timer bit, while the Move Word instruction accesses thecurrent value of the timer.
Format: T[timer number] T24
Current Value
T0T1T2T3
I2.1 MOV_W
EN
OUT VW200INT3
T3Timer Bits
T0
T3
T1T2
0 (LSB)15 (MSB)
Accesses the current value Accesses the timer bit
Figure 4-5 Accessing the Timer Bit or the Current Value of a Timer
Counter Memory Area: CThe S7-200 provides three types of counters that count each low-to-high transition event on the counterinput(s): one type counts up only, one type counts down only, and one type counts both up and down. Twovariables are associated with a counter:
Current value: this 16-bit signed integer stores the accumulated count.
Counter bit: this bit is set or cleared as a result of comparing the current and the preset value. Thepreset value is entered as part of the counter instruction.
You access both of these variables by using the counter address (C + counter number). Access to eitherthe counter bit or the current value is dependent on the instruction used: instructions with bit operandsaccess the counter bit, while instructions with word operands access the current value. As shown inFigure 4-6, the Normally Open Contact instruction accesses the counter bit, while the Move Wordinstruction accesses the current value of the counter.
Format: C[counter number] C24
Current Value
C0C1C2C3
I2.1 MOV_W
EN
OUT VW200INC3
C3Counter Bits
C0
C3
C1C2
0 (LSB)15 (MSB)
Accesses the current value Accesses the counter bit
Figure 4-6 Accessing the Counter Bit or the Current Value of a Counter
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High-Speed Counters: HCThe high-speed counters count high-speed events independent of the CPU scan. High-speed countershave a signed, 32-bit integer counting value (or current value). To access the count value for thehigh-speed counter, you specify the address of the high-speed counter, using the memory type (HC) andthe counter number (such as HC0). The current value of the high-speed counter is a read-only value andcan be addressed only as a double word (32 bits).
Format: HC[high–speed counter number] HC1
Accumulators: ACThe accumulators are read/write devices that can be used like memory. For example, you can useaccumulators to pass parameters to and from subroutines and to store intermediate values used in acalculation. The S7-200 provides four 32-bit accumulators (AC0, AC1, AC2, and AC3). You can accessthe data in the accumulators as bytes, words, or double words.
The size of the data being accessed is determined by the instruction that is used to access theaccumulator. As shown in Figure 4-7, you use the least significant 8 or 16 bits of the value that is stored inthe accumulator to access the accumulator as bytes or words. To access the accumulator as a doubleword, you use all 32 bits.
For information about how to use the accumulators within interrupt subroutines, refer to the InterruptInstructions in Chapter 6.
Format: AC[accumulator number] AC0
MSB7 0
LSB
15 0LSB
31MSB
0LSB
AC2 (accessed as a byte)
AC1 (accessed as a word) MSB78
7815162324
Least significant
Least significantMost significant
Byte 0Byte 1
Byte 0Byte 1Byte 2Byte 3
Most significant
AC3 (accessed as a double word)
Figure 4-7 Accessing the Accumulators
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Special Memory: SMThe SM bits provide a means for communicating information between the CPU and your program. Youcan use these bits to select and control some of the special functions of the S7-200 CPU, such as: a bitthat turns on for the first scan cycle, a bit that toggles at a fixed rate, or a bit that shows the status of mathor operational instructions. (For more information about the SM bits, see Appendix D.) You can access theSM bits as bits, bytes, words, or double words:
Bit: SM[byte address].[bit address] SM0.1Byte, Word, or Double Word: SM[size][starting byte address] SMB86
Local Memory Area: LThe S7-200 provides 64 bytes of local memory of which 60 can be used as scratchpad memory or forpassing formal parameters to subroutines.
TipIf you are programming in either LAD or FBD, STEP 7–Micro/WIN reserves the last four bytes of localmemory for its own use. If you program in STL, all 64 bytes of L memory are accessible, but it isrecommended that you do not use the last four bytes of L memory.
Local memory is similar to V memory with one major exception. V memory has a global scope while Lmemory has a local scope. The term global scope means that the same memory location can beaccessed from any program entity (main program, subroutines, or interrupt routines). The term local scopemeans that the memory allocation is associated with a particular program entity. The S7-200 allocates64 bytes of L memory for the main program, 64 bytes for each subroutine nesting level, and 64 bytes forinterrupt routines.
The allocation of L memory for the main program cannot be accessed from subroutines or from interruptroutines. A subroutine cannot access the L memory allocation of the main program, an interrupt routine, oranother subroutine. Likewise, an interrupt routine cannot access the L memory allocation of the mainprogram or of a subroutine.
The allocation of L memory is made by the S7-200 on an as-needed basis. This means that while themain portion of the program is being executed, the L memory allocations for subroutines and interruptroutines do not exist. At the time that an interrupt occurs or a subroutine is called, local memory isallocated as required. The new allocation of L memory might reuse the same L memory locations of adifferent subroutine or interrupt routine.
The L memory is not initialized by the S7-200 at the time of allocation and might contain any value. Whenyou pass formal parameters in a subroutine call, the values of the parameters being passed are placed bythe S7-200 in the appropriate L memory locations of the called subroutine. L memory locations, which donot receive a value as a result of the formal parameter passing step, will not be initialized and mightcontain any value at the time of allocation.
Bit: L[byte address].[bit address] L0.0Byte, Word, or Double Word: L[size] [starting byte address] LB33
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Analog Inputs: AIThe S7-200 converts an analog value (such as temperature or voltage) into a word-length (16-bit) digitalvalue. You access these values by the area identifier (AI), size of the data (W), and the starting byteaddress. Since analog inputs are words and always start on even-number bytes (such as 0, 2, or 4), youaccess them with even-number byte addresses (such as AIW0, AIW2, or AIW4). Analog input values areread-only values.
Format: AIW[starting byte address] AIW4
Analog Outputs: AQThe S7-200 converts a word-length (16-bit) digital value into a current or voltage, proportional to the digitalvalue (such as for a current or voltage). You write these values by the area identifier (AQ), size of the data(W), and the starting byte address. Since analog outputs are words and always start on even-numberbytes (such as 0, 2, or 4), you write them with even-number byte addresses (such as AQW0, AQW2, orAQW4). Analog output values are write-only values.
Format: AQW[starting byte address] AQW4
Sequence Control Relay (SCR) Memory Area: SSCRs or S bits are used to organize machine operations or steps into equivalent program segments.SCRs allow logical segmentation of the control program. You can access the S bits as bits, bytes, words,or double words.
Bit: S[byte address].[bit address] S3.1Byte, Word, or Double Word: S[size][starting byte address] SB4
Format for Real NumbersReal (or floating-point) numbers are represented as 32-bit, single-precision numbers, whose format isdescribed in the ANSI/IEEE 754–1985 standard. See Figure 4-8. Real numbers are accessed indouble-word lengths.
For the S7-200, floating point numbers areaccurate up to 6 decimal places. Therefore, youcan specify a maximum of 6 decimal placeswhen entering a floating-point constant.
31 0LSBMSB
2223
MantissaExponent
30
S
Sign
Figure 4-8 Format of a Real Number
Accuracy when Calculating Real NumbersCalculations that involve a long series of values including very large and very small numbers can produceinaccurate results. This can occur if the numbers differ by 10 to the power of x, where x > 6.
For example: 100 000 000 + 1 = 100 000 000
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Format for StringsA string is a sequence of characters, with each character being stored as a byte. The first byte of the stringdefines the length of the string, which is the number of characters. Figure 4-9 shows the format for astring. A string can have a length of 0 to 254 characters, plus the length byte, so the maximum length for astring is 255 bytes.
Character 1
Byte 3Byte 2Byte 1Byte 0
Length Character 2 Character 3
Byte 4
Character 4
Byte 254
Character 254...
Figure 4-9 Format for Strings
Specifying a Constant Value for S7-200 InstructionsYou can use a constant value in many of the S7-200 instructions. Constants can be bytes, words, ordouble words. The S7-200 stores all constants as binary numbers, which can then be represented indecimal, hexadecimal, ASCII, or real number (floating point) formats. See Table 4-2.
Table 4-2 Representation of Constant Values
Representation Format Sample
Decimal [decimal value] 20047
Hexadecimal 16#[hexadecimal value] 16#4E4F
Binary 2#[binary number] 2#1010_0101_1010_0101
ASCII ’[ASCII text]’ ’Text goes between single quotes.’
Real ANSI/IEEE 754–1985 +1.175495E–38 (positive) –1.175495E–38 (negative)
TipThe S7-200 CPU does not support “data typing” or data checking (such as specifying that the constantis stored as an integer, a signed integer, or a double integer). For example, an Add instruction can usethe value in VW100 as a signed integer value, while an Exclusive Or instruction can use the same valuein VW100 as an unsigned binary value.
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Bit Logic Instructions
Contacts
Standard ContactsThe Normally Open contact instructions (LD, A, and O) andNormally Closed contact instructions (LDN, AN, ON) obtain thereferenced value from the memory or from the process-imageregister. The standard contact instructions obtain the referencedvalue from the memory (or process-image register if the data type isI or Q).
The Normally Open contact is closed (on) when the bit is equal to 1,and the Normally Closed contact is closed (on) when the bit is equalto 0. In FBD, inputs to both the And and Or boxes can be expandedto a maximum of 32 inputs. In STL, the Normally Open instructionsLoad, AND, or OR the bit value of the address bit to the top of thestack, and the Normally Closed instructions Load, AND, or OR thelogical NOT of the bit value to the top of the stack.
Immediate ContactsAn immediate contact does not rely on the S7-200 scan cycle toupdate; it updates immediately. The Normally Open Immediatecontact instructions (LDI, AI, and OI) and Normally ClosedImmediate contact instructions (LDNI, ANI, and ONI) obtain thephysical input value when the instruction is executed, but theprocess-image register is not updated.
The Normally Open Immediate contact is closed (on) when thephysical input point (bit) is 1, and the Normally Closed Immediatecontact is closed (on) when the physical input point (bit) is 0. TheNormally Open instructions immediately Load, AND, or OR thephysical input value to the top of the stack, and the Normally Closedinstructions immediately Load, AND, or OR the logical NOT of thevalue of the physical input point to the top of the stack.
NOT InstructionThe Not instruction (NOT) changes the state of power flow input(that is, it changes the value on the top of the stack from 0 to 1 orfrom 1 to 0).
Positive and Negative Transition InstructionsThe Positive Transition contact instruction (EU) allows power to flow for one scan for each off-to-ontransition. The Negative Transition contact instruction (ED) allows power to flow for one scan for eachon-to-off transition. For the Positive Transition instruction, detection of a 0-to-1 transition in the value onthe top of the stack sets the top of the stack value to 1; otherwise, it is set to 0. For a Negative Transitioninstruction, detection of a 1-to-0 transition in the value on the top of the stack sets the top of the stackvalue to 1; otherwise, it is set to 0.
