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TTank-automotive & AArmaments ComCommandCommitted to Excellence
TRADE-OFFs IN WEAPON SYSTEM DESIGNBY
RONALD ELBE
CLOSE COMBAT ARMAMENTS CENTERPRODUCTION & FIELD SUPPORT TEAM
NDIA PRESENTATION MAY 2003
[email protected]
DSN 793-5475
COMM (309) 782-5475
R-1
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DISCLAIMER
• NOT AN OFFICIAL U.S. ARMY POSITION
• CONTENT SOLELY OPINION & RESPONSIBILITY OF RON ELBE
Committed to Excellence2
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PURPOSE OF PRESENTATION
• HEIGHTEN AWARENESS OF INTERACTIONS / TRADE OFFs WITHIN WEAPON SYSTEMS
• IMPROVE COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN
USER & DEVELOPER
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FIRST PRINCIPLE OF WEAPON SYSTEM DESIGN ••••
FIRST PRINCIPLE OF WEAPON SYSTEM DESIGN ••••
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“THERE AIN’T NO FREE RIDES ! ”“THERE AIN’T NO FREE RIDES ! ”
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(EVERYTHING IS A TRADE-OFF)(EVERYTHING IS A TRADE-OFF)
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TYPICAL SYSTEM TRADE-OFFs
“IMPROVING” MAY DEGRADE
RELIABILITY ACCURACY, AFFORDABILITY, PORTABILITY
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
DURABILITY AFFORDABILITY, PORTABILITY,
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
PORTABILITY AFFORDABILITY, AMMO CAPACITY, DURABILITY, TERMINAL BALLISTICS
FEATURES AFFORDABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY, PORTABILITY, RELIABILITY
RATE OF FIRE ACCURACY, CONTROLLABILITY, DURABILITY
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TYPICAL SYSTEM TRADE-OFFs(CONTINUED)
“IMPROVING” MAY DEGRADE
CONTROLLABILITY PORTABILITY, RATE OF FIRE, TERMINAL BALLISTICS
ACCURACY AFFORDABILITY (WEAPON & AMMO),
DURABILITY, RELIABILITY
INTERCHANGEABILITY AFFORDABILITY
5% – 95% FEATURES, TERMINAL BALLISTICS
AMMO CAPACITY DURABILITY, PORTABILITY
Committed to Excellence7
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TYPICAL SYSTEM TRADE-OFFs(CONTINUED)
“IMPROVING” MAY DEGRADE
SAFETY FEATURES, TERMINAL BALLISTICS
TERMINAL BALLISTICS AFFORABILITY, DURABILITY, PORTABILITY, RANGE,
RELIABILITY, SAFETY
PENETRATION LETHALITY, PORTABILITY, RELIABILITY
MUZZLE FLASH PORTABILITY
Committed to Excellence8
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TRADE OFFs AFFECT ENTIRE SYSTEM
M856 TRACE DISTANCE & BALLISTIC MATCH
PROJECTILE SHAPE/LENGTH
& TERMINAL BALLISTICS
RIFLING TWIST,CTG COST, CTG INTEGRITY
BARREL LIFE, ACCURACY
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DESIGNERS JUGGLE
TRADE-OFFs TOWARD AN
“OPTIMUM DESIGN”
DESIGNERS JUGGLE
TRADE-OFFs TOWARD AN
“OPTIMUM DESIGN”
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WEAPON SYSTEMS ARE LIKE MOVIES • • •
• SEQUELS MAY OR MAY NOT BE BETTER THAN THE ORIGINAL
• EVOLUTION CAN IMPROVE SYSTEMS, BUT•• ORIGINAL DESIGNER PROBABLY MADE
WISE TRADE-OFFs •• DESIGN VARIANTS DEVIATE FROM THOSE TRADE-OFFs
•• THE DEVIATIONS AND THEIR RESULTING NEW TRADE-OFFs MUST BE THOROUGHLY UNDERSTOOD BY BOTH DEVELOPER & USER
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EXAMPLES OF VARIANTSEXAMPLES OF VARIANTS
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SO,
HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF
SO,
HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF
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(MUZZLE FLASH VS PORTABILITY)
SOME TRADE-OFFs MAY NOT BE OBVIOUS
SOME TRADE-OFFs MAY NOT BE OBVIOUS
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RECOMMENDATIONS TO USERS
• DON’T MAKE ANY REQUIREMENT MORE STRINGENT THAN NEEDED.
• ADDRESS ALL REQUIREMENTS.• BE FLEXIBLE IN YOUR REQUIREMENTS.• ASK ABOUT TRADE-OFFs ! ! !• UNDERSTAND AND ACCEPT TRADE-OFFs.
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RECOMMENDATIONS TO DEVELOPERS
• TAKE A “TOTAL SYSTEM” VIEWPOINT• UNDERSTAND THE SYSTEM IMPLICATIONS OF
EVERY REQUIREMENT
• MAKE CONSCIOUS TRADE-OFF DECISIONS
•• USE A FORMAL TRADE-OFF
MATRIX / PROCESS / ANALYSIS
• EXPLAIN IMPLICATIONS OF USER REQUIREMENTS TO HIM
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BECAUSE • • •BECAUSE • • •
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THERE AIN’T NO FREE RIDES ! ! !THERE AIN’T NO FREE RIDES ! ! !
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(IF YOU DON’T ACCEPT THIS PRINCIPLE, THE SOLDIER WON’T
GET OPTIMUM SYSTEM ! ! !)
(IF YOU DON’T ACCEPT THIS PRINCIPLE, THE SOLDIER WON’T
GET OPTIMUM SYSTEM ! ! !)