For run-time editing (when you edit your program in RUN mode), you must enter a parameter for thePositive Transition and Negative Transition instructions. Refer to Chapter 5 for more information aboutediting in RUN mode.
Table 6-3 Valid Operands for the Bit Logic Input Instructions
Inputs/Outputs Data Type Operands
Bit BOOL I, Q, V, M, SM, S, T, C, L, Power Flow
Bit (immediate) BOOL I
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TipBecause the Positive Transition and Negative Transition instructions require an on-to-off or an off-to-ontransition, you cannot detect an edge-up or edge-down transition on the first scan. During the first scan,the S7-200 sets the state of the bit specified by these instructions. On subsequent scans, theseinstructions can then detect transitions for the specified bit.
Example: Contact Instructions
Network 1 //N.O. contacts I0.0 AND I0.1 must be on (closed) to activate //Q0.0. The NOT instruction acts as an inverter. //In RUN mode, Q0.0 and Q0.1 have opposite logic states.
LD I0.0A I0.1= Q0.0NOT = Q0.1
Network 2 //N.O. contact I0.2 must be on or N.C. contact I0.3 must be off //to activate Q0.2. One or more parallel LAD branches //(OR logic inputs) must be true to make the output active.
LD I0.2ON I0.3= Q0.2
Network 3 //A positive Edge Up input on a P contact or a negative Edge //Down input on a N contact outputs a pulse with a 1 scan cycle //duration. In RUN mode, the pulsed state changes of Q0.4 and //Q0.5 are too fast to be visible in program status view. //The Set and Reset outputs latch the pulse in Q0.3 and //make the state change visible in program status view.
LD I0.4LPS EU S Q0.3, 1= Q0.4LPPEDR Q0.3, 1= Q0.5
Timing Diagram
Network 2
Network 3
Network 1
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Coils
OutputThe Output instruction (=) writes the new value for the output bit tothe process-image register. When the Output instruction isexecuted, the S7-200 turns the output bit in the process-imageregister on or off. For LAD and FBD, the specified bit is set equal topower flow. For STL, the value on the top of the stack is copied tothe specified bit.
Output ImmediateThe Output Immediate instruction (=I) writes the new value to boththe physical output and the corresponding process-image registerlocation when the instruction is executed.
When the Output Immediate instruction is executed, the physicaloutput point (Bit) is immediately set equal to power flow. For STL,the instruction immediately copies the value on the top of the stackto the specified physical output bit (STL). The “I” indicates animmediate reference; the new value is written to both the physicaloutput and the corresponding process-image register location whenthe instruction is executed. This differs from the non-immediatereferences, which write the new value to the process-image registeronly.
Set and ResetThe Set (S) and Reset (R) instructions set (turn on) or reset (turn off)the specified number of points (N), starting at the specified address(Bit). You can set or reset from 1 to 255 points.
If the Reset instruction specifies either a timer bit (T) or counter bit(C), the instruction resets the timer or counter bit and clears thecurrent value of the timer or counter.
Error conditions that set ENO = 0
0006 (indirect address)
0091 (operand out of range)
Set Immediate and Reset ImmediateThe Set Immediate and Reset Immediate instructions immediately set (turn on) or immediately reset (turnoff) the number of points (N), starting at specified address (Bit). You can set or reset from 1 to 128 pointsimmediately.
The “I” indicates an immediate reference; when the instruction is executed, the new value is written toboth the physical output point and the corresponding process-image register location. This differs fromthe non-immediate references, which write the new value to the process-image register only.
Error conditions that set ENO = 0
0006 (indirect address)
0091 (operand out of range)
Table 6-4 Valid Operands for the Bit Logic Output Instructions
Network 2 //Set a sequential group of 6 bits to a value of 1. //Specify a starting bit address and how many bits to set. //The program status indicator for Set is ON when the value //of the first bit (Q0.2) is 1.
LD I0.1S Q0.2, 6
Network 3 //Reset a sequential group of 6 bits to a value of 0. //Specify a starting bit address and how many bits to reset.//The program status indicator for Reset is ON when the value //of the first bit (Q0.2) is 0.
LD I0.2R Q0.2, 6
Network 4 //Sets and resets 8 output bits (Q1.0 to Q1.7) as a group.
LD I0.3LPS A I0.4S Q1.0, 8LPPA I0.5R Q1.0, 8
Network 5 //The Set and Reset instructions perform the function of a latched relay. //To isolate the Set/Reset bits, make sure they are not overwritten by //another assignment instruction. In this example, Network 4 sets and //resets eight output bits (Q1.0 to Q1.7) as a group. //In RUN mode, Network 5 can overwrite the Q1.0 bit value and //control the Set/Reset program status indicators in Network 4.
LD I0.6= Q1.0
Timing Diagram
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Set and Reset Dominant Bistable InstructionsThe Set Dominant Bistable is a latch where the set dominates. If theset (S1) and reset (R) signals are both true, the output (OUT) is true.
The Reset Dominant Bistable is a latch where the reset dominates.If the set (S) and reset (R1) signals are both true, the output (OUT)is false.
The Bit parameter specifies the Boolean parameter that is set orreset. The optional output reflects the signal state of the Bitparameter.
Table 6-7 shows the truth tables for the sample program.
Table 6-6 Valid Operands for the Set Dominant Bistable and Reset Dominant Bistable Instructions
Inputs/Outputs Data Types Operands
S1, R BOOL I, Q, V, M, SM, S, T, C, Power Flow
S, R1, OUT BOOL I, Q, V, M, SM, S, T, C, L, Power Flow
Bit BOOL I, Q, V, M, S
Example: Set and Reset Dominant Bistable Instructions
Set I0.0
Reset I0.1
SR Q0.0
RS Q0.1
Timing Diagram
Table 6-7 Truth Table for the Set and Reset Dominant Bistable Instructions
Instruction S1 R Out (Bit)
Set Dominant Bistable instruction (SR) 0 0 Previous state
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 1
Instruction S R1 Out (Bit)
Reset Dominant Bistable instruction (RS) 0 0 Previous state
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
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Counter Instructions
SIMATIC Counter InstructionsCount Up Counter The Count Up instruction (CTU) counts up from the current valueeach time the count up (CU) input makes the transition from off toon. When the current value Cxx is greater than or equal to thepreset value PV, the counter bit Cxx turns on. The counter is resetwhen the Reset (R) input turns on, or when the Reset instruction isexecuted. The counter stops counting when it reaches themaximum value (32,767).
STL operation :
Reset input: Top of stack
Count Up input: Value loaded in the second stack location
Count Down Counter The Count Down instruction (CTD) counts down from the currentvalue of that counter each time the count down (CD) input makesthe transition from off to on. When the current value Cxx is equal to0, the counter bit Cxx turns on. The counter resets the counter bitCxx and loads the current value with the preset value PV when theload input LD turns on. The counter stops upon reaching zero, andthe counter bit Cxx turns on.
STL operation:
Load input: Top of stack
Count Down input: Value loaded in the second stack location.
Count Up/Down Counter The Count Up/Down instruction (CTUD) counts up each time the count up (CU) input makes thetransition from off to on, and counts down each time the count down (CD) input makes the transition fromoff to on. The current value Cxx of the counter maintains the current count. The preset value PV iscompared to the current value each time the counter instruction is executed.
Upon reaching maximum value (32,767), the next rising edge at the count up input causes the currentcount to wrap around to the minimum value (–32,768). On reaching the minimum value (–32,768), thenext rising edge at the count down input causes the current count to wrap around to the maximum value(32,767).
When the current value Cxx is greater than or equal to the preset value PV, the counter bit Cxx turns on.Otherwise, the counter bit turns off. The counter is reset when the Reset (R) input turns on, or when theReset instruction is executed. The CTUD counter stops counting when it reaches PV.
STL operation:
Reset input: Top of stack
Count Down input: Value loaded in the second stack location
Count Up input: Value loaded in the third stack location
Table 6-21 Valid Operands for the SIMATIC Counter Instructions
Inputs/Outputs Data Types Operands
Cxx WORD Constant (C0 to C255)
CU, CD, LD, R BOOL I, Q, V, M, SM, S, T, C, L, Power Flow
TipSince there is one current value for each counter, do not assign the same number to more than onecounter. (Up Counters, Up/Down Counters, and Down counters with the same number access the samecurrent value.)
When you reset a counter using the Reset instruction, the counter bit is reset and the counter currentvalue is set to zero. Use the counter number to reference both the current value and the counter bit ofthat counter.
Table 6-22 Operations of the Counter Instructions
Type Operation Counter Bit Power Cycle/First Scan
CTU CU increments the current value.
Current value continues to incrementuntil it reaches 32,767.
The counter bit turns on when:
Current value >= Preset
Counter bit is off.
Current value can be retained.1
CTUD CU increments the current value. CD decrements the current value.
Current value continues to increment ordecrement until the counter is reset.
The counter bit turns on when:
Current value >= Preset
Counter bit is off.
Current value can be retained.1
CTD CD decrements the current value untilthe current value reaches 0.
The counter bit turns on when:
Current value = 0
Counter bit is off.
Current value can be retained.1
1 You can select that the current value for the counter be retentive. See Chapter 4 for information about memory retentionfor the S7-200 CPU.
Example: SIMATIC Count Down Counter Instruction
Network 1 //Count down counter C1 current value counts from 3 to 0 //with I0.1 off, //I0.0 Off–on decrements C1 current value //I0.1 On loads countdown preset value 3
LD I0.0 LD I0.1 CTD C1, +3
Network 2 //C1 bit is on when counter C1 current value = 0
Network 1 //I0.0 counts up //I0.1 counts down //I0.2 resets current value to 0
LD I0.0 LD I0.1 LD I0.2 CTUD C48, +4
Network 2 //Count Up/Down counter C48 turns on C48 bit //when current value >= 4
LD C48 = Q0.0
Timing Diagram
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Timer Instructions
SIMATIC Timer InstructionsOn-Delay Timer Retentive On-Delay TimerThe On-Delay Timer (TON) and Retentive On-Delay Timer (TONR)instructions count time when the enabling input is on. The timernumber (Txx) determines the resolution of the timer.
Off-Delay TimerThe Off-Delay Timer (TOF) is used to delay turning an output off fora fixed period of time after the input turns off. The timer number(Txx) determines the resolution of the timer.
Table 6-69 Valid Operands for the SIMATIC Timer Instructions
TipYou cannot share the same timer number (Txx) for an off-delay timer (TOF) and an on-delay timer(TON). For example, you cannot have both a TON T32 and a TOF T32.
As shown in Table 6-70, the three types of timers perform different types of timing tasks:
You can use a TON for timing a single interval.
You can use a TONR for accumulating a number of timed intervals.
You can use a TOF for extending time past an off (or false) condition, such as for cooling a motorafter it is turned off.
Table 6-70 Operations of the Timer Instructions
Type Current >= Preset State of the Enabling Input (IN) Power Cycle/First Scan
TON Timer bit on Current continues countingto 32,767
ON: Current value counts time
OFF: Timer bit off, current value = 0
Timer bit off
Current value = 0
TONR Timer bit on Current continues countingto 32,767
ON: Current value counts time
OFF: Timer bit and current value maintain laststate
Timer bit off
Current value can bemaintained1
TOF Timer bit off Current = Preset, stopscounting
ON: Timer bit on, current value = 0
OFF: Timer counts after on-to-off transition
Timer bit off
Current value = 0
1 The retentive timer current value can be selected for retention through a power cycle. See Chapter 4 for information aboutmemory retention for the S7-200 CPU.
Refer to the Tips and Tricks on the documentation CD for a sample program that uses the on-delay timer(TON). See Tip 31
Tips and Tricks
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The TON and TONR instructions count time when the enabling input is on. When the current value isequal to or greater than the preset time, the timer bit is on.
The current value of a TON timer is cleared when the enabling input is off, whereas the currentvalue of the TONR timer is maintained when the input is off.
You can use the TONR timer to accumulate time when the input turns on and off. Use the Resetinstruction (R) to clear the current value of the TONR.
Both the TON and the TONR timers continue counting after the preset is reached, and they stopcounting at the maximum value of 32,767.
The TOF instruction is used to delay turning an output off for a fixed period of time after the input turns off.When the enabling input turns on, the timer bit turns on immediately, and the current value is set to 0.When the input turns off, the timer counts until the elapsed time reaches the preset time.
When the preset is reached, the timer bit turns off and the current value stops incrementing;however, if the input turns on again before the TOF reaches the preset value, the timer bit remainson.
The enabling input must make an on-to-off transition for the TOF to begin counting time intervals.
If the TOF timer is inside an SCR region and the SCR region is inactive, then the current value is setto 0, the timer bit is turned off, and the current value does not increment.
TipYou can reset a TONR only by using the Reset (R) instruction. You can also use the Reset instruction toreset any TON or TOF. The Reset instruction performs the following operations:
Timer Bit = off
Timer Current = 0
After a reset, TOF timers require the enabling input to make the transition from on to off in order for thetimer to restart.
Determining the Resolution of the TimerTimers count time intervals. The resolution (or time base) of the timer determines the amount of time ineach interval. For example, a TON with a resolution of 10 ms counts the number of 10-ms intervals thatelapse after the TON is enabled: a count of 50 on a 10-ms timer represents 500 ms. The SIMATIC timersare available in three resolutions: 1 ms, 10 ms, and 100 ms. As shown in Table 6-71, the timer numberdetermines the resolution of the timer.
TipTo guarantee a minimum time interval, increase the preset value (PV) by 1. For example: To ensure aminimum timed interval of at least 2100 ms for a 100-ms timer, set the PV to 22.
Table 6-71 Timer Numbers and Resolutions
Timer Type Resolution Maximum Value Timer Number
TONR 1 ms 32.767 s (0.546 min.) T0, T64(retentive)
10 ms 327.67 s (5.46 min.) T1 to T4, T65 to T68
100 ms 3276.7 s (54.6 min.) T5 to T31, T69 to T95
TON, TOF 1 ms 32.767 s (0.546 min.) T32, T96(non-retentive)
10 ms 327.67 s (5.46 min.) T33 to T36, T97 to T100
100 ms 3276.7 s (54.6 min.) T37 to T63, T101 to T255
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Understanding How Resolution Affects the Timer ActionFor a timer with a resolution of 1 ms, the timer bit and the current value are updated asynchronous to thescan cycle. For scans greater than 1 ms, the timer bit and the current value are updated multiple timesthroughout the scan.
For a timer with a resolution of 10 ms, the timer bit and the current value are updated at the beginning ofeach scan cycle. The timer bit and current value remain constant throughout the scan, and the timeintervals that accumulate during the scan are added to the current value at the start of each scan.
For a timer with a resolution of 100 ms, the timer bit and current value are updated when the instruction isexecuted; therefore, ensure that your program executes the instruction for a 100-ms timer only once perscan cycle in order for the timer to maintain the correct timing.
Example: SIMATIC On-Delay Timer
Network 1 //100 ms timer T37 times out after (10 x 100 ms = 1s) //I0.0 ON=T37 enabled, I0.0 OFF=disable and reset T37
LD I0.0TON T37, +10
Network 2 //T37 bit is controlled by timer T37
LD T37= Q0.0
Timing Diagram
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TipTo guarantee that the output of a self-resetting timer is turned on for one scan each time the timerreaches the preset value, use a normally closed contact instead of the timer bit as the enabling input tothe timer.
Example: SIMATIC Self-Resetting On-Delay Timer
Network 1 //10 ms timer T33 times out after (100 x 10 ms = 1s) //M0.0 pulse is too fast to monitor with Status view
LDN M0.0TON T33, +100
Network 2 //Comparison becomes true at a rate that is visible //with Status view. Turn on Q0.0 after (40 x 10 ms) //for a 40% OFF/60% ON waveform
LDW>= T33, +40= Q0.0
Network 3 //T33 (bit) pulse too fast to monitor with Status view //Reset the timer through M0.0 after the (100 x 10 ms) period
LD T33= M0.0
Timing Diagram
Example: SIMATIC Off-Delay Timer
Network 1 //10-ms timer T33 times out after (100 x 10 ms = 1s) //I0.0 ON–to–OFF=T33 enabled //I0.0 OFF–to–ON=disable and reset T33
LD I0.0 TOF T33, +100
Network 2 //Timer T33 controls Q0.0 through timer contact T33
LD T33 = Q0.0
Timing Diagram
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Example: SIMATIC Retentive On-Delay Timer
Network 1 //10 ms TONR timer T1 times out at PT=(100 x 10 ms=1s)
LD I0.0TONR T1, +100
Network 2 //T1 bit is controlled by timer T1. //Turns Q0.0 on after the timer accumulates a total //of 1 second
LD T1= Q0.0
Network 3 //TONR timers must be reset by a Reset instruction //with a T address. //Resets timer T1 (current and bit) when I0.1 is on.
LD I0.1R T1, 1
Timing Diagram
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Move Instructions
Move Byte, Word, Double Word, or RealThe Move Byte (MOVB), Move Word (MOVW), Move Double Word(MOVD), and Move Real (MOVR) instructions move a value from amemory location IN to a new memory location OUT withoutchanging the original value.
Use the Move Double Word instruction to create a pointer. For moreinformation, refer to the section on pointers and indirect addressingin Chapter 4.
For the IEC Move instruction, the input and output data types canvary, but must be of the same size.
Error conditions that set ENO = 0
0006 (indirect address)
Table 6-51 Valid Operands for the Move Instructions
Move Byte Immediate (Read and Write)The Move Byte Immediate instructions allow you to immediatelymove a byte between the physical I/O and a memory location.
The Move Byte Immediate Read (BIR) instruction reads physicalinput (IN) and writes the result to the memory address (OUT), butthe process-image register is not updated.
The Move Byte Immediate Write instruction (BIW) reads the datafrom the memory address (IN) and writes to physical output (OUT),and the corresponding process image location.
Error conditions that set ENO = 0
0006 (indirect address)
Unable to access expansion module
Table 6-52 Valid Operands for the Move Byte Immediate Read Instruction
Block Move Instructions Block Move Byte, Word, or Double WordThe Block Move Byte (BMB), Block Move Word (BMW), and BlockMove Double Word (BMD) instructions move a specified amount ofdata to a new memory location by moving the number of bytes,words, or double words N starting at the input address IN to a newblock starting at the output address OUT.
N has a range of 1 to 255.
Error conditions that set ENO = 0
0006 (indirect address)
0091 (operand out of range)
Table 6-54 Valid Operands for the Block Move Instructions
Parameters can be changed and set using the keypad on the front panel (see Figure 4.1.1) to adjust thedesired properties of the inverter, such as ramp times, minimum and maximum frequencies, etc. Theparameter numbers selected and the setting of the parameter values are indicated on the four digit LED display.
Note: If the ∆ or ∇ button is pressed momentarily, the values change step by step. If the button is pressed fora longer time, the values scroll through rapidly.
Access to parameters is determined by the value set in P009. Make sure that the key parameters necessary forthe application have been programmed.
Note: In the following parameter table:
‘•’ Indicates parameters that can be changed during operation.‘¶¶¶’ Indicates that the value of this factory setting depends on the rating of the inverter.
Increased Parameter Resolution
To increase the resolution to 0.01 when changing frequency parameters, instead of pressing P momentarily toreturn to the parameter display, keep the button pressed until the display changes to ‘- -.n0’ (n = the currenttenths value, e.g. if the parameter value = ‘055.8’ then n = 8). Press ∆ or ∇ to change the value (all valuesbetween .00 and .99 are valid) and then press P twice to return to the parameter display.
Resetting to Factory Defaults
If parameters are changed accidentally, all parameters can be reset to their default values by setting parameterP944 to 1 and then pressing P.
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
P000 Operating display - This displays the output selected in P001.
In the event of a failure, the relevant fault code (Fnnn) is displayed(see section 7) or the display flashes in the event of a warning (seeP931) or If output frequency has been selected (P001 = 0) and theinverter is in stand-by mode, the display alternates between thesetpoint frequency and the actual output frequency which is zero Hz.
P001 • Display mode 0 - 9[0]
Display selection:0 = Output frequency (Hz)1 = Frequency setpoint (i.e. speed at which inverter is set to run)
(Hz)2 = Motor current (A)3 = DC-link voltage (V)4 = Motor torque (% nominal)5 = Motor speed (rpm)6 = USS serial bus status (see section 9.2)7 = PID Feedback signal (%)8 = Output voltage (V)9 = Instantaneous rotor / shaft frequency (Hz).Note: Applicable
only for Sensorless Vector control mode.Notes: 1. The display can be scaled via P010.
2. When the inverter is operating in Sensorless VectorControl mode (P077 = 3) the display shows actual rotor /shaft speed in Hz. When the inverter is operating in V/f orFCC modes (P077 = 0, 1 or 2) the display shows inverteroutput frequency in Hz.
WARNING: In Sensorless Vector Control mode (P077= 3) the display shows 50Hz when a 4-polemotor is rotating at 1500rpm which may beslightly higher than the nominal speedshown on the motor rating plate.
This is the time taken for the motor to accelerate from standstill to themaximum frequency as set in P013. Setting the Ramp-up time too shortcan cause the inverter to trip (fault code F002 - overcurrent).Frequency
This is the time taken for the motor to decelerate from maximumfrequency (P013) to standstill, Setting the Ramp-down time too short cancause the inverter to trip (fault code F001 -DC Link overvoltage).This is also the period for which DC injection braking is applied when P073is selected.Frequency
fmax
0 HzTimeRamp down
time(0 - 650 s)
6. SYSTEM PARAMETERS EnglishParameter Function Range
Used to smooth the acceleration/deceleration of the motor (useful inapplications where it is important to avoid ‘jerking’, e.g. conveyorsystems, textiles, etc.).Smoothing is only effective if the Ramp-up and/or down time exceeds0.3 s.Frequency
fmax
(P013)
0 Hz
Time
Total acceleration time= 15 s
P002 = 10 s
P004= 5 s
P004= 5 s
Note: The smoothing curve for deceleration is also affected by theRamp-up gradient (P002). Therefore, the Ramp-down time is alsoaffected by changes to P002.
P005 • Digital frequency setpoint (Hz) 0 - 650.00[5.00]
Sets the frequency that the inverter will run at when operated indigital mode. Only effective if P006 = 0 or 3.
P006 Frequency setpoint sourceselection
0 - 3[0]
Selects the mode of control of the frequency setpoint for the inverter.0 = Digital motorised potentiometer. The inverter runs at the
frequency set in P005 and can be controlled with the ∆ and ∇pushbuttons (motorised potentiometer). Alternatively, if P007is set to zero, the frequency may be increased or decreased bysetting any two of the digital inputs (P051 to P055 or P356) tovalues of 11 and 12.
1 = Analogue. Control via analogue input signal.2 = Fixed frequency. Fixed frequency is only selected if the
value of at least one of the digital inputs (P051 to P055 orP356) = 6 17 or 18.
3 = Digital setpoint addition. Requested frequency = digitalfrequency (P005) + fixed frequencies (P041 to P044, P046to P049) as selected.
Notes: (1) If P006 = 1 and the inverter is set up for operation via theserial link, the analogue inputs remain active.(2) Motorised potentiometer setpoints via digital inputs arestored upon power-down when P011 = 1.
P007 Keypad control 0 - 1[1]
0 = RUN, JOG and REVERSE are disabled. Control is via digitalinputs (see parameters P051 - P055 and P356). ∆ and ∇ maystill be used to control frequency provided that P124 = 1 and adigital input has not been selected to perform this function.
1 = Front panel buttons can be selectively enabled or disableddepending on the setting of parameters P121 - P124.
Note: The digital inputs for RUN, JOG and increase/decreasefrequency are disabled.
P009 • Parameter protection setting 0 - 3[0]
Determines which parameters can be adjusted:0 = Only parameters from P001 to P009 can be read/set.1 = Parameters from P001 to P009 can be set and all other
parameters can only be read.2 = All parameters can be read/set but P009 automatically
resets to 0 when power is removed.3 = All parameters can be read/set.
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
Scale factor for display when P001 = 0, 1, 4, 5, 7 or 9.Four digit resolution.
P011 Frequency setpoint memory 0 - 1[0]
0 = Disabled1 = Enabled after switch-off. i.e. the setpoint alterations made with
the ∆ / ∇ buttons are stored even when power has beenremoved from the inverter.
P012 • Minimum motor frequency (Hz) 0 - 650.00[0.00]
Sets the minimum motor frequency (must be less than the value ofP013).
P013 • Maximum motor frequency (Hz) 0.01-650.00[50.00]
Sets the maximum motor frequency.CAUTION: To maintain stable operation when in sensorless vectorcontrol mode (P077=3), the maximum motor frequency (P013),should not exceed 3x nominal rating plate motor frequency (P081).
P014 • Skip frequency 1 (Hz) 0 - 650.00[0.00]
A skip frequency can be set with this parameter to avoid the effects ofresonance of the inverter. Frequencies within +/- (the value of P019)of this setting are suppressed. Stationary operation is not possiblewithin this suppressed frequency range - the range is just passedthrough. Setting P014=0 disables this function.
P015 • Automatic restart after mainsfailure.
0 - 1[0]
Setting this parameter to ‘1’ enables the inverter to restartautomatically after a mains break or ‘brownout’, provided the externalrun/stop switch, connected to a digital input, is still closed, P007 = 0and P910 = 0, 2 or 4.
0 = Disabled1 = Automatic restart
P016 • Start on the fly 0 - 4[0]
Allows the inverter to start onto a spinning motor.Under normal circumstances the inverter runs the motor up from 0 Hz.However, if the motor is still spinning or is being driven by the load, it willundergo braking before running back up to the setpoint - this can cause anovercurrent trip. By using a flying restart, the inverter ‘homes in’ on themotor's speed and runs it up from that speed to the setpoint. (Note: If themotor has stopped or is rotating slowly, some ‘rocking’ may occur as theinverter senses the direction of rotation prior to restarting.)
0 = Normal restart1 = Flying restart after power up, fault or OFF2 ( if P018 = 1).2 = Flying restart every time (useful in circumstances where the
motor can be driven by the load).3 = As P016 = 1 except that the inverter will only attempt to
restart the motor in the direction of the requested setpoint.The motor is prevented from ‘rocking’ backwards andforwards during the initial frequency scan.
4 = As P016 = 2 except that the inverter will only attempt torestart the motor in the direction of the requested setpoint.The motor is prevented from ‘rocking’ backwards andforwards during the initial frequency scan.
Note: For MIDIMASTER Vector units, it is recommended that ifP016 > 0 then P018 should be set to ‘1’. This will ensurecorrect re-starting if the inverter fails to re-synchronise onthe initial attempt.
IMPORTANT:When P016 > 0, care must be taken to set up the motornameplate data (parameters P080 toP085) and toperform an auto stator resistance calibration (P088=1)on a cold motor. Recommended maximum operatingfrequency should be less than 120 Hz.
6. SYSTEM PARAMETERS EnglishParameter Function Range
1 = Continuous smoothing (as defined by P004).2 = Discontinuous smoothing. This provides a fast unsmoothed
response to STOP commands and requests to reducefrequency.
Note: P004 must be set to a value > 0.0 for this parameter tohave any effect.
P018 • Automatic restart after fault 0 - 1[0]
Automatic restart after fault:0 = Disabled1 = The inverter will attempt to restart up to 5 times after a fault.
If the fault is not cleared after the 5th attempt, the inverterwill remain in the fault state. The display flashes during thiscondition.
WARNING:While waiting to re-start, the display willflash. This means that a start is pending andmay happen at any time. Fault codes can beobserved in P140 and P930.
P019 • Skip frequency bandwidth (Hz) 0.00 - 10.00[2.00]
Frequencies set by P014, P027, P028 and P029 that are within +/-the value of P019 of all skip frequencies are suppressed.
P021 • Minimum analogue frequency(Hz)
0 - 650.00[0.00]
Frequency corresponding to the lowest analogue input value, i.e.0 V/0 mA or 2 V/4 mA, determined by P023 and the settings of theDIP selector switches 1, 2 and 3 (see Figure 4.1.2). This can be setto a higher value than P022 to give an inverse relationship betweenanalogue input and frequency output (see diagram in P022).
P022 • Maximum analogue frequency(Hz)
0 - 650.00[50.00]
Frequency corresponding to the highest analogue input value, i.e.10 V or 20 mA, determined by P023 and the setting of the DIPselector switches 1, 2 and 3 (see Figure 4.1.2) This can be set to alower value than P021 to give an inverse relationship betweenanalogue input and frequency output.i.e.
Note: The output frequency is limited by values entered forP012/P013.
f
V/ I
P021
P021
P022
P022
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
Sets analogue input type for analogue input 1, in conjunction with thesettings of the DIP selector switches 1, 2 and 3 (see Figure 4.1.2). :0 = 0 V to 10 V/ 0 to 20 mA Unipolar input1 = 2 V to 10 V/ 4 to 20 mA Unipolar input2 = 2 V to 10 V/ 4 to 20 mA Unipolar input with controlled start /
stop when using analogue input control.3 = -10V to +10V Bipolar input. -10V corresponds to left rotation at
speed set in P021, +10V corresponds to right rotation at speedset in P022
Note: Setting P023 = 2 will not work unless the inverter is underfull local control (i.e. P910 = 0 or 4) and V ≥ 1 V or 2mA.
WARNING: The inverter will automatically start when voltagegoes above 1V. This equally applies to both analogueand digital control (i.e. P006 = 0 or 1)
Bi-polar Input Operation
P024 • Analogue setpoint addition 0 - 2[0]
If the inverter is not in analogue mode (P006 = 0 or 2), setting thisparameter to:
0 = No addition to basic setpoint frequency as defined in P006.1 = Addition of analogue input 1 to the basic setpoint frequency
as defined in P0062 = Scaling of basic setpoint (P006) by analogue input 1 in the
range 0 -100%.
P025 • Analogue output 1 0 - 105[0]
This provides a method of scaling the analogue output 1 inaccordance with the following table:Use range 0 - 5 if minimum output value = 0 mA.Use range 100 - 105 if minimum output value = 4 mA
P025 = Selection Analogue Output Range Limits0/4 mA 20 mA
0/100 Outputfrequency
0 Hz Output frequency (P013)
1/101 Frequencysetpoint
0 Hz Frequency setpoint (P013)
2/102 Motor current 0 A Max. overload current(P083 x P086 / 100)
3/103 DC-link voltage 0 V 1023 Vdc4/104 Motor torque -250% +250%
(100% = P085 x 9.55 / P082Nm)
5/105 Motor RPM 0 Nominal motor RPM(P082)
F max
F min
+10V
0.2V Hysteresis
-10V
P021
P022
6. SYSTEM PARAMETERS EnglishParameter Function Range
This provides a method of scaling the analogue output 2 inaccordance with the table shown in P025.
P027 • Skip frequency 2 (Hz) 0 - 650.00[0.00]
See P014.
P028 • Skip frequency 3 (Hz) 0 - 650.00[0.00]
See P014.
P029 • Skip frequency 4 (Hz) 0 - 650.00[0.00]
See P014.
P031 • Jog frequency right (Hz) 0 - 650.00[5.00]
Jogging is used to advance the motor by small amounts. It iscontrolled via the JOG button or with a non-latching switch on one ofthe digital inputs (P051 to P055 and P356).If jog right is enabled for one if these digital inputs (e.g. P051-55 or P356 =7)or if the Job Button is pressed this parameter controls the frequency at whichthe inverter will run when the switch is closed. Unlike other setpoints, it can beset lower than the minimum frequency.
P032 • Jog frequency left (Hz) 0 - 650.00[5.00]
If jog left is enabled (e.g. P051-55 or P356 = 8), this parameter controls thefrequency at which the inverter will run when the switch is closed. Unlike othersetpoints, it can be set lower than the minimum frequency.
P033 • Jog Ramp-up time (seconds) 0 - 650.0[10.0]
This is the time taken to accelerate from 0 Hz to maximumfrequency (P013) for jog functions. It is not the time taken toaccelerate from 0 Hz to the jog frequency.If one of the digital inputs is programmed to select jog ramp times, thecorresponding digital input can be used to select the ramp time setby this parameter instead of the normal Ramp-up time set by P002.
P034 • Jog Ramp-down time (seconds) 0 - 650.0[10.0]
This is the time taken to decelerate from maximum frequency (P013)to 0 Hz for jog functions. It is not the time taken to decelerate fromthe jog frequency to 0 Hz.If one of the digital inputs is programmed to select jog ramp times, thecorresponding digital input can be used to select the ramp time setby this parameter, instead of the normal Ramp-down time set byP003.
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
0 - Disabled1 - Under normal operation the ramp-down time is defined as the timetaken to ramp-down from the value set in P013 to 0. Setting P040 to1 will automatically re-scale the ramp down time so that the motor willalways stop in the same position regardless of operating frequency.
P013
0
Stop Command
Stop position0
f
t
e.g. P003 = 1s, P013 = 50Hz, P012 = 0Hz.If the motor is running at 50Hz and a stop command applied, themotor will stop in 1second. If the motor is running at 25Hz, the motorwill stop in 2 seconds and if the motor is running at 5Hz, the motor willstop in 10 seconds. In each case, the motor will stop at the sameposition.
P041 • Fixed frequency 1 (Hz) 0 - 650.00[5.00]
Valid if P006 = 2 and P055 = 6 or 18, or P053-55=17
P042 • Fixed frequency 2 (Hz) 0 - 650.00[10.00]
Valid if P006 = 2 and P054 = 6 or 18, or P053-55=17
P043 • Fixed frequency 3 (Hz) 0 - 650.00[15.00]
Valid if P006 = 2 and P053 = 6 or 18, or P053-55=17
P044 • Fixed frequency 4 (Hz) 0 - 650.00[20.00]
Valid if P006 = 2 and P052 = 6 or 18 , or P053-55=17
6. SYSTEM PARAMETERS EnglishParameter Function Range
P051 Selection control function, DIN1 0 - 24(terminal 5), fixed frequency 5. [1]
P052 Selection control function, DIN2 0 - 24(terminal 6), fixed frequency 4. [2]
P053 Selection control function, DIN3 0 - 24(terminal 7), fixed frequency 3. [6]If set to 17, this enables the mostsignificant bit of the 3-bit Binary code(see table).
P054 Selection control function, DIN4 0 - 24(terminal 8 ), fixed frequency 2 . [6]If set to 17, this enables the middlebit of the 3-bit Binary code (see table).
P055 Selection control function, DIN5 0 - 24(terminal 16 ), fixed frequency 1. [6]If set to 17, this enables the leastsignificant bit of the 3-bit Binary code(see table).
P356 Selection control function, DIN6 0 - 24(terminal 17 ), fixed frequency 6. [6]
Increase frequency *Decrease frequency *Disable analogue input (setpointis 0.0Hz)Disable the ability to changeparametersEnable dc brakeUse jog ramp times instead ofnormal ramp timesBinary fixed frequency control(fixed frequencies 1 - 8) **Fixed frequencies 1-6, but inputhigh will also request RUN whenP007 = 0.External tripWatchdog trip (see P057),(minimum pulse width = 20 ms)Note: The first Low-to-Hightransition initiates the Watchdogtimer.Download parameter set 0 fromOPM2***Download parameter set 1 fromOPM2***Switch analogue setpoint
NoLow to Hightransition re-setsWatchdogtimerDownload
Download
Analogue ****input 2active.
* Only effective when P007 = 0.** Not available on P051, P052 or P356.*** The motor must be stopped before downloading begins. Downloading takes approx. 30 seconds.**** Top left hand segment in display flashes
6. SYSTEM PARAMETERS EnglishParameter Function Range
Binary Coded Fixed Frequency MappingDIN3 (P053) DIN4 (P054) DIN5 (P055)
FF5 (P046) 0 0 0FF6 (P047) 0 0 1FF7 (P048) 0 1 0FF8 (P049) 0 1 1FF1 (P041) 1 0 0FF2 (P042) 1 0 1FF3 (P043) 1 1 0FF4 (P044) 1 1 1Note: If P051 or P052 = 6 or 18 while P053 or P054 or P055 = 17
then the setpoints are added.Examples: (1) P053 = 17, P054 = 17, P055 = 17:
All 8 fixed frequencies are availablee.g. DIN3 = 1, DIN4 = 1, DIN5 = 0 ⇒ FF3 (P043)
(2) P053 ≠ 17, P054 = 17, P055 = 17:DIN3 is fixed at zero (only FF5 to FF8 available)e.g. DIN4 = 1, DIN5 = 0 ⇒ FF7 (P048)
P056 Digital input debounce time 0 - 2[0]
0 = 12.5 ms1 = 7.5 ms2 = 2.5 ms
P057 Digital Input Watchdog Trip(seconds)
0.0-650.0[1.0]
Time interval between expected ‘Watchdog kicks’ or if this time intervalshould lapse without a pulse on one of the digital inputs, an F057 tripwill occur.(See P051 to P055 and P356)
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
Sets the relay function, output RL1 (terminals 18,19 and 20)
Value Relay function Active3
0 No function assigned (relay not active) Low1 Inverter is running High2 Inverter frequency 0.0 Hz Low3 Motor running direction right High4 External brake on (see parameters P063/P064) Low5 Inverter frequency greater than minimum frequency High6 Fault indication 1 Low7 Inverter frequency greater than or equal to setpoint High8 Warning active 2 Low9 Output current greater than or equal to P065 High
10 Motor current limit (warning) 2 Low11 Motor over temperature (warning) 2 Low12 PID closed loop motor LOW speed limit High13 PID closed loop motor HIGH speed limit High
1 Inverter switches off (see parameter P930 and P140 to P143 andsection 7).
2 Inverter does not trip(see parameter P931).3 ‘Active low’ = relay OFF/ de-energised or ‘Active high’ = relay ON/
energisedNote: If the external brake function is used (P061 or P062 = 4)
and additional slip compensation is used (P071≠ 0),minimum frequency must be less than 5 Hz (P012 < 5.00),otherwise the inverter may not switch off.
Warning:Relay operation is not defined during parameter changes and may change unpredictably.Ensure any equipment connected to the relays will remain safe if the relays change state during parameterisation.
P062 Selection relay output RL2. 0 - 13[8]
Sets the relay function, output RL2 (terminals 21and 22) (refer to thetable in P061).
P063 External brake release delay(seconds)
0 - 20.0[1.0]
Only effective if the relay output is set to control an external brake(P061 or P062 = 4). In this case when the inverter is switched on, it willrun at the minimum frequency for the time set by this parameter beforereleasing the brake control relay and ramping up (see illustration inP064).
6. SYSTEM PARAMETERS EnglishParameter Function Range
As P063, only effective if the relay output is set to control an externalbrake. This defines the period for which the inverter continues to run atthe minimum frequency after ramping down and while the externalbrake is applied.
Notes: (1) Settings for P063 and P064 should be slightly longerthan the actual time taken for the external brake toapply and release respectively
(2) Setting P063 or P064 to too high a value, especiallywith P012 set to a high value, can cause an overcurrentwarning or trip as the inverter attempts to turn a lockedmotor shaft.
P065 Current threshold for relay (A) 0.0-300.0[1.0]
This parameter is used when P061 or P062 = 9. The relay switches onwhen the motor current is greater than the value of P065 and switchesoff when the current falls to 90% of the value of P065 (hysteresis).
P066 Compound braking 0 - 250[0]
0 = Off1 to 250 = Defines the level of DC superimposed on the AC waveform,
expressed as a percentage of P083. Generally, increasing thisvalue improves braking performance, however, with 400Vinverters, a high value in this parameter could cause F001 trips.
Note: Compound braking does not operate in Sensorless Vectorcontrol mode (P077=3).
P069 Ramp extension disable 0 - 1
[1]
0 - Ramp extension disabled.
1 - Ramp extension enabled. Ramp time is increased during currentlimit, overvoltage limit and slip limit to prevent tripping.
Note: Ramp extension does not occur when in vector control (P077=3).
P070 Braking Resistor Duty Cycle(MMV only)
0 - 4[0]
0 = 5%1 = 10%2 = 20%3 = 50%4 = 100% (i.e. continuous)WARNING: Standard braking resistors for the MICROMASTER
Vector are designed for the 5% duty cycle only. Donot select higher duty cycles unless suitably ratedresistors are being used to handle the increasedpower dissipation. The maixmum on time forvalues 0 to 3 is limited according to the brakeresistor thermal capacity. Limit is 12 seconds for5%, increasing to 25 seconds for 50%.
ON OFF
tP063
A
tP064
A
f
fmin
B
t
A = Brake appliedB = Brake removed
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
The inverter can estimate the amount of slip in an asynchronous motorat varying loads and increase its output frequency to compensate. Thisparameter ‘fine tunes’ the compensation for different motors in therange 0 - 200% of the calculated slip.Note: This feature is not active and is not necessary when in
Sensorless Vector Control (P077=3).WARNING: This parameter must be set to zero when using
synchronous motors or motors that are connectedin parallel or over-compensation can causeinstability.
P072 • Slip limit (%) 0 - 500[250]
0 - 499 - This limits the slip of the motor to prevent ‘pull-out’ (stalling),which can occur if slip is allowed to increase indefinitely.When the slip limit is reached, the inverter reduces frequencyto keep the level of slip below this limit.
500 - Disables slip limit warning
P073 • DC injection braking (%) 0 - 200[0]
This rapidly stops the motor by applying a DC braking current andholds the shaft stationary until the end of the braking period. Additionalheat is generated within the motor. Braking is effective for the period oftime set by P003.The DC brake can be activated using DIN1 to DIN6 (see P051 to P055and P356).WARNING: Frequent use of long periods of dc injection
braking can cause the motor to overheat.If DC injection braking is enabled via a digital inputthen DC current is applied for as long as the digitalinput is high. This causes heating of the motor.
6. SYSTEM PARAMETERS EnglishParameter Function Range
Selects the most appropriate curve for the motor derating at lowfrequencies due to the reduced cooling effect of the shaft mountedcooling fan.
0 = No derating. Suitable for motors with separately powered coolingor no fan cooling which dissipate the same amount of heatregardless of speed.
1 = For 2 or 4-pole motors which generally have better cooling due totheir higher speeds. The inverter assumes that the motor candissipate full power at ò 50% nominal frequency.
2 = Suitable for special motors not continuously rated at nominalcurrent at nominal frequency..
3 = For 6 or 8-pole motors. The inverter assumes that the motor candissipate full power at ò nominal frequency.
4 = As P074 = 0 but the inverter trips (F074) instead of reducing themotor torque / speed.
5 = As P074 = 1 but the inverter trips (F074) instead of reducing themotor torque / speed.
6 = As P074 = 2 but the inverter trips (F074) instead of reducing themotor torque / speed.
7 = As P074 = 3 but the inverter trips (F074) instead of reducing themotor torque / speed.
Note: I2t motor protection is not recommended where the motor is lessthan half the power rating of the inverter.
P075 • Braking chopper enable(MMV only)
0 - 1[0]
0 = An external braking resistor is not connected.
1 = An external braking resistor is connected.
An external braking resistor can be used to ‘dump’ the powergenerated by the motor, thus giving greatly improved braking anddeceleration capabilities. It MUST be greater than 40Ω (80Ω for 3 AC400 V inverters) or the inverter will be damaged. Purpose maderesistors are available to cater for all MICROMASTER Vector variants.WARNING: Take care if an alternative resistor is to be used as
the pulsed voltage applied by the inverter candestroy ordinary resistors.
IN = Nominal motor current (P083)FN = Nominal motor frequency (P081)
P074 = 1/5 P074 = 3/7 P074 = 2/6P074 = 0/4
100% IN
50% IN
50% FN 100% FN 150% FN
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
Sets the pulse frequency (from 2 to 16 kHz) and the PWM mode. If silentoperation is not absolutely necessary, the losses in the inverter as well asthe RFI emissions can be reduced by selecting lower pulse frequencies.
0/1 = 16 kHz (230 V default)2/3 = 8 kHz4/5 = 4 kHz (400 V default)6/7 = 2 kHz
Even numbers = normal modulation technique.Odd numbers = lower loss modulation technique used when operatingmainly at speeds above 5 Hz.Due to higher switching losses at increased switching frequencies,certain inverters may have their maximum continuous current (100%)derated if the value of P076 is changed from the default value
Note: If P076 = 4, 5, 6 or 7 then derating does not occur on theabove inverters.
Note: On 230V units of 30kW and above, 400V units of 45kW andabove, and 575V units of 22kW and above, P076 can only beset to 4, 5, 6 or 7 (4kHz or 2kHz only).
The switching frequency will automatically be reduced if theinverter internal protection detects an excessive heat sinktemperature. The switching frequency will automatically bereturned to the setting once this temperature returns tonormal.
P077 Control mode 0 - 3(1)
Controls the relationship between the speed of the motor and thevoltage supplied by the inverter. One of four modes can be selected:0 = V/f curve1 = FCC control2 = Quadratic V/f3 = Vector ControlNote: When Sensorless Vector Control is selected (P077 = 3), P088
will automatically be set to 1, so that on first run-up, the inverterwill measure the stator resistance of the motor and calculatemotor constants from the rating plate data in P080 to P085.
P078 • Continuous boost (%)MMVMDV (P077=3)MDV (P077=0, 1 or 2)
0 - 250[100][100][50]
For many applications it is necessary to increase low frequency torque.This parameter sets the start-up current at 0 Hz to adjust the availabletorque for low frequency operation. 100% setting will produce ratedmotor current (P083) at low frequencies.WARNING: If P078 is set too high, overheating of the motor
and/or an overcurrent trip (F002) can occur.
P079 • Starting boost (%) 0 - 250[0]
For drives which require a high initial starting torque, it is possible to setan additional current (added to the setting in P078) during rampduration (P002). This is only effective during initial start up and until thefrequency setpoint is reached.WARNING: This increase is in addition to P078, but the total is
limited to 250%.
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
P080 Nominal rating plate motor powerfactor (cosϕ)
0.00-1.00[¶¶¶] If efficiency is shown on the motor rating plate, calculate the power
factor as follows: pf =
If neither power factor nor efficiency are shown on the motor ratingplate - set P080 = 0.
P081 Nominal rating plate frequency formotor (Hz)
0 - 650.00[50.00]
P082 Nominal rating plate speed formotor (RPM)
0 - 9999[¶¶¶]
Notes:1 These parameters P080 to P085 must be set for the particular motor
used. Read the figures from the motor rating plate (see Figure 4.2..1 ).
P083 Nominal rating plate current formotor (A)
0.1-300.0[¶¶¶]
2 It will be necessary to perform an automatic calibration (P088 = 1) ifP080 to P085 are changed from their factory default settings.
P084 Nominal rating plate voltage formotor (V)
0 - 1000[¶¶¶]
3 When the inverter is set-up for North American operation (P101=1);P081 will default to 60Hz and P085 will indicate hp (0.16 - 250)
P085 Nominal rating plate power formotor (kW)
0.12-250.00[¶¶¶]
P086 • Motor current limit (%) 0 - 250[150]
Defines the motor overload current as a % of the Nominal motorcurrent (P083) allowed for up to one minute.With this parameter and P186, the motor current can be limited andoverheating of the motor prevented. If the value set in P083 isexceeded for one minute, (or longer if the overload is small) , theoutput frequency is reduced until the current falls to that set in P083.The inverter display flashes as a warning indication but the inverterdoes not trip. The inverter can be made to trip using P074.Note: The maximum value that P086 can be set to is automatically
limited by the rating of the inverter.
P087 • Motor PTC enable 0 - 1[0]
0 = Disabled1 = External PTC enabledNote: If motor thermal protection is required, then an external PTC
must be used and P087 = 1. If P087 = 1 and the PTC inputgoes high then the inverter will trip (fault code F004displayed).
P088 Automatic calibration 0 - 1[0]
The motor stator resistance is used in the inverter's internal currentmonitoring calculations. When P088 is set to ‘1’ and the RUN button ispressed, the inverter performs an automatic measurement of motorstator resistance; stores it in P089 and then resets P088 to ‘0’.If the measured resistance is too high for the size of inverter (e.g.motor not connected or unusually small motor connected), the inverterwill trip (fault code F188) and will leave P088 set to ‘1’. If this happens,set P089 manually and then set P088 to ‘0’.
P089 • Stator resistance (Ω) 0.01-199.99[¶¶¶]
Can be used instead of P088 to set the motor stator resistancemanually. The value entered should be the resistance measuredacross any two motor phases.
WARNING: The measurement should be made at the inverterterminals with power off and cold motor.
Note: If the value of P089 is too high then an overcurrent trip(F002)may occur.
P091 • Serial link slave address 0 - 30[0]
Up to 31 inverters can be connected via the serial link and controlled bya computer or PLC using the USS serial bus protocol. This parametersets a unique address for the inverter.
hp x 7461.732 x efficiency x nom. volts x nom. amps
6. SYSTEM PARAMETERS EnglishParameter Function Range
Sets the baud rate of the RS485 serial interface (USS protocol):3 = 1200 baud4 = 2400 baud5 = 4800 baud6 = 9600 baud7 = 19200 baud
Note: Some RS232 to RS485 converters are not capable of baudrates higher than 4800.
P093 • Serial line time-out (seconds) 0 - 240.[0]
This is the maximum permissible period between two incoming datatelegrams. This feature is used to turn off the inverter in the event of acommunications failure.Timing starts after a valid data telegram has been received and if afurther data telegram is not received within the specified time period,the inverter will trip and display fault code F008.Setting the value to zero switches off the control.
P094 • Serial link nominal systemsetpoint (Hz)
0 - 650.00[50.00]
Setpoints are transmitted to the inverter via the serial link aspercentages. The value entered in this parameter represents 100%
2 = HSW is not scaled but represents the actual frequency valueto a resolution of 0.01 Hz (e.g. 5000 = 50 Hz).
P099 • Option module type 0 - 2[0]
0 = Option module not present1 = PROFIBUS module (enables parameters relating to
PROFIBUS)2 = CANbus module (enables parameters relating to CANbus)
P101 • Operation for Europe or NorthAmerica
0 - 1[0]
This sets the inverter for European or North America supply andnominal rating plate frequency for the motor to:
0 = Europe (50 Hz and power ratings to kW)1 = North America (60 Hz and power ratings to hp)
Note: After setting P101 =1 the inverter must be re-set to factorydefaults, i.e. P944 = 1 to automatically set P013 = 60Hz, P081=60Hz, P082 = 1680rpm P085 will be displayed in hp.
P111 Inverter power rating (kW/hp) 0.12- 75.00[¶¶¶]
Read-only parameter that indicates the power rating of the inverter inkW. e.g. 0.55 = 550 WNote: If P101 = 1 then the rating is displayed in hp.
0 = RUN button disabled1 = RUN button enabled (only possible if P007 = 1)
P122 Enable/disableFORWARD/REVERSE button
0 - 1[1]
0 = FORWARD/REVERSE button disabled1 = FORWARD/REVERSE button enabled (only possible if P007 = 1)
P123 Enable/disable JOG button 0 - 1[1]
0 = JOG button disabled1 = JOG button enabled (only possible if P007 = 1)
P124 Enable/disable ∆ and ∇ buttons 0 - 1[1]
0 = ∆ and ∇ buttons disabled1 = ∆ and ∇ buttons enabled (only possible if P007 = 1)Note: This applies for frequency adjustment only. The buttons can
still be used to change parameter values.
P125 Reverse direction inhibit 0 - 1[1]
This parameter can be used to prevent the inverter from running amotor in the reverse direction.
0 = Reverse direction disabled. Inhibits reverse commands from ALLsources (e.g. front panel, digital, analogue, etc.). All negative RUNcommands (e.g. ON left, JOG left, REVERSE, etc.) result inFORWARD rotation. Any negative result of setpoint addition isclipped at 0 Hz.
1 = Normal operation. Forward and reverse direction of rotationallowed.
P128 Fan switch-off delay time(seconds) (MMV only)
0 - 600[120]
Time taken for the fan to switch off following an OFF command.
P131 Frequency setpoint (Hz) 0.00-650.00[-]
P132 Motor current (A) 0.0 - 300.0[-]
P133 Motor torque (% nominal torque) 0 - 250[-]
Read-only parameters. These are copies of the values stored in P001but can be accessed directly via the serial link.
Read only. The last recorded fault code (see section 7) is stored in thisparameter. The stored value can be cleared by using the ∆ and ∇buttons. Or by resetting to factory defaults (P944)
This is a copy of the code stored in P930.
P141 Most recent fault code -1 0 - 255[-]
Read only. This parameter stores the last recorded fault code prior tothat stored in P140/P930.
P142 Most recent fault code -2 0 - 255[-]
Read only. This parameter stores the last recorded fault code prior tothat stored in P141.
P143 Most recent fault code -3 0 - 255[-]
Read only. This parameter stores the last recorded fault code prior tothat stored in P142.
P186 • Motor instantaneous current limit(%)
0 - 500*(200)
This parameter defines the instantaneous motor current limit as a % ofthe nominal motor current (P083). If the output current reaches thislimit for three seconds, the inverter automatically reduces the current tothe limit set in P086.Note: * The maximum value that can be set for P186 is automaticallylimited by the rating of the inverter.
Torque limit operation is available, from 5Hz to 50Hz, when usingVector Control mode (P077=3). The motor torque produced is afunction of motor current. If P186 and P086 are equal, the current limitfunction can effectively be used as a torque limit.
P201 PID closed loop mode 0 - 1[0]
0 = Normal operation (closed loop process control disabled).1 = Closed loop process control using analogue input 2 as feedback.
P202 • P gain 0.0-999.9[1.0]
Proportional gain.
P203 • I gain 0.00-99.9[0]
Integral gain.0.01% corresponds to the longest integral action time.
P204 • D gain 0.0-999.9[0]
Derivative gain.
P205 • Sample interval (x 25 ms) 1 - 2400[1]
Sampling interval of feedback sensor. The integral response rate isslowed down by this factor
Percentage error above which integral term is reset to zero.
P208 Transducer type 0 - 1[0]
0 = An increase in motor speed causes an increase in transducervoltage/current output.1 = An increase in motor speed causes an decrease in transducervoltage/current output..
P210 Transducer reading (%) 0.00-100.00[-]
Read-only. Value is a percentage of full scale of the selected signalinput(i.e. 10 V or 20 mA).
P211 • 0% setpoint 0.0 - 100.00[0.0]
Value of P210 to be maintained for 0% setpoint.
P212 • 100% setpoint 0.0 - 100.00[100.00]
Value of P210 to be maintained for 100% setpoint.
P220 Frequency cut-off. 0 - 1[0]
0 = Normal operation.1 = Switch off inverter output at or below minimum frequency.
Note: Active in all modes.
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
P321 • Minimum analogue frequency foranalogue setpoint 2 (Hz)
0 - 650.00[0.00]
Frequency corresponding to the lowest analogue input value, i.e.0 V/0 mA or 2 V/4 mA, determined by P323 and the settings of the DIPselector switches 4 and 5 (see Section 4.1.2). This can be set to ahigher value than P322 to give an inverse relationship betweenanalogue input and frequency output (see diagram in P322).
P322 • Maximum analogue frequency foranalogue setpoint 2 (Hz)
0 - 650.00[50.00]
Frequency corresponding to the highest analogue input value, i.e.10 V or 20 mA, determined by P323 and the setting of the DIP selectorswitches 4 and 5 (see Section 4.1.2).. This can be set to a lower valuethan P321 to give an inverse relationship between analogue input andfrequency output.
P323 • Analogue input 2 type 0 - 2[0]
Sets analogue input type for analogue input 2, in conjunction with thesettings of the DIP selector switches 4 and 5 (see, Section 4.1.2) :0 = 0 V to 10 V/ 0 to 20 mA Unipolar input1 = 2 V to 10 V/ 4 to 20 mA Unipolar input2 = 2 V to 10 V/ 4 to 20 mA Unipolar input with controlled start /
stop when using analogue input control.Note: Setting P323 = 2 will not work unless the inverter is under
full local control (i.e. P910 = 0 or 4) and V ≥ 1 V or 2mA.WARNING:The inverter will automatically start when voltage goes
above 1V or 2mA. This equally applies to bothanalogue and digital control (i.e. P006 = 0 or 1)
P356 Digital input 6 configuration 0 - 24[6]
Control function selection, DIN 6See P051 - P055 for description.
P386 Sensorless vector speed controlloop gain - proportional term
0.1 - 20.0[1.0]
To optimise the dynamic performance of the vector control thisparameter should be incremented whilst the inverter is operating undertypical conditions until the first signs of speed instability occur. Thesetting should then be reduced slightly (approx. 10%) until stability isrestored. In general, the optimum setting required will be proportionalto the load inertia. If this setting is too low or too high, rapid loadchanges may result in DC link overvoltage trips (F001) and/or unstablevector control.See section 5.3.3 for further information .Note: P386 = Load inertia + motor shaft inertia motor shaft inertia
P387 Sensorless vector speed controlloop gain - integral term
0.01- 10.0[1.0]
P386 must be optimised before adjusting P387. Whilst operating theinverter under typical conditions, increment this parameter until the firstsigns of speed instability occur. The setting should then be reducedslightly (approx. 30%) until stability is restored.See section 5.3.3 for further information.
P700P701 • Specific to PROFIBUS-DP. See PROFIBUS Handbook for further
P702 details. Access only possible with P099 = 1
f
V/ I
P322
P322
P321
P321
6. SYSTEM PARAMETERS EnglishParameter Function Range
Allows direct access to the relay outputs and the analogue output viathe serial link (USS or PROFIBUS-DP with module):
0 = Normal operation1 = Direct control of relay 12 = Direct control of relay 23 = Direct control of relay 1 and relay 24 = Direct control of analogue output 1 only5 = Direct control of analogue output 1 and relay 16 = Direct control of analogue output 1 and relay 27 = Direct control of analogue output 1, relay 1 and relay 2
P721 Analogue input 1 voltage (V) 0.0 - 10.0[-]
Read only. Displays the analogue input 1 voltage (approximate).
P722 • Analogue output 1 current (mA) 0.0 - 20.0[0.0]
Allows direct control of the output current over the serial link if P720 =4, 5, 6 or 7.
P723 State of digital inputs 0 - 3F[-]
Read-only. Provides a HEX representation of a 6-digit binary number ofwhich the LSB = DIN1 and the MSB = DIN6 (1 = ON, 0 = OFF).e.g. If P723 = B, this represents ‘001011’ - DIN1, DIN2 and DIN4
= ON, DIN3 , DIN5 and DIN6 = OFF.
P724 • Relay output control 0 - 3[0]
Enables control of the output relays. Used in conjunction with P720,e.g. setting P724 = 1 (relay 1 = ON) has no effect unless P720 = 1, 3,5,or 7.
0 = Both relays OFF / de-energised1 = Relay 1 ON / energised2 = Relay 2 ON / energised3 = Both relays ON / energised
P725 Analogue input 2 voltage (V) 0.0-10.0[-]
Read only. Displays the analogue input 2 voltage (approximate) onlywhen analogue input 2 is active (P051 to P055 or P356 = 24 and therespective digital input is high).
P726 Analogue output 2 current (mA)(MDV only)
0.0-20.0[0.0]
Allows direct control of the analogue output 2 current over the seriallink if P720 = 4, 5, 6 or 7.
P880 Specific to PROFIBUS-DP. See PROFIBUS Handbook for furtherdetails. Access only possible with P099 = 1
P900 toP970
(Other than those listed below) Specific to PROFIBUS-DP and CANbus operation. See PROFIBUSor CANbus Handbook for further details.Access only possible with P099 = 1 or 2
P910 • Local / USS mode 0 - 4[0]
Sets the inverter for local control or USS control over the serial link:0 = Local control1 = USS control (and setting of parameter values)2 = Local control (but USS control of frequency)3 = USS control (but local control of frequency)4 = Local control (but USS read and write access to
parameters and facility to reset trips)Note: When operating the inverter via USS control (P910 = 1
or 2 ), the analogue input remains active when P006 = 1and is added to the setpoint.
P922 Software version 0.00 - 99.99[-]
Contains the software version number andcannot be changed.
P923 • Equipment system number 0 - 255[0]
You can use this parameter to allocate a unique reference number tothe inverter. It has no operational effect.
P930 Most recent fault code 0 - 255[-]
See Parameter 140
English 6. SYSTEM PARAMETERSParameter Function Range
Read only. The last recorded warning is stored in this parameter untilpower is removed from the inverter. This can be cleared by using the ∆and ∇ buttons.
See section 7.2 for explanation of warning codes
P944 Reset to factory default settings 0 - 1[0]
Set to ‘1’ and then press P to reset all parameters except P101 to thefactory default settings. Previously set parameters will be overwrittenincluding the motor parameters P080 - P085 (See section 4.2)
P971 • EEPROM storage control 0 - 1[1]
0 = Changes to parameter settings (including P971)are lost when power is removed.
1 = Changes to parameter settings are retained during periodswhen power is removed.
IMPORTANT: When using the serial link to update the parameterset held in EEPROM, care must be taken not to exceed themaximum number of write cycles to this EEPROM - this isapproximately 50,000 write cycles. Exceeding this number of writecycles would result in corruption of the stored data andsubsequent data loss. The number of read cycles are unlimited.
Maéc maïch ñieàu khieån cho Sikostart 3RW2221-1AB15:
a. Caáp nguoàn ñieàu khieån: Coù theå caáp nguoàn cho maïch ñieàu khieån cuûa Sikostart theo moät trong ba möùc ñieän aùp treân hình veõ. Hình veõ laø moät ví duï caáp nguoàn 220V cho maïch ñieàu khieån.
b. Ngoõ vaøo ñieàu khieån:
1) Ñieàu khieån baèng nuùt nhaán:
(Neáu caû hai cuøng ñöôïc nhaán thì tín hieäu OFF ñöôïc öu tieân hôn)
Potentiometer settingX Set operating valueLeft stop / Right stop
↔ Any setting
Remarks
Voltage ramp Potentiometer No.1 X tR 2 X UAnf 34 ↔ UAnf = 20 % to 100% UN tR = 0.3 s to 180 s
Current limiting Potentiometer No.1 2 3 X IB **4 ↔ IB = 20 % to 100 % Ia or 0.5 to 6 IetB *
Voltage ramp with current limiting
Potentiometer No.1 X tR 2 X UAnf 3 X IB **4 ↔ tB *
IB sets the starting current limit. Depending on the level of UAnf, tR can be set as short as required.
* Limiting time tB: Standard model (3RW2221-... to 3RW2231-1AA05): Once run-up has been detected, the motor terminal voltage isincreased to the mains voltage. The maximum current limiting time is 20 s. If run-up is not detected within this timeit switches off with the alarm "overload“. With motor overload protection (3RW2221-... to 3RW2231-1AB05 and ...-.AB1.): The internal protection definesthe maximum current limiting time.
**Limiting current IB: Basic device (3RW22..-1AA05): IB = 20 to 100% of motor starting current in the case of direct-on-line starting (Ia )3RW22..-1AB.. or 3RW22..-DB.. (device with device protection): IB = 0.5 to 6 rated current of the 3RW22 (Ie )
UN
UAnf
t
U
tR
35
IB
tBt
I
20 %IN
Ia 35
UN
UAnf
t
IB
UI
tBtR
35
11
English
Note:Please ensure on setting the start impulse level that the motor does not exceed its stalling torque! If the stalling torque is exceeded by the starting impulse, run-up detection is not possible. The basic unit will switch off after 20 s and issues the alarm "overload" (starting time exceeded).
Voltage ramp with start impulse
Potentiometer No.1 X tR 2 X UL **
3 4 ↔ UL = 20 % to 100 % UN
** in this case: impulse voltage; Start voltage = 0.8 x impulse voltageImpulse time ti : 1 s when tR ≥ 20 s; otherwise 50 ms per second of ramp time
Voltage ramp with start impulse and current limiting
Potentiometer No.1 X tR 2 X UL **
3 X IB 4 ↔ tB *
Emergency start Potentiometer No.1 X tR 2 X UAnf 3 ↔ 4 ↔
The motor starts with increased start voltage
Note:In the case of an emergency start, only a voltage ramp is possible. Energy-saving mode, soft-stopping and DC braking are inhibited. The electric circuit must be connected through to the motor.
Table A: Control modesduring startup
Position of DIL
switches 3 and 5 OFF/ON
Potentiometer settingX Set operating valueLeft stop / Right stop
↔ Any setting
Remarks
UN
UL
tRt
U
20 %
ti
35
UN
UL
tRt
U
ti
IN
IB
tB
UI 3
5
UN
UAnf
tRt
U5
12
English
Table B: Motor running modesPosition of DIL
switch 4OFF/ON
Remarks
Full-on modeWarning:High temperatures can be generated by the heatsinks! Depending on the model, the maximum heatsink temperature in continuous operation can be 100 °C.
Energy-saving modeWarning:In energy-saving mode, with driving loads, the motor may reach oversynchronous speeds. To prevent unpermissibly high speeds, energy-saving mode must be switched off.
With bypass contactor In the case of AC-1 layout of the bypass contactor: set DIL switches 1 and 2 to soft start. Turn soft stopping time to minimum (left-hand end position).
With bypass contactor In the event of an OFF command, the thyristors of the SIKOSTART are turned on before the bypass contactor opens. The bypass contactor switches the current at zero voltage and hence with minimum stress on the contacts. The current goes over to the thyristors.Note:In this mode, the SIKOSTART should not be switched off with a line contactor if con-trol voltage is applied continuously at the SIKOSTART. A line fault will otherwise be signalled and the SIKOSTART will not be able to be switched on again until after the fault has been acknowledged.
4
4
4
12
13
English
1) Parameterizing with COM SIKOSTART permits considerably better braking performance to be achieved is possible with potentiometer setting.
Table C: Stopping modesPosition of DIL
switches 1 and 2 OFF/ON
Potentiometer settingX Set operating value
↔ Any settingRemarks
Pump-stopping Potentiometer No.1 ↔ 2 ↔ 3 ↔ 4 X
Ramp time tAus can be varied from 5 s to 90 s using potentiometer 4.
DC braking Potentiometer No.1 ↔ 2 ↔ 3 ↔ 4 X
The use of a braking contactor is recommended.1)
Warning:The braking contactor must only be connected between T2 and T3, otherwise there is a danger of generating a short circuit!
Soft-stopping Potentiometer No.1 ↔ 2 X * UAb 3 ↔ 4 X
Without PC interface: UAnf = 0.9 UN tAus = 1 s to 20s*In this case, the switch-off voltage UAb is 85% of the startup starting voltage.Note:When operated with bypass contactor, the SIKOSTART should not be switched off with a line contactor if con-trol voltage is applied continuously at the SIKOSTART. A line fault will otherwise be signalled and the SIKO-START will not be able to be switched on again until after the fault has been acknowledged.
Coasting down Potentiometer No.1 ↔ 2 ↔ 3 ↔ 4 ↔
t
U
UAnf
UN
tAus
12
t
UI
m in .
1 8 s3 s
m a x .s to p t im e
s to p t im e12
t
U
U A nf
U A b
U N
tA us
12
t
U
UB
12
14
English
3.4 Fault analysis
Flashing LED No.Alarm Cause Action
1 Supply fault
Load voltage missing Check fuses / check mains contactor
1 or 2 phases missing Check mains contactor Check voltage on L1, L2 and L3
Harmonics in the mains Check mains (phase sequence, phase imbalance, harmonics) Reduce harmonic content
Supply voltage too low Check supply voltage and adjust it
Load missing* Connect motor
2Thyristor fault
1 or 2 thyristors shorted
All 3 phases of bypass contactor not closed
Check thyristors and replace if necessary. Undamaged thyristors must have a resistance > 100 kΩ Check contactor function
3Overload
Heatsink overtemperature Check ambient temperature Check DIL switch 6: Is ambient temperature or rated current set correctly? Check required SIKOSTART type (rating) Drive blocked? Too many restarts?
Operating current or starting current too high Drive blocked?
Starting time exceeded (only for ...-1AA05) Adjust current limit Switch off run-up detection
Short circuit on load side Check main motor circuit
Note: * When a bypass contactor is in use, the alarm "Missing load" cannot be indicated when the motor is running.
15
English
NotePlease ensure on setting the start impulse level that the motor does not exceed its stalling torque! If the stalling torque is exceeded by the starting impulse, run-up detection is not possible. The basic unit will switch off after 20 s and issues the alarm "overload" (starting time exceeded).
4General fault
Bypass contactor opens immediately after closing Check function of bypass contactor
Bypass contactor not open Check function of bypass contactor
Wrong machine-readable product designation (MLFB) has been set in the control section for the power section.
Replace the SIKOSTART control electronics
EEPROM fault (only with ...-1.B15) Ensure motor current > 0.2 Ie When parameterizing at the controller: Set DIL switch 8 to OFF When parameterizing with the PC: Store parameters in the EEPROM If parameterization is not successful: Replace the control section
EEPROM fault (only with ...-1AA05) Set DIL switch 8 to OFF
Thermistor short-circuited or interrupted Check thermistor
5Start inhibited
Heatsink for starting momentarily too hot (a running motor can continue operating without any problems)
Do not start before LED is off Too many restarts?
Flashing LED No.Alarm Cause Action
DC BremsenDC Braking
SIKOSTART
1
1
SIEMENS
min max
5
5
3
3
20% 100% Ia
20%
1
2
3
4
6
5
7
9
8
12
11
13
14
15
10
2
BetriebsbereitREADY
NetzstörungSUPPLY FAULT
ThyristorfehlerTHYRISTOR FAULT
Im An-AuslaufSTART/STOPPINGAnlauf-EndeMOTOR-RUNNING
2
NO
NO
NO
StörungGROUPALARM
AC 380-415V
N/L.
AC 100-120V
AC 200-240V
DC BremsenDC BRAKING
EnergiesparenENERGY SAVING
ÜberlastOVERLOAD
GerätestörungGENERAL FAULT
Start gesperrtSTART BLOCKED
OUT L+ DC 24V
IN1
IN2
IN3
EinSTARTAusSTOPFern-REMOTE-RESET
NC
3RW22
Anlauf-EndeMOTORRUNNING
100%
Losbrechimpuls
AusOFF
EinON
DC Bremsen
Sanftauslauf
Energiesparen
Notstart
Umgebungstemp.
RUN UP DETECT.
AMBIENT TEMP.
EMERG. START
ENERGY SAVING
IMPULSE START
SOFT STOP
DC-BRAKING
Hochlauferkennung
12
12
34
51
2
40° 55° C
akt. inakt.
∞
10
15
2030 60
90
120
0
150180s
RampenzeitRAMP TIME
BegrenzungsstromCURRENT LIMIT
Ia=MotoranlaufstromMotor starting current at UN
Startspannung
START VOLTAGE
AuslaufzeitSTOP TIME
12345678
T1
T1
L1 L2 L3
L1 L2 L3
1 2
3 4
1
2
3
4
5
bei/on/sur/en/in/no 3RW22..-..B1.
Anschluss PC-Schnittstelle
Connection for PC interface
Connecteur d'interface PC
Conector de interface PC
Allacciamento interfaccia PC
Terminal interface de PC
LED No. / N. LED / LED n.º
Potentiometer No. / Potentiomètre-No.Potenciómetro No. / N. potenziometro/Potenciómetro n.º
3RW2221 bis/to/à/a/até 3RW2231-1AA05
a. Grundgerät
Basic unit
Appareil de base
Aparato base
Apparecchio base
Aparelho base
Losbrechimpuls
AusOFF
EinON
DC Bremsen
Sanftauslauf
Energiesparen
Notstart
Umgebungstemp.
RUN UP DETECT.
AMBIENT TEMP.
EMERG. START
ENERGY SAVING
IMPULSE START
SOFT STOP
DC-BRAKING
Hochlauferkennung1
21
2
34
51
2
40° 55° C
akt. inakt.
∞
12 Pumpenauslauf PUMP STOP
Losbrechimpuls
AusOFF
EinON
DC Bremsen
Sanftauslauf
Energiesparen
Notstart
Umgebungstemp.
RUN UP DETECT.
AMBIENT TEMP.
EMERG. START
ENERGY SAVING
IMPULSE START
SOFT STOP
DC-BRAKING
Hochlauferkennung
12
12
34
51
2
40° 55° C
akt. inakt.
∞
12 Pumpenauslauf PUMP STOP
RS 232-Interface
min max0,5 Ie 6 Ie
20% 100%
10
15
2030 60
90
120
0
150180s
RampenzeitRAMP TIME
BegrenzungsstromCURRENT LIMIT
Startspannung
START VOLTAGE
AuslaufzeitSTOP TIME
12345678
Ie = SIKOSTART-BemessungsstromSIKOSTART rated current
min max0,5 Ie 6 Ie
20% 100%
10
15
2030 60
90120
0
150180s
RampenzeitRAMP TIME
BegrenzungsstromCURRENT LIMIT
Startspannung
START VOLTAGE
AuslaufzeitSTOP TIME
12345678
Ie = SIKOSTART-BemessungsstromSIKOSTART rated current
3RW2221 bis/to/à/a/até 3RW2231-1AB05
b. Version mit elektronischem Geräteschutz
Version with electronic overload protection
avec protection contre les surcharges
Versión con protección electrónica de sobrecarga
Versione con protezione elettronica
Versão com protecção electrónica de aparelho
3RW2221 bis/to/à/a/até 3RW2250-..B1.
c. Version mit elektronischem Geräteschutz undserieller PC-Schnittstelle RS232
Version with electronic overload protection anda serial RS232 PC interface
avec protection contre les surcharges etinterface série RS232 pour PC
Versión con protección electrónica de sobrecarga e interface para PC serie RS232
Versione con protezione elettronica e interfacciaseriale RS232 per PC
Versão com protecção electrónica de aparelho einterface serial de PC RS232